JPH11208580A - Float structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an effective wave-absorbing mechanism to prevent a float structure from being forcibly rocked by ocean waves. SOLUTION: A float structure F1 is comprised of a float structure body 4, a small float 5 and a hinge mechanism 6 installed in space between these elements F1 and 4. The float structure body 4 and the small float 5 are connected together in a state that mutual setup positions are relatively made alterable by this hinge mechanism 6. In addition, the float structure F1 is set up on the sea surface toward the direction where the small float 5 receives the direct incident of waves. With the conditions above-mentioned, ant varying wave pressure affected by the ocean waves will merely work on the small float 5 alone, whereby any bending moment will not be transmitted to the float structure body 4 at all.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a floating structure used as an airport, a mooring facility, an artificial island, a waste disposal facility, and the like provided on the sea surface.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Floating structures are structures that provide a relatively large area on the sea surface required for construction of facilities such as airports and artificial islands. This floating structure has many advantages over providing similar facilities on land. For example,
If the floating structure is an airport, there is no need to worry about noise problems. In addition, in principle, facilities can be constructed on an arbitrary area at sea, and there is an advantage that restrictions on land area and land acquisition costs imposed in the case of construction on land can be greatly eased. In addition, the floating structure
Unlike the landfill method generally used when constructing a structure on the sea in the past, it does not require a large amount of earth and sand, and it does not require seawall protection work on the coast adjacent to this structure, It is said that there is a great advantage in construction cost.

[0003] Since the above-mentioned floating structure is installed in a state of being suspended on the sea surface, it is always subjected to the force of waves and is forced to swing. At this time, as shown in FIG. 11, the floating structure A may undergo elastic deformation A ′ due to the waves, and the floating structure A itself and the facilities constructed there may not be structurally functional. This has an undesirable effect on the surface. Incidentally, the elastic deformation A 'in the floating structure A is, as shown in FIG.
When a wave w on the sea surface L is incident on the floating structure A, a large fluctuating wave pressure p acts on the bottom end of the floating structure A, and the motion of the repeatedly incident wave w. This is generated by causing vibration in the natural vibration mode in the entire floating structure A by the interaction.
In addition, a horizontal force is applied to the floating structure A in the direction in which the waves enter so as to drift the floating structure A itself.

[0004] In order to prevent the rocking caused by the waves as described above, the floating structure is generally provided with a wave canceling mechanism. FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 show specific examples of the floating structure provided with the wave canceling mechanism. The wave-breaking mechanism shown in FIG. 12 is provided with a breakwater 1 that reaches below the sea level L on the outer periphery of the floating structure B, and is the most general form. The breakwater 1 prevents the wave from breaking on the sea surface, and prevents the wave from entering the bottom surface of the floating structure B to prevent the wave.

A floating structure C shown in FIG. 13 is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-118292, in which a wave-dissipating beach 2 is provided around the floating structure C and a door 3 is provided. It is assumed that. The waves are absorbed and dissipated by the wave-dissipating beach 2 to prevent the floating structure C from swaying, and the invading seawater is quickly drained to the outside by the door 3.

[0006]

However, in such a wave breaking mechanism, in the floating structure B provided with the breakwater 1 shown first, the progress of the wave entering the bottom surface of the floating structure B is certainly stopped. Although it is possible, construction of the breakwater 1 is required separately from the construction of the floating structure B, so that it can be said that there is a problem in terms of construction cost.

The wave-dissipating beach 2 in the floating structure C
Thus, it can be said that the structure cannot be expected to obtain a sufficient wave-dissipating effect. In addition, especially when a large wave comes, it is constructed above the floating structure C over the wave-dissipating beach 2. We cannot deny the possibility of damaging facilities. In order to cope with this, the publication also discloses an invention in which a breakwater is provided on the floating structure C. It is considered that it is difficult to completely eliminate the above-mentioned concerns because of the structure that calls for (the beach 2).

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an effective wave-breaking mechanism for preventing a floating structure from swinging due to waves in a floating structure. Another object of the present invention is to provide a floating structure having the effective wave-absorbing mechanism and reduced building costs.

[0009]

The present invention adopts the following means to solve the above-mentioned problems. That is, the floating structure according to the present invention includes a floating structure main body that provides a facility construction site on the sea surface, and a small floating body provided around the floating structure main body. The small floating body is engaged by an engaging means which enables each posture to be relatively changed.

