JP3728571B2 - How to grow sweet potato - Google Patents

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JP3728571B2
JP3728571B2 JP23960596A JP23960596A JP3728571B2 JP 3728571 B2 JP3728571 B2 JP 3728571B2 JP 23960596 A JP23960596 A JP 23960596A JP 23960596 A JP23960596 A JP 23960596A JP 3728571 B2 JP3728571 B2 JP 3728571B2
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sweet potato
vitamin
leaf
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fertilizer
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JPH1084766A (en
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雅弘 今村
久美子 貞包
賢治 岡崎
治 本田
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熊本製粉株式会社
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、栄養学的に有効なビタミン類およびミネラル類に富む葉身部および茎部を繰り返し刈り取る甘藷の栽培方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
甘藷は別称さつまいも、から芋とも呼ばれ我が国の主要食糧作物の1つに数えられている。産地別で見ると鹿児島、宮崎両県で全国の作付面積の約50%を占めており、その用途は大半が澱粉加工用に利用されている。しかし、近年安価な澱粉の輸入が増加しており、国内澱粉生産は減少している。それに伴って、甘藷の栽培面積も年々減少の一途を辿り、甘藷の新しい付加価値の創出が求められている。
甘藷の栽培方法は、通常3月上旬に25℃位に加温された電熱温床(苗床)に健全な種芋を伏せ込み、4月下旬から5月下旬にかけて苗取りを行う。
その後、基肥として堆肥および化学複合肥料を施した畝幅60〜70cm、株間30〜40cmの畝に苗床で得られた苗を斜め挿し,釣り針挿し,水平挿し,船底挿し,垂直挿しのいずれかの方法で定植される。その際、畝には黒色のビニールで被膜することが常法であるが、何らの被膜を施さないこともある。定植後は6月上旬から10月下旬の栽培期間中肥料を施すことなく露地栽培され、11月上旬に葉身部および茎部を刈り取って、芋部の収穫が行われる。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、甘藷の葉身部および茎部には、ビタミン・ミネラル類が豊富に含まれているにもかかわらず、その新鮮物または天日で乾燥したものを飼料として家畜に給餌するか、圃場に鋤き込んで肥料とする以外に、有効な利用法が知られていない。また、11月頃に刈り取られた葉身部および茎部は、気温の低下に伴い黄変化、枯朽化が進み、ビタミン類含有量の低下が避けられない。さらに、栄養分を多量に含有する葉身部は刈り取られた全体の2割にも満たないのが現状である。
そこで、本発明は、従来技術の上述のような現状に鑑み、甘藷の葉身部および茎部の有効利用を図ることを目的として、葉身部の収穫量を増大してビタミン・ミネラル類の取得量をより多くすることが可能な甘藷の新規な栽培方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【発明を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、以前より農業生産活動および農産加工工程において生じる種々の副産物について、栄養学的に有効な資源の探求を行い、天然物由来で安全なビタミン・ミネラル類を回収することを目的に鋭意研究を重ねてきた。その過程において、甘藷の葉身部には栄養学的に貴重なビタミン・ミネラル類が豊富に含まれていることに着目して、その取得量の増加に努めてきたところ、甘藷の葉身部および茎部を1年間に複数回刈り取り、その間に少なくとも1回窒素肥料を施肥することによって、前述の目的が達成されるとの知見を得て、本発明を完成するに到ったものである。
すなわち、本発明は、年間1度のみ葉身部および茎部を刈り取る従来の甘藷の栽培方法と異なり、苗の定植前後の適宜の時期に少なくとも年1回施肥すると共に、定植後に3〜6週間の間隔で1年間に複数回、具体的には3〜7回葉身部および茎部を繰り返し刈り取り、その間に少なくとも1回、10a当たり20〜100kgの窒素肥料を施肥する甘藷の栽培方法に係る。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の甘藷の栽培方法について詳述する。
まず、甘藷の従来の栽培方法に従い、健全な種芋を25℃程度に加温された苗床に伏せ込み、4月下旬から5月下旬にかけて苗取りを行う。種芋の品種としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば高系14号,コガネセンガン,シモン1号,ベニハヤト,農林1号,農林2号の他に、ベニアズマ,ベニコマチ,ツルセンガン,紅赤,ミナミユタカ,シロユタカ,山川紫等が挙げられる。
