JPH1031473A - Graphic display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a rotary display of graphic using a map and a character generator by obtaining read-out sequence data exceeding N pieces from a map in order to display a graphic on one scanning line and rotary-displaying graphic. SOLUTION: A V counter 10 generates a signal specifying one coordinate axis out of read-out signals indicates by orthogonal coordinates, A H counter 11 generates a signal specifying the other side of axes of the coordinate. A coordinate rotation processing section 12 gives rotation to a coordinate system of a read-out signal. A map read-out signal generating section 13 generates a signal for reading out stored contents of a map section 4, a character generator read-out signal generating section 14 generates a signal for reading out graphic data from a character generator section 15. Also, a graphic assembling section 16 assembles a graphic by data read out from the character generator section 15. And data of a read-out coordinate exceeding N pieces is obtained from a map in order to display a graphic on one scanning line and rotary- display of a graphic can be performed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a graphic display device for displaying a graphic by a raster scan method based on data read from a memory storing data necessary for graphic display.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in order to display a graphic (including characters) by a device using a character generator, a memory in which a display graphic is stored by a map and a character generator is constructed, and a read address sequence read from the map is used. Graphic data is read from the character generator by the data, and the read graphic data is displayed as a graphic by a raster scan method. In this display, as shown in FIG. 22, first, a raster A0 is formed at the right end of the screen, and the scanning position is sequentially moved to the left side of the screen to display rasters A1 to An, thereby displaying a graphic. N (for example, 16) in one raster
Character is displayed, and if all the figures are different,
N types of figures can be displayed. (This figure uses a general cathode ray tube rotated by 90 degrees). FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing an example of a device for performing such display.
1 is a processing device for processing digital signals, 2 is an H counter for designating a horizontal scanning position of a cathode ray tube,
Reference numeral 3 denotes a V counter for designating a vertical scanning position of the cathode ray tube, 4 denotes a map section in which the read address sequence of the character generator is stored, 5 denotes a character generator, 6 denotes a shift register, 7 denotes a cathode ray tube, and H denotes a cathode ray tube.
, The counter 2 and the V counter 3 constitute a read signal generator for generating a read signal represented by rectangular coordinates.
The map unit 4 and the character generator 5 constitute a memory for displaying a figure corresponding to a video RAM in a graphic display.

In the device configured as described above, the read address sequence data stored in the map section 4 is sequentially read by the output signals of the H counter 2 and the V counter 3 controlled by the processing device 1, and the read data is read out. Graphic data representing a graphic corresponding to the read address sequence data signal is read from character generator 5, and character generator 5 stores data of each line of character A when character A is stored as shown in FIG. The data is read out and stored in the shift register 6. This data is sequentially converted into video signals as shown in FIGS. 25B to 25F, and the character A is displayed on the CRT 7 as shown in FIG.

[0004] Thus, the character generator 5
Is read out and displayed on the cathode ray tube, so that a plurality of character generators can be used to display a figure having an arbitrary shape and size. At this time, by shifting the reading start position of the data stored in the character generator in the horizontal or vertical direction, the displayed screen can also be shifted in the horizontal or vertical direction.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a coordinate conversion for rotating a coordinate system of a read signal is performed, and data is read from a memory for displaying a graphic by a read signal represented by a new coordinate system, thereby forming a display graphic. Can give rotation.

[0006]

However, in order to display a graphic, it is necessary to read the graphic data for one screen from the memory and display the data. However, the time required for reading the graphic data is as follows. Since it cannot be shorter than the upper limit determined by the performance of the hardware, there is a drawback that when displaying a moving image, the displayable content is limited due to the restriction of the reading time.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a graphic display device in which the contents of a screen to be displayed are not restricted.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses a graphic generator for displaying N figures on a scanning line of a raster scan type display, and reads the figure in a vertical direction. Signal and horizontal readout signal,
Generating a first read signal and a second read signal;
Is supplied to the map to obtain read order data from the map, and the read order data and the second read signal are supplied to the graphic generator to obtain graphic data, and the graphic data is displayed by the graphic data. A graphic display method for reading N or more and 2N or less read order data from the map in one raster period and rotating and displaying the graphic.

[0009]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, and the same parts as those in FIG. 23 use the same symbols. Reference numeral 10 denotes a V counter for generating a signal for designating one coordinate axis of the readout signals represented by rectangular coordinates, 11 denotes an H counter for generating a signal for designating the other coordinate axis, 1
2 is a coordinate rotation processing unit for rotating the coordinate system of the read signal;
Reference numeral 13 denotes a map read signal generating unit for generating a signal for reading the stored contents of the map unit 4, reference numeral 14 denotes a character generator read signal generating unit for generating a signal for reading graphic data from the character generator unit, and reference numeral 15 denotes a character. Generator unit 16 is character generator unit 1
This is a graphic assembling section for assembling data read from the reference numeral 5 into a graphic.

As shown in FIG. 2, the rotation of the coordinate axis corresponds to the output signal of the V counter 10 corresponding to the coordinate axis in the X direction, and the output signal of the H counter 11 is applied to the Y axis.
That is, the orthogonal coordinates expressed in correspondence with the coordinate axes of the directions are inclined by an angle θ as shown by a dotted line, and are converted into new orthogonal coordinates expressed by an x-axis and a y-axis.

When data representing a graphic to be displayed is determined by reading data from the video RAM in order, such as a video RAM in a graphic display, and the display content is determined, a video RAM corresponding to the video RAM is used in the present invention. Called memory.

The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 reads out data from the character generator section 15 based on a signal obtained by accessing the map section 4, and displays a graphic based on the data. Therefore, the memory is constituted by the map unit 4 and the character generator unit 15,
In this device, the memory is as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is composed of four frames. The size of one frame represents one screen of the CRT, and the symbol A at the right shoulder of the memory
The portion indicated by is defined as the absolute origin, the direction of accessing leftward or downward from the absolute origin is defined as positive, the horizontal direction of the memory as the horizontal direction, and the vertical direction as the vertical direction. The portion indicated by the symbol B, which is the right shoulder of the display screen of the CRT, is defined as the CRT origin.

As shown in FIG.
The display state is defined as follows depending on whether the output signals of the 0 and H counters 11 are used for vertical access or horizontal access of the memory.

(A) Display state A (state of FIG. 4A) The output signal of the V counter 10 is used for horizontal access of the memory, the output signal of the H counter 11 is used for vertical access, and Access position advances in the negative (right) direction of the memory over time, and the access position in the vertical direction advances in the negative (up) direction of the memory.

(B) Display state B (state of FIG. 4 (b)) The output signal of the V counter 10 is used for vertical access of the memory, and the output signal of the H counter 11 is used for horizontal access. Access position advances in the negative (up) direction of the memory as time passes, and the access position in the horizontal direction advances in the positive (left) direction of the memory.

(C) Display state C (state of FIG. 4 (c)) The output signal of the V counter 10 is used for accessing the memory in the horizontal direction, and the output signal of the H counter 11 is used for accessing the memory in the vertical direction. Access position advances in the positive (left) direction of the memory with the passage of time, and the access position in the vertical direction advances in the positive (down) direction of the memory.

(D) Display state D (state of FIG. 4D) The output signal of the V counter 10 is used for memory vertical access, the output signal of the H counter 11 is used for horizontal access, and The access position advances in the positive (down) direction of the memory as time passes, and the access position in the horizontal direction advances in the negative (right) direction of the memory.

