JPH1084766A - Cultivation method for sweet potato - Google Patents
Cultivation method for sweet potatoInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1084766A JPH1084766A JP8239605A JP23960596A JPH1084766A JP H1084766 A JPH1084766 A JP H1084766A JP 8239605 A JP8239605 A JP 8239605A JP 23960596 A JP23960596 A JP 23960596A JP H1084766 A JPH1084766 A JP H1084766A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- vitamin
- fertilizer
- leaf blade
- stem
- leaf
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、栄養学的に有効な
ビタミン類およびミネラル類に富む葉身部および茎部を
繰り返し刈り取る甘藷の栽培方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating sweet potatoes in which the leaf blades and stems rich in nutritionally effective vitamins and minerals are repeatedly cut.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】甘藷は別称さつまいも、から芋とも呼ば
れ我が国の主要食糧作物の1つに数えられている。産地
別で見ると鹿児島、宮崎両県で全国の作付面積の約50
%を占めており、その用途は大半が澱粉加工用に利用さ
れている。しかし、近年安価な澱粉の輸入が増加してお
り、国内澱粉生産は減少している。それに伴って、甘藷
の栽培面積も年々減少の一途を辿り、甘藷の新しい付加
価値の創出が求められている。甘藷の栽培方法は、通常
3月上旬に25℃位に加温された電熱温床(苗床)に健
全な種芋を伏せ込み、4月下旬から5月下旬にかけて苗
取りを行う。その後、基肥として堆肥および化学複合肥
料を施した畝幅60〜70cm、株間30〜40cmの
畝に苗床で得られた苗を斜め挿し,釣り針挿し,水平挿
し,船底挿し,垂直挿しのいずれかの方法で定植され
る。その際、畝には黒色のビニールで被膜することが常
法であるが、何らの被膜を施さないこともある。定植後
は6月上旬から10月下旬の栽培期間中肥料を施すこと
なく露地栽培され、11月上旬に葉身部および茎部を刈
り取って、芋部の収穫が行われる。2. Description of the Related Art Sweet potatoes, also known as sweet potatoes or kara potatoes, are counted as one of the main food crops in Japan. By production area, Kagoshima and Miyazaki prefectures account for about 50 of the cultivated area nationwide.
%, And its use is mostly used for starch processing. However, import of cheap starch has increased in recent years, and domestic starch production has decreased. Along with this, the cultivated area of sweet potatoes has been decreasing year by year, and creation of new added value of sweet potatoes is required. The method of cultivating sweet potatoes is such that healthy seed potatoes are laid down on an electric heating greenhouse (nurse bed) heated to about 25 ° C. in early March, and seedlings are collected from late April to late May. Thereafter, the seedlings obtained from the seedbed were obliquely inserted into ridges of 60 to 70 cm in width and 30 to 40 cm between plants where compost and chemical compound fertilizer were applied as a base fertilizer. Planted by the method. At this time, it is a usual method to coat the ridge with black vinyl, but sometimes no coating is applied. After planting, it is cultivated in the open field without fertilizer during the cultivation period from early June to late October. In early November, the leaves and stems are cut off and the potatoes are harvested.
【0003】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、甘藷の
葉身部および茎部には、ビタミン・ミネラル類が豊富に
含まれているにもかかわらず、その新鮮物または天日で
乾燥したものを飼料として家畜に給餌するか、圃場に鋤
き込んで肥料とする以外に、有効な利用法が知られてい
ない。また、11月頃に刈り取られた葉身部および茎部
は、気温の低下に伴い黄変化、枯朽化が進み、ビタミン
類含有量の低下が避けられない。さらに、栄養分を多量
に含有する葉身部は刈り取られた全体の2割にも満たな
いのが現状である。そこで、本発明は、従来技術の上述
のような現状に鑑み、甘藷の葉身部および茎部の有効利
用を図ることを目的として、葉身部の収穫量を増大して
ビタミン・ミネラル類の取得量をより多くすることが可
能な甘藷の新規な栽培方法を提供することにある。However, even though the leaf blade and stem of the sweet potato are rich in vitamins and minerals, fresh or sun-dried sweet potatoes are used as feed. There are no known effective uses other than feeding to livestock or plowing into fields to produce fertilizer. The leaf blades and stems harvested around November are yellowing and decay due to a decrease in temperature, and a decrease in vitamin content is inevitable. Furthermore, at present, the leaf blade portion containing a large amount of nutrients accounts for less than 20% of the whole cut. Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned current state of the prior art, and aims to effectively utilize the leaf blade and the stem of the sweet potato, and to increase the yield of the leaf blade to increase the amount of vitamins and minerals. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel method for cultivating sweet potatoes capable of obtaining a larger amount.
【0004】[0004]
【発明を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、以前より
農業生産活動および農産加工工程において生じる種々の
副産物について、栄養学的に有効な資源の探求を行い、
天然物由来で安全なビタミン・ミネラル類を回収するこ
とを目的に鋭意研究を重ねてきた。その過程において、
甘藷の葉身部には栄養学的に貴重なビタミン・ミネラル
類が豊富に含まれていることに着目して、その取得量の
増加に努めてきたところ、甘藷の葉身部および茎部を1
年間に複数回刈り取ることによって、前述の目的が達成
されるとの知見を得て、本発明を完成するに到ったもの
である。すなわち、本発明は、年間1度のみ葉身部およ
び茎部を刈り取る従来の甘藷の栽培方法と異なり、苗の
定植前および場合によっては定植後にも肥料を施すと共
に、定植後に3〜6週間の間隔で1年間に複数回、具体
的には3〜7回葉身部および茎部を繰り返し刈り取る甘
藷の栽培方法に係る。Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have been exploring nutritionally effective resources for various by-products generated in agricultural production activities and agricultural processing processes.