育苗の間、基肥として堆肥および化学肥料の少なくとも一方が施される。一般的な基肥量は、窒素肥料が10a当たり5〜15kg(すなわち5〜15kg/10a)、リン酸肥料が15〜30kg/10aおよびカリ肥料が10〜20kg/10aの範囲にあればよい。基肥を施した後に、幅60〜70cmの畝をマルチ栽培で用いられる黒色のビニールで被膜する。
被膜された畝に株間30〜40cmの間隔で切れ目を入れ、苗取りされた苗を定植する。その際、黒色のビニールで被膜してない畝に定植しても、本発明の栽培方法に何ら支障をきたすものではない。定植方法は、垂直挿し等従来のいずれの方法を採用しもよい。また、苗取りを行うことなく、健全な種芋を直接畝に定植する方法でも何ら問題はない。
次に、圃場において所定の期間栽培した後、畝より上部10cm位の箇所より刈り取り、甘藷の葉身部および茎部を収穫する。得られる葉身部および茎部には栄養学的に有効なビタミン・ミネラル類が豊富に含まれており、特に葉身部には茎部に比べて各種ビタミン類が数倍〜20倍程度含まれている。
【0006】
栄養学的に有効なビタミン類としては、例えばビタミンA,D,E,K等の脂溶性ビタミン、ビタミンB群,C等の水溶性ビタミン、ミネラル類としては、ナトリウム,マグネシウム,リン,カリウム,カルシウム,鉄,銅,亜鉛,その他の元素が挙げられる。
本発明者らは、葉身部のビタミンK含有量で以て葉身部および茎部の刈り取り時期を決定することが、栄養学的に最も望ましいとの知見を得ることができた。
すなわち、植物学的には甘藷の窒素栄養状態を知ることは重要なことであり、一般に植物体の窒素含量が多くなると葉の緑色が濃くなり、クロロフィル量も増加することが知られている。本発明において、甘藷のクロロフィル量が増加すると、栄養学的に有効なビタミン類も増加し、特に脂溶性ビタミンであるビタミンKとの間に高い相関があり、ビタミンK含有量で以て最適収穫量を決定することができる。かかるクロロフィル量とビタミンK量の相関によれば、甘藷の葉身部および茎部の刈り取り時期は、葉身部中のビタミンK含有量が800μg/100g以上となる3〜6週間の間隔が最適であることが判明した。
露地栽培は、一般に各栽培年度の気象条件により甘藷の生育状態が左右され、3〜6週間中の最適な刈り取り時期は変化する。刈り取り時期を葉身部のビタミンK含有量800μg/100g以上で以て決定することは、各栽培年度の気象条件に左右されることがなく、有効な手段といえる。したがって、本発明における刈り取り間隔は、一定の期間毎に、例えば3週間後毎に正確に間隔をあけて刈り取ることを必ずしも意味するものでない。また、刈り取り間隔3〜6週間とは、第3週目の初日(15日間)から第6週目の末日(48日間)までを意味する。
【0007】
ビタミンKの含有量は、通常高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を用いて分析されるが、分析操作が複雑で熟練を要するため、圃場での測定には簡便性に欠ける嫌いがある。勿論、適当な設備ないし施設を利用することにより、HPLC法だけでなく、ビタミンKの吸収極大波長の吸光度を測定して定量する吸光光度法,ナトリウムアルコラートと反応させて比色する比色法,医療品原料のような高純度品の定量に利用できる酸化還元法,ポーラログラフィー法や、ガスクロマトグラフィー法等により、葉身部のビタミンK含有量を測定することが可能である。
圃場で簡便に最適な刈り取り時期を決定するには、従来水稲用に開発された葉緑素計を用いて、ビタミンKの含有量を測定することが好ましい。ここに、葉緑素計とは、葉を損傷することなく、稲の葉に含まれるクロロフィル量が簡単にデジタル表示される軽量・コンパクトな計測器である。この計測器は、葉の緑色が濃くなると、植物の窒素含量が多くなると同時にクロロフィル量も多くなるという原理を利用している。より具体的には、クロロフィルの極大吸収がある600〜700nmの波長域と吸収のない赤外域との2つの波長の光学濃度差に基づいて、上記クロロフィル量を求める計測器である。
【0008】
本発明の栽培方法において、更に繰り返し甘藷の葉身部および茎部を刈り取ると、土壌中の養分特に窒素が減少するので、植物細胞の原形質を構成する蛋白質成分のアミノ酸や光合成を営むクロロフィルに含まれる窒素を補うことになる。したがって、3〜6週間の間隔での刈り取り後には、葉身部を生育させるために窒素肥料が追肥される
追肥の時期と回数は、特に限定されるものではないが、葉身部および茎部の刈り取りから1週間以内が望ましく、施す肥料は定植した苗の近くが好適である。上記窒素肥料の施肥量は、一般に20〜100kg/10aの範囲、より好ましくは30〜90kg/10aの範囲にある。20kg/10a未満の追肥では、甘藷が土壌に施された窒素肥料を充分吸収することができず、繰り返し刈り取ると葉身部および茎部が成長できず、黄変化、枯朽化することがある。一方、100kg/10aより多く追肥を行うと、土壌中の塩基濃度を高めることになり、根に障害を生じ根腐れが発生することがある。
【0009】
基肥および追肥に使用される窒素肥料としては、硫安,塩安,硝安,尿素,石灰窒素等が挙げられる。複合化学肥料としては、例えば燐安,硫化燐安等が挙げられる。この硫化燐安は、燐安であるリン酸1アンモニウムおよびリン酸2アンモニウムの混合液に硫酸アンモニウム(硫安)とカリ源として硫酸カリおよび塩化カリを加え、窒素:リン酸:カリを10:16:16の比に造粒した高度化成肥料である。
また、前記堆肥としては、例えば牛糞尿を自然流下式,遠心分離器,ロータリースクリーン等で固液分離し、水分調整,脱臭,通気性を促進するために樹皮,鋸屑等の木質原料を混合した後、数週間堆積腐熟させ、その間充分な切り返しを行いながら、堆肥化を進行させた完熟堆肥が好ましく用いられる。この完熟堆肥は、窒素,リン酸,カリ,石灰,苦土(MgO)等や微量要素を含有し、これらの養分を土壌に富化させて地力を増強させる作用がある。
【0010】