The V counter 10 counts down when the display state signal supplied from the processing device 1 indicates the display state A and the display state B, and counts up when the display state signal indicates the display states C and D. It is supposed to do it. The H counter 11 counts up when the display state signal supplied from the processing device 1 indicates the display states B and C, and counts down when the display state signal indicates the display states A and D. ing.

The coordinate rotation processing section 12 has a V counter 10, H
The readout signal represented by the rectangular coordinates supplied from the counter 11 includes a display state signal, a rotation amount signal, an origin signal representing the CRT origin in absolute coordinates, a V signal, a V4 signal, an H signal, an H4 signal, and a CHG AD ( V) signal, CHG / AD
(H) signal and a CHG / NO signal are generated.

The map read signal generator 13 generates a V4L signal and an H4 signal to be supplied to the character generator read signal generator 14 in addition to the signal for reading the contents stored in the map unit 4.

As shown in FIG. 5, the coordinate rotation processing unit 12 includes a component origin register 12b, a vertical component origin register 12c,
Selector 12d, selector 12e, rotation signal calculator 12
f, 12g, and adders 12h to 12k.

The horizontal component origin register 12b is provided in the processing device 1
A signal for representing the horizontal component of the CRT origin coordinate with respect to the absolute origin is generated in accordance with the origin signal supplied from the control unit. Also, the vertical component origin register 12
c generates a signal representing a vertical component. When the display state signal from the processing device 1 indicates the display states A and C, the selector 12d outputs the signal supplied from the horizontal component origin register 12b, and outputs the display states B and
When D is represented, a signal supplied from the vertical component origin register 12c is output. Selector 1
2e indicates that the display state signal from the processing device 1 is the display state A,
When indicating C, the signal supplied from the vertical component origin register 12c is output, and when indicating the display states B and D, the signal supplied from the horizontal component origin register 12b is output. Rotation signal calculation units 12f, 12
g is adapted to rotate the signals supplied from the V counter 10 and the H counter 11 in accordance with a signal representing the amount of rotation supplied from the processing device 1, and performs affine conversion.

The adder 12i is a 5-bit V signal representing a position on one coordinate of the map unit 4, and a 2-bit CHG representing a position on the vertical coordinate axis of the character generator.
An AD (V) signal and a 2-bit CHG / NO signal to be supplied to the graphic assembling section 16 are generated. The adder 12k represents a position 5 on the other coordinate axis of the map 4
A bit H signal, a 2-bit CHG.AD (H) signal indicating the position of the character generator on the horizontal coordinate axis, and a 2-bit MT signal indicating the master timing are generated. Of these, the lower one of the V signal
Bit and the lower 1 bit of the H signal are H4 necessary for the operation of the character generator readout signal generator 14.
Signal and V4 signal.

As shown in FIG. 6, the map read signal generator 13 includes a latch 13a, a correction data generator 13b, an adder 13c, selectors 13d to 13i, an EOR circuit 13j,
It is composed of The correction data generator 13b generates the signals shown in Table 1 according to the left and right signals indicating the rotation direction and the display state signal indicating the display state supplied from the processing device 1.

[0025]

[Table 1]

In Table 1, "left" means that the figure is rotated left and displayed, and "right" means that the figure is rotated right and displayed.

The selectors 13d to 13g output the signal on the input terminal a side when the display state signal indicates the display states A and C, and output the signal on the input terminal b side when the display state signals indicate the display states B and D. It is designed to output a signal. The selector 13h and the selector 13i are connected to the EOR circuit 13
According to the signal supplied from j, the signal of the input terminal a1, a2 side or the signal of the input terminal b1, b2 side is output.

The map section 4 stores the map 4 as shown in FIG.
a, 4b, and latches 4c, 4d. As shown in FIG. 8, this map has a unit corresponding to a 16 × 16 pixel of a cathode ray tube, and these units are 32 × 32 units. The map 4a or the map 4b is configured. Also, when one unit map is specified,
Information in the map is read regardless of which 16 × 16 pixel corresponding to this map is scanned. That is, in FIG. 8, when an access is performed as indicated by a solid line, data F is read from a portion corresponding to pixel 1 to a portion corresponding to pixel 11.

Character generator read signal generator 1
Reference numeral 4 includes selectors 14a to 14f, switch circuits 14g and 14j, latches 14h, shift registers 14i and 14k, and EOR circuits 14m and 14n, as shown in FIG. In the selectors 14a to 14f, the input terminal a or the input terminal b is selected according to a signal supplied to the input terminal c. Switch circuits 14g, 14
Table 2 shows a combination of the signals supplied to the input terminals a to d and the output terminals g to j for outputting the signals in accordance with the left and right signals or the display state signals supplied to the input terminals e and f. Mode 1 or mode 2 is selected. Whether "mode 1" or "mode 2" is selected is determined by the criteria in Table 3. The shift register 14i is a 1-bit 4-stage shift register, and the shift register 14k is a 2-bit 4 shift register.
It is a stage shift register.

[0030]

[Table 2]

[0031]

[Table 3]

As shown in FIG. 10, the character generator section 15 is composed of character generators 15a to 15d, and each character generator supplies two types of graphic patterns, described later, of a V type and an H type from the processing device 1. In response to a signal supplied from the character generator readout signal generation unit 14, graphic data is read from the selected graphic pattern.

FIG. 11 shows a V-shaped pattern among the patterns of the character generator. The horizontal numbers 00 to 11 outside the frame are the CHGs output from the adder 12k.
The address specified by the AD (H) signal, and the number in the vertical direction is CHG · AD output from the adder 12i.
(V) An address specified by the signal. One frame is decomposed into four parts a to d, and the data of the parts a to d correspond to the character generators 15a to 15d, respectively, and the parts are in the horizontal direction of the CRT.
Data of pixel × 4 pixels in the vertical direction is stored. That is, the frame of the portion designated by the vertical and horizontal addresses stores data of 4 × 4 pixels.
And one storage unit of the character generator is 4 ×
There are four addresses, that is, 16 × 16 pixels.

As shown in FIG. 12, the graphic assembling section 16 is composed of shift registers 16a to 16d, a selector 16e, and a shift register 16f. Each shift register outputs the MSB (most significant bit) first when the display state signal supplied from the processing device 1 is the display state A or B,
When the display state signals are the display states C and D, the LSB (least significant bit) is output first. Selector 1
Reference numeral 6e selects and transmits an input signal as shown in Table 4 according to a signal supplied from the shift register 16f.

[0035]

[Table 4]

The shift register 16f is a 2-bit 8-stage shift register.

The operation of the device thus constructed is as follows. First, a display operation when a figure is not rotated will be described. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, a display state signal is supplied from the processing device 1 to the V counter 10 and the H counter 11, and an origin signal is supplied to the horizontal component origin register 12b and the vertical component origin register 12c.
At this time, the screen performs scanning as shown in FIG. 22, and this state corresponds to the state of the display state C.
The horizontal position of the screen in FIG. 22 is determined by the output signal of the V counter 10, and the vertical position is determined by the output signal of the H counter 11.

The output signal of the H counter 11 is added to an adder 12k.
The rotation signal is supplied to the rotation signal calculation unit 12g. In this case, the rotation signal calculation unit 12f and the rotation signal calculation unit 12g do not generate output signals because the figure is not rotated.

