JPH1042730A - Water culture apparatus for plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water culture apparatus for plant, capable of generating utilities such as water and electric power necessary for the culture of plant by solar energy and minimizing or eliminating the use of external utilities. SOLUTION: This water culture apparatus is at least provided with a roofed culture chamber 100, a water-culture facility 200, a photovoltaic power generation apparatus 400 and a desalination apparatus 300. The photovoltaic power generation apparatus 400 supplies the total or a part of power and the desalination apparatus 300 supplies the total or a part of water necessary for the water culture of plant. The apparatus is further provided with a water-temperature controlling apparatus 500 to control the temperature of the water-culture liquid of the water culture facility 200 to a prescribed level suitable for water culture.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus that utilizes solar energy and is particularly suitable for plant cultivation in an unsuitable plant cultivation area.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In hot and dry barren areas such as deserts which occupy a large part of the earth's land area, the sun is strong and the soil has no water retention capacity. In order to grow plants in this area, it is essential to improve the environment and soil for large-scale plant growth. In addition, such an area is an area where plant cultivation is impossible because utilities such as water and electric power cannot be easily obtained. The situation is the same in an isolated island or the like that has been disconnected from the surroundings.

In the above-mentioned barren areas, enabling plant cultivation by supplying utilities and improving the cultivation environment solves the problem of food shortage for human habitation and living activities in such areas and the entire earth. Therefore, it has become a very important issue.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and not only minimizes or eliminates the need for external introduction of utilities necessary for plant cultivation by utilizing solar energy, but also increases the amount of solar radiation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a plant hydroponic cultivation device that enables plant cultivation even under high temperatures.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above problems, means according to the first to seventh aspects of the present invention are presented. The invention according to claim 1 is a plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus equipped with a cultivation room having at least a roof, a hydroponic cultivation facility having a hydroponic liquid temperature control means, a solar power generation apparatus, and a desalination apparatus, All or part of the electric power required by the plant hydroponic device is obtained from the solar power generation device, and all or part of the water used for the hydroponic solution is obtained by the desalination device. .

[0006] The invention described in claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1.
In the plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the above, the hydroponic liquid temperature adjusting means operates a motor-driven refrigerator by electric power supplied from the solar power generation apparatus during the daytime with solar radiation to produce cold heat, and the cold heat production apparatus A heat storage tank for storing the cooling medium from the apparatus, configured to be able to supply at least one day's required amount of cooling heat, and the cooling medium and the water culture liquid from the heat storage tank according to the temperature of the hydroponic liquid. And a heat exchange unit for exchanging heat between the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the first aspect, the hydroponic liquid temperature adjusting means is dedicated to a photovoltaic power generator and / or a deep sea water circulation pump during daytime when there is solar radiation. A deep seawater circulating pump driven by electric power supplied from a photovoltaic power generator separately installed in the chiller, and heat exchange between the low temperature deep seawater pumped by the deep seawater circulating pump and a cooling medium. A heat storage tank for storing a cooling medium that has exchanged heat with the section, so as to be able to supply at least one day's required amount of cold heat, and to cool and heat the cooling medium from the heat storage tank according to the temperature of the hydroponic solution. It is characterized by comprising a heat exchanging section for exchanging heat with the liquid.

As described later, this realizes energy saving and highly efficient water temperature adjustment. However, the present invention does not necessarily exclude a method of exchanging heat with the hydroponic liquid in a state in which deep sea water is stored directly in a transfer pipe or in a storage tank. Also,
The deep sea water circulation pump does not prevent using a power source other than the solar power generator. Further, it is obvious that control means such as an optical sensor and a clock-type control mechanism, a battery and other auxiliary power may be provided in the present invention just in case.

