JPH1098941A - Method for controlling splashing of plant pollen by waxes - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To lessen the pollinosis on the human body without adversely affecting plants by depositing films of waxes on the surfaces of male flowers, thereby controlling the splashing of pollen. SOLUTION: An aq. emulsion contg. >=1 kinds of the waxes is sprayed to the male flowers of the plants and after the evaporation of the moisture, the films of the waxes are deposited on the surfaces of the male flowers, by which the splashing of the pollen of the plants is controlled. This aq. emulsion preferably consists mainly of >=1 kinds selected from a group consisting of oil-in-water drop type emulsion of 20 to 40C higher hydrocarbon rigid paraffin wax of substantially the same carbon atoms as the carbon atoms of the paraffin existing naturally on the surfaces of the plants, oil-in-water drop type emulsions of 30 to 60C microcrystalline wax and oil-in-water drop type emulsions of synthetic waxes and mainly the synthetic wax obtd. by a hydrocarbon synthesis method by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for controlling pollen scattering of plants and a composition for controlling pollen scattering used in the method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for controlling pollen scattering by using a composition mainly composed of waxes. The present invention relates to a method of controlling pollen scattering to reduce hay fever (allergy, sneezing, nasal stuffiness, stuffy nose, itchy eyes, tears, etc.) to the human body.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Research on reducing pollen dispersal in plants has been carried out as a countermeasure against hay fever by breeding improvement (selection of clones that do not produce male flowers, selection of male-affected strains) by national and public research institutes, etc.
Suppression of male flowers, etc. (mainly cedar) by treatment with growth regulators has been carried out, and none of them is a technique to control pollen scattering, but to reduce pollen-bearing male flowers. One study that seems promising at present is to replant breeding plants to reduce pollen emissions, but it will be several decades before it will be practically used and pollutant emission will actually decrease. It is expected to be. Prevention of hay fever on the human body is based on avoiding pollen as much as possible, i.e., be aware of pollen-rich weather, use a mask to prevent pollen, wear glasses and goggles, and wear a hat or a smooth coat. Be careful not to get pollen on your eyes and nose, such as by wearing a cloth, reduce the pollen density indoors, pay attention to futons, laundry, etc.Also, the symptoms of hay fever are complicated processes in the body As it happens, it is usually done by keeping a regular life, taking care not to catch a cold, keeping in good shape, and avoiding stress.

[0003] As a cure, a cure that completely cures the disease has not yet been established, and at present, it is mainly preventive treatment, and a preventive drug (antiallergic agent) that suppresses allergic symptoms one or two weeks before pollen starts to fly. ) Or continue this during the pollen season. Treatment after the symptoms of hay fever occur is mainly drugs that suppress symptoms such as antihistamines and steroids, and non-drug treatments include hyperthermia. As other precautionary measures, pollen measurement and pollen scattering prediction are being implemented by public institutions.

[0004]

Among the plants, hay fever due to cedar pollen has become a nationwide problem, mainly because cedar forests planted after the war are producing large amounts of pollen. It is said that the number of people with allergies is increasing due to changes in eating habits and living environment, and that air pollution and the like are affecting them. It is said that the amount of pollen in cedar trees increases from about 30 years old. Showa 3 in Japan
A large number of cedars planted in the 0s have grown and are now 30 years old.
Many trees are over the years. In recent years, the number of cedar trees that have been cut has been decreasing, and it is expected that trees that are more than 30 years old will be pollen-rich. In addition, the cedar pollen is very small,
They fly from 0 to over 100 kilometers. Therefore, even if there is no cedar forest in the vicinity, pollen will fly, which will cause hay fever. The same can be said for plants other than cedar.

[0005] As described above, among the causes of hay fever, scattering of plant pollen is a major factor. Therefore, in the present invention, waxes that have been sufficiently evaluated for safety are replaced with waxes that are polluted by the plant when pollen starts scattering. By applying treatment to male flowers,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing the influence of pollen on a human body by controlling the scattering of pollen by a film-like film and controlling the amount of scattering by the treatment concentration.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The foregoing objects can be attained by the methods and compositions of the present invention, summarized below, and embodiments thereof. That is, (1) an aqueous emulsion containing at least one kind of wax is sprayed on a male flower of a plant, and after evaporation of water, a wax film is deposited on the surface of the male flower to control the scattering of pollen. (2) a higher hydrocarbon hard paraffin wax having 20 to 40 carbon atoms in which the aqueous emulsion is substantially the same as the number of paraffins naturally present on the surface of the plant. Oil-in-water emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions of microcrystalline waxes having 30 to 60 carbon atoms and synthetic waxes, synthetic waxes obtained mainly by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (Fisher
Pollen scattering control method according to (1), which is at least one selected from the group consisting of oil-in-water emulsions of Tropsch wax).