When the display state signal output from the processing device 1 indicates the display state C, the selector 12d and the selector 12e operate in the horizontal component origin register 12 respectively.
b and the signal generated from the vertical component origin register 12c are selected and output. As a result, the signal output from the adder 12h is obtained by adding the data of the output signal of the V counter 10 and the output signal of the horizontal component origin register 12b. Since the rotation signal calculation unit 12g has not generated an output signal, the adder 12i outputs the output signal of the adder 12h as it is. Similarly, the adder 12j outputs the output signal of the vertical component origin register 12c, and the adder 12k adds the output signal of the adder 12j, that is, the output signal of the vertical component origin register 12c and the data of the H counter 11. Output a signal.

The output signals of the adders 12i and 12k are, as shown in FIG.
3g. When it is not necessary to rotate the figure, the correction data generator 13b normally does not need to generate an output signal. However, since no special treatment is performed for this, correction data is generated. Then, since this data is added by the adder 13c, the corrected data is output from the adder 13c. However, since this data is unnecessary data when no rotation is given to the figure, it is ignored by the character generator read signal generation unit 14 described later and is not used.

Since the selectors 13d to 13g output the signal on the input terminal a side in the display state C as described above, the selectors 13d and 13e
3c, the selector 13f and the selector 1
3g outputs the output signal of the adder 12k.

As described above, the selectors 13h and 13i output signals supplied to the input terminals a1, a2 or b1, b2 according to the signal supplied from the EOR circuit 13j. EOR circuit 13j
The V4L signal supplied to one of the two lines A1 to An shown in FIG.
Since the H4 signal supplied to the other side does not change but designates the address of the vertical position over the range H in FIG. 22, it changes alternately during the period of the V4L signal as shown in FIG. I do. Therefore, the selector 13
h, the output signal of the selector 13i is alternately switched between the input terminals a1, a2 and b1, b2.

As shown in FIG. 7, the output signals of the selectors 13h and 13i are supplied to the map section 4, so that the stored contents are read from the maps 4a and 4b, and the read stored contents are stored in the latches 4c and 4d. And stored in FIG.
Are supplied to the selectors 14a and 14b shown in FIG.
Since these selectors are supplied with signals from the EOR circuit 14m to which the H4 signal and the V4L signal are supplied, the input terminals a and b are switched in synchronization with the selectors 13h and 13i.

The signals read from the selectors 14a and 14b are supplied to the selectors 14c to 14f, respectively.
, And are selected and output in accordance with the signals supplied to the terminals c of those selectors. At this time, the signals supplied to the terminals b of the selectors 14c to 14f are data that has not been corrected by the correction data generator 13b of the map readout signal generator 13, and the data supplied to the terminal a is the corrected data. It is. However, when no rotation is applied to the display figure, no corrected data is needed.
For this reason, the signal sent from the switch circuit 14g selects the terminal b of the selectors 14c to 14f, and the signal supplied to the terminal a is ignored.

A signal representing the number of the character generator supplied from adder 12i is stored in shift register 14k, and the stored signal is stored in switch circuit 1k.
4j. When the switch circuit 14j does not apply a rotation to the display figure, the switch circuit 14j operates in the mode 1 of Table 2 described above.
, Signals are transmitted from the output terminals facing each other.

Character generator read signal generator 1
The signal generated in 4 is supplied to character generators 15a to 15d as shown in FIG. Each character generator responds to the display state signal supplied from the processing device 1 as described above.
A V-shaped or H-shaped pattern, which will be described later, is selected.
Is transmitting the signal in the display state C, the V-shaped pattern is selected.

The unit read out by the map unit 4 in the V-shaped pattern is as shown in FIG. 11 as described above. In this example, the unit in which the figure representing the character F is stored is shown. ing. In FIG. 11, addresses written horizontally outside the frame are the adders 1 of FIG.
The address specified by the CHG.AD (V) signal output from the second adder 2i and written in the vertical direction is the adder 1 shown in FIG.
Designated by the CHG.AD (H) signal output from 2k. For this reason, the V signal and the H signal supplied from the adders 12i and 12k cause I to I in FIG.
16 types of blocks described as XVI can be designated.

The blocks I to XVI are further composed of four fine blocks, and the fine blocks correspond to each character generator. That is, the portions described as a, b, c, and d are the character generator 15a and the character generator 1 respectively.
5b, a character generator 15c, and a character generator 15d. Each character generator stores 4-bit data in the vertical direction of the figure,
In the figure, data of "1" is stored in a shaded portion, and data of "0" is stored in other portions. For this reason, the CHG · AD (V) signal and the CHG
When the data of the AD (H) signal are both 00, the first
Four small blocks indicated by I at the upper right of the figure are selected, and “000” is output from the character generator 15a.
0 ”and“ 000 ”from the character generator 15b.
0 ”and“ 001 ”from the character generator 15c.
1 ”, from character generator 15d to“ 0011 ”
Is read out.

Data read from these character generators is supplied to and stored in shift registers 16a to 16d. When displaying the first raster, a signal for selecting the shift register 16a is supplied from the shift register 16f of FIG. 12 to the selector 16e. As a result, only the data of the shift register 16a, that is, the data read from the character generator 15a is selected, and the remaining data of the shift registers 16b to 16d are discarded. At this time, the timings of the shift registers 16a and 16f are synchronized.

Next, when the data of the CHG.AD (H) signal becomes 01, block II of FIG. 11 is selected, and only the data read from the character generator 15a is selected from the block II. Similarly, CH
When the data of the G.AD (H) signal changes to 10, 11, blocks III and IV in FIG. 11 are selected, and only the data read from the character generator 15a in that part is selected.

After the data indicated by the bold line in FIG. 11 is read, the data indicated by the dotted line below is read in the same manner. That is, raster A0 in FIG.
Is formed. Then, after the raster A0 is formed, similarly, the next raster is sequentially formed, and the last raster An shown in FIG. 22 is formed, thereby forming one display screen.

That is, a V-shaped pattern is designated by the processing device 1, and a lump of 16 blocks I to XVI as shown in FIG. ) Signal and the CHG.AD (V) signal, one of the blocks I to XVI is selected, whereby four bits of data are read from the character generators 15a to 15d.

The CHG.AD (V) signal changes for each reciprocation of the raster, but the CHG.AD (H) signal changes as the scanning progresses.
CHG • AD (H) when HG • AD (V) signal is 00
As the signal changes to 00, 01, 10, and 11, data is sequentially read from the rightmost blocks I, II, III, and IV.

Data read from character generators 15a to 15d are supplied to and stored in shift registers 16a to 16d shown in FIG. Then, in response to the signal supplied from the shift register 16f, the selector 16e sets the terminal a
Ｄd are sent to the cathode ray tube 7 for display.

If scanning is sequentially performed in this manner, a signal representing a figure read from character generator unit 15 is displayed on the screen.

At this time, by changing the origin data, the display screen can be moved in the horizontal or vertical direction.