We have been conducting intensive research with the aim of recovering vitamins and minerals that are safe from natural products. In the process,
Focusing on the fact that the leaf blades of sweet potatoes are rich in nutritionally valuable vitamins and minerals, and have been working to increase the amount obtained, the leaf blades and stems of sweet potatoes have been 1
It has been found that the above-mentioned object is achieved by mowing several times a year, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is different from the conventional sweet potato cultivation method in which the leaf blade portion and the stem portion are cut only once a year, and fertilizer is applied before and sometimes after the planting of the seedling, and 3 to 6 weeks after the planting. The present invention relates to a method for cultivating sweet potatoes in which leaf blades and stems are repeatedly cut a plurality of times a year, specifically 3 to 7 times at intervals.
【0005】[0005]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の甘藷の栽培方法に
ついて詳述する。まず、甘藷の従来の栽培方法に従い、
健全な種芋を25℃程度に加温された苗床に伏せ込み、
4月下旬から5月下旬にかけて苗取りを行う。種芋の品
種としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば高
系14号,コガネセンガン,シモン1号,ベニハヤト,
農林1号,農林2号の他に、ベニアズマ,ベニコマチ,
ツルセンガン,紅赤,ミナミユタカ,シロユタカ,山川
紫等が挙げられる。育苗の間、基肥として堆肥および化
学肥料の少なくとも一方が施される。一般的な基肥量
は、窒素肥料が10a当たり5〜15kg(すなわち5
〜15kg/10a)、リン酸肥料が15〜30kg/
10aおよびカリ肥料が10〜20kg/10aの範囲
にあればよい。基肥を施した後に、幅60〜70cmの
畝をマルチ栽培で用いられる黒色のビニールで被膜す
る。被膜された畝に株間30〜40cmの間隔で切れ目
を入れ、苗取りされた苗を定植する。その際、黒色のビ
ニールで被膜してない畝に定植しても、本発明の栽培方
法に何ら支障をきたすものではない。定植方法は、垂直
挿し等従来のいずれの方法を採用しもよい。また、苗取
りを行うことなく、健全な種芋を直接畝に定植する方法
でも何ら問題はない。次に、圃場において所定の期間栽
培した後、畝より上部10cm位の箇所より刈り取り、
甘藷の葉身部および茎部を収穫する。得られる葉身部お
よび茎部には栄養学的に有効なビタミン・ミネラル類が
豊富に含まれており、特に葉身部には茎部に比べて各種
ビタミン類が数倍〜20倍程度含まれている。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the method for cultivating sweet potatoes of the present invention will be described in detail. First, according to the conventional method of growing sweet potatoes,
A healthy seed potato is laid down on a nursery bed heated to about 25 ° C,
Seedlings are taken from late April to late May. The seed varieties are not particularly limited, but include, for example, Kokei 14, Koganesengan, Simon 1, Benihayat,
In addition to Norin 1 and Norin 2, Venezuma, Benikomachi,
Tursengan, red and red, southern taka, shiroyutaka, yamakawa purple and the like. During the seedling raising, at least one of a compost and a chemical fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer. A typical base fertilizer amount is 5-15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 10a (that is, 5 kg).
~ 15kg / 10a), phosphate fertilizer 15 ~ 30kg /
10a and potassium fertilizer should just be in the range of 10-20 kg / 10a. After the basal fertilizer is applied, the ridge having a width of 60 to 70 cm is coated with black vinyl used in mulch cultivation. Cuts are made in the coated ridge at intervals of 30 to 40 cm between the plants, and the seedlings are planted. At that time, even if the planting is carried out on the ridge which is not coated with black vinyl, the cultivation method of the present invention is not hindered at all. As the planting method, any conventional method such as vertical insertion may be adopted. In addition, there is no problem in a method in which healthy seed potatoes are directly planted in ridges without taking seedlings. Next, after cultivation for a predetermined period in the field, mow from the place about 10 cm above the ridge,
Harvest leaf and stem of sweet potato. The resulting leaf blade and stem contain abundant nutritionally effective vitamins and minerals, especially the leaf blade contains several to 20 times more vitamins than the stem Have been.
