JPH11209800A - Production of air-permeable leather - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing an air-permeable leather, capable of producing the leather preventing the invasion of stains and water and having good air permeability without deteriorating the touch of the leather and the good characteristics of natural fibers. SOLUTION: This method for producing an air-permeable leather comprises obliquely inserting needles from one surface of a leather 10 to form fine holes 11 inclined toward poil foramen in the leather 10. When the fine holes 11 are formed from the epidermis 1 side, the needles are stopped up to the reticular layer 3 of corium without reaching the back surface. When a back skin is formed, needles are inserted from the side of the back surface to the side of the epidermis surface 1 to form penetrated fine holes 11.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to natural leather such as cowhide, pig leather, and deer leather used for daily necessities such as shoes, bags, and bags.
Alternatively, the present invention relates to a method for producing breathable leather which imparts breathability to artificial leather such as vinyl leather and synthetic leather.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Natural leather and artificial leather of various animals such as cows, pigs, deer, etc. are used as important materials for daily necessities.
Various techniques such as embossing, stamping, and punching for the above-mentioned leathers have been developed, and various functional effects have been provided. Among these methods, there are stamping and punching as methods for improving air permeability.

The above stamping and punching processes are usually
Because it punches leather and forms a through hole,
The leather tissue is divided at the through-hole portion, and the strength is reduced accordingly. A technique for improving air permeability without such a decrease in strength has also been developed. For example, there is a method for producing air-permeable leathers disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-86600. As shown in FIG. 5 (a), this method of manufacturing breathable leather is such that a heat-resistant elastic plate 52 is superimposed on one surface of leather 51, and then the other surface of leather 51 is used for the above-mentioned one side. The cone 53 projecting from the substrate 54 penetrates the surface and is pressed against the elastic plate 52. In this state, the cone 53 is heated to fix this shape to the leather 51. According to this method, as shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, the through holes 55 can be formed in the leathers 51 so that the fibers are not cut off but pushed away.

The stamping and punching described above and the method for producing breathable leather shown in FIG. 5 (a) both form a through hole 55 in the leather 51 for ventilation.
The through-hole 55 is formed perpendicular to the sheet surface of the leather 51, and a relatively large hole is formed. Accordingly, the other side of the leather 51 can be seen from one side through the through hole 55, and the through hole 55 is relatively conspicuous. Therefore, the appearance of the leathers 51 is artificial, and as a result, the texture of the leather is reduced, and the goodness of the fiber structure is wasted. In addition, while air permeability can be ensured by the through holes 55, dirt and moisture easily enter through the through holes 55, and the main functions of the leathers 51, namely, protection and shielding, are impaired. Further, the oil component that has been permeated into the leather fibers in the greasing step escapes from the through-hole 55,
Flexibility, elasticity, and slimyness tend to deteriorate. for that reason,
Breathable leathers manufactured by conventional methods have a short life.

[0005]

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to prevent invasion of dirt and moisture without deteriorating the feel of leather and the goodness of natural fibers, and to reduce the risk of fat in the leather manufacturing process. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing breathable leather in which fat which has been greased and infiltrated into leather fibers does not easily escape from the leather fibers.

[0006]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a needle is inserted obliquely from one side of the leather, and the leather is slanted and slanted. A hole forming process for forming a hole is performed.

[0007] The term "leathers" in the present specification means not only natural leather of various animals such as cows, pigs and deer, but also those obtained by laminating a coating film or an elastomer layer on the surface of these natural leathers.
Synthetic leather, vinyl leather, and artificial leather in which a fabric such as a nonwoven fabric or an elastomer layer is laminated are also included.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the method for producing a breathable leather according to the first aspect, inclined pores are formed along the pore direction of the leather.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing leather comprising a preparation step, a tanning step, and a finishing step for raw leather, wherein the leathers immediately before painting or rolling in the finishing step. In the method, a hole is formed by the means.