[0010] According to this, the floating structure main body and the small floating body are connected by the engagement means capable of changing the attitude of each other, so that, for example, waves travel to the small floating body. When the floating structure is installed as described above, only the small floating body swings under the influence of the wave, and the wave is not exerted on the main body of the floating structure. That is,
At this time, the small floating body plays a role as a wave breaking mechanism. In addition, since the small floating body is provided integrally with the floating structure main body, when building the floating structure, the small floating body and the floating structure main body can be integrally constructed. is there.

[0011] Further, the engagement means is provided with seabed mooring means for mooring and stopping the floating structure main body and the small floating body at a certain point on the sea surface. .

According to this, since the seafloor mooring means is provided between the floating structure main body and the small floating body, the installation order of the floating structure on the sea surface is changed. It becomes possible to use the seabed mooring means, the small floating body, and finally, the floating structure main body. In addition, maintenance work such as replacement of the small floating body having the function of breaking waves can be performed independently of the main body of the floating structure.

Further, in the floating structure according to the present invention, an elastic body is provided between the floating structure main body and the small floating body.

According to this, since the elastic body is provided between the floating body structure main body and the small floating body, when the small floating body largely fluctuates due to the waves as described above, the elastic body is subjected to the fluctuation. Will be compressed accordingly. Also,
At the same time, a reaction force is generated in the elastic body, and deformation occurs. If the relationship between the reaction force and the deformation amount is appropriate, only the small floating body can be affected by the waves as described above, and the floating body structure body is not affected. .

In addition, a bridge plate is provided so as to make a continuous plane between the upper surface of the floating structure main body and the upper surface of the small floating body.

According to this, since the floating structure main body and the small floating body are formed as continuous planes, a plane as an integrated land including the upper surface of the small floating body is provided.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2, reference numeral F1 denotes a floating structure according to the present embodiment, 4 denotes a floating structure main body, 5 denotes a small floating body, 6 denotes a hinge mechanism (engaging means), and 7 denotes a handover plate.

The floating structure main body 4 is, as shown in FIG.
It is a rectangular shape from the viewpoint facing from above. The small floating body 5 is disposed adjacent to one side of the floating structure body 4 as shown in FIGS. This small floating body 5
Is a side mainly receiving the incidence of waves on the sea surface L, that is, an arbitrary side selected according to the installation state of the floating structure F1. Further, the shape of the small floating body 5 is a rectangle having a side having the same length as one side of the floating body structure body 4. By the way, the length X of the other set of sides constituting the rectangle is appropriately set each time according to the situation of waves on the sea surface L where the floating structure F1 is installed. Specifically, it is set in consideration of the topography of the sea area, and the wave conditions that change depending on the installation location such as the Pacific Ocean side, the Sea of Japan side, and the sea in the port.

The floating structure body 4 and the small floating body 5 are shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, they are connected by a hinge mechanism 6. The hinge mechanism 6 is provided on the side surfaces 4a, 5a of the floating structure main body 4 and the small floating body 5 facing each other.
Protruding pieces 6a, 6a provided on the
6a and a pin 6b which engages with the pin 6b. The structure of the floating structure body 4 and the small floating body 5 can be relatively changed by the hinge mechanism 6. Specifically, the small floating body 5 is in a state where it can rotate in the vertical direction about the engaging portion by the pin 6b.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a transfer plate 7 is provided between the floating structure main body 4 and the small floating body 5 so as to cover the hinge mechanism 6 from above. Both ends of the transfer plate 7 are respectively engaged with the upper surface of the floating structure main body 4 and the upper surface of the small floating body 5 via a hinge (not shown) or the like.
This engagement does not hinder the rotational movement of the small floating body 5 described above. Due to the transfer plate 7, the floating structure main body 4 and the small floating body 5 have a continuous upper surface.

Hereinafter, the floating structure F1 having the above-described structure will be described.
The operation and effect of the above will be described. The incidence of the waves w on the sea surface L is performed on the small floating body 5 as shown in FIG. At this time, the fluctuating wave pressure p acts on the small floating body 5 as described with reference to FIG. However, the fluctuating wave pressure p is generated between the small floating body 5 and the floating structure body 4.
The presence of the substantial break serves mainly as a bending moment M for the small floating body 5. The small floating body 5 is connected to the floating structure main body 4 by a hinge mechanism 6 that is allowed to rotate in the vertical direction. As described above, the small floating body 5 rotates vertically according to the height of the wave height, as shown in FIG. 4, and absorbs the energy of the wave. Therefore, the incident wave w
Almost all of the energy is absorbed by the fluctuation of the small floating body 5, so that the floating structure main body 4 does not swing.