【0006】栄養学的に有効なビタミン類としては、例
えばビタミンA,D,E,K等の脂溶性ビタミン、ビタ
ミンB群,C等の水溶性ビタミン、ミネラル類として
は、ナトリウム,マグネシウム,リン,カリウム,カル
シウム,鉄,銅,亜鉛,その他の元素が挙げられる。本
発明者らは、葉身部のビタミンK含有量で以て葉身部お
よび茎部の刈り取り時期を決定することが、栄養学的に
最も望ましいとの知見を得ることができた。すなわち、
植物学的には甘藷の窒素栄養状態を知ることは重要なこ
とであり、一般に植物体の窒素含量が多くなると葉の緑
色が濃くなり、クロロフィル量も増加することが知られ
ている。本発明において、甘藷のクロロフィル量が増加
すると、栄養学的に有効なビタミン類も増加し、特に脂
溶性ビタミンであるビタミンKとの間に高い相関があ
り、ビタミンK含有量で以て最適収穫量を決定すること
ができる。かかるクロロフィル量とビタミンK量の相関
によれば、甘藷の葉身部および茎部の刈り取り時期は、
葉身部中のビタミンK含有量が800μg/100g以上と
なる3〜6週間の間隔が最適であることが判明した。露
地栽培は、一般に各栽培年度の気象条件により甘藷の生
育状態が左右され、3〜6週間中の最適な刈り取り時期
は変化する。刈り取り時期を葉身部のビタミンK含有量
800μg/100g以上で以て決定することは、各栽培年
度の気象条件に左右されることがなく、有効な手段とい
える。したがって、本発明における刈り取り間隔は、一
定の期間毎に、例えば3週間後毎に正確に間隔をあけて
刈り取ることを必ずしも意味するものでない。また、刈
り取り間隔3〜6週間とは、第3週目の初日(15日
間)から第6週目の末日(48日間)までを意味する。The nutritionally effective vitamins include, for example, fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K; water-soluble vitamins such as vitamins B and C; and minerals such as sodium, magnesium, and phosphorus. , Potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and other elements. The present inventors could obtain the finding that it is most nutritionally desirable to determine the cutting time of the leaf blade and the stem based on the vitamin K content of the leaf blade. That is,
From a botany perspective, it is important to know the nitrogen nutritional status of sweet potatoes. It is generally known that when the nitrogen content of a plant increases, the green color of the leaves increases and the amount of chlorophyll increases. In the present invention, when the amount of chlorophyll in a sweet potato increases, the amount of nutritionally effective vitamins also increases. In particular, there is a high correlation with vitamin K which is a fat-soluble vitamin. The amount can be determined. According to the correlation between the amount of chlorophyll and the amount of vitamin K, the cutting time of the leaf and stem of the sweet potato is as follows.
It has been found that the interval of 3 to 6 weeks at which the vitamin K content in the leaf blade becomes 800 μg / 100 g or more is optimal. In the open-field cultivation, the growth state of the sweet potato generally depends on the weather conditions of each cultivation year, and the optimal cutting time during 3 to 6 weeks changes. Determining the cutting time based on the vitamin K content of the leaf blade of 800 μg / 100 g or more can be said to be an effective means without being affected by the weather conditions in each cultivation year. Therefore, the reaping interval in the present invention does not necessarily mean that reaping is performed at regular intervals, for example, every three weeks, with an accurate interval. The harvest interval of 3 to 6 weeks means from the first day of the third week (15 days) to the last day of the sixth week (48 days).
【0007】ビタミンKの含有量は、通常高速液体クロ
マトグラフィー(HPLC)を用いて分析されるが、分
析操作が複雑で熟練を要するため、圃場での測定には簡
便性に欠ける嫌いがある。勿論、適当な設備ないし施設
を利用することにより、HPLC法だけでなく、ビタミ
ンKの吸収極大波長の吸光度を測定して定量する吸光光
度法,ナトリウムアルコラートと反応させて比色する比
色法,医療品原料のような高純度品の定量に利用できる
酸化還元法,ポーラログラフィー法や、ガスクロマトグ
ラフィー法等により、葉身部のビタミンK含有量を測定
することが可能である。圃場で簡便に最適な刈り取り時
期を決定するには、従来水稲用に開発された葉緑素計を
用いて、ビタミンKの含有量を測定することが好まし
い。ここに、葉緑素計とは、葉を損傷することなく、稲
の葉に含まれるクロロフィル量が簡単にデジタル表示さ
れる軽量・コンパクトな計測器である。この計測器は、
葉の緑色が濃くなると、植物の窒素含量が多くなると同
時にクロロフィル量も多くなるという原理を利用してい
る。より具体的には、クロロフィルの極大吸収がある6
00〜700nmの波長域と吸収のない赤外域との2つ
の波長の光学濃度差に基づいて、上記クロロフィル量を
求める計測器である。[0007] The content of vitamin K is usually analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, since the analysis operation is complicated and requires skill, there is a tendency that measurement in a field lacks simplicity. Of course, by using appropriate equipment or facilities, not only the HPLC method, but also a spectrophotometric method of measuring and quantifying the absorbance of vitamin K at the absorption maximum wavelength, a colorimetric method of reacting with sodium alcoholate and performing colorimetry, The vitamin K content in the leaf blade can be measured by an oxidation-reduction method, a polarography method, a gas chromatography method, or the like, which can be used for quantification of a high-purity product such as a raw material for a medical product. In order to easily determine the optimal cutting time in a field, it is preferable to measure the content of vitamin K using a chlorophyll meter conventionally developed for paddy rice. Here, the chlorophyll meter is a lightweight and compact measuring instrument that easily displays digitally the amount of chlorophyll contained in rice leaves without damaging the leaves. This instrument is
It utilizes the principle that when the green color of the leaves becomes darker, the nitrogen content of the plant increases and the amount of chlorophyll increases. More specifically, there is a maximum absorption of chlorophyll6
This is a measuring instrument for obtaining the chlorophyll amount based on a difference in optical density between two wavelengths of a wavelength range of 00 to 700 nm and an infrared range having no absorption.