The invention described in claim 4 is the first invention.
In the plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the above, the hydroponic liquid temperature adjusting means is driven by electric power supplied from the solar power generation apparatus in the daytime with solar radiation and hot water supplied from a solar water heater having a heat storage tank. And a heat storage tank for storing a cooling medium from the adsorption refrigerator, and configured to be able to supply a required amount of cold energy at least for one day. It is characterized by comprising a heat exchanging section for exchanging heat between the cooling medium from the heat storage tank and the hydroponic solution accordingly. The adsorption refrigerator can efficiently extract cold heat even with low temperature water of about 65 ° C. Further, the heat storage tank is preferably of an underground type.

[0010] The invention described in claim 5 is the first invention.
In the plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to any one of to 4, a part or the whole of the solar power generation panel of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus is installed on a roof of a cultivation room in a direction substantially orthogonal to a solar orbit, and the roof is installed. And the solar panel is installed such that the inclination angle of the solar power generation panel is an optimum inclination angle with respect to the sunlight incident angle.

[0011] In the plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the fifth aspect, the photovoltaic power generation panel is disposed by using a beam on the roof of the cultivation room, and the inclined surface of the cultivation room roof and the photovoltaic power generation panel are arranged. It is preferable that a tunnel-shaped gap is formed between the photovoltaic panel and the rear surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel by the chimney effect of the gap.

[0012] In the above-mentioned plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus, it is further preferable that a radiation fin is attached to the back surface of the solar panel in parallel with (along) the flow of the cooling air.

The invention according to claim 6 is the first invention.
The plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein a solar power generation panel of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus is mounted on the roof of the cultivation room in consideration of the sun's orbit of the whole year and the installation position of the cultivation room. In a slit shape parallel to the direction substantially perpendicular to the sun's orbit, and by optimizing the ratio of the slit width and the width of light shielding by the photovoltaic panel, it is possible to accumulate one day on the cultivation surface of the hydroponic cultivation equipment. It is characterized in that the amount of solar radiation is made substantially uniform.

The invention described in claim 7 is the same as the claim 6.
In the plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the above, by installing a curtain made of a semi-translucent material above the cultivation surface, to soften and scatter sunlight, on the cultivation surface generated by the solar power generation panel installation Light and darkness are reduced, and the solar radiation can be supplied to the cultivation surface as uniformly as possible.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a system configuration of the plant hydroponics apparatus of the present invention. The plant hydroponics apparatus comprises a cultivation room 100, a hydroponic cultivation facility 200, a desalination apparatus 30.
0, equipped with a photovoltaic power generator 400, and all or a part of the electric power required by the plant hydroponics
00, and all or a part of the water required for hydroponics is obtained by the desalination apparatus 300.

Further, there is provided a hydroponic liquid temperature controller 500 for adjusting the liquid temperature of the hydroponic liquid used in the hydroponic cultivation equipment 200 to a predetermined temperature suitable for cultivation. In the present embodiment, the set range of the liquid temperature of the hydroponic solution is set to 15 ° C. to 30 ° C., and the temperature is adjusted so that the set temperature determined by the cultivation conditions is constant in this range. However, the high temperature side is 2
It is desirable that the temperature is 5 ° C. or less.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a cultivation room, a hydroponic cultivation facility, and a hydroponic liquid temperature control device. The cultivation room 100 has a roof 101 and a side wall 102, and a solar power generation panel 401, which is a component device of the solar power generation device 400, is installed on the roof 101 as described in detail later. In addition, cultivation room 1
The curtain 103 driven by the electric motor 105 and the curtain 1 driven by the electric motor 106
04, a skylight 115 driven by an electric motor 116 and a lighting device 107 are provided.
Is provided with a curtain 104 ′ driven by. Note that the roof 101 and the side walls 102 are made of a material that allows sunlight to sufficiently pass therethrough.

The curtain 103 is for adjusting the amount of solar radiation in the cultivation room 100. Further, the curtain 104 or the curtain 104 'also has a heat retaining action for preventing a temperature drop in the cultivation room due to heat radiation at a low outside air temperature or at night. Further, the skylight 115 is opened due to the rise in humidity and temperature in the cultivation room, and the room is ventilated to adjust the humidity and temperature.