Next, the operation when a figure is rotated will be described. The coordinate rotation processing unit 12 shown in FIG. 5 performs a rotation signal operation on the signals supplied to the terminals a of the adders 12i and 12j in addition to the operation described when the rotation is not applied to the figure. An operation of adding the output signals supplied from the rotation signal operation unit 12g and the rotation signal operation unit 12g is performed. For this reason, the signal representing the orthogonal coordinates output from the coordinate rotation processing unit 12 is rotated by an angle corresponding to the output signals supplied from the rotation signal calculation unit 12f and the rotation signal calculation unit 12g, and the coordinate system is rotated by a dotted line in FIG. It becomes as shown by.
In this way, by rotating the coordinate system,
Even if the output signals of the V counter 10 and the H counter 11 have the same value as when no rotation is given to the figure, different locations are accessed in the memory.

Now, in the memory space indicated by the square in FIG. 14, the horizontal position is specified by a V address (the coordinate specified by the V counter 10 is defined as a V address), and the vertical position is an H address ( When the coordinates specified by the H counter 11 are defined as H addresses, the rotation of the coordinate system represented by the orthogonal coordinates specified by the H counter 11 is not given, the value of the V counter 10 is fixed, and the H counter 11
Is changed, the access is performed in the direction indicated by the solid line of the symbol A. However, when rotation is given to the coordinate system, access is performed in the direction indicated by the dotted line of the symbol B. That is, when the coordinate system is rotated, the memory space is accessed obliquely.

The map section 4 from which data is read by the signal supplied from the map read signal generating section 13 stores independent display contents for each area of the CRT 7 surrounded by 16 pixels in length and width. For example, when the data shown in FIG. 8, that is, the portion surrounded by the double line in the center is accessed, the map portion 4 reads out the data representing the character F, and the right-hand portion is accessed. At this time, the data representing the character B is read, and when the data on the left side is accessed, the data representing the character C is read. If the coordinate rotation processing unit 12 has given the coordinate system a rightward rotation, the map unit 4 is accessed as shown by the solid line in FIG.
Therefore, data for displaying the character F is read from the first to eleventh pixels, while data for displaying the character C is read from the twelfth to sixteenth pixels. On the other hand, since the display timing signal is generated every 16 pixels,
It is generated every time the line crosses the horizontal double line in FIG.

As a result, when the coordinate system is rotated right and the map is accessed in the direction of the solid arrow in FIG. 8, two types of characters F and C are displayed during one cycle of the display timing signal. Data is needed. As described above, when a right rotation is given to the coordinate system, it is necessary to read out the storage contents of the left adjacent part in addition to the storage contents of the part currently being accessed during the display timing signal period. When the coordinate system is rotated leftward to access in the direction of the arrow indicated by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 8, it is necessary to read out the storage contents of the part on the right side in addition to the storage contents of the part being accessed. . Therefore, the storage content of the part being accessed is defined as "now", the storage content of the part on the left thereof is defined as "next", and the storage content of the part on the right is defined as "back".

The correction data generator 13b shown in FIG. 6 is provided for such a purpose, and Table 1 shows a 5-bit signal for reading map data supplied from the latch 13a. Such a correction is made. For example,
In the display state C, when the figure is rotated to the left, that is, when the coordinate system is rotated to the right, 1 is added to the signal supplied from the latch 13a. When the figure is rotated to the right, 1 is added. It is designed to subtract. In the display state C, the latch 1 supplied from the V counter 11
The signal stored at 3a indicates the horizontal position of the map. Therefore, the 5-bit signal supplied from the latch 13a is located in the horizontal position in FIG.
B is identified. If the 5-bit signal supplied from the latch 13a accesses the character F, 1
Is to specify the position in the left direction, and represents that the character C is accessed. Also, subtracting 1 represents accessing character B. As a result, the signal of the terminal a on the input side of the adder 13c is the stored content of the part currently being accessed, that is, the signal of "now", but the signal of the terminal c on the output side is , The signal of the correction data generator 13b is added to represent a "next" or "back" signal. That is, since "Now" is read out N times during one raster period, "Next" or "Back" is also read out, so that N or more readout order data is read from the map.

As described above, the V signal output from the adder 12i is a signal for designating the horizontal position of the map at the time when access is being performed, and
The correction by b is performed on the signal supplied from the latch 13a to the adder 13c. For this reason, when the figure is rotated, for example, if an access is performed as shown by a solid line in FIG.
That is, the output signal of the adder 12i changes. For this reason, during the repetition period of the display timing signal, the adder 12i
Is changed, the V signal supplied to the adder 13c
A latch 13a is provided to fix the data so that the content of the signal does not change.

Since the selectors 14a and 14b in FIG. 9 are switched in synchronization with the latch 13a and the correction data generator 13b in FIG. 6, the selector 14a outputs a "next" or "back" signal. , The selector 14b outputs a "now" signal. On the other hand, in the display state C, the selection of each storage content in the horizontal direction in FIG. 8 is performed by the V signal, and the selection of the storage content in the vertical direction is performed by the H signal. When the access is performed, the H4 signal does not change the data content when accessing the first pixel to the 16th pixel, but the V4 signal changes the data content from accessing the twelfth pixel. I do. For this reason, the output signal of the EOR circuit 14n changes at this time, and it is determined that it is necessary to switch the screen to be displayed to "next" based on this change.

Information determined by the EOR circuit 14n is stored in the shift register 14i and stored in the latch 14h. Then, an output signal controlled as in mode 1 or mode 2 is transmitted from the switch circuit 14g according to the left and right signals and the display state signal supplied from the processing device 1 as shown in Table 2, and any one of the selectors 14c to 14f is selected. Selects the data of "now", and which selector selects the data of "next" is determined.

Character generator read signal generator 1
The data read from the character generator unit 15 by the signal supplied from the unit 4 is assembled into a graphic by the graphic assembling unit 16, supplied to the cathode ray tube 7 and displayed.

When the above-described rotation is not performed, "now" has been selected in all cases.
The terminal 4f only selects b, but when rotating, if "next" is selected, "next" of the reading order data will be used. In this way, when rotating, both "now" and "next" or "back" are used, so that selection of a character generator corresponding to twice as many kinds of reading order data as in the case where rotation is not performed is selected. Is performed. Also,
According to the display position and the display angle, when an accelerator is performed as indicated by a dashed arrow in FIG. 8, the character generator of "now" is selected. That is, during one raster period in the raster display mode, the character generator corresponding to at most 2N read order data is selected and rotated.

As a result, when no rotation is given to the coordinate system,
As shown in FIG. 15A, when a triangular figure is displayed on the screen and the memory is accessed as shown by a solid arrow in FIG. 8, the displayed figure is left as shown in FIG. 15B. It is displayed as a figure rotated in the direction. FIG.
When the memory is accessed as indicated by the one-dot chain line, the display graphic is displayed as a graphic rotated rightward as shown in FIG.

FIG. 20 shows the character generator
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a display state when the character generator is accessed at the orthogonal coordinates indicated by a bold line given a rotation when the character generator is stored. In this figure, since the data of character F is stored in the same manner as in FIG.
a, 01 corresponds to the character generator 15b, 10 corresponds to the character generator 15c, and 11 corresponds to the character generator 15d.

Data read from the character generators is read simultaneously from the four character generators and stored in shift registers 16a to 16d. At first, the first pixel to the sixteenth pixel are accessed, and the shift register 16f reads the 10th of CHG NO.
Is supplied to the selector 16e, and the shift register 16c storing the data of the character generator 15c is selected. And this shift register 16c
, A data corresponding to the first pixel and a data corresponding to the second pixel are successively read. At this time, since the master timing signal is also supplied to the other shift registers, data corresponding to the pixels represented by the symbols B, C, B, and C are also read out. Since it is not selected in 16e, it is not output. Note that the data read from the shift register 16c at this timing is "0" because it is not a character F but a blank part.

