JPH11180490A - Structure of hopper part for silo or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make flow-down speed of powdery/granular body at a horizontal section almost uniform. SOLUTION: A hopper part 3 in a reversed conical shape having a powdery/ granular body discharge port 4 at its lower end is provided at the lower end of a main body part 1 in a cylindrical shape having a powdery/granular body supply port 2 at its upper part, and the inside of the hopper part 3 is divided into three flow passages 7, 8 and 9 with partition plates 5 and 6 each in a reversed conical shape provided in the hopper part, and then the ratio of the sectional area at the upper end to the sectional area at the lower end is made equal to all of the flow passages 7, 8 and 9. With powdery/granular body supplied from the supply port 2 into the main body part 1, the powdery/granular body flows down at almost the same speed through each of the flow passages 7, 8 and 9 and is discharged out of the discharge port 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the structure of a hopper for a silo, a heat exchanger, a reactor, etc., for handling powdery and granular materials.
In particular, the present invention relates to a structure of a hopper such as a silo, a heat exchanger, and a reactor, which can make a flow velocity of a granular material in a horizontal section substantially uniform.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, silos for storing powders and granules are generally a vertical cylindrical main body having a supply port for powders at an upper portion, and a reverse portion having a discharge port for powders at a lower end. Those having a conical hopper are often used.

The hopper is necessary for providing a small-diameter discharge portion to a large-diameter main body portion. When discharging stored granules, the granules remain inside. The shape is inverted conical so that it can be completely drained.

[0004] The powdery granules fed into the silo from the supply port are stacked in substantially the same order as they are fed, although the upper surface has a mountain shape. Therefore, when the powder is discharged from the discharge port at the lower end of the hopper, it seems that the powder is discharged in the order in which the powder is charged, but this is not the case.

[0005] The reason for this is that the flow speed of the granular material inside the silo at the time of discharge is not uniform in the horizontal cross section, and the flow becomes faster as the portion is closer to the axis and gentler as the portion is farther. .

In the hopper and the main body near the hopper, the difference in the flow velocity becomes very large, and the flow is often concentrated near the axis. The cause of the non-uniform velocity distribution is considered as follows.

In the hopper, in order for the powder to flow uniformly, it is necessary to accompany the flow toward the axis. At this time, considering the powders on the same circumference centered on the axis, the flow toward the axis must be uniform. However, it is impossible to flow in a direction to reduce the circumference while maintaining the same circumference.

That is, it can be considered that it is physically impossible for the powder to flow uniformly in the hopper. Therefore, in the actual discharge, it is considered that mainly the powder directly above the discharge port is discharged, and at the same time, the powder surrounding the powder is discharged irregularly.

[0009] A flow in which the flow rate of the granular material in the horizontal section is not uniform is called a funnel flow.
In the funnel flow, the powder is discharged with irregular mixing.

[0010] On the other hand, a flow in which the flow rate of the granular material in the horizontal cross section is uniform, or a flow that can be realized is close to the flow is called a piston flow. In piston flow,
The granules are discharged in the order in which they are introduced without mixing.
And when discharging a granular material from the inside of a silo, a piston flow is often required.

It is not only storage silos that require piston flow. For example, in a vertical multi-tubular heat exchanger, there is a case where the powder and granules are supplied to the inside of the pipe and a heat medium is supplied outside the pipe to continuously heat and cool the powder and granules.

In the heat exchanger, it is desirable that the powders and granules flow down uniformly in all the pipes. Therefore, a run-up section is provided at the upper and lower portions of the heat exchanger. The shape is as if it were fitted.

In order for the powder to be discharged at a uniform temperature, the piston flow must have a uniform flow rate at the heat exchange portion.

As described above, in an industrial operation for handling powder and granules, a piston flow is often required.
Several methods have been proposed to achieve this.

Since the funnel flow is caused by the difficulty of the flow of the granular material in the hopper portion, it is preferable that the structure of the hopper portion be a structure in which the granular material easily flows.
For example, it has been proposed to reduce the apex angle of the hopper.

JP-A-8-164993 discloses a method of obtaining a piston flow by, for example, setting the apex angle of a hopper portion of a storage silo to 25 to 35 °.

However, when the apex angle is reduced as described above, the height of the hopper is increased, and accordingly, the height of the gantry and the supply device of the granular material must be increased. Is not preferred.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-230979 discloses an example in which four outlets are provided for one main body and the outlets are simultaneously discharged from each outlet. With this configuration, the apex angle can be reduced with respect to the height of the same hopper portion. Even if the apex angle is not so small,
It is understood that since two streams are generated, a uniform stream is approached.