At the lower end of the inclined roof 101, a gutter 108
The rainwater that has fallen on the roof 101 is collected by the rain gutter 108 and flows to the sand filtration device 301. Reference numeral 114 denotes a solar radiation sensor for detecting the amount of solar radiation, and reference numeral 109 denotes an environment control device for controlling an environment such as temperature and humidity in the cultivation room 100.

The hydroponic cultivation equipment 200 is disposed in the cultivation room 100 as described above. The hydroponic cultivation equipment 200 includes a cultivation tank 201 and a hydroponic liquid tank 202. Can be supplied to the cultivation tank 201 by the pumps 203 and 204. Cultivation tank 201
The hydroponic solution supplied to the cultivation tank 201 is adjusted to maintain a constant liquid level in the cultivation tank 201 after passing through the cultivation tank 201, and is discharged from an overflow nozzle capable of adjusting the liquid level. A circulation system of the hydroponic liquid is formed so as to return to the liquid tank 202.

Here, in the figure, the hydroponic solution tank 202 is installed on the ground.
1. The ease of the flow of the hydroponic liquid from
It is desirable to bury it underground because of the constant temperature of the hydroponic solution inside. Fresh water is supplied to the inside of the hydroponic solution tank 202 from a freshwater tank 303 buried underground in the desalination apparatus 300 by a pump 335 so that the level of the hydroponic solution is kept constant.

A temperature control coil 205 is provided in the hydroponic solution tank 202.
Is sent to the temperature control coil 205 from the heat storage tank 501 buried underground of the hydroponic liquid temperature control device 500, and performs heat exchange with the hydroponic liquid in the hydroponic liquid tank 202, The liquid temperature of the hydroponic solution can be adjusted to a predetermined temperature suitable for cultivation.

An oxygen supply unit 206 supplies oxygen to the hydroponic solution in the cultivation tank 201 to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the hydroponic solution. Also, 208, 2
Reference numeral 08 'denotes a pH adjusting device, and the pumps 207 and 20 maintain the hydroponic solution in the hydroponic solution tank 202 at a predetermined PH value.
At 7 ', an alkali adjustment liquid or an acid adjustment liquid can be supplied. Reference numeral 210 denotes an automatic top-up fertilizer, which can supply a stock solution in which fertilizer is dissolved to the hydroponic solution in the hydroponic liquid tank 202 by a pump 209.

Reference numeral 211 denotes a fertilizer detection sensor for detecting the fertilizer concentration of the hydroponic liquid in the hydroponic liquid tank 202, and reference numeral 212 denotes P of the hydroponic liquid.
It is a PH detection sensor for detecting the H value, and is the solar radiation amount sensor 114, the fertilizer detection sensor 211, the PH detection sensor
The output of 12 is sent to the measurement / control room 110, and various devices such as the environment control device 109 and the pump are controlled by a command from the measurement / control room 110.

The water culture temperature controller 500 is an electric refrigerator 5
02 and the solar power generation device 400 in the daytime with solar radiation.
The pump 503 and the electric refrigerator 502 are operated by the electric power supplied from the chiller to cool the cold storage liquid in the heat storage tank 501, the cold storage liquid is stored in the heat storage tank 501, and the water culture in the water culture liquid tank 202 is performed. The regenerator liquid in the heat storage tank 501 is sent to the temperature control coil 205 by the pump 504 according to the liquid temperature of the liquid, and exchanges heat with the hydroponic liquid in the hydroponic liquid tank 202.

A level sensor 505 detects the level of the cold storage liquid in the heat storage tank 501. Here, the electric refrigerator 502 refers to a mechanical compression refrigerator such as a turbo type or a piston type that mechanically compresses a refrigerant and that obtains cold heat by being driven by the electric motor. In this embodiment, an air-cooled type is used.