葉身部および茎部を1年間に複数回刈り取り、その間に窒素肥料の追肥を行うという本発明の甘藷の栽培方法によれば、従来の方法と比較して、葉身部で最大11倍、茎部でも最大2.5倍と収穫量が著しく増大する。また、葉身部を刈り取られた全体の45〜60%と効率良く収穫することができる。
前述したように、甘藷の葉身部および茎部には、ビタミン・ミネラル類が豊富に含有されている。例えば、葉身部において単位重量当たりのホウレン草と比較してみると、ビタミンCが約2倍、ビタミンEが7〜11倍、β−カロチン(プロビタミンA)が2〜3倍含まれる。
本発明の栽培方法により得られる甘藷の葉身部および茎部の利用法を示すと、次のようなものである。例えば、葉身部および茎部をまず蒸煮、細断し、次いでペースト化し、乾燥した後に、粉末化等の加工を施す。得られた粉末は、パン,麺,菓子等の小麦粉加工品、水産練り製品などの各種食品の添加物として、食品中のビタミン・ミネラル含量を高めることができ、更に繊維質含量も高い。したがって、現在偏りつつある国民の食生活中で不足がちのビタミン・ミネラル類を補給することができる。また、甘藷の芋部は、従来通り食用に供したり、澱粉加工用として利用することができる。
【0011】
【実施例】
以下、参考試験例および実施例によって本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
参考試験例
栽培試験は、各々縦4m×横4mに区画された10箇所を設定してこれを1グループとし、各区画の配置を互いに換えた3つのグループで実施された。各区画(合計30区画)は、黒色のビニールで被膜された畝幅60cm、株間40cmの畝からなる。また、基肥として、10a当たり大凡窒素肥料10kg,リン酸肥料20kg,カリ肥料15kgの割合となるよう、前記完熟堆肥100kgおよび硫化燐安10kgを栽培区全体に施した。なお、完熟堆肥の成分組成は、全窒素2.1%,リン酸4.5%,カリ2.8%,水分30.0%であり、そのpHは7.1であった。
【0012】
加温された苗床で得られた甘藷(品種:シモン1号)の苗60本を各区画に斜め挿しに定植し、6月上旬から10月下旬にかけて20週間栽培した。
試験区aは定植後3週間の間隔で合計7回、試験区bは4週間の間隔で5回、試験区cは5週間の間隔で4回、試験区dは6週間の間隔で合計4回、葉身部および茎部を刈り取ることにした。対照区aは、通常の栽培方法と同様に定植後、20週間後に1回のみ刈り取ることにした。また、対照区bは2週間の間隔で10回、対照区cは7週間の間隔で合計3回、対照区dは8週間の間隔で合計3回、対照区eは9週間の間隔で合計3回、対照区fは10週間の間隔で2回刈り取ることにした。
ここで、各試験区および各対照区毎の累積栽培期間を合わせるために、試験区a,試験区d,対照区c,対照区d,対照区eについては、対照区aと同じ時期に最後の刈り取りを行って栽培終了とした。例えば、試験区aにおいては3週間の間隔で6回刈り取り、その後は2週間の間隔で刈り取った。
【0013】
各時期に刈り取られた甘藷の葉身部および茎部は、全体の刈り取り量、葉身部の刈り取り量、茎部の刈り取り量をそれぞれ計測し、併せてビタミンK含有量も分析した。
対照区aを除く同一の試験区および対照区においては、刈り取り毎に得られた葉身部および茎部の重量を合算した。その3グループを平均した刈り取り量および葉身部と茎部の割合を表1に示す。
下記の表1に示すように、試験区a〜dにおいては、全体の平均刈り取り量86kg、葉身部の平均割合48.5%と良好であった。一方、通常の栽培方法つまり対照区aの栽培実績は、全体の刈り取り量が50kg、葉身部の割合が22%であり、刈り取り全体に占める葉身部の割合が著しく低かった。
【0014】
【表1】

Figure 0003728571
【0015】
ビタミンK含有量は前記HPLC法により分析し、その前処理として参考試験例で得られた葉身部および茎部を次のようにして処理した。まず精秤された葉身部または茎部にエタノール−水(8:2)を加え、5分間浸盪した。次いで、n−ヘキサンを加え、浸盪、遠心分離の後に粗抽出物を得た。この粗抽出物をシリカゲル充填のカラム中に通し、精製処理した。
HPLC法には、水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを用いる化学的還元法,電気的還元法,白金黒カラム還元法で蛍光性ハイドロキノンKに還元した後、蛍光検出法によりビタミンKを定量する方法が知られている。このうち、化学的還元法に従ってビタミンK含有量を分析した結果を下記の表2に示す。
表2中の葉身部および葉茎部(葉身部と茎部)の増加率は、各々対照区aに対する葉身部および葉茎部の刈り取り量とビタミンK含有量との増加率を積算したものである。また、表2の葉身部および茎部の各ビタミンK含有量をプロットしたものが図1である。
なお、前記試験区a〜dにおいて、葉身部の緑色が濃くなってからは、前記葉緑素計を用いて連日クロロフィル量の簡易分析を行ったが、刈り取り時点では後述の葉身部の葉緑素計値はいずれも46以上であった。
【0016】
【表2】
Figure 0003728571
【0017】
甘藷の葉身部には茎部の少なくとも2.9倍(対照区e)のビタミンKを含有しており、各試験区においては4倍のオーダーにある。また、対照区aと比較して、各試験区ともに葉身部のビタミンK含有量は1.5倍以上であり、葉身部および葉茎部全体では、栄養学的に有効なビタミンKを各々5.2〜7.3倍および3.3〜4.4倍取得することができた。
以上の参考試験例をまとめると、3〜6週間の間隔で甘藷の葉身部および茎部を刈り取ると、葉身部の割合およびそのビタミンK含有量が高められ、その故にビタミンK取得量が増大した葉身部および茎部を効率よく収穫することができた。対照区cにおいては、全体の刈り取り量、葉身部の割合ともに試験区とあまり遜色がないものの、葉身部および全体のビタミンKの取得量が少なかった。