However, the discharge must be performed simultaneously from the four discharge ports, which complicates the discharge device and is not preferable in terms of operation.

As another means for obtaining the piston flow, there is a method of providing a rectifying member in the hopper. FIG.
Is an inverted conical body having a cylindrical main body 41 having a supply port 42 for powder and granular material at an upper portion thereof, and being integrally provided at a lower end of the main body portion 41 and having a discharge port 44 for powder and granular material at a lower end. A rectifying member 45 formed in a shape in which a conical member and an inverted conical member are provided in a state where the hopper portion 43 has an axis aligned with the inside of the hopper portion 43.
It is equipped with.

FIG. 13 shows a cylindrical main body 51 having a supply port 52 for powdery and granular materials at the top, and a main body 5
1 is provided integrally with the lower end of the hopper 1 and has an inverted conical hopper portion 53 having a discharge port 54 for the granular material at the lower end, and is provided inside the hopper portion 53 with the axes thereof aligned with each other, as shown in FIG. First rectifying member 55 having the same configuration as the first rectifying member 55
And a second rectifying member 56 provided on a concentric circle of the first rectifying member 55 and having a parallelogram-shaped cross section and a ring shape.

Further, FIG. 14 shows a cylindrical main body 61 having a supply port 62 for a powdery or granular material at an upper portion thereof, and is integrally provided at a lower end of the main body portion 61 and a lower end of the powdery or granular material is provided at a lower end. An inverted conical hopper portion 63 having an outlet 64 and a first rectifying member 65 having the same configuration as that shown in FIG. 12 and provided inside the hopper portion 63 with their axes aligned.
13 provided on a concentric circle of the first rectifying member 65.
And a third rectifying member 67 and a fourth rectifying member 68 which are provided on concentric circles of the second rectifying member 66 and have a parallelogram cross section and a ring shape. I have it.

The hopper sections 43, 5
3 and 63, the flow of the granular material is divided into a plurality of flows, and the flow ratio of each of the divided flows is controlled by the hopper portions 43, 53, and 63.
If it is made equal to the ratio of the cross-sectional areas at the inlet of the piston, the piston flow will be approached. And it seems that it is preferable to increase the number of shunts.

However, in practice, if the number of divisions is increased, the structure of each divided stream becomes complicated, the number of times of merging increases, and the flow of the powder becomes complicated and difficult to stabilize. It is difficult to make the flow rate ratio of the constant.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and has a simple structure and a structure of a hopper such as a silo which can keep the flow velocity of a granular material in a horizontal section constant. The purpose is to provide.

[0026]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a main body having a vertical axis, a supply port for powdery material at an upper portion, and a lower end of the main body. A hopper portion such as a silo having a discharge port for powder and granular material at the lower end and a hopper portion having a cross-sectional area that gradually decreases from the upper end toward the discharge port while being provided with the axes aligned. In the above structure, a plurality of partition plates are provided inside the hopper to partition the inside of the hopper into a plurality of flow passages, and the ratio of the cross-sectional areas at the upper end and the lower end of each flow passage is equal. Is adopted. In addition, the main body is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the hopper is formed in an inverted conical shape, and the partition plate is configured to be concentric with the hopper side wall in a horizontal cross section. It is. Further, the main body is formed in a rectangular cylindrical shape, and the hopper is formed in an inverted pyramid shape, and the partition plate is configured to be parallel to the hopper side wall in a horizontal cross section. It is.

[0027]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present inventors have continued to study the above three examples in which a rectifying member is provided in the hopper of a silo, but the factors determining the mixing ratio when the flows of the powder and granules merge are described. Could not be determined. Therefore,
A test was conducted in a case where the flows of the powders and granules merged with a device having a simple structure, and the factors that determine the mixing ratio were determined.

A small silo is used as a device, and a partition plate having a simple structure is provided inside the hopper of the silo to divide the flow of the granular material into a plurality of flows, and the flows are divided into lower ends of the hopper. And the mixture was discharged, and the ratio of the flow rate of each branch was examined.

Then, as a result of repeating the test by changing the method of division, the following fact was discovered. 1) If a short pipe is provided below the lower end of the partition plate as a run-up section, the flow speed of each branch flow at the lower end of the partition plate becomes equal. 2) Therefore, if the ratio of the sectional area of each branch at the upper end of the partition plate is equal to the ratio of the sectional area at the lower end of the partition plate,
A uniform flow can be obtained. 3) At this time, it does not matter if the cross-sectional area ratio slightly changes in the middle of the flow passage. It does not matter if there are some obstacles on the way. 4) The approach section needs to be about 1.5 times the inner diameter of the short pipe.