[0010] The "preparation step" in the present specification means that the raw hide is immersed in water, backed, depilated / lime-sunk, divided, excreted,
This is a preparation process up to the tanning process, in which re-liming, demineralization and fermentation are performed. The "tanning step" differs depending on the tanning method. In the case of chrome tanning, it is a step of subjecting the skin after the preparation step to acid pickling, chrome tanning, water drawing, shaving, retanning, and the like. Furthermore, the "finishing process" differs depending on the tanning method and finishing method, but for the leather after tanning,
Neutralization, dyeing, grease, water squeezing / setting, drying, flavoring, staking, upholstery / drying, paint finishing / glazing, tsubo, etc., and finishing the tanned leather into the final product. .

The operation of the above means will be described below. In the method for producing breathable leather according to the means of claim 1,
Since oblique pores are formed in the leather, the openings of the pores for breathability are small, and the other side of the leather cannot be seen through the pores. Therefore, the pores provided for ensuring the air permeability are not conspicuous, and the texture of the leather and the goodness of the natural fibers are not reduced. In addition, since the pores for air permeability are made into pores, the fibers around the formed pores are frayed, and the frayed fibers act as a kind of filter, so that dirt and moisture directly enter Can be reduced. Further, since fine holes are formed in the leather by inserting a needle, the fine pores are formed so as to be pushed away without breaking the fiber structure or the like in the base material of the leather.
Therefore, the strength of the leather does not decrease.

In the method for producing breathable leather according to the second aspect, since the pores are formed along the pore direction of the leather, damage to the fiber structure of the leather can be further reduced. . In addition, when viewed from the surface of the leather, the pores formed along the pore direction in this way look like pores and do not reduce the texture of the leather.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a breathable leather, wherein the perforating process according to the first or second aspect is incorporated into a process for producing a natural leather to produce a breathable natural leather. is there. Since this natural leather has a fibrous structure such as a nipple layer and a net-like layer, pores formed by piercing a needle into the natural leather are shaped like pipe-like cavities that have displaced the fibrous structure. Therefore, a mesh layer or the like that forms the inner wall of the pores according to the above-mentioned fraying acts as a filter, and it is possible to reduce the invasion of dirt, dust, moisture, and the like. In addition, the pores of the filter can appropriately balance air permeability and heat retention. Furthermore, since the pores for air permeability are oblique and thin, the oil component that has penetrated the leather fibers in the greasing step can be prevented from falling out of the pores,
Deterioration of flexibility, elasticity and slimy feeling can be prevented. The reason why the finishing process is performed is to prevent pores formed in the preparation process and the tanning process from being crushed.

[0014]

1 to 4 show several embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of general natural leather, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a breathable leather manufactured using the method for manufacturing a breathable leather according to this embodiment. a) is an example in which pores 11 are formed from the front surface side of the leather. The pores 11 stop at the mesh layer 3 and do not penetrate, whereas (b) is a leather using the back surface such as a back skin. This is an example in which the pores 11 are formed from the side. In this case, the pores 11 are formed to penetrate to the surface. FIG. 3 is a process diagram showing a method for producing a breathable leather according to the embodiment.
(A) is a production process of chrome-silvered leather, (b) is a production process of glass-covered leather, (c) is a production process of soft tanned leather, and (d) is a production process of sole leather. is there.
FIG. 4 is a process chart showing a method of manufacturing a breathable leather according to a different form from the method of manufacturing the breathable leather of FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 1, a general natural leather tissue includes an outermost skin 1, a papillary layer 2 below the outer skin 1,
It consists of a reticulated layer 3 below the papillary layer 2 and a subcutaneous tissue 4 below the reticulated layer 3. The epidermis 1, papillary layer 2 and reticulated layer 3 excluding the subcutaneous tissue 4 are called dermis 5 and used for leather.
Among them, the epidermis 1 and the papillary layer 2 are called a grain surface layer 6 and are used for high-grade products. On the other hand, one obtained by slicing only the reticulated layer 3 into two or three pieces is called floor leather, and is used as a low-grade product by applying a process such as painting to the surface. The general hair 7 grows obliquely from the papillary layer 2 as shown by the imaginary line in FIG. 1, and therefore, the pores 8 excluding the hair 7 open obliquely from the epidermis 1 to the papillary layer 2. The structure of natural leather differs depending on the type of animal. For example, in the case of pig leather, the dermis 5 lacks the reticulated layer 3,
It consists solely of a well-developed papillary layer 2 and bristles penetrate the entire dermis 5. Therefore, the pores 9 of the pig leather correspond to the nipple layer 2.
Will come through.