【0018】
実施例
基肥として、10a当たり大凡窒素肥料10kg,リン酸肥料20kg,カリ肥料15kgの割合となるよう、参考試験例と同じ完熟堆肥および硫化燐安を3区画に施し、参考試験例と同様にして栽培試験を実施した。ただし、試験区eは、定植後3週間の間隔で6回刈り取り、その都度化学窒素肥料(硫安)を30kg/10aつまり4m×4mの試験区に対して0.48kg与えた。試験区fは、定植後3週間の間隔で刈り取り、その都度硫安を試験区に対して0.97kg(60kg/10a)与えた。試験区gは、定植後3週間の間隔で刈り取り、その都度硫安を試験区に対して1.45kg(90kg/10a)与えた。
前述のようにして刈り取られた甘藷の葉茎部の刈り取り量(全体量)、葉身部の刈り取り量、茎部の刈り取り量、更に葉身部のビタミンK含有量(単位:μg/100g)を表3に示す。表3には、追肥を行うことなく定植後3週間の間隔で刈り取った参考試験例の試験区aと、通常の栽培方法に係る前記対照区aの栽培実績を併せて示す。
【0019】
【表3】
Figure 0003728571
甘藷の葉身部および茎部を3週間の間隔で刈り取った後、その都度窒素肥料を施す試験区e〜gよれば、葉身部の割合が更に向上し、全体の刈り取り量も約2倍以上に向上した。同時に、試験区fにおいては、葉身部のビタミンK含有量および取得量も、試験区aと比較すると、それぞれ1.4倍,5.0倍に向上した。
【0020】
次に、対照区aと試験区fで得られた甘藷の葉身部および茎部について、その100g中の成分割合と対照区aに対する試験区fの各成分の増加率(%)を表4に示す。
【表4】
Figure 0003728571
表4からも明らかなように、ナトリウムを除いて葉身部中のビタミン・ミネラル類の含有量が大幅に増加していることが分かる。
【0021】
参考試験例および実施例1の試験区a〜gおよび対照区aにおいて、各区の葉身部をアトランダムに採取した4つの試料中のクロロフィルおよびビタミンK含有量を測定した。その測定結果を図2のグラフに示す。図2の「クロロフィル量−ビタミンK量」に示すように、回帰式はy=5.0193x−147.27で表され、相関係数rは0.9578と高い関係があることが判明した。
葉身部中のクロロフィル分析を圃場で簡単に測定する計測器としては、前述した葉緑素計を利用することができる。この葉緑素計(SPAD−502:ミノルタカメラ販売(株)製)により、上記と同一の試料のビタミンK含有量と葉緑素計(SPAD)値を図3のグラフに示す。図3の「ビタミンK量−葉緑素計(SPAD)値」に示すように、回帰式はy=0.0135x+35.074で表され、相関係数rは0.9050と高い関係がある。本発明では、葉身部および茎部の刈り取り時期は、3〜6週間以外の間隔では得ることができない葉身部のビタミンK含有量が800μg/100g以上になった時、すなわち図3から葉緑素計値が46以上を示す時が好適である。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、甘藷の苗を定植した後、3〜6週間の間隔で葉身部および茎部を繰り返し刈り取ることにより、栄養学的に有効なビタミン・ミネラル類を豊富に含有する葉身部および茎部を効率よく収穫することができる。
しかも、刈り取り後に追肥を施すことにより、更に好ましくは、葉身部中のビタミンK含有量が所定値以上になった時に刈り取ることにより、ビタミンK以外にも他のビタミン類およびミネラル類の含有量が増加した甘藷の葉身部を効率よく収穫することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 各栽培区で刈り取られた甘藷の葉身部と茎部の各ビタミンK含有量を示すグラフである。
【図2】 甘藷の葉身部中のクロロフィル含有量とビタミンK含有量の関係を示すグラフである。
【図3】 甘藷の葉身部中のビタミンK含有量と葉緑素計(SPAD)値の関係を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for cultivating sweet potatoes that repeatedly cuts leaf and stem portions rich in nutritionally effective vitamins and minerals.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Gansu is also known as sweet potato or potato and is counted as one of the major food crops in Japan. By production area, Kagoshima and Miyazaki Prefectures account for about 50% of the total acreage in the country, and most of its uses are used for starch processing. However, in recent years, the import of cheap starch has increased and domestic starch production has decreased. Along with this, the cultivation area of sweet potato has been steadily decreasing year by year, and the creation of new added value of sweet potato is required.