【0008】本発明の栽培方法において、更に繰り返し
甘藷の葉身部および茎部を刈り取ると、土壌中の養分特
に窒素が減少するので、植物細胞の原形質を構成する蛋
白質成分のアミノ酸や光合成を営むクロロフィルに含ま
れる窒素を補うことが望ましい。したがって、3〜6週
間の間隔での刈り取り後には、葉身部を生育させるため
に主として窒素肥料を追肥することが望ましい。追肥の
時期と回数は、特に限定されるものではないが、葉身部
および茎部の刈り取りから1週間以内が望ましく、施す
肥料は定植した苗の近くが好適である。上記窒素肥料の
施肥量は、一般に20〜100kg/10aの範囲、よ
り好ましくは30〜90kg/10aの範囲にある。2
0kg/10a未満の追肥では、甘藷が土壌に施された
窒素肥料を充分吸収することができず、繰り返し刈り取
ると葉身部および茎部が成長できず、黄変化、枯朽化す
ることがある。一方、100kg/10aより多く追肥
を行うと、土壌中の塩基濃度を高めることになり、根に
障害を生じ根腐れが発生することがある。[0008] In the cultivation method of the present invention, if the leaf and stem of the sweet potato are further cut off, the nutrients in the soil, particularly nitrogen, decrease, so that the amino acids and photosynthesis of the protein components constituting the protoplasm of plant cells are reduced. It is desirable to supplement the nitrogen contained in the running chlorophyll. Therefore, after mowing at intervals of 3 to 6 weeks, it is preferable to mainly add nitrogen fertilizer to grow leaf blades. The time and frequency of topdressing are not particularly limited, but are preferably within one week from the cutting of the leaf blade and the stem, and the fertilizer to be applied is preferably near the planted seedling. The fertilizer application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is generally in the range of 20 to 100 kg / 10a, more preferably in the range of 30 to 90 kg / 10a. 2
If the topdressing is less than 0 kg / 10a, the sweet potato cannot sufficiently absorb the nitrogen fertilizer applied to the soil, and if it is cut repeatedly, the leaf blade and the stem cannot grow, and may turn yellow and die. On the other hand, if the topdressing is performed more than 100 kg / 10a, the base concentration in the soil will be increased, and the root will be damaged, and root rot may occur.
【0009】基肥および追肥に使用される窒素肥料とし
ては、硫安,塩安,硝安,尿素,石灰窒素等が挙げられ
る。複合化学肥料としては、例えば燐安,硫化燐安等が
挙げられる。この硫化燐安は、燐安であるリン酸1アン
モニウムおよびリン酸2アンモニウムの混合液に硫酸ア
ンモニウム(硫安)とカリ源として硫酸カリおよび塩化
カリを加え、窒素:リン酸:カリを10:16:16の
比に造粒した高度化成肥料である。また、前記堆肥とし
ては、例えば牛糞尿を自然流下式,遠心分離器,ロータ
リースクリーン等で固液分離し、水分調整,脱臭,通気
性を促進するために樹皮,鋸屑等の木質原料を混合した
後、数週間堆積腐熟させ、その間充分な切り返しを行い
ながら、堆肥化を進行させた完熟堆肥が好ましく用いら
れる。この完熟堆肥は、窒素,リン酸,カリ,石灰,苦
土(MgO)等や微量要素を含有し、これらの養分を土
壌に富化させて地力を増強させる作用がある。Nitrogen fertilizers used for base fertilizer and top dressing include ammonium sulfate, salt ammonium, ammonium nitrate, urea, lime nitrogen and the like. Examples of the composite chemical fertilizer include phosphorus phosphorus, phosphorus phosphorus sulfide, and the like. This phosphorous ammonium sulfide is prepared by adding ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulfate) and potassium sulfate and potassium chloride as a potassium source to a mixture of ammonium phosphate monobasic and diammonium phosphate, and adding nitrogen: phosphoric acid: potassium to 10:16: It is an advanced chemical fertilizer granulated to a ratio of 16. As the compost, for example, cow manure is separated into solid and liquid by a gravity flow method, a centrifugal separator, a rotary screen, etc., and woody raw materials such as bark and sawdust are mixed to promote moisture control, deodorization, and air permeability. Thereafter, a mature ripe compost is preferably used in which composting is progressed while allowing the fermentation to mature for several weeks and performing sufficient turning over during that time. This fully matured compost contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, lime, formic acid (MgO) and the like and trace elements, and has the effect of enriching these nutrients in the soil to enhance the soil strength.