Although not described in detail in the present embodiment, the power consumption of the pump, which is required to operate continuously for 24 hours in the cultivation room 100, the power required for the control, and all other power are sunlight. By configuring so that the power from the power generation device 400 is supplied via the storage battery, external power supply is not required, and the plant is configured as an independent plant hydroponic cultivation facility.

It should be noted that the hydroponic liquid temperature control device is not limited to the above-described configuration. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, a deep sea water circulation pump 520 is provided. The deep seawater circulation pump 520 is activated by the electric power supplied from the photovoltaic power generation device 521 installed alone, and the low-temperature deepwater 308 a
And the cooling coil 5 provided in the heat storage tank 501.
22 and exchanges heat with the cold storage liquid in the heat storage tank 501 for cooling.
It is preferable that the water is sent to the temperature control coil 205 by the pump 504 in accordance with the temperature of the hydroponic liquid in the tank 02 to exchange heat with the hydroponic liquid in the hydroponic liquid tank 202.

As described above, the photovoltaic power generator 521 is installed solely for driving the deep sea water circulation pump 520, and the circulation system 523 for the deep sea water 308a is closed at the same time. However, the deep sea water circulation pump 520 can be installed at an optimal place, and even without the storage battery, even when the deep sea water circulation pump 520 is operated by the power generation amount corresponding to the amount of solar radiation, cold heat can be stored without waste. Further, since the head difference is eliminated by making the circulation system 523 a closed circuit, the deep seawater circulation pump 520
Solar power generation device 5 that needs only a small power
21 can be made small (small capacity).

Further, since heat exchange is performed indirectly between the cold storage liquid in the heat storage tank 501 and the hydroponic liquid in the hydroponic liquid tank 202 via the temperature control coil 205, the corrosion may occur outside the system. Even when seawater leaks, seawater can be prevented from entering the hydroponic solution side. If there is no need to worry about power efficiency or the like, it is conceivable to send low-temperature deep seawater directly to the temperature control coil 205 without passing through the heat storage tank 501 and exchange heat between the deep seawater and the hydroponic solution.

As the hydroponic liquid temperature controller, an adsorption type refrigerator capable of efficiently extracting cold heat with hot water having a temperature of about 65 ° C. lower than that of an absorption type refrigerator and requiring less power than an electric type refrigerator is used. Provided during the daytime with solar radiation 4
The heat storage tank 501 buried underground for storing the cold storage liquid cooled by the adsorption type refrigerator by operating the adsorption type refrigerator with the electric power supplied from 00 and the hot water heated by the solar water heater having the heat storage type tank. The cold storage liquid in the heat storage tank 501 is sent to the temperature control coil 205 by the pump 504 according to the temperature of the hydroponic liquid in the hydroponic liquid tank 202, and is stored in the hydroponic liquid tank 202. The heat exchange may be performed. Thus, the solar power generation device 400 can be made smaller while effectively using solar energy as heat.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a water culture liquid temperature control device using an adsorption type refrigerator. The hydroponic liquid temperature control device 500 includes an adsorption refrigerator 510, a cooling tower 511, a heat storage tank 501 for cooling, a heat storage tank 513 for heating, and sunlight 51.
The heat collecting plate 514 is provided with a heat collecting plate 514 that converts the heat into heat and collects the heat.
4 and heated to obtain hot water having a water temperature of 50 ° C. to 80 ° C. and store it in the heat storage tank 513. The hot water in the heat storage tank 513 is sent to the adsorption refrigerator 510 by the pump 518 as a heat source. Thermal storage tank 50
The cold storage liquid of No. 1 is sent to the adsorption refrigerator 510 by the pump 517, and the cooled cold storage liquid is stored in the heat storage tank 501. The cooling water from the cooling tower 511 is supplied to the adsorption refrigerator 51
0, heated and returned to the cooling tower 511 to be cooled.

