JPH1118566A - Culture soil for plant culture and chip - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a mat or block for plant culturing, capable of improving resistance to environmental contamination, rooting property, growing property of root without discharging applied water and fertilizer by molding materials for mat with a binder not containing a surfactant. SOLUTION: Materials for mat are molded by using a binder (e.g. epoxy- based resin or urethane-based resin) such as a thermoplastic and thermosetting and room temperature-curable binder and/or solvent-solubilized binder, without containing a surfactant such as a surfactant having surface tension lowering by >=10 dyne cm<-1> in 0.1% aqueous solution or suspension at 20 deg.C. Furthermore, one or more materials selected from natural bark, peat-moss and mineral substance having short fiber-like or granular shape are preferably used as main materials for mat.

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a mat for plant cultivation molded with a binder not containing a surfactant that suppresses rooting of plants,
Mainly used for hydroponics. Combustion ash is mixed with immortal bark and used for cultivation for plant cultivation, and is also used for a Baba training course. [Prior art] Conventional mats for plant cultivation are prepared by selecting a binder containing a surfactant, such as rockle or coconut hull, a synthetic rubber-based emulsion based on water, and propane.
It heat-molds using many fuels such as oil. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Although water has the merit of not harming plants, a high-molecular adhesive having a strong binding force is always based on water in the name of many emulsifiers and suspension stabilizers. Contains surfactant. Surfactants, which are called phytotoxicity, destroy plant cells, have an adverse effect on germination and rooting, and are not preferred as plant cultivation mats. The present invention is a method for producing a plant cultivation mat at low cost without using a surfactant that harms plants, and by taking a multi-layered structure, the applied water. 100% water fertilizer without dripping fertilizer and without polluting environment with closed system
It is intended to be used. [Means for Solving the Problems] To achieve the above object, the novel plant cultivation mat of the present invention, as a result of intensive research, has overturned the common sense of adhesives using water as a solvent, and does not use water. Without using emulsifiers and suspending agents, which are a type of surfactant that harms plants, it is a resin that can be cured at room temperature.
The present invention has been completed by researching a plant cultivation mat having a multilayered structure without requiring specific equipment at low cost. Epoxy-based and urethane-based resins can be used as room-temperature-curable resins, and the amount of the resin greatly varies depending on the purpose of use. In the case of ordinary mats and blocks for hydroponics, the amount is 5 to 20 parts with respect to the pulverized natural bark, and in the case of molded products for plug seedlings, sufficient strength is obtained with 2 to 7 parts. There is no restriction on the main material of the soil for mat blocks and plug seedlings. Usually, seedlings are vulnerable to and vulnerable to pests, and therefore, as a specific bark capable of suppressing these pests, cedar, hinoki and cypress are preferable. Further, the addition of combustion ash, which enhances water retention and fertilizing power, and at the same time, gives a mineral component, gives more favorable results to plant cultivation. [Action] Since the novel plant cultivation mat constructed as described above does not contain any surfactants, it does not cause any germination disorders even when various seeds are sown, and has an adverse effect on rooting inhibition. Also does not appear. In addition, since no water with extremely high specific heat is used at all, huge energy is not required for drying and hardening, and the bark of cedar, hinoki, hiba, eucalyptus, and coconut palm does not rot the mat and has the advantage that it can be used for many years. And cultivation of healthy plants such as tomatoes for many years. Furthermore, according to the present invention, since the manufacturing process is simple, a mat for plant cultivation having a shape matching the intended use can be molded.
In particular, a urethane-based isocyanate resin has an advantage of sucking an appropriate amount of water required by a plant due to a capillary phenomenon. If the bottom of the groove provided for planting the seedlings is semicircular, inverted conical, or streak-shaped, it is easy to store water and supply air to the root, and a nutrient cultivation mat with good viability can be obtained. In the case of conventional mats, water containing excess fertilizer is drained because it has caused root rot and salt damage, and sometimes cultivation mats are washed with water and released or drained out of the greenhouse, polluting rivers and groundwater. I was Today, there is no good way to dispose of waste bark and combustion ash, and it has opened up a way to recycle those that have become a social problem as industrial waste, enabling eco-friendly plant cultivation methods with less pesticides and fertilizers. did. However, in the mat according to the present invention, the upper part of the mat mainly used for growing plants uses fine fiber moss, and the lower part mainly absorbs water from below. Nutrient cultivation is possible with a complete closed system. Therefore, since the fertilizer can be completely used without releasing the fertilizer solution, the fertilizer can be saved, and an epoch-making nutrient solution cultivation that does not pollute the environment can be performed. This is the name of the roof garden, even in the city, soybeans and tomatoes. melon.