The method for producing the breathable leather of the present invention is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, pores 11 are formed in the leather 10. The pores 11 are inclined at the same predetermined angle as the pores 8 with respect to the direction perpendicular to the sheet surface of the leathers 10 so as to be parallel to the pores 8 (see FIG. 1) of the leathers 10. . Since the holes for ventilation are formed in the pores 11 and formed obliquely, the openings of the pores 11 on the surface of the leather 10 are small, and the back side cannot be seen through the pores 11. Therefore, the pores 11 are not conspicuous. In the case where the base material 12 of the leather 10 has a fiber structure such as one having the mesh layer 3 (see FIG. 1) or a nonwoven fabric and a coating film 13 laminated on the surface of the base material 12, the fibers around the formed pores may be used. The tissue is frayed, and the frayed layer and the relatively coarse mesh layer 3 and the like serve as a filter, and can prevent dirt, moisture, and the like from entering through the pores 11. The diameter of the pores 11 is 0.1 to 0.5 mm larger and 10 per square cm.
~ 100 are formed. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2A, when the pores 11 are formed from the side of the skin 1 of the leather, the pores 11 penetrate through the nipple layer like the pores 9 of the pig leather described above.
In the case of the leather having the mesh layer 3, the leather is stopped when reaching the mesh layer 3, and the pores 11 are formed without penetrating the back surface.
However, as shown in FIG. 2B, when the pores 11 are formed from the back surface of the leather, the pores 11 reach the skin 1 of the leather and are formed to penetrate.

The formation of the pores 11 depends on the type of the leather 10, the degree of air permeability required for the leather 10, and the leather 10.
It is necessary to adjust according to the manufacturing method. In the case of general leathers 10 such as cowhide, the tip is 0.1 mm and the root is 1.
By piercing a needle having a diameter of 0 mm in diameter. In this operation, a plurality of needles are erected on a roller, and this roller is
It is also possible to perform a continuous drilling operation by turning while contacting the surface.

A method for producing breathable leather in which the step of forming pores 11 is incorporated in the production process of natural leather will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, this method for producing breathable leather performs substantially the same steps as the conventional method of producing leather by performing a preparation step, a tanning step, and a finishing step on a raw leather. However, the hole making steps 14 to 17 for forming the pores 11 in the leather 10 are incorporated in the finishing step. Specifically, in the case of a method for producing chrome-silvered leather (see FIG. 3A), the perforating step 14 is performed after the upholstery leather / drying step, and then the paint finishing / polishing step and the grading step are sequentially performed. Complete with In the case of a method for manufacturing glass-covered leather (see FIG. 3B), the hole making step 15 is performed after the buffing step, and thereafter, the coating finishing step and the grading step are sequentially performed to complete the process. Further, in the case of the method for producing soft tannin leather (see FIG. 3 (c)), the perforating step 16 is performed after the upholstery step, and then the painting finishing step and the grading step are sequentially performed to complete. In the case of the sole leather manufacturing method (see (d) of FIG. 3), the perforating step 17 is performed after the flavoring step, and then the rolling step and the weighing step are sequentially performed to complete the step. In this way, the drilling process 1
The reason why 4 to 17 are applied immediately before finishing in the finishing step is that even if a hole is formed in the early stage of the manufacturing step, the hole is crushed in the preparation step or the tanning step. In addition, when there is a coating finishing step on the leather 10, what is performed after the end of the perforating steps 14 to 17 is
This is because the coating film reinforces the pores 11 and makes them inconspicuous. In addition, the paint finishing step and the repainting finishing step 20 include at least three layers of coating using an emulsion type paint, that is, undercoating, intermediate coating,
Overcoat.