(3) The above (1) or (2), wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of polybutadiene, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyoxyethylene resin acid ester is used in combination as an additive or emulsifier in the aqueous emulsion. Described pollen scattering control method and (4)
An oil-in-water emulsion of a higher hydrocarbon hard paraffin wax having 20 to 40 carbon atoms, which is substantially the same as the number of paraffins naturally present on the surface of a plant;
Oil-in-water emulsions of microcrystalline waxes having 0 to 60 carbon atoms and synthetic waxes, mainly of synthetic waxes (Fischer-Tropsch wax) obtained by hydrocarbon synthesis by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. A pollen scattering control composition comprising at least one aqueous emulsion selected from the group consisting of oil-in-water emulsions and at least one selected from the group consisting of polybutadiene, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyoxyethylene resin acid ester as an additive or emulsifier It is.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The aqueous emulsion containing at least one kind of wax used in the above method (1) is generally a petroleum wax shown in the above method (2), which is naturally present mainly on the surface of a plant. Oil-in-water emulsion of a higher hydrocarbon hard paraffin wax having 20 to 40 carbon atoms, which is substantially the same as the number of paraffins, and an oil-in-water emulsion of microcrystalline wax having 30 to 60 carbon atoms It is preferable to use emulsions, synthetic waxes, oil-in-water emulsions of synthetic waxes (Fischer-Tropsch wax) mainly obtained by a hydrocarbon synthesis method by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide, and the like. For example, a melting point of 52 ° C. and 20 to 25 carbon atoms.
25% of normal paraffin, 5% of stearic acid and 1% of oleic acid are put in a dissolving tank and heated to 90 to 100 ° C. to dissolve the same. Separately, 69% water and 1.2% baking soda are added to the solution.
An alkaline solution heated to 0 ° C. is prepared, and the above-mentioned solution of the paraffin and the fatty acid is gradually added to the emulsification tank.
Continue the high-speed stirring with a stirrer of 00 to 1500 rotations. When the addition is completed while continuing the stirring, keep the temperature of 90 to 100 ° C for about 10 minutes or more, and when the apparent volume expands to about twice the real number, stir. Was stopped and transferred to a cooling tank, and cold water was injected into the outside of the cooling tank and stirring was continued while measuring the temperature drop.
When it stops at around 5 ° C. and shrinks to a real number, a stable O / W emulsion is obtained.

The size of the colloidal particles in the aqueous emulsion thus obtained is in the range of about 5 to 10 μm.
The emulsion is appropriately diluted with water (usually 100 to 5).
When water is sprayed on the male flowers of the plant, moisture evaporates and a wax film is formed on the surface of the male flowers. Here, as shown in the above method (3), when polybutadiene, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyoxyethylene resin acid ester are added and used as an additive or emulsifier to the aqueous emulsion, a stronger film is formed and the object of the present invention is obtained. This is more preferable because the effect described above is efficiently achieved.

[0010] The above (4) relates to the composition of the present invention, and the composition is 100- to 500-fold, preferably 100-fold, with water.
After diluting 1 to 200 times and spraying it on the male flower of the target plant (at the time when the pollen scatters) and evaporating the water from this emulsion, a highly adherent wax film with a thickness of 1 to 5 microns is formed. Formed on the surface of male plants.
Such a film is excellent in coating property, and the amount of pollen scattered from the male flower can be suppressed by this coating. Also, by changing the dilution concentration, the thickness of the wax film can be adjusted, thereby controlling the amount of pollen scattered. That is, the thickness of the wax film becomes thinner and the degree of suppression of pollen becomes lower when the wax film is 200 times or more and 200 times or more than 100 times. If the dilution ratio is less than 100 times, the formed coating film becomes thicker, but the effect of suppressing pollen scattering does not increase so much in spite of the increase in concentration, so it is uneconomical. If it exceeds 500 times, the coating film becomes too thin. Therefore, the effect becomes insufficient.