【0010】葉身部および茎部を1年間に複数回刈り取
るという本発明の甘藷の栽培方法によれば、従来の方法
と比較して、葉身部で3〜11倍、茎部でも最大2.5
倍と収穫量が著しく増大する。また、葉身部を刈り取ら
れた全体の40〜60%と効率良く収穫することができ
る。前述したように、甘藷の葉身部および茎部には、ビ
タミン・ミネラル類が豊富に含有されている。例えば、
葉身部において単位重量当たりのホウレン草と比較して
みると、ビタミンCが約2倍、ビタミンEが7〜11
倍、β−カロチン(プロビタミンA)が2〜3倍含まれ
る。本発明の栽培方法により得られる甘藷の葉身部およ
び茎部の利用法を示すと、次のようなものである。例え
ば、葉身部および茎部をまず蒸煮、細断し、次いでペー
スト化し、乾燥した後に、粉末化等の加工を施す。得ら
れた粉末は、パン,麺,菓子等の小麦粉加工品、水産練
り製品などの各種食品の添加物として、食品中のビタミ
ン・ミネラル含量を高めることができ、更に繊維質含量
も高い。したがって、現在偏りつつある国民の食生活中
で不足がちのビタミン・ミネラル類を補給することがで
きる。また、甘藷の芋部は、従来通り食用に供したり、
澱粉加工用として利用することができる。According to the sweet potato cultivation method of the present invention in which the leaf blade and the stem are cut a plurality of times in one year, the leaf blade is 3 to 11 times as large as the conventional method and the stem is up to 2 times. .5
The yield is significantly increased. In addition, the leaf blade can be efficiently harvested, that is, 40 to 60% of the entire cut. As described above, the leaf and stem of the sweet potato are rich in vitamins and minerals. For example,
Compared to spinach per unit weight in the leaf blade, vitamin C is about twice as much and vitamin E is 7-11
Twice as much as β-carotene (provitamin A). The usage of the leaf blade and stem of the sweet potato obtained by the cultivation method of the present invention is as follows. For example, the blade and stem are first steamed, shredded, then pasted, dried, and then subjected to processing such as powdering. The obtained powder can increase the vitamin / mineral content of the food, and also has a high fiber content, as an additive for various foods such as processed flour such as bread, noodles and confections, and fishery paste products. Therefore, it is possible to replenish vitamins and minerals, which are apt to be lacking in the eating habits of the now lopsided people. In addition, sweet potato potatoes can be used for food as before,
It can be used for starch processing.
【0011】[0011]
【実施例】以下、実施例によって本発明を具体的に説明
するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に何ら限定されるもの
ではない。 実施例1 栽培試験は、各々縦4m×横4mに区画された10箇所
を設定してこれを1グループとし、各区画の配置を互い
に換えた3つのグループで実施された。各区画(合計3
0区画)は、黒色のビニールで被膜された畝幅60c
m、株間40cmの畝からなる。また、基肥として、1
0a当たり大凡窒素肥料10kg,リン酸肥料20k
g,カリ肥料15kgの割合となるよう、前記完熟堆肥
100kgおよび硫化燐安10kgを栽培区全体に施し
た。なお、完熟堆肥の成分組成は、全窒素2.1%,リ
ン酸4.5%,カリ2.8%,水分30.0%であり、そ
のpHは7.1であった。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Example 1 The cultivation test was carried out in three groups in which 10 sections each having a length of 4 m and a width of 4 m were set to form one group, and the arrangement of each section was changed. Each section (total 3
0 section) is ridge width 60c coated with black vinyl
m, consisting of ridges of 40 cm between plants. In addition, 1
Approximately 10kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 20k of phosphate fertilizer per 0a
g, 15 kg of potash fertilizer, 100 kg of the fully-ripened compost and 10 kg of phosphorous sulfide were applied to the entire cultivation area. The composition of the fully matured compost was 2.1% of total nitrogen, 4.5% of phosphoric acid, 2.8% of potassium, and 30.0% of water, and its pH was 7.1.
【0012】加温された苗床で得られた甘藷(品種:シ
モン1号)の苗60本を各区画に斜め挿しに定植し、6
月上旬から10月下旬にかけて20週間栽培した。試験
区aは定植後3週間の間隔で合計7回、試験区bは4週
間の間隔で5回、試験区cは5週間の間隔で4回、試験
区dは6週間の間隔で合計4回、葉身部および茎部を刈
り取ることにした。対照区aは、通常の栽培方法と同様
に定植後、20週間後に1回のみ刈り取ることにした。
また、対照区bは2週間の間隔で10回、対照区cは7
週間の間隔で合計3回、対照区dは8週間の間隔で合計
3回、対照区eは9週間の間隔で合計3回、対照区fは
10週間の間隔で2回刈り取ることにした。ここで、各
試験区および各対照区毎の累積栽培期間を合わせるため
に、試験区a,試験区d,対照区c,対照区d,対照区
eについては、対照区aと同じ時期に最後の刈り取りを
行って栽培終了とした。例えば、試験区aにおいては3
週間の間隔で6回刈り取り、その後は2週間の間隔で刈
り取った。[0012] Sixty seedlings of sweet potatoes (variety: Simon No. 1) obtained from the heated nursery were planted obliquely in each section and planted.
It was cultivated for 20 weeks from the beginning of the month to the end of October. Test plot a has a total of 7 times at 3 week intervals after planting, test plot b has 5 times at 4 week intervals, test plot c has 4 times at 5 week intervals, and test plot d has a total of 4 times at 6 week intervals. At this time, the leaf blade and stem were cut off. The control section a was cut only once 20 weeks after planting in the same manner as the normal cultivation method.
In contrast, the control group b was 10 times at 2-week intervals, and the control group c was 7 times.
The control section d was cut three times in total at eight-week intervals, the control section e was cut three times in total at nine-week intervals, and the control section f was cut twice in ten-week intervals. Here, in order to match the cumulative cultivation period for each test plot and each control plot, test plots a, d, control c, control d, and control e were finished at the same time as control plot a. And the cultivation was completed. For example, in test plot a, 3
They were reaped six times at weekly intervals and thereafter at two-weekly intervals.