By configuring the hydroponic liquid temperature control device as described above, power consumption is low, cold heat can be taken out by a low-temperature driving heat source, and the low-temperature driving heat source is a heat collecting plate 5.
At 14, it can be easily extracted from sunlight 515. In addition, the heat storage tank 501 for cold heat is an underground buried type. The cooling tower 5
11 may be another cooling source. In the present embodiment, water is used as the cold storage liquid. However, there is no problem even if an aqueous solution to which an additive is added as necessary is used to prevent the generation of algae and the prevention of bacterial growth.

FIG. 4A is a view showing an example of a cultivation room and a photovoltaic power generation panel provided on a roof thereof, and FIG. 4B is a view for explaining a solar orbit in the northern hemisphere. As shown in FIG. 4A, the cultivation room is arranged so that the inclined surface of the roof 101 that receives the solar radiation is directed substantially south. In the northern hemisphere, the orbit 10 of the sun draws an arc having an inclination angle θ with respect to the latitude as shown in FIG. 4B of the sun orbit near Japan in the northern hemisphere.
This is represented by the solar orbit 10 shown in the figure of the solar power generation panel arranged on the roof of the cultivation room 100 in (a).

A photovoltaic panel 401 is provided on the roof 101 of the cultivation room 100 at a predetermined interval (slit) parallel to a direction orthogonal to the orbit 10 of the sun. The roof 101 and the photovoltaic panel 401 are installed so that the inclination angle α is an optimum inclination angle with respect to the sunlight incident angle θ. Here, the inclination angle α of the roof 101 is Sakumatu.Y, clean and
Optimum Ti described in safe energy forever, 3 (1989), 2037
lt Angle of a South Oriented Surface for Annual In
The conditions are determined by referring to the data of the installation area shown in solation in Degree.

By arranging the photovoltaic power generation panel 401 on the roof 101 in this way, the photovoltaic power generation panel 4
In addition, the space for installing 01 is not required, so that the space can be saved. At the same time, in an area where sunlight is strong, the amount of sunlight can be reduced by shading. Furthermore, abnormal temperature rise in the cultivation room 100 can be prevented.

The roof 101 and the solar panel 40
Since the angle of inclination of 1 is the same, a part of the roof 101 can be replaced with the photovoltaic power generation panel 401 and further integrated, so that the structure is simplified, the installation work is easy, and the weight can be reduced.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a state in which the photovoltaic power generation panel is mounted on the roof of the cultivation room, which is devised so as to further prevent the efficiency decrease and the temperature increase in the cultivation room due to the temperature rise of the solar power generation panel. As shown, the solar panel 4
01 is arranged on the vertical beam 111 of the roof 101 of the cultivation room 100 with the attachment member 112 interposed therebetween. Thereby, a tunnel-shaped gap G is formed between the inclined surface of the roof 101 of the cultivation room 100 and the solar panel 401.
By providing the gap G, it is possible to prevent the heat of the solar power generation panel 401, which has an air heat insulating layer and is high in temperature, from entering the cultivation room 100.

Further, the air in the gap G is heated by heat radiation from the back surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel 401, and an ascending air current is generated in the gap G along the inclined surface of the roof 101, so that a chimney effect is obtained. Due to this chimney effect, air for cooling the solar power generation panel 401 flows smoothly while contacting the back surface of the solar power generation panel 401, and effectively cools the solar power generation panel 401. This means that the roof 1
01 will be cooled. In addition, the solar panel 4
By mounting the heating fins 113 on the back surface of the cooling fan 01 in parallel with the flow of the cooling air, the flow of the air becomes smoother and at the same time, the cooling effect is further increased by the increase of the heat radiation area.