As another method for producing breathable leather, as shown in FIG. 4, a coating finishing step is performed once, and a hole forming step 18, a roll finishing step 19, and a repainting finishing step are performed during the final grading step. There is also a method of performing step 20 in order. According to this method, the fine pores 11 are formed by the painting finishing process.
Can be easily formed, the opening of the pores 11 can be made inconspicuous by the roll finishing step 19, and the pores 11 having high strength can be finished by the repainting finishing step 20.

Although the embodiment has been described above, the method for producing the breathable leather according to the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the drilling steps 14 to 17 are not limited to the method of piercing the leather 10 with a needle, and a thin drill-like one may be used. Further, the paint used in the paint finishing step and the repaint finishing step 20 may be a protein-based paint such as casein or a lacquer.

[0021]

As described above, according to the present invention, the openings of the pores on the surface of the leather are small, and the other side of the leather cannot be seen through the pores. In addition, because the feel does not change much,
It does not reduce the texture of leather and the goodness of natural fibers.
Therefore, unlike the conventional method for producing breathable leather, breathability can be ensured while maintaining the texture of leather and the goodness of natural fibers. In addition, the invasion of dirt and moisture directly can be reduced, and the essential function as leathers is not impaired. Further, since the pores are formed without dividing the fiber structure in the base material of the leathers, the strength of the leathers is not reduced. Therefore, the shape of the breathable leather can be prevented from being out of shape and the life can be significantly extended as compared with the conventional method for producing breathable leather.

Further, the damage to the fiber structure of the leathers is smaller than that of the conventional method, and therefore, there is no decrease in strength due to the formation of through holes as in the conventional method of securing air permeability. In addition, the pores formed along the pore direction look like pores, and can further prevent the leather texture from dropping.

Further, the mesh layer or the like forming the pores functions as a filter, thereby reducing the invasion of dirt, dust, moisture and the like. Accordingly, it is suitable for suede-like leather, floor leather, and leather obtained by embossing floor leather and the like. In addition, the pores with a filter such as a mesh layer can appropriately balance air permeability and heat retention. Further, it is possible to prevent the fat content permeated into the leather fibers from leaking out in the greasing step, and to prevent deterioration in flexibility, elasticity and slimy feeling. From this point, it also becomes a factor to extend the life of the breathable leather.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a structure of a general natural leather.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating breathable leather manufactured using the method for manufacturing breathable leather according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a process chart showing a method for producing a breathable leather according to an embodiment of the present invention.
(B) is a process diagram in the case of glass-covered leather, (c) is a case of soft tannin leather, and (d) is a process diagram in the case of sole leather.

FIG. 4 is a process chart showing a method of manufacturing a breathable leather according to a different form from the method of manufacturing the breathable leather of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a conventional method for producing a breathable leather, and FIG. 5 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a breathable leather manufactured by the method of FIG. (C) is a schematic plan view of (b).

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Epidermis 2 Papillary layer 3 Reticulated layer 4 Subcutaneous tissue 5 Dermis 6 Silver surface layer 7 Hair 8 Pores 9 Pores 10 Leathers 11 Pores 12 Base 13 Coating film 14 Hole forming step 15 Hole forming step 16 Hole forming step 17 Hole forming step 18 Hole making process 19 Roll finishing process 20 Repainting finishing process

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing breathable leather, wherein a needle is inserted obliquely from one side of the leather and a perforation process for forming inclined pores is performed on the leather. 2. The method for producing breathable leather according to claim 1, wherein the inclined pores are formed along the pore direction of the leather. 3. A perforation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the method for producing leather comprising a preparation step for a raw leather, a tanning step and a finishing step, the leather immediately before painting or rolling in the finishing step. A process for producing breathable leather, which is characterized by being processed.