Further, since the bridge plate 7 is provided between the floating structure main body 4 and the small floating body 5, both (4, 4)
The upper plane of 5) can be used integrally, and the land provided by the floating structure F1 can be effectively used.

In addition, since the small floating body 5 is integrally provided on one side of the floating structure main body 4 as described above, the small floating body 5 is integrally formed in the construction of the floating body structure F1 itself. Construction can be performed, and the construction cost can be kept low.

Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following description, the reference numerals in the drawings used in the above-described first embodiment will not be described as to the same object in the present embodiment. 5 and 6, reference numeral F2 denotes a floating structure, 10 denotes a cell type fender (elastic body), and 11 denotes a rubber chain (engaging means).

The cell type fender 10 is made of a material such as hard rubber and has a substantially cylindrical shape. At both ends in the axial direction, a large diameter portion 10a
Is provided. The cell type fender 10 has one end adhered to the side surface 4 a of the floating structure main body 4, and the other end is disposed so as to be in contact with the side surface 5 a of the small floating body 5. In addition, this cell type fender 1
Numerals 0 are arranged in the thickness direction of the floating structure main body 4 so as to be vertically arranged in two rows.

The cell type fender 10 has characteristics as shown in FIG. 7 with respect to the reaction force and the amount of deformation generated when receiving a compressive force in the axial direction. That is, a reaction force smaller than a certain value R is generated by the cell type fender 1.
When it occurs at zero, the amount of deformation increases substantially in proportion to the reaction force, whereas when the reaction force reaches a value R, the amount of deformation increases rapidly. Things. When the reaction force exceeds the value R, the deformation amount and the reaction force have a proportional relationship again while maintaining the large deformation amount D.

The rubber chain 11 is obtained by sealing the chain 11a with a pipe-shaped rubber cylinder 11b, and is provided for connecting the floating structure main body 4 and the small floating body 5. That is, one end of the rubber chain 11 is connected to the side surface 4 a of the floating structure main body 4, and the other end is connected to the side surface 5 a of the small floating body 5. At this time, the rubber cylinder 11b of the rubber chain 11 plays the role of a spring, guaranteeing a relative change in the posture of the two (4, 5), and at the same time, relaxing the movement.

By the way, in the form in which the cell type fender 10 and the rubber chain 11 as described above form a connecting portion between the floating structure main body 4 and the small floating body 5,
The distance between the two (4, 5) is preferably as small as possible. Also in the above embodiment, the transfer plate 7 as described in the first embodiment is provided, and the upper planes of the floating structure main body 4 and the small floating body 5 are integrated.

The operation and effect of the floating structure F2 having the above-described structure will be described below. First, similarly to the first embodiment, the incidence of waves on the sea surface L is performed on the small floating body 5. The small floating body 5 fluctuates due to the incidence of the waves, but in the second embodiment, this fluctuation compresses the cell type fender 10, and the reaction force generated at that time is applied to the small floating body 5. You will resist. Hereinafter, the behavior of the cell-type fender 10 at this time will be described by dividing into two examples of a case where the wave height is relatively low and a case where the wave height is relatively high.

When the wave height is relatively low, the compression of the cell type fender 10 is small and the reaction force and deformation amount are small, so that the fluctuation of the small floating body 5 is suppressed. in this case,
As shown in FIG. 8, the force P is transmitted from the small floating body 5 and the cell-type fender 10 to the floating structure main body 4, but causes a large-scale fluctuation due to the small wave height. It doesn't matter, it doesn't matter.

When the wave height is relatively large, the cell type fender 10 is greatly compressed, and the reaction force generated thereby reaches the value R in FIG. Therefore, in this case, the deformation amount of the cell type fender 10 rapidly increases, and as shown in FIG. 9, shrinkage S occurs, and the small floating body 5 swings while completely riding on the waves. At this time, if the characteristics of the cell type fender are set so that the deformation amount corresponding to the shrinkage S is equal to or less than the point D in FIG. 7, the large floating body 5 is allowed to swing. The force P transmitted to the main body 4, that is, the bending moment M can be limited to a constant value.