The orbit 10 of the sun and the cultivation room 1 throughout the year
The solar power generation panel 401 is disposed on the roof 101 of the cultivation room 100 so as to be opposed to and parallel to the direction substantially orthogonal to the solar track 10 in consideration of the installation position of the solar cell 100. The slit width L at that time
4 and a light blocking width L2 generated by the solar panel 401 (FIG. 4).
Optimize the ratio). The ratio of this optimal ratio is determined by shortening the dark cycle generated on the cultivation tank 201 as much as possible and adjusting the amount of sunlight suitable for cultivation by shielding the strong sunlight from light. Thereby, as shown in FIG.
In the cultivation tank 201, the integrated amount of solar radiation per day is substantially uniform and appropriate.

Also, as shown in FIG. 2, by installing a curtain 103 made of a semi-translucent material above the cultivation surface, the solar light is softened and scattered, so that the solar power generation panel 401 is provided. The light and darkness on the cultivation tank 201 surface was reduced, and the solar radiation could be supplied to the cultivation surface as uniformly as possible.

FIG. 7 is a view showing an example of the configuration of the hydroponic cultivation equipment 200. Here, the hydroponic liquid in the hydroponic liquid tank 202 is sent to the cultivation tank 201 by the hydroponic liquid circulation pump 213, and
From the tank returns to the inside of the tank 202. As shown in FIG. 8, oxygen or air from the oxygen supply unit 206 is supplied to the vicinity of the root of the plant 11 from the air diffuser 214 disposed at the bottom of the cultivation tank 201. in this case,
By making the oxygen concentration higher than the oxygen concentration in the air,
With a small amount of supply, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the hydroponic solution near the root is increased so that sufficient oxygen can be supplied to the plant 11 uniformly without unevenness. In FIG. 7, the cooling device for the hydroponic solution is omitted.

Since the cultivation tank 201 has a large outer surface and has a large amount of heat absorption due to heat penetration from the outside, the entire tank is excellent in heat insulation such as foamed styrene or polyurethane for keeping the water culture liquid cool. Made of materials. This significantly reduces the amount of cold required for cooling the hydroponic solution, reduces the load on a cooling source that accounts for most of the utility amount (electricity) required for the cultivation room 100, and reduces the load on the plant 11. The utility amount (electric power amount) can be reduced as a whole.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a system configuration of a desalination apparatus used in the plant hydroponics apparatus of the present invention. The desalination apparatus is an example of a desalination apparatus using solar energy. As shown in the figure, the desalination apparatus 300 includes a vacuum distillation desalination apparatus 301 utilizing solar energy, a desalination tank 302,
Freshwater tank 303, evacuation controller 304, seawater tank 3
05, a configuration including a pre-processing device 306. The seawater 308 is pumped up by the pump 307 and sent to the pretreatment device 306, and the pretreated seawater is stored in the seawater tank 305 installed at a high place by the pump 309. A seawater tank 311 is disposed in the vacuum distillation desalination apparatus 301, and the seawater flows down from the seawater tank 305 so that the seawater always has a constant level.

The vacuum distillation desalination apparatus 301 is adapted to obtain distilled water from this seawater, as will be described later in detail, and the obtained distilled water flows into the freshwater tank 302. Although not shown, a plurality of vacuum distillation desalination apparatuses 301 are provided, and the distilled water in the plurality of freshwater tanks 302 is collected in a freshwater tank 303. Further, the concentrated seawater in the seawater tank 311 and the concentrated seawater in a vacuum evaporator described later are appropriately discharged to the outside of the system.

The vacuum distillation desalination apparatus 301 has a structure in which the whole is covered with an air shield 312, and radiating fins 313 are provided on the side and bottom surfaces. Inside, a vacuum evaporator 315 constituting a vacuum distillation unit for obtaining distilled water using solar energy and a heat collecting plate 316 for collecting solar energy and converting it to heat are arranged.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an outline of a system configuration of a vacuum distillation section composed of the heat collecting plate, the vacuum evaporator and the like. As shown in the figure, the vacuum distillation unit includes a plurality of vacuum evaporators 315 (three vacuum evaporators 315-1 and 315-315 in the figure).
2, 315-3) and heat transfer tubes 321, 322, 323 arranged in each vacuum evaporator 315. In each of the vacuum evaporators 315, seawater is stored at a fixed water level from a seawater tank 311 under the control of the vacuum exhaust control device 304.

