JPH10322820A - Overturn preventing mechanism and enclosure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To eliminate the cost required for manufacturing and a channel base for transportation and, at the same time, to provide an overturn prevention mechanism and an enclosure having fine appearances which are not spoiled after installation. SOLUTION: Side plates 2 and 2 are respectively attached to the side sections of a switchboard 1 in such a state that the plates 2 and 2 are supported by means of strip support metallic parts 9, 9,... horizontally stretched between two vertical frame members facing each other so that the side plates 2 and 2 may slide in the vertical direction. On the rear surfaces of the side plates 2 and 2, fixing metals 25 and 25 which fix the plates 2 and 2 are provided on the center lines of the plates 2 and 2 in the width direction over the full area of the plates 2 and 2 in the length direction. The plates 2 and 2 are fixed by bolting the fixing metals 25 with the support metallic parts 9, 9,... in such a state that the upper ends of the plates 2 and 2 are protruded from the roof 3 of the switchboard 1 by a prescribed height. Equilateral angle members 40 and 40 having lengths longer than the depth of a switchboard housing enclosure 1 are detachably fixed to the bottom of the plates 2 and 2 with bolts 35 and 35 so that one sides of the members 40 and 40 may form a ground plane.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an overturn preventing mechanism for preventing a box from overturning during transportation and a box provided with the overturn preventing mechanism.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a conventional fall prevention mechanism for a switchboard. The switchboard 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped that is vertically long, and has a longer dimension in the width direction than in the depth direction.
The switchboard 11 includes vertical frame members 17, 17,... And a horizontal frame member assembled so as to form each side of the rectangular parallelepiped.
At the side, top and bottom of 11, side plate 12, top plate 13, bottom plate 14
Are bolted by bolts 45, 45, ..., respectively.
Alternatively, it is fixed to a horizontal frame member. A plurality of front doors 16, 16,... And a rear door 15 are attached to the front part and the rear part of the switchboard 11 by hinges (not shown) so as to be openable and closable. The relay and the wiring can be maintained.

The switchboard 11 is fixed on a rectangular frame-shaped channel base 71 provided on the overturn prevention member 70, and on both sides of the channel base 71 in the depth direction of the switchboard 11, the depth of the switchboard 11 is smaller than that of the switchboard 11. Elongated angled members 72, 72 having a long dimension and one side being the same height as the channel base 71 are provided with bolts 75, 7 so that the other side is an installation surface.
It is fixed by 5,….

FIG. 8 shows a side plate 12 and a vertical frame member 17 shown in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a partial assembly view of the switchboard 11 shown in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view taken along line IX-IX of FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, vertical frame members 17, 17 each having a U-shape in plan view are arranged at a predetermined distance in the depth direction of the switchboard 11 (see FIG. 7) such that their opening portions face each other. Both vertical frame members 1
First fixing holes 171, 171 into which the bolts 45, 45 are screwed are formed at predetermined height positions of 7, 17 respectively. Both lateral edges of the side plate 12 are folded inward, and both folded portions 122
, 122 and the side plate main body 121 are provided with appropriate gaps.

[0005] The opposite portions of the folded portions 122, 122,
The strip-shaped protrusions 123, 123 are provided so as to be at substantially the same height as the first fixing holes 171, 171.
The tip of 123 is bent to abut against the side plate body 121. The second fixing holes 124, into which the bolts 45, 45 are screwed, are provided at portions of the protruding portions 123, 123 facing the first fixing holes 171, 171.
124 are open. Then, the side plate 12 is connected to the vertical frame members 17, 17.
The second fixing holes 124, 124 and the first fixing holes 171, 171 are opposed to each other so as to coincide with each other.
171, 171 and the second fixing holes 124, 124 are screwed into each other as shown in FIG.
As shown in (1), the side plate 12 is fixed to the vertical frame members 17,17.