Amateur cultivation of fruit and vegetables such as watermelon is possible, and the elderly. A plant cultivation mat or block that can be cultivated even by a physically handicapped person can be provided. Example 1 To 100 parts of hinoki bark pulverized, 2 parts of Al-cement pulverized product was mixed, and 5.5 parts of room-temperature-curable urethane resin was added while mixing with a cement mixer. It is placed in a frame having a size of 10 cm, a height of 8 cm, and a length of 45 cm, slightly pressed, left at room temperature for 12 hours, and molded into a sowing block and a hydroponic mat. Example 2 A room temperature-curable urethane resin was added to 100 parts of cedar bark coarsely pulverized (including 70% fiber length of 2 to 5 cm).
Five parts are added while stirring with a pony mixer, and a part thereof is used to mold Mat-B having a width of 8.5 cm, a height of 2 cm and a length of 40 cm. Finely crushed cedar bark (fiber length 1c
80% or less. 6.5 parts of a room temperature-curable urethane resin was added to 100 parts of the mixture while stirring with a pony mixer, and a part of the mixture was used to leave a 8.5 cm wide, 5 cm high and 40 cm long mat-A at room temperature. Mold in time.
The mat-B is placed below for sucking water, and the mat-A is overlaid thereon to form a mat for hydroponics, and a tomato seedling is planted in the mat A part. Example-3 To 100 parts of coarsely ground cedar bark (containing 60% fiber length of 3 to 6 cm) was added 5.2 parts of a room temperature-curable epoxy resin while stirring with a cement mixer, and a part thereof was used. 3cm in width 7cm, length 40cm, height 8cm
Add only cm. For the remaining 5 cm, 7 parts of wood ash are added to 100 parts of finely ground cedar bark (containing 50% of fiber length of 0.5 cm or less), and a room temperature-curable epoxy resin 6.
Two parts were added with stirring with a cement mixer, and a part of the mixture was used to mold a hydroponic cultivation mat having a total height of 8 cm, and melon seedlings were planted. Taking the structure of FIG.
Cultivate melons with applied water and fertilizer. Example-4 As described in Claim (9), the shape of the mat molded in Example-1 was molded into a semicircular or streak-shaped mold at the bottom of the groove for planting, and A mat for cultivation is used, and tomato seedlings are planted. Example-5 Cucumber seedlings are planted on a hydroponic mat in which the cedar bark of Example-2 is changed to eucalyptus bark. Example -6 A green pepper seedling is planted on a mat for hydroponics in which the cypress bark of Example 1 is changed to coconut palm. Example -7 Tomato seedlings are planted on Aomori Hiba mat in which the cedar bark of Example 1 is changed to Aomori Hiba bark. Example-8 30 parts of cedar bark crushed to a size containing 70% of 2 mm or less were mixed with 5 parts of coal ash, mixed with 70 parts of commercially available seedling cultivation soil (Kureha cultivation soil), and rice seeds were mixed. The seedling cultivation soil to be sown. Example-9 50 parts of crushed Hiba bark crushed to a size containing 80% of 5 mm or less was mixed with 50 parts of commercially available seedling cultivation soil to prepare soil for raising seedlings. Example-10 A cedar bark was crushed to about 1 cm, laid in a paddy field, rice seedlings were planted, fertilized and irrigated to grow rice. Example-11 To 100 parts of commercially available plug seedling cultivation (Yanmar cultivation), room-temperature-curable urethane resin (Takenate F-135, Takerac P-32TH, 2: 1 mixture) was thoroughly mixed, and filled in a plug seedling case. After hardening at room temperature, planted plug seedling cultivated soil to plant Chinese cabbage seeds and sweet potato seedlings Example-12 100 parts of cedar bark crushed to about 0.5 cm, 5 parts of plant ash added, and 10 cm depth -Make a groove 20cm wide, put it in a vinyl sheet, plant tomatoes, irrigate and fertilize with pipes, prevent contact with natural soil, and cultivate fruits and vegetables that do not cause continuous cropping failure (conventional Technology) To crushed Japanese cedar bark, 100 parts of neoprene emulsion polymerization type resin was added to crushed bark with mixing with a cement mixer, and a part thereof was used for 10 cm width, 8 cm height and length. 4
Put in a frame of 5 cm in size and put it in a hot air dryer at 110 ° C for 60
The mixture is hardened and molded to form a mat for hydroponics. Example-13 Cedar bark was cut into chips of 0.5 to 1.5 cm,
The soil is used for orchid cultivation. Example -14 A mixture of Example A-13 and Aomori Hiba bark cut into chips of 0.5 to 1.5 cm in an amount of about 30% is blended to obtain soil for orchid cultivation. Example -15 A bark of cedar was cut into a size of 1 to 3 cm, and the cut bark was laid on a training ground for training a competitive horse. Example -16 Aomori Hiba bark and Aomori Hiba wood were used for hardwood chips 1 to 3c.