Next, in order to read data necessary for the third pixel from the shift register 16d storing the data of the character generator 15d, the data "11" is transferred from the shift register 16f to the selector 16d.
e. Then, data necessary for the third pixel is read from the shift register 16d at the third bit of the master timing. Since this data is for displaying the character F, it is "1". Similarly, data "1" corresponding to the fourth pixel is read out, but since the data of CHG.AD (V) has changed, the read out data is the CHG.AD (V).
(V) The character generator corresponding to the signal. Access is performed one after another in a similar manner.

When the first access is completed, the symbols AP
Are accessed, and access is sequentially performed with the columns of (a) to (d) and the columns of (a) to (p). As a result, a figure in which the character F is rotated is displayed as shown by the hatched portion in FIG. In this device, CHG · AD (V) and CHG · AD
Since the character generator designated by (H) reads simultaneously and uses necessary data from among them, the reading speed of the memory is only one-fourth that of a single memory. Can be configured simply and economically. In the example of FIG. 20, a signal is supplied from shift register 16f so that selection is performed in the order of character generators 15c, 15d, 15a, and 15b. This signal corresponds to the position of the character generator at which access is started. And the data is rearranged according to the access order.

Memory access is performed in the direction connecting points P1 and P2 in FIG. 16 when it is not necessary to apply rotation to the display graphic. When it is necessary to apply rotation, the rotation supplied from the processing unit 1 is used. The access direction is arbitrarily controlled by the quantity signal. In this control, as shown in FIG. 16, the pixel scanned next to the pixel currently being scanned is a pixel adjacent to the pixel being scanned. Therefore, the pixel scanned next to the pixel P1 is one of P2 to P4, and the access direction is up to four.
It is to be limited to five degrees.

As a result, if access is made in directions different by plus and minus 45 degrees, when no rotation is given, the figure displayed as a solid line in FIG. 17 extends from the position of the dashed line to the position of the dotted line in FIG. Will rotate in the range of.

However, it is not possible to apply a rotation of more than 45 degrees to the display figure as it is, but a signal generated by the adder 12k based on the H counter 11 to access the memory in the horizontal direction (this signal is referred to as an H access signal) Define)
When the vertical access of the memory is performed by a signal generated from the adder 12i based on the V counter 10 (this signal is defined as a V access signal),
The graphic displayed as shown in FIG.
It is displayed as shown in FIG. As a result, FIG.
17B is obtained by rotating the graphic shown by the dashed line in FIG. 17 by 135 degrees to the right. On the other hand, in FIG. 17, if the changing directions of the V access signal and the H access signal are reversed, the displayed graphic will be as shown in FIG. 18 (a). FIG. 18 (a)
In the figure, the figure shown by the one-dot chain line is obtained by rotating the figure shown by the solid line in FIG. 17 rightward by 225 degrees. FIG.
In FIG. 8A, when the V access signal and the H access signal are exchanged, the displayed graphic becomes as shown in FIG. In FIG. 18D, the figure shown by the dashed line is the figure shown by the solid line in FIG. 17 rotated 315 degrees to the right. Then, after replacing the V access signal and the H access signal in FIG.
When the data change direction of the V access signal is reversed, the displayed graphic is as shown in FIG. FIG.
(C) means that the figure shown in FIG. 17 has been rotated 360 degrees to the right. That is, the V access signal and H
By selecting the access signal and the change direction of the data, the figure can be rotated at an arbitrary angle and displayed.

The display state of FIG. 18 corresponds to the display state of FIG. 3, and the display states of the figures in the display states A, B, C, and D are (a), (b), and (b) of FIG.
(C) and (d) are obtained. Here, FIG.
In FIG. 18 (c) and FIGS. 18 (b) and 18 (d), the V access signal and the H access signal are exchanged. In order to exchange such access signals, the selector 1 shown in FIG.
3d to 13g are provided. Since the above description of giving a rotation to the figure is based on the state in the display state C, the pattern of the character generator used is, as shown in FIG.
(V) signal, and the vertical position is CHG · AD
(H) A V-shaped pattern represented by a signal was used. Even in the display state A, since only the change direction of each signal changes and the signal combination itself does not change, the V-shaped pattern shown in FIG. 11 can be used. However, in the display states B and D, the horizontal direction is the H access signal and the vertical direction is the V access signal. Therefore, when the same figure as that shown in FIG. 11 is to be displayed on the screen, as shown in FIG. It is necessary to use an H-shaped pattern obtained by rotating a simple V-shaped pattern by 90 degrees. For this reason, the character generators 15a to 15d have a V-shaped pattern and an H-shaped pattern, and select the pattern based on the display state signal and the rotation signal supplied from the processing device 1.

The processing device 1 generates a display state signal, an origin signal, a rotation amount signal, and a left-right direction signal. These signals may be controlled manually by an operator or generated by software control. You may. The maximum rotation angle is 45 degrees, but may be smaller than 45 degrees. The memory composed of the map and the character generator is a RAM.
So, even if it is a graphic display,
The rotation display of figures can be performed extremely fast. Further, in order to give a continuous rotation to the display figure, the rotation amount signal generated from the processing device 1 may be changed continuously.

[0077]

As described above, according to the present invention, the rotation of the coordinates of the read signal is applied, and the read signal causes the read order data from the map to be N or more in one raster period.
By using at most 2N, the coordinates of the read signal can be rotated while taking the method of reading the character generator by the map, and there is an effect that the figure can be rotated. ".

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph for explaining rotation of coordinates;

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a relationship between a memory and a display area;

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a display state;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing details of a coordinate rotation processing unit 12 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a map readout signal generator 13 shown in FIG. 1;
Block diagram showing details of

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing details of a map unit 4 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing storage contents and access directions of a map;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing details of a character generator readout signal generation unit 14 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing details of a character generator unit 15 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a V-shaped pattern stored in a character generator;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing details of a graphic assembling unit 16 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a relationship between a V signal and an H signal;

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an access direction of a memory;

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a state displayed when a rotation is given to a display graphic;

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a scanning direction of a pixel;

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a rotation range of a display graphic in a display state C;

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a display state when the same figure is rotated in four display states A, B, C, and D;

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an H-shaped pattern stored in a character generator;

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a state in which a character generator is accessed to explain rotation of a figure;

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an actual display state of a figure;

FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining a raster;

FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional device;

FIG. 24 is a block diagram for explaining storage contents of a character generator;

FIG. 25 is a timing chart showing a state in which signals read out in FIG. 24 are displayed.