FIG. 10 is an assembly view of the overturn prevention member 70 shown in FIG. As shown in Figure 10, channel-based
On the two side surfaces in the depth direction of 71, two third fixing holes 76, 76,... Are formed at a predetermined distance from each other, and at the portions of the chevron members 72, 72 facing the channel base 71, The fourth fixing holes 74, 7 are connected to the third fixing holes 76, 76,.
4, ... has been established. Then, the angled members 72, 72 are attached to the channel base 71, and the fourth fixing holes 74, 74,.
76, 76, ... are opposed to each other so that bolts 75,
75,... And the fourth fixing holes 74, 74,.
, And the angle members 72, 72 are fixed to the channel base 71.

In the conventional switchboard 11 having such a fall prevention member 70 attached thereto, since the angled members 72, 72 are longer than the depth of the switchboard 11, the switchboard 11 is prevented from tipping over in the depth direction. Is done.

[0008]

However, in the conventional overturn prevention mechanism for preventing overturning of a box such as a switchboard as described above, the channel base and the angled member must be attached to the box. If the channel base is pre-installed at the place where the body is installed, another channel base to be used for transporting the box body must be prepared, and the cost of manufacturing the channel base for transport is high, and There is a problem that when it is discarded, a further disposal cost is required. In contrast,
During transportation, it is conceivable that the chevron member is detachably fixed near the lower end of the side plate of the box with bolts, and the chevron member is removed at the installation location. However, in this case, fixing holes for screwing bolts to the vicinity of the lower end of the side plate and the horizontal frame member of the switchboard are respectively opened, but the angled member is removed, and the switchboard is mounted and fixed on the channel base previously installed. After that, for example, a cap must be attached to close the fixing hole, and the aesthetic appearance of the box is impaired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object the purpose of supporting at least one cover member so as to be slidable in the vertical direction. In the frame member, a guide portion for guiding the cover member in the vertical direction is provided, and in a predetermined region in the vertical direction passing through a portion of the cover member facing the two guide portions,
Fitting portions for fitting to both the guide portions are provided, and both the fitting portions are fitted to the guide member, and attached to a lower frame portion or a lower frame member near the lower ends of the two vertical frame members. By adopting a configuration in which a hole is formed, the cost required for manufacturing and disposing of the channel base for transportation can be eliminated, and a fall prevention mechanism that does not impair the appearance after installation and the fall prevention mechanism are configured. To provide a box body.

[0010]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fall prevention mechanism in which a plurality of vertical frame members arranged at the positions of vertices of a polygon are connected by a horizontal frame member, and two adjacent frame members are connected to each other. The two vertical frame members are provided with a cover member for covering a space between the two vertical frame members. In order to support at least one cover member of the box body slidably in the vertical direction, two cover members are erected. Each of the vertical frame members is provided with a guide portion for guiding the cover member in the vertical direction, and is fitted to the two guide portions in a predetermined region in the vertical direction passing through a portion of the cover member facing the both guide portions. A mating portion is provided, and both fitting portions are fitted to the guide member. A mounting hole is provided in a portion of the two vertical frame members near the lower end or in the vicinity of the lower frame member facing the cover member of the horizontal frame member. Has been opened, slide the cover member to expose the mounting holes A screw member passed through the angle member of the anti-tip is screwed into mounting holes, characterized in that the angle member are detachably fixed to the box body.

In the box body according to the second invention, the plurality of vertical frame members arranged at the positions of the vertices of the polygon are connected by a horizontal frame member, and the two vertical frame members are connected to two adjacent vertical frame members. In order to support at least one cover member of a box body provided with a cover member for covering a space between the frame members so as to be slidable in a vertical direction, the cover is attached to two vertical frame members on which a cover member is erected. A guide portion for guiding the member in the vertical direction is provided, and a fitting portion to be fitted to both guide portions is provided in a predetermined region in the vertical direction passing through a portion of the cover member facing the both guide portions. The two fitting portions are fitted to the guide member, and a mounting hole is formed in a portion of the two vertical frame members near the lower end or near the lower end of the horizontal frame member facing the cover member. Features.