Cut to m and mix about 30% to make a hard-to-rotate racehorse wood chip training course. 4. Effects of the Invention Since the present invention is constituted as described above, it has the following effects (1) Germination rate and healthy seedling rate Table 1 Germination rate and healthy seedling rate ○ Bud test method Drill a hole of about 5 mm depth in the center of the seeding block, sow one seed of each seed, cover the hole, and place in a greenhouse at 20 ° C.
After a day, the germination rate and the healthy seedling rate were determined as a measure of whether the seedlings were growing healthy. The number of repetitions was 50 blocks. ○ It was found that the product of the present invention had no adverse effect on plants, and the germination rate and the healthy seedling rate were extremely excellent. (2) Rooting rate and root viability ○ Rooting test method Select 20 blocks that became healthy seedlings in the germination test, planted them on cultivation mats, and fertilized them (N25, P10, K
15) 2 cm of bottom water in water diluted to 1000 times water, cultivated in a greenhouse at 25 ° C for 2 months, and investigated the growth status,
The growth rate of the roots was also investigated at the same time as the survival rate of those that grew well. ○ The product of the present invention was remarkably excellent in rooting performance and root growth.

Claims (1)

Claims: (1) A mat for plant cultivation molded with a binder not containing a surfactant, or a block (2) A surfactant containing a surfactant at 20 ° C. and a 0.1% aqueous solution or a water suspension. The tension is 10 dyne. The plant cultivation mat or block according to claim 1, which is a surfactant that reduces cm ^-1 or more. (3) The mat or block for plant cultivation according to (1), wherein the binder not containing a surfactant is a thermoplastic / thermosetting / room temperature curable and one or solvent-solubilizing binder. (4) The mat or block for plant cultivation according to (1), wherein the main ingredient of the mat is at least one arbitrarily selected from natural bark, peat moss, and mineral substances that do not limit the form of short fibers or granules. . (5) The mat or block for plant cultivation according to (1), wherein the natural bark is made of at least one of crushed cedar, hinoki, hiba eucalyptus, and coconut husks. (6) In the natural bark, bark of cedar, hinoki, hiba and eucalyptus, and coconut shell or peat moss vermiculite.
The mat block for nutrient solution cultivation and the cultivation soil for Bragg seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the mat is made of a resin which is at least one of pearlite and a main material and is hardened at room temperature. (7) The plant-cultivating plant according to (1), wherein an epoxy resin or a urethane resin is used as a cold-curable binder, and the natural bark is at least one selected from cedar, hinoki, hiba and coconut shell. Mats and blocks. (8) The mat or block for plant cultivation according to (1), wherein the mat is entirely made of fibers of the same size. (9) A multi-layer structure using fine moss fibers in the upper part and coarse moss fibers in the lower part soaked in water may be integrally molded or separately molded and used at the time of use. The mat and block for plant cultivation according to the above). (10) The shape of the mat may be a flat top, or a semi-circular, streak-like, or inverted-conical shape may be added to the bottom of the groove provided in the planting area to facilitate supply of water and air to the root. The mat or block for plant cultivation according to claim 1. (11) As natural bark, one or more barks of cedar, hinoki and cypress are pulverized, and 5 to 100
% For the purpose of raising seedlings. (12) As natural bark, crushing at least one bark of cedar, hinoki and hiba, planting rice seeds or rice seedlings, and cultivating soil for cultivation of upland rice or paddy rice. (13) Simplified nutrient solution cultivation in which at least one bark of cedar, hinoki and cypress is crushed as a natural bark and put in a sheet or a frame, and cultivated while avoiding contact with natural soil. (14) An immortalized wood chip which is obtained by cutting at least one bark of Japanese cedar, hinoki and hiba into chips as natural bark, and laying it on a cultivation soil for plant cultivation and training courses for racehorses. (15) Claims (5), (11) and (12) containing combustion ash.
(13) Those described in (14). (16) The ash obtained by burning animals, plants, coal and oil. (17) The mat or block chip for plant cultivation according to any one of claims (1) to (15), wherein the system is a closed system in which water containing fertilizer applied for plant cultivation is not drained out of the system for plant cultivation. Hydroponic system. (18) Natural wood bark, and one or more barks of cedar, cypress and cypress cut into bar-shaped chips to be used as cultivation soil.