In the sweet potato cultivation method, healthy seed pods are buried in an electric hotbed (nursery bed) heated to about 25 ° C. in early March, and seedlings are collected from late April to late May.
After that, insert the seedlings obtained from the nursery bed into the ridges of 60 to 70 cm of cocoon width and 30 to 40 cm of vines with compost and chemical compound fertilizer as the basic fertilizer, and insert any of the fishhook, horizontal, boat bottom, or vertical Planted in the way. At that time, it is usual to coat the bag with black vinyl, but there are cases where no film is applied. After planting, it is cultivated in the open field without fertilizer during the cultivation period from the beginning of June to the end of October, and the blade part and stem part are cut in early November, and the buttock is harvested.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, despite the abundance of vitamins and minerals in the sugarcane leaves and stems, either fresh or dried in the sun are fed to livestock or in the field. There is no known effective method of use other than instilling fertilizer. In addition, the leaf blades and stems harvested around November undergo yellowing and decay with the decrease in temperature, and a decrease in vitamin content is inevitable. Furthermore, the leaf blade part containing a large amount of nutrients is less than 20% of the whole cut.
Therefore, in view of the above-described current state of the prior art, the present invention increases the yield of leaf blades for the purpose of effective utilization of the leaf blades and stems of sweet potato. The object is to provide a novel method for cultivating sweet potato that can increase the amount of acquisition.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Invention]
The present inventors have conducted a search for nutritionally effective resources for various by-products generated in agricultural production activities and agricultural processing processes, and have been aiming to recover safe vitamins and minerals derived from natural products. Has been intensively researched. In that process, we focused on increasing the amount of nutritionally valuable vitamins and minerals in the sugarcane leaf blades. and stems Ri reaper several times a year, by fertilization at least one nitrogen fertilizer during, those obtained knowledge of the purpose mentioned above is achieved, and have completed the present invention It is.
That is, the present invention is different from the cultivation method of the conventional sweet potato reap only once leaf blade portion and the stem portion year, as well as fertilization least annually appropriate time after previous planting seedlings, after planting 3-6 several times a year at weekly intervals, in particular Ri reaper repeated 3-7 Kaihami portion and the stem portion, the cultivation of sweet potato for fertilization at least once, of 20~100kg per 10a fertilizer therebetween Related to the method.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the cultivation method of the sweet potato of this invention is explained in full detail.
First, in accordance with a conventional method for cultivating sweet potatoes, healthy seed buds are laid down on a nursery bed heated to about 25 ° C., and seedlings are collected from late April to late May. Variety of seed varieties is not particularly limited. For example, in addition to high line 14, Koganesengan, Simon 1, Benihayato, Norin 1, Norin 2, Beniyazuma, Benikomachi, Tsurusengan, Red, Minami Yutaka, white yutaka, purple Yamakawa etc. are mentioned.
During the seedling raising, at least one of compost and chemical fertilizer is applied as a basic fertilizer. The general base fertilizer amount may be in the range of 5 to 15 kg (ie, 5 to 15 kg / 10a) for nitrogen fertilizer, 15 to 30 kg / 10a for phosphate fertilizer, and 10 to 20 kg / 10a for potash fertilizer. After applying the basic fertilizer, a cocoon having a width of 60 to 70 cm is coated with black vinyl used in mulch cultivation.
Cuts are cut into the coated cocoons at intervals of 30 to 40 cm between the plants, and the seedlings that have been removed are planted. At that time, even if the plants are planted in black vines that are not coated with black vinyl, they do not hinder the cultivation method of the present invention. As the planting method, any conventional method such as vertical insertion may be adopted. In addition, there is no problem with the method of planting healthy seed pods directly into the pods without removing seedlings.
Next, after cultivating for a predetermined period in the field, the licorice leaves and stems are harvested from a portion about 10 cm above the persimmon and harvested. The obtained leaf blades and stems are rich in nutritionally effective vitamins and minerals, especially the leaf blades contain several to 20 times the various vitamins compared to the stems. It is.
[0006]
Nutritionally effective vitamins include, for example, fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K, water-soluble vitamins such as vitamins B and C, and minerals such as sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, Examples include calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and other elements.
The present inventors were able to obtain the knowledge that it is nutritionally most desirable to determine the cutting time of the leaf blade part and the stem part based on the vitamin K content in the leaf blade part.