The heat collecting plate 316 and the heat transfer tube 321 are connected to a pipe 325.
The water as a heat medium is heated by the heat collecting plate 316, and the generated water vapor 324 is sent to the heat transfer tube 321 and exchanges heat with seawater in the vacuum evaporator 315-1. And returns to the heat collecting plate 316. That is, the water as the heat medium circulates between the heat collecting plate 316 and the heat transfer tube 321 by the action of the thermosiphon.

Due to the heat exchange between the seawater in the vacuum evaporator 315-1 and the water vapor 324, the water vapor 326 generated from the heated seawater passes through the pipe 327 and passes through the vacuum evaporator 315.
-2 is sent to the heat transfer tube 322 in the vacuum evaporator 315-2.
It exchanges heat with the seawater inside and condenses itself as distilled water 328 and flows into the freshwater tank 318. The water vapor 329 generated from the seawater heated by the heat exchange is sent to the heat transfer tube 323 in the vacuum evaporator 315-3 through the pipe 330, and exchanges heat with the seawater in the vacuum evaporator 315-3, and condenses itself. Then, it becomes distilled water 331 and flows into the freshwater tank 319.

The steam 332 emitted from the seawater heated by the heat exchange is sent to the condenser 317 through the pipe 333. The condenser 317 is disposed in a seawater tank 311 in the vacuum distillation desalination apparatus 301, and the steam 332 sent to the condenser 317 exchanges heat with seawater in the seawater tank 311 to become distilled water 334. It flows into the freshwater tank 320. The distilled water in the freshwater tanks 318, 319, and 320 is appropriately supplied to the freshwater tank 302.
(See FIG. 9). Since the vacuum distillation desalination apparatus 301 is substantially the same as the contents disclosed in the specification and the drawings of the “desalination apparatus and its operation method” filed on June 19, 1996 by the present applicant, Then, the detailed description is omitted.

The desalination apparatus may be a distillation apparatus using solar energy of another type, or a desalination apparatus using an RO membrane provided solely with a photovoltaic power generator may be used. is not.

Although not shown, the photovoltaic power generation device 400 includes a control panel, a storage battery, a DC / AC inverter, and the like, and supplies DC power generated by a photovoltaic power generation panel 401 installed on the roof of the cultivation room 100. They are collected, converted into DC power or AC power of a predetermined voltage, and supplied to each unit. Note that the vacuum distillation desalination apparatus 301 is solely supplied with power by a dedicated photovoltaic power generation apparatus having a photovoltaic power generation panel 402 mounted on the apparatus.

[0053]

As described above, according to the invention described in each claim of the present application, all or a part of the electric power required for the hydroponic cultivation equipment is obtained from the photovoltaic power generation device and required for the hydroponic cultivation. Hydroponic liquid temperature adjusting means configured to obtain all or part of fresh water with a desalination apparatus, and to adjust the liquid temperature of the hydroponic liquid of the hydroponic cultivation equipment to a predetermined temperature suitable for hydroponics of plants. By using solar energy, it is possible to minimize or eliminate the need for external installation of utilities necessary for plant cultivation, and to provide a predetermined amount of external resources such as barren areas such as deserts or isolated islands. The excellent effect of not only cultivating plants in an area where utility is not available, but also enabling cultivation of plants even under high sunlight and high temperature is obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a plant hydroponics apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a cultivation room, a hydroponic cultivation facility, and a hydroponic liquid temperature control device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a water culture liquid temperature control device using an adsorption refrigerator.