【0013】各時期に刈り取られた甘藷の葉身部および
茎部は、全体の刈り取り量、葉身部の刈り取り量、茎部
の刈り取り量をそれぞれ計測し、併せてビタミンK含有
量も分析した。対照区aを除く同一の試験区および対照
区においては、刈り取り毎に得られた葉身部および茎部
の重量を合算した。その3グループを平均した刈り取り
量および葉身部と茎部の割合を表1に示す。下記の表1
に示すように、試験区a〜dにおいては、全体の平均刈
り取り量86kg、葉身部の平均割合48.5%と良好
であった。一方、通常の栽培方法つまり対照区aの栽培
実績は、全体の刈り取り量が50kg、葉身部の割合が
22%であり、刈り取り全体に占める葉身部の割合が著
しく低かった。For the leaf blade and stem of the sweet potato cut at each time, the total cut amount, the cut amount of the leaf blade, and the cut amount of the stem were measured, and the vitamin K content was also analyzed. . In the same test and control plots except the control plot a, the weights of the leaf blades and stems obtained for each cutting were totaled. Table 1 shows the average amount of cutting and the ratio of leaf blades and stems of the three groups. Table 1 below
As shown in the above, in the test plots a to d, the overall average reaping amount was 86 kg, and the average ratio of the leaf blade was 48.5%, which was good. On the other hand, in the cultivation results of the normal cultivation method, that is, the cultivation result of the control section a, the total cutting amount was 50 kg, the ratio of the leaf blade portion was 22%, and the ratio of the leaf blade portion to the entire cutting was extremely low.
【0014】[0014]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0015】ビタミンK含有量は前記HPLC法により
分析し、その前処理として実施例1で得られた葉身部お
よび茎部を次のようにして処理した。まず精秤された葉
身部または茎部にエタノール−水(8:2)を加え、5
分間浸盪した。次いで、n−ヘキサンを加え、浸盪、遠
心分離の後に粗抽出物を得た。この粗抽出物をシリカゲ
ル充填のカラム中に通し、精製処理した。HPLC法に
は、水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを用いる化学的還元法,電
気的還元法,白金黒カラム還元法で蛍光性ハイドロキノ
ンKに還元した後、蛍光検出法によりビタミンKを定量
する方法が知られている。このうち、化学的還元法に従
ってビタミンK含有量を分析した結果を下記の表2に示
す。表2中の葉身部および葉茎部(葉身部と茎部)の増
加率は、各々対照区aに対する葉身部および葉茎部の刈
り取り量とビタミンK含有量との増加率を積算したもの
である。また、表2の葉身部および茎部の各ビタミンK
含有量をプロットしたものが図1である。なお、前記試
験区a〜dにおいて、葉身部の緑色が濃くなってから
は、前記葉緑素計を用いて連日クロロフィル量の簡易分
析を行ったが、刈り取り時点では後述の葉身部の葉緑素
計値はいずれも46以上であった。The content of vitamin K was analyzed by the HPLC method, and as a pretreatment, the leaf blade and stem obtained in Example 1 were treated as follows. First, ethanol-water (8: 2) is added to the weighed leaf blade or stem, and 5
Shake for minutes. Next, n-hexane was added, and after shaking and centrifugation, a crude extract was obtained. This crude extract was passed through a column packed with silica gel and purified. As the HPLC method, a method is known in which a chemical reduction method using sodium borohydride, an electrical reduction method, a method of reducing vitamin K to fluorescent hydroquinone K by a platinum black column reduction method, and then a fluorescence detection method. I have. Of these, the results of analyzing the vitamin K content according to the chemical reduction method are shown in Table 2 below. The increase rate of the leaf blade and the leaf stem (leaf blade and stem) in Table 2 is obtained by integrating the increase rate of the cut amount of the leaf blade and the leaf stem and the vitamin K content with respect to the control a. It was done. In addition, each vitamin K in the leaf and stem of Table 2
FIG. 1 is a plot of the content. In the test plots a to d, after the green color of the leaf blade became dark, a simple analysis of the amount of chlorophyll was performed every day using the chlorophyll meter. Each value was 46 or more.
【0016】[0016]
【表2】 [Table 2]
【0017】甘藷の葉身部には茎部の少なくとも2.9
倍(対照区e)のビタミンKを含有しており、各試験区
においては4倍のオーダーにある。また、対照区aと比
較して、各試験区ともに葉身部のビタミンK含有量は
1.5倍以上であり、葉身部および葉茎部全体では、栄
養学的に有効なビタミンKを各々5.2〜7.3倍および
3.3〜4.4倍取得することができた。以上の実施例1
をまとめると、3〜6週間の間隔で甘藷の葉身部および
茎部を刈り取ると、葉身部の割合およびそのビタミンK
含有量が高められ、その故にビタミンK取得量が増大し
た葉身部および茎部を効率よく収穫することができた。
対照区cにおいては、全体の刈り取り量、葉身部の割合
ともに試験区とあまり遜色がないものの、葉身部および
全体のビタミンKの取得量が少なかった。[0017] At least 2.9 of the stem is added to the leaf blade of the sweet potato.
It contains twice the amount of vitamin K (control group e), and is in the order of 4 times in each test group. In addition, as compared with the control group a, the vitamin K content in the leaf blade was 1.5 times or more in each of the test groups, and nutritionally effective vitamin K was contained in the whole blade blade and leaf stem. 5.2-7.3 times and 3.3-4.4 times were obtained, respectively. Example 1 above
To summarize, cutting the leaf and stem of sweet potatoes at intervals of 3 to 6 weeks shows the percentage of leaf and its vitamin K
It was possible to efficiently harvest leaf blades and stems whose content was increased and thus the amount of vitamin K obtained was increased.
In the control plot c, although the overall cut amount and the ratio of the leaf blade were not so inferior to those of the test plot, the amount of vitamin K obtained in the leaf blade and the whole was small.