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] March 31, 1997

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Full text

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Document Name] Statement

[Title of the Invention] Graphic display device

[Claims]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a graphic display device capable of rotating and displaying a graphic using a map and a graphic generator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in order to display a graphic (including characters) by an apparatus using a character generator, a memory in which a display graphic is stored by a map and a character generator is constructed, and reading order data read from the map is read. The graphic data is read from the character generator, and the read graphic data is displayed as a graphic by a raster scan method. This display is performed as shown in FIG.
0 is formed, and the scanning position is sequentially moved to the left side of the screen to display rasters A1 to An, thereby displaying a graphic. N (for example, 16) characters are displayed on one raster, and if the figures are all different, N types of figures can be displayed. (This figure shows a typical CRT 9
(Used rotated 0 degrees.) FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing an example of a device for performing such a display, wherein 1 is a processing device for processing a digital signal, 2 is an H counter for designating a horizontal scanning position of a CRT, and 3 is a CRT of the CRT. V counter for designating a scanning position in the vertical direction, 4 is a map section in which the read address order of the character generator is stored, 5 is a character generator, 6
Denotes a shift register, 7 denotes a cathode ray tube, H denotes a counter 2 and a V counter 3 constitute a read signal generator for generating a read signal represented by rectangular coordinates. The map unit 4 and the character generator 5 have different attributes, but have a video RAM in a graphic display.
Constitutes a memory for displaying a graphic corresponding to.

[0003] In the device configured as described above, the read order data stored in the map section 4 is sequentially read by the output signals of the H counter 2 and the V counter 3 controlled by the processing device 1, and the read read is performed. Graphic data representing a graphic corresponding to the order data signal is read from character generator 5, and character generator 5 reads data of each line of character A when character A is stored, for example, as shown in FIG. , Are stored in the shift register 6. And this data is
5 (b) to 5 (f).
The letter A is displayed on the CRT 7 as shown in FIG.

[0004] Thus, the character generator 5
Is read out and displayed on the cathode ray tube, so that a plurality of character generators can be used to display a figure having an arbitrary shape and size. At this time, by shifting the reading start position of the data stored in the character generator in the horizontal or vertical direction, the displayed screen can also be shifted in the horizontal or vertical direction.

As described above, in a display device that displays N characters or the like on one scanning line using a map and a character generator, one reading order data, ie, N
For each character, N read order data is obtained and supplied to the corresponding character generator to make visible characters.

In such an apparatus, the displayed characters are changed by changing the reading order data read from the map. That is, to change one character, only one read order data in the map needs to be changed. Therefore, such a display device can perform processing at a much higher speed than updating a video RAM in a graphic display, and is suitable for a display device for high-speed moving image processing such as a video game machine. Also, unlike a video RAM of a graphic display, a large memory capacity corresponding to the screen size is not required, and the device can be manufactured at low cost.

[0007]

However, the method using the map and the character generator is not a single memory for drawing as in the method using the video RAM of the graphic display, but is a direct method using different attributes. It requires two systems of memory not for drawing, which is more complicated. For example, it is possible to move and display the display position horizontally or vertically as described above,
Because it does not have a drawing memory, it is not clear whether figures can be scaled up or down, much less.
The technique, such as the rotation display of a figure, is completely unknown to a person skilled in the art, and the method is unknown.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus which enables a graphic to be rotated and displayed using a map and a character generator.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a map for displaying N figures on a scanning line of a raster scan type display and a figure generating unit, Generating a first read signal and a second read signal based on the direction read signal and the horizontal direction read signal; supplying the first read signal to the map to obtain read order data from the map; Supplying sequence data and the second read signal to the graphic generator to obtain graphic data;
A graphic display device for performing graphic display using said graphic data, characterized in that, in order to display a graphic on one scanning line, more than N pieces of read order data are obtained from said map, and that the graphic can be rotated and displayed. A graphic display device.

[0010]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, and the same parts as those in FIG. 23 use the same symbols. Reference numeral 10 denotes a V counter for generating a signal for designating one coordinate axis of the readout signals represented by rectangular coordinates, 11 denotes an H counter for generating a signal for designating the other coordinate axis, 1
2 is a coordinate rotation processing unit for rotating the coordinate system of the read signal;
Reference numeral 13 denotes a map read signal generating unit for generating a signal for reading the stored contents of the map unit 4, reference numeral 14 denotes a character generator read signal generating unit for generating a signal for reading graphic data from the character generator unit, and reference numeral 15 denotes a character. Generator unit 16 is character generator unit 1
This is a graphic assembling section for assembling data read from the reference numeral 5 into a graphic. The character generator 15 and the graphic assembler 16 are collectively referred to as a graphic generator.

As shown in FIG. 2, providing a rotation to the coordinate axis causes the output signal of the V counter 10 to correspond to the coordinate axis in the X direction and the output signal of the H counter 11 to correspond to the Y axis.
That is, the orthogonal coordinates expressed in correspondence with the coordinate axes of the directions are inclined by an angle θ as shown by a dotted line, and are converted into new orthogonal coordinates expressed by an x-axis and a y-axis.

When data representing a graphic to be displayed is determined by reading data from the video RAM in order, such as a video RAM in a graphic display, and the display content is determined, a video RAM corresponding to the video RAM is used in the present invention. Called memory.

The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 reads out data from the character generator section 15 based on a signal obtained by accessing the map section 4, and displays a graphic by the data. Therefore, the memory is constituted by the map unit 4 and the character generator unit 15,
In this device, the memory is as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is composed of four frames. The size of one frame represents one screen of the CRT, and the symbol A at the right shoulder of the memory
The portion indicated by is defined as the absolute origin, the direction of accessing leftward or downward from the absolute origin is defined as positive, the horizontal direction of the memory as the horizontal direction, and the vertical direction as the vertical direction. The portion indicated by the symbol B, which is the right shoulder of the display screen of the CRT, is defined as the CRT origin.

As shown in FIG.
The display state is defined as follows depending on whether the output signals of the 0 and H counters 11 are used for vertical access or horizontal access of the memory.

(A) Display state A (state of FIG. 4A) The output signal of the V counter 10 is used for horizontal access of the memory, the output signal of the H counter 11 is used for vertical access, and Access position advances in the negative (right) direction of the memory over time, and the access position in the vertical direction advances in the negative (up) direction of the memory.

(B) Display state B (state of FIG. 4 (b)) The output signal of the V counter 10 is used for vertical access of the memory, the output signal of the H counter 11 is used for horizontal access, and the vertical direction is used. Access position advances in the negative (up) direction of the memory as time passes, and the access position in the horizontal direction advances in the positive (left) direction of the memory.

(C) Display state C (state of FIG. 4 (c)) The output signal of the V counter 10 is used for horizontal access of the memory, and the output signal of the H counter 11 is used for vertical access. Access position advances in the positive (left) direction of the memory with the passage of time, and the access position in the vertical direction advances in the positive (down) direction of the memory.

(D) Display state D (state of FIG. 4 (d)) The output signal of the V counter 10 is used for access in the memory vertical direction, and the output signal of the H counter 11 is used for access in the horizontal direction. The access position advances in the positive (down) direction of the memory as time passes, and the access position in the horizontal direction advances in the negative (right) direction of the memory.

The V counter 10 counts down when the display state signal supplied from the processing unit 1 indicates the display state A and display state B, and counts up when the display state signal indicates the display states C and D. It is supposed to do it. The H counter 11 counts up when the display state signal supplied from the processing device 1 indicates the display states B and C, and counts down when the display state signal indicates the display states A and D. ing.

The coordinate rotation processing unit 12 has a V counter 10, H
The readout signal represented by the rectangular coordinates supplied from the counter 11 includes a display state signal, a rotation amount signal, an origin signal representing the CRT origin in absolute coordinates, a V signal, a V4 signal, an H signal, an H4 signal, and a CHG AD ( V) signal, CHG / AD
(H) signal and a CHG / NO signal are generated.

The map readout signal generator 13 generates a V4L signal and an H4 signal to be supplied to the character generator readout signal generator 14 in addition to a signal for reading out the contents stored in the map unit 4.