In the first invention and the second invention, the fitting portion provided on the cover member is fitted to the guide member provided on two adjacent vertical frame members, and the cover is formed by the two vertical frame members. The member is slidably supported in the vertical direction. The cover member is slid upward to expose a portion of the vertical frame member near the lower end or the vicinity of the lower end of the horizontal frame member facing the cover member, and the angle member is screwed using the mounting hole formed there. Stop it. When the channel base is pre-installed at the installation location, transport the box to which the angle member is attached as described above to the installation location, remove the angle member attached to the box, and slide the cover member to the original position. After
Place the box on the channel base and fix it. As described above, the box body can be prevented from falling without using the channel base during transportation of the box body, and the cost required for manufacturing and disposing of the channel base for transportation is eliminated. Further, since no hole is formed in the cover member, the aesthetic appearance of the box installed at the installation location is not impaired.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the present invention, the fitting portion is formed such that both ends of the cover member in the lateral direction are U
The guide portion is formed by projecting both ends of a strip-shaped plate member bridged between two vertical frame members in a stepped shape toward the cover member side.

According to the third aspect of the invention, the lateral ends of the cover member are each formed into a U-shape to form a fitting portion, so that the forming process is easy and the cost is increased. Can be suppressed as much as possible. In addition, both ends of the strip-shaped plate member erected between the two vertical frame members are each formed into a guide portion by projecting stepwise toward the cover member side, so that the manufacturing cost is low and the erection work is easy. is there.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the box body according to the third aspect of the present invention, a through hole is formed in an intermediate portion of the plate member so as to penetrate the plate member. At a position below the position in the vertical direction passing through, there are provided protrusions each having a fixing hole for fixing the cover member, and a screw member that has passed through the through hole is used for fixing one side. The cover member can be fixed by being screwed into the hole.

The cover member is fixed to the plate member by screwing a screw passing through a through hole formed in an intermediate portion of the plate member into a fixing hole provided at a position facing the through hole of the cover member. Thereby, the space between two adjacent vertical frame members is covered with the cover member. On the other hand, when attaching the angle member to the box body for transporting the box body, after removing the screws, the cover member is slid upward until the fixing hole provided below the fixing hole and the through hole match. Then, the cover member is fixed to the plate member while the cover member is slid upward by screwing a screw passing through the through hole into the fixing hole of the cover member.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the third or fourth aspect, a notch wider than the guide portion is provided at a predetermined longitudinal position of the fitting portion.

In the box body according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the guide portion is inserted into the fitting portion from the cutout provided in the fitting portion of the cover member, and the cover member is slidably supported by the plate member. This facilitates the work of attaching the cover member to the plate member.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the box body according to any of the second to fifth aspects, a mark is provided at a predetermined vertical position of the cover member slidably supported in the vertical direction. And

In the box body of the sixth invention, the cover member is slid while visually recognizing the relative position between the mark provided at a predetermined position in the longitudinal direction of the cover member and the vertical frame member. Can be accurately moved to the required height.

The box body according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the box body according to any of the second to sixth aspects, wherein the inwardly projecting portion is provided at a predetermined vertical position on the back surface of the cover member slidably supported in the vertical direction. Characterized by being erected.

In the box body of the seventh invention, a thin plate-like handle is inserted between the cover member slidably supported in the vertical direction and the vertical frame member, and two tips of the handle are provided. The vertical frame member is engaged with the vertical frame member at the back of the vertical frame member, and the inward convex portion provided at a predetermined vertical position on the back surface of the cover member is brought into contact with the upper side of the handle, so that the handle is By pushing up, the cover member is slid using the action of the lever. This makes it possible to slide the cover member with a small force.

[0023]

Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a fall prevention mechanism of a switchboard according to the present invention. The switchboard 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped that is long in the vertical direction, and has a longer dimension in the width direction than in the depth direction. The switchboard 1 includes a vertical frame member and a horizontal frame member assembled so as to form each side of a rectangular parallelepiped.
A top plate 3 and a bottom plate 4 are fixed to a vertical frame member or a horizontal frame member by bolts (not shown) on the upper and lower portions of the frame. A plurality of front doors 6, 6,... And a rear door 5 are attached to the front part and the rear part of the switchboard 1 by hinges (not shown) so as to be openable and closable. The relay and the wiring can be maintained.