In summary, the following effects can be obtained in the floating structure F2. That is, when the wave height is relatively low, the swing of the small floating body 5 can be restrained by the action of the cell type fender 10 and the swing can be reduced. Considering this and the fact that the connecting plate 7 is provided and the upper plane of the small floating body 5 can be used, the upper plane of the small floating body 5 has more effective value as a facility construction site, and The functional aspect of the structure F2 can be improved. In addition, by restraining the swing of the small floating body 5, the force is also transmitted to the floating body structure main body 4, but this is not a problem because the wave height is small as described above.

When the wave height is relatively high, the cell type fender 10 reduces the bending moment M transmitted to the floating structure main body 4 to a constant value by swinging only the small floating body 5 in reverse. The floating structure main body 4 is kept from swinging. This makes it possible to provide a highly functional marine site.

Hereinafter, a third embodiment according to the present invention will be described. In FIG. 10, reference numeral F3 denotes a floating structure, 12 denotes a seabed mooring means, 12a denotes a mooring dolphin, 1
2b is a fixed leg, and G is a sea bottom. The cell type fender 10 and the rubber chain 11 are as described in the second embodiment.

The seabed mooring means 12 includes a mooring dolphin 12a provided between the small floating body 5 and the floating structure main body 4,
The mooring dolphin 12a is provided at the bottom of the mooring dolphin 12a and includes fixed legs 12b reaching the sea bottom G. In the mooring dolphin 12a, two rubber chains 11 are provided at both upper ends, and the floating structure main body 4 is connected to one rubber chain 11 and the small floating body 5 is connected to the other. In other words, the floating structure main body 4 and the small floating body 5 are connected to each other by the rubber chain 11 with the mooring dolphin 12a therebetween. In addition, mooring dolphin 12
Cell type fenders 10 are adhered to both side surfaces of “a”. Therefore, the cell type fender 10 is arranged in the two gaps between the mooring dolphin 12a and the floating structure body 4 and between the mooring dolphin 12a and the small floating body 4. In addition, it is assumed that the transfer plate 7 is also installed in the third embodiment.

In the floating structure F3 having the above-described structure, since the cell type fender 10 and the rubber chain 11 are used, the wave canceling effect obtained in the floating structure F2 according to the second embodiment is obtained. Similar effects can be enjoyed. That is, the swing of the floating structure main body 4 can be suppressed.

In addition to this, in the third embodiment, since the seabed mooring means 12 is provided, the following advantages are obtained in the work of actually installing the floating structure F3 on the sea surface L. Can be obtained. That is, in the third embodiment, first, the seabed mooring means 12
By performing the work of installing the small floating body 5, a calm area of waves is formed on the sea surface L behind the small floating body 5. Therefore, the installation work of the floating structure body 4 is
Since the operation can be performed in the calm area of the waves, it is possible to enhance the safety of the working environment.

Further, it is considered that the small floating body 5 is directly damaged by the waves, and is thus greatly damaged. Therefore, it is considered that periodic maintenance work is required. Maintenance and replacement work can be easily performed.

The supplementary items of each embodiment described above will be described. First, in all the embodiments (floating body structures F1, F2, F3), the configuration in which the small floating body 5 having the function of wave extinction is provided on only one side of the floating body main body 4 has been described. The present invention is not particularly limited in this regard. For example, the small floating body 5 may be provided on all sides of the floating structure body 4 in all four directions. In addition, although the small floating body 5 has a rectangular shape when viewed from above, the small floating body 5 may be divided into a plurality of small floating bodies having a square shape, and a plurality of small floating bodies may be arranged. Furthermore, the floating structure main body 4 does not need to be square when viewed from above,
For example, it may be triangular or circular. In such a case, it goes without saying that the small floating body 5 is also provided in a form corresponding thereto.

In the first and second embodiments,
Although the configuration in which the seabed mooring means 12 described in the third embodiment is provided is not adopted, there is no problem in providing the seabed mooring means 12 in the first and second embodiments. In particular, in the second embodiment, the seabed mooring means 1 described in the third embodiment
It can be said that the form in which 2 is provided is rather a normal form.