As shown in FIG. 5, the coordinate rotation processing unit 12 includes a component origin register 12b, a vertical component origin register 12c,
Selector 12d, selector 12e, rotation signal calculator 12
f, 12g, and adders 12h to 12k.

The horizontal component origin register 12b is provided in the processing device 1
A signal for representing the horizontal component of the CRT origin coordinate with respect to the absolute origin is generated in accordance with the origin signal supplied from the control unit. Also, the vertical component origin register 12
c generates a signal representing a vertical component. When the display state signal from the processing device 1 indicates the display states A and C, the selector 12d outputs the signal supplied from the horizontal component origin register 12b, and outputs the display states B and
When D is represented, a signal supplied from the vertical component origin register 12c is output. Selector 1
2e indicates that the display state signal from the processing device 1 is the display state A,
When indicating C, the signal supplied from the vertical component origin register 12c is output, and when indicating the display states B and D, the signal supplied from the horizontal component origin register 12b is output. Rotation signal calculation units 12f, 12
g is adapted to rotate the signals supplied from the V counter 10 and the H counter 11 in accordance with a signal representing the amount of rotation supplied from the processing device 1, and performs affine conversion.

The adder 12i is a 5-bit V signal representing a position on one coordinate of the map unit 4, and a 2-bit CHG representing a position on the vertical coordinate axis of the character generator.
An AD (V) signal and a 2-bit CHG / NO signal to be supplied to the graphic assembling section 16 are generated. The adder 12k represents a position 5 on the other coordinate axis of the map 4
A bit H signal, a 2-bit CHG.AD (H) signal indicating the position of the character generator on the horizontal coordinate axis, and a 2-bit MT signal indicating the master timing are generated. Of these, the lower one of the V signal
Bit and the lower 1 bit of the H signal are H4 necessary for the operation of the character generator readout signal generator 14.
Signal and V4 signal.

As shown in FIG. 6, the map read signal generator 13 includes a latch 13a, a correction data generator 13b, an adder 13c, selectors 13d to 13i, an EOR circuit 13j,
It is composed of The correction data generator 13b generates the signals shown in Table 1 according to the left and right signals indicating the rotation direction and the display state signal indicating the display state supplied from the processing device 1.

[0026]

[Table 1]

In Table 1, "left" means that the figure is rotated left and displayed, and "right" means that the figure is rotated right and displayed.

The selectors 13d to 13g output the signal on the input terminal a side when the display state signal indicates the display states A and C, and output the signal on the input terminal b side when the display state signals indicate the display states B and D. It is designed to output a signal. The selector 13h and the selector 13i are connected to the EOR circuit 13
According to the signal supplied from j, the signal of the input terminal a1, a2 side or the signal of the input terminal b1, b2 side is output.

As shown in FIG.
a, 4b, and latches 4c, 4d. As shown in FIG. 8, this map has a unit corresponding to a 16 × 16 pixel of a cathode ray tube, which is a unit of 32 × 32 units. The map 4a or the map 4b is configured. Also, when one unit map is specified,
Information in the map is read regardless of which 16 × 16 pixel corresponding to this map is scanned. That is, in FIG. 8, when an access is performed as indicated by a solid line, data F is read from a portion corresponding to pixel 1 to a portion corresponding to pixel 11.

Character generator read signal generator 1
Reference numeral 4 includes selectors 14a to 14f, switch circuits 14g and 14j, latches 14h, shift registers 14i and 14k, and EOR circuits 14m and 14n, as shown in FIG. In the selectors 14a to 14f, the input terminal a or the input terminal b is selected according to a signal supplied to the input terminal c. Switch circuits 14g, 14
Table 2 shows a combination of the signals supplied to the input terminals a to d and the output terminals g to j for outputting the signals in accordance with the left and right signals or the display state signals supplied to the input terminals e and f. Mode 1 or mode 2 is selected. Whether "mode 1" or "mode 2" is selected is determined by the criteria in Table 3. The shift register 14i is a 1-bit 4-stage shift register, and the shift register 14k is a 2-bit 4 shift register.
It is a stage shift register.

[0031]

[Table 2]

[0032]

[Table 3]

As shown in FIG. 10, the character generator section 15 is composed of character generators 15a to 15d. Each character generator supplies two types of graphic patterns of V type and H type, which will be described later, from the processing device 1. In response to a signal supplied from the character generator readout signal generation unit 14, graphic data is read from the selected graphic pattern.

FIG. 11 shows a V-shaped pattern among the patterns of the character generator. The numerals 00 to 11 in the horizontal direction outside the frame are CHG output from the adder 12k.
The address specified by the AD (H) signal, and the number in the vertical direction is CHG · AD output from the adder 12i.
(V) An address specified by the signal. One frame is decomposed into four parts a to d, and the data of the parts a to d correspond to the character generators 15a to 15d, respectively, and the parts are in the horizontal direction of the CRT.
Data of pixel × 4 pixels in the vertical direction is stored. That is, the frame of the portion designated by the vertical and horizontal addresses stores data of 4 × 4 pixels.
And one storage unit of the character generator is 4 ×
There are four addresses, that is, 16 × 16 pixels.

As shown in FIG. 12, the graphic assembling section 16 comprises shift registers 16a to 16d, a selector 16e, and a shift register 16f. Each shift register outputs the MSB (most significant bit) first when the display state signal supplied from the processing device 1 is the display state A or B,
When the display state signals are the display states C and D, the LSB (least significant bit) is output first. Selector 1
Reference numeral 6e selects and transmits an input signal as shown in Table 4 according to a signal supplied from the shift register 16f.

[0036]

[Table 4]

The shift register 16f is a 2-bit 8-stage shift register.

The operation of the device configured as described above is as follows. First, a display operation when a figure is not rotated will be described. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, a display state signal is supplied from the processing device 1 to the V counter 10 and the H counter 11, and an origin signal is supplied to the horizontal component origin register 12b and the vertical component origin register 12c.
At this time, the screen performs scanning as shown in FIG. 22, and this state corresponds to the state of the display state C.
The horizontal position of the screen in FIG. 22 is determined by the output signal of the V counter 10, and the vertical position is determined by the output signal of the H counter 11.

The output signal of the H counter 11 is supplied to an adder 12k.
The rotation signal is supplied to the rotation signal calculation unit 12g. In this case, the rotation signal calculation unit 12f and the rotation signal calculation unit 12g do not generate output signals because the figure is not rotated.

When the display state signal output from the processing device 1 indicates the display state C, the selector 12d and the selector 12e operate in the horizontal component origin register 12 respectively.
b and the signal generated from the vertical component origin register 12c are selected and output. As a result, the signal output from the adder 12h is obtained by adding the data of the output signal of the V counter 10 and the output signal of the horizontal component origin register 12b. Since the rotation signal calculation unit 12g has not generated an output signal, the adder 12i outputs the output signal of the adder 12h as it is. Similarly, the adder 12j outputs the output signal of the vertical component origin register 12c, and the adder 12k adds the output signal of the adder 12j, that is, the output signal of the vertical component origin register 12c and the data of the H counter 11. Output a signal.