That is, it is important to know the nitrogen nutritional status of sweet potato from a botanical viewpoint, and it is generally known that as the nitrogen content of the plant increases, the green color of the leaves increases and the amount of chlorophyll increases. In the present invention, when the amount of sweet potato chlorophyll increases, the nutritionally effective vitamins also increase, and there is a high correlation with vitamin K, which is a particularly fat-soluble vitamin. The amount can be determined. According to the correlation between the amount of chlorophyll and the amount of vitamin K, the harvest time of the sweet potato leaves and stems is optimally set at intervals of 3 to 6 weeks when the content of vitamin K in the leaf blades is 800 μg / 100 g or more. It turned out to be.
In outdoor cultivation, the growth state of sweet potato is generally influenced by the weather conditions of each cultivation year, and the optimum harvesting time in 3 to 6 weeks varies. It can be said that it is an effective means to determine the harvesting time with the vitamin K content of the leaf blade part being 800 μg / 100 g or more without being influenced by the weather conditions of each cultivation year. Therefore, the mowing interval in the present invention does not necessarily mean that mowing is performed at an accurate interval every certain period, for example, every three weeks. The cutting interval 3 to 6 weeks means from the first day (15 days) of the third week to the last day (48 days) of the sixth week.
[0007]
The content of vitamin K is usually analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, since the analytical operation is complicated and requires skill, there is a lack of simplicity in measurement in the field. Of course, by using appropriate equipment or facilities, not only the HPLC method, but also the absorptiometric method for measuring and quantifying the absorbance at the absorption maximum wavelength of vitamin K, the colorimetric method for colorimetric reaction with sodium alcoholate, The vitamin K content in the leaf blades can be measured by a redox method, a polarography method, a gas chromatography method, or the like that can be used for quantification of a high-purity product such as a raw material for medical products.
In order to easily determine the optimal harvesting time in the field, it is preferable to measure the content of vitamin K using a chlorophyll meter developed for conventional rice. Here, the chlorophyll meter is a lightweight and compact measuring instrument that easily digitally displays the amount of chlorophyll contained in rice leaves without damaging the leaves. This measuring instrument uses the principle that as the green color of the leaves increases, the nitrogen content of the plant increases and at the same time the amount of chlorophyll increases. More specifically, the measuring device obtains the amount of chlorophyll based on an optical density difference between two wavelengths, ie, a wavelength region of 600 to 700 nm where the maximum absorption of chlorophyll is present and an infrared region where there is no absorption.
[0008]
In the cultivation method of the present invention, when the sweet potato leaf blades and stems are further cut repeatedly, nutrients in the soil, especially nitrogen, decrease, so that amino acids of protein components constituting plant cell protoplasts and chlorophylls that perform photosynthesis It will supplement the nitrogen contained. Therefore, after cutting at intervals of 3 to 6 weeks, nitrogen fertilizer is additionally fertilized to grow the leaf blades.
The timing and frequency of top dressing are not particularly limited, but are preferably within one week from the cutting of the leaf blades and stems, and the fertilizer to be applied is preferably near the planted seedlings. The fertilizer application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is generally in the range of 20 to 100 kg / 10a, more preferably in the range of 30 to 90 kg / 10a. If the fertilizer is less than 20 kg / 10a, the sweet potato cannot sufficiently absorb the nitrogen fertilizer applied to the soil, and if it is repeatedly cut, the leaf blades and stems cannot grow, and the yellowing and dying may occur. On the other hand, when topdressing more than 100 kg / 10a is performed, the base concentration in the soil is increased, and root damage may occur and root rot may occur.
[0009]
Nitrogen fertilizers used for base fertilization and top dressing include ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea, lime nitrogen and the like. Examples of complex chemical fertilizers include phosphorous and phosphorous sulfide. In this phosphorous sulfide, ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulfate) and potassium sulfate and potassium chloride as potassium sources are added to a mixed solution of ammonium phosphate and ammonium ammonium phosphate, and nitrogen: phosphate: potassium is added at 10:16: Advanced chemical fertilizer granulated to a ratio of 16.
In addition, as the compost, for example, cattle manure is solid-liquid separated with a natural flow type, centrifuge, rotary screen, etc., and mixed with woody materials such as bark and sawdust to promote moisture adjustment, deodorization, and air permeability Thereafter, a matured compost that has been composted while being piled up to maturity for several weeks and performing sufficient turnover during that period is preferably used. This fully-ripened compost contains nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, lime, bitter earth (MgO), and other trace elements, and has the effect of enriching these nutrients in the soil and enhancing the ground strength.
[0010]
Ri reaper multiple times Leaf portion and the stem portion 1 year, according to the cultivation method of sweet potato according to the invention of performing nitrogen fertilizer top dressing during, as compared to conventional methods, up to 11 in leaf blades portion The yield is significantly increased by a factor of 2.5 and a maximum of 2.5 times in the stem. In addition, 45 to 60% of the whole blade parts can be harvested efficiently.
As described above, the sweet potato leaves and stems are rich in vitamins and minerals. For example, when compared with spinach per unit weight in the leaf blade, vitamin C is contained about twice, vitamin E is about 7 to 11 times, and β-carotene (provitamin A) is contained about 2 to 3 times.