Furthermore, the present invention does not particularly limit the number of cell type fenders 10 and rubber chains 11 installed in the second and third embodiments. That is, the side surface 4 where the floating structure main body 4 and the small floating body 5 face each other.
It is sufficient that the cell type fender 10 and the rubber chain 11 are provided on the a and 5a at appropriate intervals and at appropriate numbers.

[0042]

As described above, the floating structure according to the present invention is provided between the main body of the floating structure and the small floating body with the engagement means capable of relatively changing the respective postures. Therefore, if the floating structure is installed so that the waves travel directly on the small floating body, only the small floating body swings under the influence of the waves, and the wave does not affect the floating structure main body. . More specifically, as described in the first embodiment, since the fluctuating wave pressure of the wave acts only on the small floating body, the bending moment exerted on the floating structure is not transmitted to the floating structure main body. Becomes That is, the small floating body plays a role as a wave breaking mechanism.
As a result, it is possible to provide an extremely high-performance floating structure that hardly makes the facility installed on the upper surface of the floating structure main body and the people who work there feel the shaking. In addition, since the small floating body is provided integrally with the floating structure body, when the floating structure according to the present invention is built on the sea surface, both the small floating body and the floating structure main body are used. Can be integrally constructed, and the construction cost can be kept low.

Further, since the engaging means for engaging the floating structure main body with the small floating body is provided with a seabed mooring means, the work for installing the floating structure on the sea surface is not required. The order of installation can be the seabed mooring means, the small floating body, and the floating structure main body. This means that the floating body main body can be installed in a calm area formed by the installation of the seafloor mooring means and the small floating body. Therefore, the safety of the work of installing the floating structure can be improved, and the efficiency of the work can be improved. In addition, small floating bodies that are directly affected by the waves require maintenance work such as periodic replacement, but this maintenance work can be performed independently of the floating structure body 4 Becomes Therefore, it can be said that the floating structure of the present invention is a floating structure having extremely high workability.

Further, in a floating structure in which an elastic body is provided between the floating structure main body and the small floating body, when the small floating body largely fluctuates due to the waves as described above, the elastic body responds to the fluctuation. It will be compressed. At the same time, a reaction force is generated in the elastic body, and deformation occurs. If the relationship between the reaction force and the amount of deformation is appropriate, only the small floating body can be affected by the waves as described above. Specifically, as described in the second embodiment, when the reaction force reaches a certain value, an elastic body that rapidly increases the deformation amount is used, and when the wave height is small, the small floating body and the floating body are used. When the structure main body is rocked together and the wave height is large, only the small floating body can be rocked greatly. Therefore, the floating structure which does not swing can be provided by this.

Lastly, since a bridge plate is provided between the floating structure and the small floating body so as to form a continuous plane, the upper surface of the small floating body is provided in the floating structure according to the present invention. Thus, a flat surface as an integrated land including the land is provided. In other words, it is possible to construct some facilities on the upper surface of the small floating body, and it is possible to provide a more functional floating structure in that the usable land area is increased.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a floating structure according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing the floating structure according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing the operation of the floating structure according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing an operation of the floating structure according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a front view showing a floating structure according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a side view showing a floating structure according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing characteristics of the cell type fender according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a side view showing an operation of the floating structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a side view showing the operation of the floating structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a side view showing a floating structure according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing that a floating structure undergoes elastic deformation due to waves.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged side sectional view showing a conventional floating body structure and a wave breaking mechanism.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged side sectional view showing a conventional floating structure and a wave-eliminating mechanism which are different from those of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 4 Floating structure main body 5 Small floating body 6 Hinge mechanism (engaging means) 7 Transfer plate 10 Cell type fender (elastic body) 11 Rubber chain (engaging means) 12 Submarine mooring means 12a Mooring dolphin 12b Fixed legs F1, F2, F3 Floating structure

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A floating structure main body for providing a facility construction site on the sea surface, and a small floating body provided around the floating structure main body, wherein the floating structure main body and the small floating body are provided. And a floating structure which is engaged by an engagement means capable of relatively changing each posture. 2. The underwater mooring means for mooring and stopping the floating structure main body and the small floating body at a certain point on the sea surface is provided in the engaging means. The floating structure as described. 3. The floating structure according to claim 1, wherein an elastic body is provided between the floating structure main body and the small floating body. 4. A bridge plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein a connecting plate is provided so as to provide a continuous plane between the upper surface of the floating structure main body and the upper surface of the small floating body. 3. The floating structure according to 1.