Side plates 2 and 2 are arranged on the side of the switchboard 1, respectively, and the side plates 2 and 2 are formed in a strip-like shape which is hung up and down at a predetermined distance between two corresponding vertical frame members. Are supported vertically slidably. On the back surfaces of the side plates 2, fixing metals 25 for fixing the side plates 2 are placed on the center lines of the side plates 2 in the width direction.
Of the side plates 2, 2
Are fixed to each other by bolting the fixing members 25, 25 and the support members 9, 9,... With the upper end of the member protruding upward from the top plate 3 by a predetermined height. Under the side plates 2 and 2,
An equilateral angled member longer than the depth of the switchboard 1
Bolts 35, 35,
It is fixed detachably by ...

FIG. 2 is a partially assembled view of the side plate 2, the support fitting 9 and the vertical frame member shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of the switchboard 1 shown in FIG. 1 along the line III-III. As shown in FIG. 2, the vertical frame members 7, 7 have a U-shape in plan view at a predetermined distance in the depth direction of the switchboard 1 (see FIG. 1).
Are arranged such that the respective openings face each other, and fixing screws are provided at predetermined heights of the vertical frame members 7 and 7.
First fixing holes 71, 71, 71, 71 for screwing 31, 31, 31, 31 into engagement.
There are two at the top and bottom. Both lateral edges of the support fitting 9 are formed as guide portions 91 and 91 for guiding the side plate 2 by projecting stepwise from other portions toward the side plate 2.
A second fixing hole 92 for screwing the bolt 32 is provided substantially in the center between the first and the first 91.

The third fixing holes 9 are provided at positions corresponding to the first fixing holes 71, 71, 71, 71 inside the guide portions 91, 91 of the support fitting 9.
3, 93, 93, 93 are set up two at the top and bottom. Then, the support fitting 9 is attached to the vertical frame members 7, 7 by the third fixing holes 93, 9.
3, 93, 93 and the first fixing holes 71, 71, 71, 71 are opposed to each other so as to coincide with each other, and the fixing screws 31, 31, 31, 31, 31 are fixed to the third fixing holes.
The support fitting 9 is installed on the vertical frame members 7 by screwing into the first fixing holes 71, 93, 93, 93 and the first fixing holes 71, 71, 71, 71.

The side plates 2, 2 have both folded portions 22, 22 formed by folding both lateral edges of the side plates 2, 2 inward, and a side plate body.
Fitting portions 23, 23 are formed with an appropriate gap provided between them. Further, rectangular cutouts 24, 24 which are larger than the guides 91, 91 of the support fitting 9 are provided at positions corresponding to the support fitting 9 of the both folded portions 22, 22, respectively. The fixing metal 25 provided on the back surface of the side plate 2 has a convex shape in plan view by protruding the central line portion of the band-shaped member in a stepped manner. A fifth fixing hole 27 used to fix the side plate 2 in a state where the side plate 2 is projected upward from the top plate 3 (see FIG. 1) by a predetermined height, and a fifth fixing hole 27 higher than the fifth fixing hole 27, A fourth fixing hole 26 used for fixing the side plate 2 with its upper end flush with the top plate 3 (see FIG. 1) is formed.

Then, the notches 24, 24 of the side plate 2 and the guides 91, 91 of the support fitting 9 are aligned with each other, and the guides 91, 91 are inserted into the fitting 23 as shown in FIG. In this state, the side plate 2 is vertically slidably supported by the support fitting 9, and in FIG. 1, the upper end of the side plate 2 is projected upward from the top plate 3 by a predetermined height. The side plate 2 is fixed by screwing a bolt 32 into the second fixing hole 92 of the support fitting 9 and the fifth fixing hole 27 of the fixing metal 25.