The utilization method of the leafy part and stem part of the sweet potato obtained by the cultivation method of the present invention is as follows. For example, the blade part and stem part are first steamed, chopped, then pasted, dried, and then processed into powder. The obtained powder can increase the vitamin / mineral content in foods and has a high fiber content as an additive to various foods such as processed flour products such as bread, noodles and confectionery, and fishery paste products. Therefore, it is possible to replenish vitamins and minerals that tend to be deficient in the current eating habits of the nation. Moreover, the sweet potato cocoon part can be used for food as usual, or can be used for starch processing.
[0011]
【Example】
Is specifically described below with reference test examples and examples the present invention, the present invention is not in any way limited to the following examples.
The reference test example cultivation test was carried out in three groups, each of which was divided into 4 groups each having a length of 4 m and a width of 4 m. Each section (30 sections in total) consists of ridges with a ridge width of 60 cm and a stock of 40 cm coated with black vinyl. Further, as a basic fertilizer, 100 kg of fully matured compost and 10 kg of phosphorous sulfide were applied to the entire cultivation area so as to have a ratio of approximately 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 10 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 15 kg of potassium fertilizer per 10 a. The component composition of fully-ripened compost was 2.1% total nitrogen, 4.5% phosphoric acid, 2.8% potassium, 30.0% moisture, and its pH was 7.1.
[0012]
Sixty seedlings of sweet potato (variety: Simon No. 1) obtained from the heated nursery were planted obliquely in each section and cultivated for 20 weeks from early June to late October.
Test plot a is 7 times in total at intervals of 3 weeks after planting, Test plot b is 5 times in intervals of 4 weeks, Test plot c is 4 times in intervals of 5 weeks, and Test plot d is 4 in total at intervals of 6 weeks. I decided to cut the leaf part and stem part. Control plot a was cut only once after 20 weeks after planting in the same manner as the normal cultivation method. Control group b is 10 times at 2 week intervals, Control group c is 3 times at 7 week intervals, Control group d is 3 times at 8 week intervals, and Control group e is at 9 week intervals. Three times, the control group f was cut twice at an interval of 10 weeks.
Here, in order to match the cumulative cultivation period for each test group and each control group, the test group a, the test group d, the control group c, the control group d, and the control group e last at the same time as the control group a. The cultivation was completed after cutting. For example, in the test area a, the grass was cut 6 times at intervals of 3 weeks, and then cut at intervals of 2 weeks.
[0013]
As for the leafy part and stem part of the sweet potato harvested at each time, the total cutting amount, the cutting amount of the leaf part, and the cutting amount of the stem part were measured, and the vitamin K content was also analyzed.
In the same test group and control group excluding the control group a, the weights of the leaf blades and stems obtained for each cutting were added up. Table 1 shows the amount of cutting averaged for the three groups and the ratio of the blade part to the stem part.
As shown in Table 1 below, in the test sections a to d, the overall average cutting amount was 86 kg, and the average ratio of leaf blades was 48.5%, which was favorable. On the other hand, as for the cultivation results of the normal cultivation method, that is, the control section a, the total amount of cutting was 50 kg, and the proportion of leaf blades was 22%, and the proportion of leaf blades in the whole cutting was extremely low.
[0014]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003728571
[0015]
Vitamin K content was analyzed by the HPLC method, and as a pretreatment, the leaf blade part and stem part obtained in the reference test example were treated as follows. First, ethanol-water (8: 2) was added to a precisely weighed leaf blade or stem, and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. Then, n-hexane was added, and a crude extract was obtained after shaking and centrifugation. This crude extract was passed through a column packed with silica gel and purified.
The HPLC method is known to quantitate vitamin K by a fluorescence detection method after reduction to fluorescent hydroquinone K by chemical reduction method using sodium borohydride, electrical reduction method, platinum black column reduction method. Yes. Of these, the results of analysis of vitamin K content according to the chemical reduction method are shown in Table 2 below.
The increase rate of leaf blades and leaf stems (leaf blades and stems) in Table 2 is the sum of the increase rates of the amount of cut and the vitamin K content of leaf blades and leaf stems relative to the control plot a. It is a thing. Moreover, what plotted each vitamin K content of the leaf blade part and stem part of Table 2 is FIG.
In the test sections a to d, after the green color of the leaf blade portion became dark, the chlorophyll meter was used to perform a simple analysis of the daily chlorophyll amount. The values were all 46 or more.
[0016]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003728571
[0017]
The sweet potato leaves contain vitamin K at least 2.9 times the stem (control group e), and each test group is on the order of 4 times. In addition, the vitamin K content in the leaf blades is 1.5 times or more in each test group compared to the control group a, and nutritionally effective vitamin K is added to the whole leaf blades and leaf stems. Each of 5.2 to 7.3 times and 3.3 to 4.4 times could be obtained.
Summarizing the above reference test examples , when the leaf blades and stems of sweet potato are cut at intervals of 3 to 6 weeks, the proportion of the leaf blades and the content of vitamin K thereof are increased. The increased leaf blades and stems could be harvested efficiently. In the control group c, the total amount of cutting and the ratio of leaf blades were not inferior to the test group, but the amount of leaf K and whole vitamin K were small.