【0018】実施例2 基肥として、10a当たり大凡窒素肥料10kg,リン
酸肥料20kg,カリ肥料15kgの割合となるよう、
実施例1と同じ完熟堆肥および硫化燐安を3区画に施
し、実施例1と同様にして栽培試験を実施した。ただ
し、試験区eは、定植後3週間の間隔で6回刈り取り、
その都度化学窒素肥料(硫安)を30kg/10aつま
り4m×4mの試験区に対して0.48kg与えた。試
験区fは、定植後3週間の間隔で刈り取り、その都度硫
安を試験区に対して0.97kg(60kg/10a)
与えた。試験区gは、定植後3週間の間隔で刈り取り、
その都度硫安を試験区に対して1.45kg(90kg
/10a)与えた。前述のようにして刈り取られた甘藷
の葉茎部の刈り取り量(全体量)、葉身部の刈り取り
量、茎部の刈り取り量、更に葉身部のビタミンK含有量
(単位:μg/100g)を表3に示す。表3には、追肥を
行うことなく定植後3週間の間隔で刈り取った実施例1
の試験区aと、通常の栽培方法に係る前記対照区aの栽
培実績を併せて示す。Example 2 As a base fertilizer, a ratio of approximately 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 15 kg of potassium fertilizer per 10 a was determined.
A cultivation test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 by applying the same ripe compost and phosphorus ammonium sulfide to the three compartments as in Example 1. However, the test plot e cuts 6 times at intervals of 3 weeks after planting,
In each case, 0.48 kg of a chemical nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) was given to a test plot of 30 kg / 10a, that is, 4 m × 4 m. The test plot f cuts at intervals of three weeks after planting, and in each case, 0.97 kg (60 kg / 10a) of ammonium sulfate was applied to the test plot.
Gave. The test plot g was harvested at intervals of three weeks after planting,
In each case, 1.45 kg (90 kg) of ammonium sulfate was added to the test plot.
/ 10a) given. Cut amount of leaf stem portion of sweet potato cut as described above (total amount), cut amount of leaf blade portion, cut amount of stem portion, and vitamin K content of leaf blade portion (unit: μg / 100g) Are shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows that Example 1 was harvested at intervals of three weeks after planting without additional fertilization.
And the cultivation results of the control plot a according to the normal cultivation method.
【0019】[0019]
【表3】 甘藷の葉身部および茎部を3週間の間隔で刈り取った
後、その都度窒素肥料を施す試験区e〜gよれば、葉身
部の割合が更に向上し、全体の刈り取り量も約2倍以上
に向上した。同時に、試験区fにおいては、葉身部のビ
タミンK含有量および取得量も、試験区aと比較する
と、それぞれ1.4倍,5.0倍に向上した。[Table 3] After cutting the leaf and stem of sweet potatoes at intervals of 3 weeks, according to the test plots e to g in which nitrogen fertilizer is applied each time, the ratio of leaf blades is further improved, and the total cutting amount is about twice as much. Improved above. At the same time, in the test plot f, the vitamin K content and the amount obtained in the leaf blade part were also improved by 1.4 times and 5.0 times, respectively, as compared with the test plot a.
【0020】次に、対照区aと試験区fで得られた甘藷
の葉身部および茎部について、その100g中の成分割
合と対照区aに対する試験区fの各成分の増加率(%)を
表4に示す。Next, with respect to the leaf blade and stem of the sweet potato obtained in the control plot a and the test plot f, the component ratio in 100 g thereof and the rate of increase (%) of each component in the test plot f with respect to the control plot a. Are shown in Table 4.
【表4】 表4からも明らかなように、ナトリウムを除いて葉身部
中のビタミン・ミネラル類の含有量が大幅に増加してい
ることが分かる。[Table 4] As is evident from Table 4, the content of vitamins and minerals in the leaf blade is significantly increased except for sodium.
【0021】実施例1,2の試験区a〜gおよび対照区
aにおいて、各区の葉身部をアトランダムに採取した4
つの試料中のクロロフィルおよびビタミンK含有量を測
定した。その測定結果を図2のグラフに示す。図2の
「クロロフィル量−ビタミンK量」に示すように、回帰
式は y = 5.0193x − 147.27 で表され、相関係数r
は 0.9578 と高い関係があることが判明した。葉身部中
のクロロフィル分析を圃場で簡単に測定する計測器とし
ては、前述した葉緑素計を利用することができる。この
葉緑素計(SPAD−502:ミノルタカメラ販売(株)
製)により、上記と同一の試料のビタミンK含有量と葉
緑素計(SPAD)値を図3のグラフに示す。図3の
「ビタミンK量−葉緑素計(SPAD)値」に示すよう
に、回帰式は y = 0.0135x + 35.074 で表され、相
関係数rは 0.9050 と高い関係がある。本発明では、葉
身部および茎部の刈り取り時期は、3〜6週間以外の間
隔では得ることができない葉身部のビタミンK含有量が
800μg/100g以上になった時、すなわち図3から葉
緑素計値が46以上を示す時が好適である。In the test plots a to g and the control plot a of Examples 1 and 2, the leaf blades of each plot were collected at random.
The chlorophyll and vitamin K contents in the three samples were measured. The measurement results are shown in the graph of FIG. As shown in “chlorophyll content−vitamin K content” in FIG. 2, the regression equation is represented by y = 5.0193x−147.27, and the correlation coefficient r
Was found to be highly related to 0.9578. The above-mentioned chlorophyll meter can be used as an instrument for easily measuring chlorophyll analysis in the leaf blade in a field. This chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502: Minolta Camera Sales Co., Ltd.)