FIG. 4 is a view showing the angle-shaped member shown in FIG.
It is an assembly drawing of 40. As shown in FIG.
The sixth fixing holes 81, 81,... Are formed in the horizontal frame members 8, 8 at the bottom in the depth direction at a predetermined distance two by two in the depth direction. The seventh fixing holes 42, 42,... Are formed in portions of the chevron members 40, 40 facing the horizontal frame members 8, 8 so as to communicate with the sixth fixing holes 81, 81,. Then, the angle members 40, 40 are inserted into the horizontal frame members 8, 8, and the seventh fixing holes 42, 42,.
Are aligned with the sixth fixing holes 81, 81,... So that the bolts 35, 35, 35, 35 are screwed into the seventh fixing holes 42, 42,. Then, the chevron members 40, 40 are fixed to the horizontal frame members 8, 8.

In the switchboard 1 on which such angle members 40, 40 for preventing overturning are mounted, since the angle members 40, 40 are longer than the depth dimension of the switchboard 1, the switchboard 1 is moved in the depth direction during transportation. Falling down is prevented. On the other hand, when the channel base is previously installed at the installation location, the switchboard 1 in which the angled members 40, 40 are fixed to the horizontal frame members 8, 8 as described above is transported to the installation location, and the bolts 35, 35, 35, 35
And the angle members 40, 40 are removed, and the side plates 2, 2 are slid downward until the fourth fixing holes 26 and the second fixing holes 92 match,
After the bolts 32 are screwed into the fourth fixing holes 26 and the second fixing holes 92 to fix the side plates 2 and 2, the switchboard 1 is placed and fixed on the channel base.

As described above, it is possible to prevent the switchboard 1 from overturning without using the channel base while the switchboard 1 is being transported, and the cost required for manufacturing and disposing of the transport channel base is eliminated. Further, since no holes are formed in the side plates 2 and 2, the appearance of the switchboard 1 installed at the installation location is not impaired.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view showing Embodiment 2 and shows a case where a mark for height adjustment is provided on the back surface of the side plate 2. FIG. In the figure, parts corresponding to those in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
As shown in FIG. 5, the protruding portion of the fixing metal 25 has a protrusion.
28 are provided. The projection 28 is provided at a height at which the projection 28 comes into contact with the upper end of the support fitting 9 in a state where the fifth fixing hole 27 formed in the fixing fitting 25 matches the second fixing hole 92 formed in the support fitting 9. When the side plates 2 and 2 are slid downward after transporting the switchboard 1, the second fixing holes 92
And the fifth fixing hole 27 can be easily matched, and the bolt 32 can be screwed into the fixing holes 92 and 27. In the present embodiment, the projection 28 is provided to adjust the height.
The present invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that a mark such as a notch, a seal, or an engraving may be provided.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view showing Embodiment 3 in which the side plate 2 can be slid with a small force. As shown in FIG. 6, a pin 29 is provided upright on the protruding portion of the fixing metal 25. When the pin 29 is aligned with the fourth fixing hole 26 formed in the fixing metal 25 and the second fixing hole 92 formed in the supporting metal 9, the pin 29 is fixed to the supporting metal 9.
It is provided so as to be located slightly above the upper end of. In such a side plate 2, after removing the bolt 32, a thin plate-like handle 50 is inserted through a gap between the side plate 2 and the vertical frame member 7, and the tip of the handle 50 is inserted into the support fitting 9 and the handle
The upper end of the 50 is brought into contact with the pin 29 and the handle 50 is pushed up, whereby the side plate 2 is slid up and down by the leverage. Thereby, the sliding operation of the side plate 2 can be performed by one worker, and labor can be saved.

[0034]

As described above in detail, according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, the box body can be prevented from tipping over without using the channel base during the transportation of the box body, and the channel base for transportation can be prevented. The costs required for the production and disposal of garbage are eliminated. Further, since no hole is formed in the cover member, the aesthetic appearance of the box installed at the installation location is not impaired.

According to the third aspect of the invention, the forming process of the fitting portion is easy, and the increase in cost can be suppressed as much as possible. Further, the manufacturing cost of the plate member including the guide portion is low, and the work of erection of the plate member on the vertical frame member is easy.