The waxes described above, ie, paraffin emulsions of C ₂₀ H _{42 to} C ₄₀ H ₈₂ , generally paraffins having from 20 to 40 carbon atoms and separated from vacuum distillate oils, are used to prepare the above-mentioned emulsions. Although the object of the invention is achieved, in order not to cause phytotoxicity to plants, C ₂₀
Waxes with a melting point of 74.7 ° C. to 368 ° C. with H _{42 to} C ₂₅ H ₅₂ are preferred. Waxes in which the carbon chains of the wax contain less than 20 carbon atoms are not preferred because they melt and become oily, closing the pores of the plant. This will cause the plant to grow poorly or die. If the wax has a long carbon chain, the above symptoms are of course not formed. However, if the carbon chain is too long, problems of adhesion, compatibility and emulsion stability when spraying arise. Therefore, it is desirable to use a wax having a melting point no more than 10 ° C. higher than the melting point of naturally occurring wax.

The microcrystalline wax having 30 to 60 carbon atoms is composed of a higher hydrocarbon having about 30 to 60 carbon atoms and a molecular weight of about 500 to 800, which is separated from the vacuum distillate, and has a melting point higher than that of paraffin wax. Is expensive. Further synthetic waxes are mainly of polyethylene wax, Fischer Tropsch wax from higher hydrocarbons C ₃₀ -C _60, a conventionally known method, for example, Fischer-Tropsch waxes, and natural gas as a starting material,
It is a solid at ordinary temperature synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide as shown in the following reaction formula: CO + 2H ₂ → − (CH ₂ ) − + H ₂ O

In emulsifying the above wax number, a saturated or unsaturated C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty acid soap is used as an emulsifier. Oleic acid, stearic acid and other fatty acids mixed with these acids are preferred as fatty acids, which are saponified with alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates, preferably alkali metal carbonates. To obtain a stable and effective emulsion, paraffin and fatty acid are melted together, for example 8
An aqueous solution of an alkaline substance was added to the above melt under high-speed stirring at 0 ° C or higher, and the emulsion was cooled to about 60 ° C.
It is preferable to continue the high-speed stirring until the temperature becomes. The stirring is then carried out as slowly as possible. Emulsion concentration about 3
0% is the most fluid and effective.
High-concentration emulsions of 40% or more are not desirable because they lose fluidity. Of course, stability and fluidity can vary with paraffin emulsifiers, various conditions such as emulsification, and the like.

As described above, in the composition (4),
Fatty acid soap, polybutadiene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyoxyethylene resin acid ester, etc. are used as emulsifiers and additives.These are not only emulsifiers for emulsifying wax, but also have the property of strengthening the film itself. have. Of course, in combination with the wax, a stronger film is obtained. The weight ratio of each component in the emulsion used in the composition (4) of the present invention is, for example, 10 to 50% of waxes, 1 to 40%, preferably 1 to 30% of emulsifiers and additives, with the balance being water and an organic solvent. is there. This emulsion is diluted with water before use. Further, an emulsion is economical because it can exert its effect even when diluted 500-fold. However, the higher the concentration to be diluted, the higher the effect.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but these examples do not limit the present invention.

【Example】

Example 1 Paraffin wax 36 with a melting point of 130 ° F.
%, 6% of fatty acid soap and 58% of water were heated and then emulsified using a homogenizer. (A) A mixture of 30% paraffin wax having a melting point of 130 ° F., 3% fatty acid soap, 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 65% water was heated and then emulsified using a homogenizer.
(B) Microcrystalline wax 20 having a melting point of 158 ° F.
%, 20% of a polyoxyethylene resin acid ester, 3% of a fatty acid soap and 57% of water, and then emulsified using a homogenizer. (C) Fisher-Tropsch wax 3 with a melting point of 160 ° F.
0%, fatty acid soap 5%, polybutadiene 10% and water 5
After heating the 5% mixture, it was emulsified using a homogenizer. (D) The wax emulsions produced by the above four methods are stable, have good suspension properties even when diluted with water (100 times), and spray the solution to give a thickness of the film after air-drying. The size was 1 to 5 microns and the adhesive was extremely strong. In addition, a phytotoxicity spray test was performed after dilution to a predetermined concentration in plants. The test results are as shown in Table 1, and no special phytotoxicity was observed for each wax emulsion. Conversely, the effect of reducing the damage caused by pests was observed.