FIG. 3 shows the vitamin K content and chlorophyll meter (SPAD) value of the same sample as described above. As shown in "Vitamin K content-Chloroplastometer (SPAD) value" in FIG. 3, the regression equation is represented by y = 0.135x + 35.074, and the correlation coefficient r is highly related to 0.9050. In the present invention, the leaf blade and stem are cut off when the vitamin K content of the leaf blade, which cannot be obtained at intervals other than 3 to 6 weeks, becomes 800 μg / 100 g or more, that is, from FIG. It is preferable that the measured value indicates 46 or more.
【0022】[0022]
【発明の効果】本発明は、甘藷の苗を定植した後、3〜
6週間の間隔で葉身部および茎部を繰り返し刈り取るこ
とにより、栄養学的に有効なビタミン・ミネラル類を豊
富に含有する葉身部および茎部を効率よく収穫すること
ができる。特に、葉身部中のビタミンK含有量が所定値
以上になった時に刈り取りを行ったり、あるいは刈り取
り後に追肥を施すことにより、ビタミンK以外にも他の
ビタミン類およびミネラル類の含有量が増加した甘藷の
葉身部を効率よく収穫することができる。According to the present invention, after planting sweet potato seedlings,
By repeatedly cutting the leaf blades and stems at intervals of 6 weeks, the leaf blades and stems rich in nutritionally effective vitamins and minerals can be efficiently harvested. In particular, by cutting when the vitamin K content in the leaf blades exceeds a predetermined value, or by applying fertilizer after cutting, the content of other vitamins and minerals other than vitamin K increases. The leaf portion of the sweet potato can be efficiently harvested.
【図1】 各栽培区で刈り取られた甘藷の葉身部と茎部
の各ビタミンK含有量を示すグラフである。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the content of each vitamin K in the leaf blade and stem of a sweet potato harvested in each cultivation plot.
【図2】 甘藷の葉身部中のクロロフィル含有量とビタ
ミンK含有量の関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the chlorophyll content and the vitamin K content in the leaf blade of a sweet potato.
【図3】 甘藷の葉身部中のビタミンK含有量と葉緑素
計(SPAD)値の関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the vitamin K content in the leaf blade of sweet potato and the chlorophyll meter (SPAD) value.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 本田 治 熊本県熊本市花園1−25−1 熊本製粉株 式会社内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Osamu 1-25-1, Hanazono, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture Kumamoto Flour Milling Co., Ltd.
Claims (3)
と共に、甘藷の苗を定植した後、葉身部および茎部を3
〜6週間の間隔で1年間に複数回刈り取ることにより、
葉身部および茎部を繰り返し収穫することを特徴とする
甘藷の栽培方法。1. Fertilizer is applied at least once a year at an appropriate time, and a potato seedling is planted.
By harvesting several times a year at intervals of ~ 6 weeks,
A method for cultivating sweet potato, characterized by repeatedly harvesting the leaf blade and stem.
g/100g以上に増加した時点で、前記葉身部および
茎部を刈り取る請求項1記載の甘藷の栽培方法。2. The vitamin K content in the leaf blade is 800 μm.
The method for cultivating sweet potato according to claim 1, wherein the leaf blade portion and the stem portion are cut off at the time of the increase to g / 100g or more.
次回の刈り取りまでの間に、10a当たり20〜100
kgの窒素肥料を施肥する請求項1または2記載の甘藷
の栽培方法。3. After harvesting of the leaf blade and stem, from 20 to 100 per 10a between the cutting and the next cutting.
The method for cultivating sweet potato according to claim 1 or 2, wherein kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied.
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002125489A (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-05-08 | Enseki Aojiru Kk | Method for culturing young leaf of rice plant and rice |
JP2007089488A (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-12 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | Fertilizing method in potato cultivation |
CN103404340A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-11-27 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Sweet potato used for mashed potato processing, and cultivation method and application thereof |
JP2014158422A (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-09-04 | Green Innovation Inc | Method for collecting foliage of glycyrrhiza |
JP2014217314A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-20 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | Cultivation method for potatoes |
CN105103873A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-02 | 邱文娟 | Color sweet potato culturing method |
CN114342765A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-15 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | Cultivation method for improving carbon fixation and emission reduction capability of sweet potatoes |
JP2023055003A (en) * | 2021-10-05 | 2023-04-17 | 株式会社しろはとファーム | Method of raising sweet potato seedlings |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2002125489A (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-05-08 | Enseki Aojiru Kk | Method for culturing young leaf of rice plant and rice |
JP2007089488A (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-12 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | Fertilizing method in potato cultivation |
JP2014158422A (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-09-04 | Green Innovation Inc | Method for collecting foliage of glycyrrhiza |
JP2014217314A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-20 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | Cultivation method for potatoes |
CN103404340A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-11-27 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Sweet potato used for mashed potato processing, and cultivation method and application thereof |
CN105103873A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-02 | 邱文娟 | Color sweet potato culturing method |
JP2023055003A (en) * | 2021-10-05 | 2023-04-17 | 株式会社しろはとファーム | Method of raising sweet potato seedlings |
CN114342765A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-15 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | Cultivation method for improving carbon fixation and emission reduction capability of sweet potatoes |
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