According to the fourth invention, the side plate is fixed at a required height during transportation and after installation of the box, thereby preventing the occurrence of backlash.

According to the fifth aspect, the work of attaching the cover member to the vertical frame member is easy.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the cover member can be accurately moved to a required height position by the mark provided on the cover member.

According to the seventh aspect of the invention, the cover member can be slid with a small force, the operation of sliding the cover member can be performed by one worker, and labor can be saved. The present invention has excellent effects.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a fall prevention mechanism of a switchboard according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially assembled view of a side plate, a support bracket, and a vertical frame member shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the switchboard shown in FIG. 1, taken along line III-III.

FIG. 4 is an assembled view of the angle member for preventing overturning shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view showing the second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view showing the third embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a conventional fall prevention mechanism of a switchboard.

FIG. 8 is a partially assembled view of the side plate and the vertical frame member shown in FIG. 7;

9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the switchboard shown in FIG. 7 taken along line IX-IX.

FIG. 10 is an assembly view of the overturn prevention member shown in FIG. 7;

[Explanation of symbols]

1 switchboard, 2 side plate, 7 vertical frame member, 9 support bracket,
23 fitting part, 24 notch part, 25 fixing metal, 26
4th fixing hole, 27 5th fixing hole, 40 chevron members.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of vertical frame members arranged at positions of respective vertices of a polygon are connected by a horizontal frame member, and two adjacent vertical frame members cover a space between the two vertical frame members. A cover member is provided to support at least one cover member of the box body provided with the cover member so as to be slidable in the vertical direction.
The vertical frame member is provided with a guide portion for guiding the cover member in the vertical direction, and is fitted to the two guide portions in a predetermined region in the vertical direction passing through a portion of the cover member facing the both guide portions. Fitting portions are provided, and both fitting portions are fitted to the guide member, and a portion near the lower end of the two vertical frame members or a portion of the horizontal frame member near the lower end opposite to the cover member. A mounting hole is opened, the cover member is slid to expose the mounting hole, a screw member penetrating through an angle material for preventing falling is screwed into the mounting hole, and the angle member is detachable from the box body. A fall prevention mechanism, which is fixed to the body. 2. A plurality of vertical frame members arranged at positions of respective vertices of a polygon are connected by a horizontal frame member, and two adjacent vertical frame members cover a space between the two vertical frame members. A cover member is provided to support at least one cover member of the box body provided with the cover member so as to be slidable in the vertical direction.
The vertical frame member is provided with a guide portion for guiding the cover member in the vertical direction, and is fitted to the two guide portions in a predetermined region in the vertical direction passing through a portion of the cover member facing the both guide portions. Fitting portions are provided, and both fitting portions are fitted to the guide member, and a portion near the lower end of the two vertical frame members or a portion of the horizontal frame member near the lower end opposite to the cover member. A box characterized by having a mounting hole. 3. The fitting portion is formed by forming both ends in the lateral direction of the cover member into a U-shape, and the guide portion is formed by forming both ends of a strip-shaped plate member provided between two vertical frame members. The box body according to claim 2, wherein each of the box members protrudes stepwise toward the cover member. 4. A through-hole penetrating the plate member is formed in an intermediate portion of the plate member, and is located at a position facing the through hole of the cover member and at a position below the vertical position passing through the position. There is provided a protrusion in which a fixing hole for fixing the cover member is provided, and a screw member having passed through the through hole is screwed into one fixing hole to fix the cover member. 4. The box according to claim 3, wherein the box is obtained. 5. The box according to claim 3, wherein a notch wider than the guide portion is provided at a predetermined position in the longitudinal direction of the fitting portion. 6. The box according to claim 2, wherein a mark is provided at a predetermined position in the vertical direction of the cover member slidably supported in the vertical direction. 7. The box according to claim 2, wherein an inwardly projecting portion is provided upright at a predetermined position in the vertical direction on the back surface of the cover member slidably supported in the vertical direction. body.