[0016]

[Table 1]

(Example 2) Using the wax emulsion (A) produced in the same manner as in Example 1, a clone (Azetsu No. 3) on which a large number of cedar male flowers had settled was selected, and its cuttings were cut. The cut branches were sprayed with a solution diluted 100-fold with water, air-dried, covered with a hybridization bag, and watered. The experiment was performed in two sections: a treatment section and a control section, and both sections were repeated three times (I, I
I, III three bags). The number of branches per bag was three. After the end of the experiment (after 38 days), the hybridization bags were slightly shaken to disperse the pollen, and the pollen weight, male flower weight, male flower 1 for each bag were determined.
The measurement of the 00 grain weight was performed. The experimental results are as shown in Table 2. The weight of the pollen, the weight of the male flower, etc. were measured and the weight per male flower was calculated. There was no significant difference between the treatments. In the pollen weight, a significant difference was observed between the treatments, and the treatment group showed significantly less pollen scattering.

[0018]

[Table 2]

(Note) Spray pollen weight, male flower weight, male flower 100
Grain weight is an actual measurement. Other values are estimates based on actual measurements. Test between average values: It indicates that there is no significant difference at the 5% level between identical characters, and that there is a significant difference at the 5% level between different characters.

Example 3 Using the wax emulsions (A, B) produced in the same manner as in Example 1, the pollen weight of each clone (four individuals) was measured in the same manner as in Example 2. went. The experimental results are shown in Table 3. Both wax emulsion A and wax emulsion B were effective in preventing pollen from scattering, and the latter was more effective. That is, although the amount of pollen scattered and the degree of suppression differed depending on the type of clone, it was considered that scattering could be suppressed.

[0021]

[Table 3]

[0022]

[Table 4]

(Example 4) Using the wax emulsion (A, B, C, D) produced in the same manner as in Example 1, the pollen scattering amount by concentration was measured by the same experimental method as in Example 2. went. The experimental results are as shown in Table 4, and a significant difference was observed in the weight of the scattered pollen per male flower, and a significant difference was also observed in the weight of the scattered pollen depending on the treatment concentration. That is, it was considered that the degree of suppression of pollen scattering can be controlled by the type and concentration of the wax emulsion.

[0024]

[Table 5]

(Example 5) Using a wax emulsion (A, B, C, D) produced in the same manner as in Example 1, the pollen scattering amount of each plant was measured in the same manner as in Example 2. went. The experimental results are shown in Table 5, and a significant difference was observed in the weight of the pollen per male flower, and a significant difference was also observed in the weight of the pollen by plant. That is,
It was thought that the degree of suppression of pollen scattering by plant could be controlled by the type and concentration of the wax emulsion.

[0026]

[Table 6]

[0027]

As is clear from the above description and the results of the experiments and examples, the method for controlling the scattering of plant pollen according to the present invention relates to waxes and their waxes that have been sufficiently evaluated for their safety to living organisms. By using a composition comprising additives and emulsifiers, it is possible to control the amount of pollen scattered by male flowers without adversely affecting plants, and in a superior way that is thought to play a role in reducing pollen allergy to the human body. is there. Further, it is advantageous in that it does not cause any harm to the human body and the environment and has high economic efficiency.

Claims (4)

[Claims] An aqueous emulsion containing at least one kind of wax is sprayed on a male flower of a plant, and after evaporation of water, a wax film is deposited on the surface of the male flower to control the scattering of pollen. Pollen scattering control method of the plant. 2. The aqueous emulsion, wherein the number of the aqueous emulsions is substantially equal to 20 to 4 as large as the number of paraffins naturally present on the surface of the plant.
Oil-in-water emulsion of higher hydrocarbon hard paraffin wax having 0 carbon atoms, oil-in-water emulsion of microcrystalline wax having 30 to 60 carbon atoms and synthetic waxes, mainly carbon monoxide The pollen scattering control method according to claim 1, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of an oil-in-water emulsion of a synthetic wax (Fischer-Tropsch wax) obtained by a hydrocarbon synthesis method by catalytic hydrogenation of water. 3. Pollen scattering according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of polybutadiene, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyoxyethylene resin acid ester is used as an additive or emulsifier in the aqueous emulsion. Control method. 4. An oil-in-water emulsion of a higher hydrocarbon hard paraffin wax having 20 to 40 carbon atoms, which is substantially the same as the number of paraffins naturally present on the surface of a plant. Oil-in-water emulsions of microcrystalline wax having carbon atoms and synthetic waxes, mainly synthetic waxes obtained by hydrocarbon synthesis by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (Fischer
Pollen containing at least one aqueous emulsion selected from the group consisting of oil-in-water emulsions of Tropsch wax) and at least one selected from the group consisting of polybutadiene, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyoxyethylene resin acid ester as an additive or emulsifier. Control composition.