[0018]
Example 1
As the basic fertilizer, 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 10a, phosphate fertilizer 20kg, potash fertilizer 15kg, the same matured compost and phosphorous ammonium sulphate as in the reference test example are applied to the three sections, and the cultivation test is conducted in the same manner as the reference test example. Carried out. However, the test plot e was cut 6 times at intervals of 3 weeks after planting, and each time 0.48 kg of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) was given to the test plot of 30 kg / 10a, that is, 4 m × 4 m. The test plot f was cut at intervals of 3 weeks after planting, and 0.97 kg (60 kg / 10a) of ammonium sulfate was given to the test plot each time. The test plot g was cut at intervals of 3 weeks after planting, and 1.45 kg (90 kg / 10a) of ammonium sulfate was given to the test plot each time.
The amount of stalks of the sweet potatoes cut as described above (total amount), the amount of cuts of the leaf blades, the amount of cuts of the stems, and the vitamin K content of the leaf blades (unit: μg / 100 g) Is shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows the cultivation results of the test group a of the reference test example that was harvested at intervals of 3 weeks after planting without additional fertilization and the control group a according to the normal cultivation method.
[0019]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003728571
According to the test areas eg, where the leaf and stem parts of the sweet potato are cut at intervals of 3 weeks and then nitrogen fertilizer is applied each time, the proportion of the leaf blades is further improved and the total cut amount is approximately doubled. More than improved. At the same time, in the test group f, the vitamin K content and the acquired amount in the leaf blade part were also improved by 1.4 times and 5.0 times, respectively, as compared with the test group a.
[0020]
Next, regarding the sweet potato leaf blades and stems obtained in the control group a and the test group f, the ratio of components in 100 g and the increase rate (%) of each component in the test group f with respect to the control group a are shown in Table 4. Shown in
[Table 4]
Figure 0003728571
As is apparent from Table 4, it can be seen that the content of vitamins and minerals in the leaf blades is greatly increased except for sodium.
[0021]
In the test groups a to g and the control group a of Example 1 and the control group a, chlorophyll and vitamin K contents in four samples obtained by randomly collecting the leaf blades of each group were measured. The measurement results are shown in the graph of FIG. As shown in “Chlorophyll amount−Vitamin K amount” in FIG. 2, the regression equation was expressed as y = 5.0193 × -147.27, and the correlation coefficient r was found to be highly correlated with 0.9578.
The chlorophyll meter described above can be used as a measuring instrument that easily measures chlorophyll analysis in the leaf blades in the field. With this chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502: manufactured by Minolta Camera Sales Co., Ltd.), the vitamin K content and chlorophyll meter (SPAD) value of the same sample as above are shown in the graph of FIG. As shown in “Vitamin K amount−chlorophyll meter (SPAD) value” in FIG. 3, the regression equation is expressed as y = 0.0135x + 35.074, and the correlation coefficient r is highly correlated with 0.9050. In the present invention, the leaf blade part and the stem part are cut when the vitamin K content in the blade part, which cannot be obtained at intervals other than 3 to 6 weeks, is 800 μg / 100 g or more, that is, from FIG. The time when the total value shows 46 or more is suitable.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention provides a leaf blade portion rich in nutritionally effective vitamins and minerals by repeatedly cutting the leaf blade portion and stem portion at intervals of 3 to 6 weeks after planting sweet potato seedlings, and The stem can be efficiently harvested.
In addition, the content of other vitamins and minerals other than vitamin K can be obtained by applying additional fertilization after cutting, and more preferably by cutting when the vitamin K content in the leaf blade portion exceeds a predetermined value. It is possible to efficiently harvest the sweet potato leaves that have increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing the contents of vitamin K in the leaves and stems of sweet potato cut in each cultivation area.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between chlorophyll content and vitamin K content in the sweet potato leaf blades.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the content of vitamin K in the leaf portion of sweet potato and the chlorophyll meter (SPAD) value.

Claims (2)

適宜の時期に少なくとも年1回施肥すると共に、甘藷の苗を定植した後、葉身部および茎部を3〜6週間の間隔で1年間に複数回刈り取ることにより葉身部および茎部を繰り返し収穫し、葉身部および茎部の刈り取り後から次回の刈り取りまでの間に少なくとも1回、10a当たり20〜100kgの窒素肥料を施肥することを特徴とする甘藷の栽培方法。As well as fertilization at least once a year on the appropriate timing, after planting the seedlings of sweet potato, leaf blade section and the rehabilitation body part by the fact that reap more than once to the stem for one year at 3-6 week intervals and stems Is repeatedly harvested and fertilized with 20-100 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 10a at least once between the cutting of the leaf blade and stem and the next cutting . 葉身部中のビタミンK含有量が800μg/100g以上に増加した時点で、前記葉身部および茎部を刈り取る請求項1記載の甘藷の栽培方法。  The method for cultivating sweet potato according to claim 1, wherein when the vitamin K content in the leaf blade portion is increased to 800 µg / 100 g or more, the leaf blade portion and the stem portion are cut.
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