From the above results, the present invention has been achieved. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the structure of a hopper such as a silo according to the present invention.
The structure of the hopper such as a silo has a cylindrical main body 1 having a supply port 2 for powder and granular material at an upper portion, and a discharge port 4 for powder and granular material provided at a lower end of the main body 1 at the lower end. It comprises an inverted conical hopper portion 3 and two inverted conical partition plates 5 and 6 provided inside the hopper portion 3 concentrically with respect to the side wall of the hopper portion 3. Then, the interior of the hopper portion 3 becomes 3 by the two partition plates 5 and 6.
Each of the flow passages 7, 8, 9 has the same sectional area ratio at the upper end and the lower end.

Then, the granular material is supplied into the silo or the like from the supply port 2 at the upper portion of the main body 1 to fill the granular material into the silo or the like, and the discharge port 4 at the lower end of the hopper 3 is provided.
Is opened to discharge the granular material from inside the silo or the like, the granular material flows through each of the flow paths 7, 8, 9 inside the silo or the like, and is discharged from the discharge port 4 to the outside of the silo or the like. Will be.

In this case, since the ratios of the cross-sectional areas of the upper end and the lower end of each of the flow passages 7, 8, and 9 are equal, the flow speed of the granular material in each of the flow passages 7, 8, and 9 should be substantially equal. Can be done. Therefore, when the powders and granules are discharged, the powders and granules are not mixed, and are discharged from the discharge port 4 to the outside of the silo or the like in the order in which they are stacked inside the silo or the like.

In the structure of the hopper such as a silo according to the present embodiment having the above-described configuration, two inverted conical partition plates 5 and 6 are provided inside the inverted conical hopper 3. Since it is only a simple configuration, it can be easily manufactured and an economically advantageous one can be provided. In addition, the factors for achieving the object are very simple, and it is not necessary to consider the size and shape of the hopper 3 or the properties of the granular material in the design. Furthermore, since the granular material only flows through the flow passages 7, 8, and 9 having a simple structure, a strict piston flow can be obtained without any problem even if the number of branches is increased.

In the above description, two partition plates 5 and 6 are provided inside the hopper 3, but three or more partition plates may be provided.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show a second embodiment of the structure of the hopper such as a silo according to the present invention. The structure of the hopper portion such as a silo is composed of a main body portion 11 having a rectangular cylindrical shape having a supply port 12 for powdery material at an upper portion,
1, an inverted pyramid-shaped hopper portion 13 having a discharge port 14 for the granular material at the lower end, and two inverted pylon portions provided inside the hopper portion 13 in parallel with the side wall of the hopper 13. The inside of the hopper portion 13 is divided into three flow passages 17, 18, 19 by the two partition plates 15, 16, and each of the flow passages 17, 18 is provided. , 19 have the same cross-sectional area ratio at the upper end and the lower end.

In this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the ratios of the cross-sectional areas of the upper and lower ends of the flow passages 17, 18, and 19 are equal. As a result, the flow speed of the granular material in each of the flow passages 17, 18, 19 can be made substantially equal. Therefore, when the powders and granules are discharged, the powders and granules do not mix, and are discharged from the discharge port 14 to the outside of the silo or the like in the order in which they are stacked inside the silo or the like.

The simple configuration in which the two inverted tubular partition plates 15 and 16 are provided inside the inverted rectangular tubular hopper portion 13 allows easy manufacture and is economically advantageous. Can be provided. In addition, the factors for achieving the object are extremely simple, and it is not necessary to consider the size and shape of the hopper 13 or the properties of the granular material in the design. Furthermore, since the powder only flows through the flow passages 17, 18, and 19 having a simple structure,
Even if the number of shunts is increased, a strict piston flow can be obtained without any problem.

In the above description, two partition plates 15 and 16 are provided inside the hopper portion 13. However, three or more partition plates may be provided.

FIGS. 7 to 9 show a third embodiment of the structure of a hopper such as a silo according to the present invention. The structure of the hopper portion such as the silo is composed of a main body portion 21 having a rectangular cylindrical shape having a supply port 22 for powdery and granular materials at an upper portion thereof,
An inverted pyramid-shaped hopper section 23 having a discharge port 24 for powder and granular material at the lower end thereof, and a hopper section 23 inside the hopper section 23 parallel to a side wall of the hopper section 23;
And four partition plates 25, 26, 2
7 and 28, and four partition plates 2
The inside of the hopper 23 is divided into nine flow passages 29 to 37 by 5, 26, 27, and 28, and each of the flow passages 29 to 37
The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the upper end and that of the lower end are equal.