FIG. 4 (a) is a diagram showing a cultivation room and a photovoltaic power generation panel arranged on a roof thereof, and FIG. 4 (b) is a diagram for explaining a solar orbit in the northern hemisphere.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state where a solar power generation panel is attached to a roof of a cultivation room.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a slit of a photovoltaic power generation panel arranged on a roof of a cultivation room and a shaded area.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a hydroponic cultivation facility.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a cultivation tank and an air diffuser.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a system configuration example of a desalination apparatus.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an outline of a system configuration of a vacuum distillation unit.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a system configuration example of a cold storage unit of the hydroponic liquid temperature control device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 100 cultivation room 200 hydroponic cultivation equipment 300 desalination device 400 solar power generation device 500 hydroponic liquid temperature control device

Continuation of front page (72) Manabu Morishita 11-1 Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Hiroshi Nambu 11-1 Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Hiroshi Okazaki 11-1, Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Jun Hirayama 11-1, Haneda Asahi-cho, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus comprising at least a cultivation room having a roof, a hydroponic cultivation facility having a hydroponic liquid temperature control means, a solar power generation device, and a desalination device. A plant water characterized in that all or part of the power required by the device is obtained from the solar power generation device, and all or part of the water used for the hydroponic solution is obtained by the desalination device. Cultivation equipment. 2. The hydroponic liquid temperature control means includes: a cold-heat producing apparatus that operates an electric refrigerator by electric power supplied from the photovoltaic power generator during daytime with solar radiation to produce cold heat; A heat storage tank for storing a cooling medium, configured to be able to supply a required amount of cold energy at least one day, and a cooling medium and a hydroponic solution from the heat storage tank according to the liquid temperature of the hydroponic solution. The plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchange unit that performs heat exchange between the plants. 3. The hydroponic liquid temperature control means is a deep sea driven by electric power supplied from the photovoltaic power generator and / or a photovoltaic power generator separately installed exclusively for the deep sea water circulation pump during the daytime when solar radiation is present. It has a water circulation pump, a heat exchange unit for exchanging heat between the low-temperature deep seawater pumped by the deep seawater circulation pump and the cooling medium, and a heat storage tank for storing the heat exchanged heat and cooling medium. And a heat exchange unit that exchanges heat between the cooling medium and the hydroponic liquid from the heat storage tank according to the liquid temperature of the hydroponic liquid. Claim 1
The plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to 1. 4. An adsorption refrigerator wherein the hydroponic liquid temperature control means is driven by electric power supplied from the photovoltaic power generator in the daytime when sunlight is present, and is heated by a solar water heater having a heat storage tank. And a heat storage tank for storing a cooling medium from the adsorption refrigerator, configured to be able to supply a required amount of cold energy at least for one day, and the heat storage tank according to a liquid temperature of the hydroponic liquid. The plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchange unit that performs heat exchange between the cooling medium and the hydroponic solution from the plant. 5. A part or the whole of the solar power generation panel of the solar power generation device is installed on a roof of the cultivation room in parallel to a direction substantially orthogonal to a solar track, and the roof and the solar power generation panel The plant hydroponic cultivation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the inclination angle is set so as to be an optimal inclination angle with respect to a sunlight incident angle. 6. A solar power generation panel of the solar power generation apparatus is parallel to a roof of the cultivation room in a direction substantially orthogonal to the solar trajectory in consideration of the sun's orbit of the whole year and the installation position of the cultivation room. By arranging in a slit shape and optimizing the ratio of the slit width and the width of light shielding by the photovoltaic panel, the integrated solar radiation per day on the cultivation surface of the hydroponic cultivation equipment becomes substantially uniform. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein
The plant hydroponics apparatus according to any one of the above. 7. By installing a curtain made of a semi-translucent material above the cultivation surface, the brightness on the cultivation surface caused by the installation of the photovoltaic power generation panel can be reduced, and sunlight can be supplied to the cultivation surface as uniformly as possible. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein
The plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to 1.