In this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the ratio of the cross-sectional area between the upper end and the lower end of each of the flow passages 29 to 37 is equal. As a result, the flow rates of the granular materials in the respective flow passages 29 to 37 can be made substantially equal. Therefore, when the granular material is discharged, the granular material is not mixed, and the granular material stacked in the silo is discharged from the discharge port to the outside of the silo sequentially from the one located below the granular material. become.

The partition plate 2 is placed inside the hopper 23.
Since it is a simple structure in which 5, 26, 27, and 28 are provided in a cross-girder shape, it can be easily manufactured, and an economically advantageous one can be provided. In addition, the factors for achieving the object are very simple, and it is not necessary to consider the size and shape of the hopper 23 or the properties of the granular material in the design. Furthermore, the granules can be passed through a simple flow passage 2
Since the flow only flows through 9 to 37, a strict piston flow can be obtained without any problem even if the number of branches is increased.

In the above description, four partition plates 25, 26, 27 and 28 are provided inside the hopper portion 23. However, five or more partition plates may be provided in a grid pattern. is there.

<Embodiment> FIG. 10 shows an apparatus for continuously heating and cooling a granular material. The structure of the hopper 3 is the same as that shown in the first embodiment. The diameter of the main body 1 is 3650 mm, and the total length from the supply port 2 to the discharge port 4 is 18800 mm.

FIG. 11 shows the results of measuring the temperatures of the point after passing through the heating section and the point after passing through the cooling section in this apparatus. In FIG. 11, the horizontal axis represents the distance from the center of the main body 1, and the vertical axis represents the temperature. The temperature at each point was almost constant, indicating that a piston flow was obtained.

[0046]

According to the present invention, the inside of the hopper is divided into a plurality of flow passages, and the ratio of the cross-sectional area at the upper end and the lower end of each flow passage is made equal. The flow velocity of the granular material in the road can be made substantially equal. Therefore, when discharging the granules, the granules are not mixed, and the granules supplied to the inside of the silo or the like can be discharged from the discharge port to the outside of the silo or the like in the order of supply. You can do it. And since it is a simple structure which provided the partition board of a simple structure inside the hopper part, it can manufacture easily and economically. The factors for achieving the object are also extremely simple, and it is not necessary to consider the size and shape of the hopper, the properties of the powder and the like, and the like in the design. Furthermore, since the powders only flow through the flow passage having a simple structure, even if the number of branches is increased, there is no problem, and an excellent effect such as that a strict piston flow can be obtained can be obtained. It is.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of the structure of a hopper such as a silo according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a structure of a hopper section of a silo or the like according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the temperature distribution at points, although shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of a conventional hopper such as a silo.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the structure of a conventional hopper such as a silo.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the structure of a conventional hopper such as a silo.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 11, 21, 41, 51, 61 ... Main body part 2, 12, 22, 42, 52, 62 ... Supply port 3, 13, 23, 43, 53, 63 ... Hopper part 4, 14, 24 , 44, 54, 64 ... discharge ports 5, 6, 15, 16, 25, 26, 27, 28 ... partition plates 7, 8, 9, 17, 18, 19, 29, 30, 31, 3,
2, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 Flow passage 45 Rectifying member 55, 65 First rectifying member 56, 66 Second rectifying member 67 Third rectifying member 68 Fourth Rectifying member

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A main body having a vertical axis and a supply port for powder and granules at an upper portion thereof, and a lower end of the main body having an axis aligned with the lower end of the main body and discharging the powder and granules at a lower end. A hopper section having a outlet, and a hopper section having a cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from an upper end toward an outlet, wherein a plurality of partition plates are provided inside the hopper section to form a hopper section. Characterized in that the inside of the hopper is divided into a plurality of flow passages and the ratio of the cross-sectional area at the upper end and the lower end of each flow passage is equal. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the main body is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the hopper is formed in an inverted conical shape, and the partition plate is concentric with the hopper side wall in a horizontal cross section. The structure of the hopper of the silo or the like according to 1. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the main body is formed in a rectangular cylindrical shape, the hopper is formed in an inverted pyramid shape, and the partition plate is parallel to the hopper side wall in a horizontal cross section. The structure of the hopper of the silo or the like according to 1.