The output signals of the adders 12i and 12k are, as shown in FIG.
3g. When it is not necessary to rotate the figure, the correction data generator 13b normally does not need to generate an output signal. However, since no special treatment is performed for this, correction data is generated. Then, since this data is added by the adder 13c, the corrected data is output from the adder 13c. However, since this data is unnecessary data when no rotation is given to the figure, it is ignored by the character generator read signal generation unit 14 described later and is not used.

Since the selectors 13d to 13g output the signal on the input terminal a side in the display state C as described above, the selectors 13d and 13e
3c, the selector 13f and the selector 1
3g outputs the output signal of the adder 12k.

As described above, the selectors 13h and 13i output signals supplied to the input terminals a1, a2 or b1, b2 according to the signal supplied from the EOR circuit 13j. EOR circuit 13j
The V4L signal supplied to one of the two lines A1 to An shown in FIG.
Since the H4 signal supplied to the other side does not change but designates the address of the vertical position over the range H in FIG. 22, it changes alternately during the period of the V4L signal as shown in FIG. I do. Therefore, the selector 13
h, the output signal of the selector 13i is alternately switched between the input terminals a1, a2 and b1, b2.

As shown in FIG. 7, the output signals of the selectors 13h and 13i are supplied to the map section 4, so that the stored contents are read from the maps 4a and 4b, and the read stored contents are stored in the latches 4c and 4d. And stored in FIG.
Are supplied to the selectors 14a and 14b shown in FIG.
Since these selectors are supplied with signals from the EOR circuit 14m to which the H4 signal and the V4L signal are supplied, the input terminals a and b are switched in synchronization with the selectors 13h and 13i.

The signals read from the selectors 14a and 14b are supplied to the selectors 14c to 14f, respectively.
, And are selected and output in accordance with the signals supplied to the terminals c of those selectors. At this time, the signals supplied to the terminals b of the selectors 14c to 14f are data that has not been corrected by the correction data generator 13b of the map readout signal generator 13, and the data supplied to the terminal a is the corrected data. It is. However, when no rotation is applied to the display figure, no corrected data is needed.
For this reason, the signal sent from the switch circuit 14g selects the terminal b of the selectors 14c to 14f, and the signal supplied to the terminal a is ignored.

A signal representing the number of the character generator supplied from adder 12i is stored in shift register 14k, and the stored signal is stored in switch circuit 1k.
4j. When the switch circuit 14j does not apply a rotation to the display figure, the switch circuit 14j operates in the mode 1 of Table 2 described above.
, Signals are transmitted from the output terminals facing each other.

Character generator read signal generator 1
The signal generated in 4 is supplied to character generators 15a to 15d as shown in FIG. Each character generator responds to the display state signal supplied from the processing device 1 as described above.
A V-shaped or H-shaped pattern, which will be described later, is selected.
Is transmitting the signal in the display state C, the V-shaped pattern is selected.

The unit read out by the map unit 4 in the V-shaped pattern is as shown in FIG. 11 as described above. In this example, the unit in which the figure representing the character F is stored is shown. ing. In FIG. 11, addresses written horizontally outside the frame are the adders 1 of FIG.
The address specified by the CHG.AD (V) signal output from the second adder 2i and written in the vertical direction is the adder 1 shown in FIG.
Designated by the CHG.AD (H) signal output from 2k. For this reason, the V signal and the H signal supplied from the adders 12i and 12k cause I to I in FIG.
16 types of blocks described as XVI can be designated.

The blocks I to XVI are further composed of four fine blocks, and the fine blocks correspond to each character generator. That is, the portions described as a, b, c, and d are the character generator 15a and the character generator 1 respectively.
5b, a character generator 15c, and a character generator 15d. Each character generator stores 4-bit data in the vertical direction of the figure,
In the figure, data of "1" is stored in a shaded portion, and data of "0" is stored in other portions. For this reason, the CHG · AD (V) signal and the CHG
When the data of the AD (H) signal are both 00, the first
Four small blocks indicated by I at the upper right of the figure are selected, and “000” is output from the character generator 15a.
0 ”and“ 000 ”from the character generator 15b.
0 ”and“ 001 ”from the character generator 15c.
1 ”, from character generator 15d to“ 0011 ”
Is read out.

Data read from these character generators is supplied to and stored in shift registers 16a to 16d. When displaying the first raster, a signal for selecting the shift register 16a is supplied from the shift register 16f of FIG. 12 to the selector 16e. As a result, only the data of the shift register 16a, that is, the data read from the character generator 15a is selected, and the remaining data of the shift registers 16b to 16d are discarded. At this time, the timings of the shift registers 16a and 16f are synchronized.

Next, when the data of the CHG.AD (H) signal becomes 01, the block II in FIG. 11 is selected, and only the data read from the character generator 15a is selected from the block II. Similarly, CH
When the data of the G.AD (H) signal changes to 10, 11, blocks III and IV in FIG. 11 are selected, and only the data read from the character generator 15a in that part is selected.

After the data indicated by the bold line in FIG. 11 is read out, the data indicated by the dotted line below is read out in the same manner. That is, raster A0 in FIG.
Is formed. Then, after the raster A0 is formed, similarly, the next raster is sequentially formed, and the last raster An shown in FIG. 22 is formed, thereby forming one display screen.

That is, a V-shaped pattern is designated by the processing unit 1, and a lump of 16 blocks I to XVI as shown in FIG. ) Signal and the CHG.AD (V) signal, one of the blocks I to XVI is selected, whereby four bits of data are read from the character generators 15a to 15d.

Although the CHG.AD (V) signal changes for each reciprocation of the raster, the CHG.AD (H) signal changes as the scanning progresses.
CHG • AD (H) when HG • AD (V) signal is 00
As the signal changes to 00, 01, 10, and 11, data is sequentially read from the rightmost blocks I, II, III, and IV.

Data read from character generators 15a to 15d are supplied to and stored in shift registers 16a to 16d shown in FIG. Then, in response to the signal supplied from the shift register 16f, the selector 16e sets the terminal a
Ｄd are sent to the cathode ray tube 7 for display.

If scanning is sequentially performed in this manner, a signal representing a figure read from character generator unit 15 is displayed on the screen.

At this time, by changing the origin data, the display screen can be moved in the horizontal or vertical direction.

Next, the operation when the figure is rotated will be described. The coordinate rotation processing unit 12 shown in FIG. 5 performs a rotation signal operation on the signals supplied to the terminals a of the adders 12i and 12j in addition to the operation described when the rotation is not applied to the figure. An operation of adding the output signals supplied from the rotation signal operation unit 12g and the rotation signal operation unit 12g is performed. For this reason, the signal representing the orthogonal coordinates output from the coordinate rotation processing unit 12 is rotated by an angle corresponding to the output signals supplied from the rotation signal calculation unit 12f and the rotation signal calculation unit 12g, and the coordinate system is rotated by a dotted line in FIG. It becomes as shown by.
In this way, by rotating the coordinate system,
Even if the output signals of the V counter 10 and the H counter 11 have the same value as when no rotation is given to the figure, different locations are accessed in the memory.

Now, in the memory space indicated by the square in FIG. 14, the horizontal position is specified by a V address (the coordinate specified by the V counter 10 is defined as a V address), and the vertical position is an H address ( When the coordinates specified by the H counter 11 are defined as H addresses, the rotation of the coordinate system represented by the orthogonal coordinates specified by the H counter 11 is not given, the value of the V counter 10 is fixed, and the H counter 11
Is changed, the access is performed in the direction indicated by the solid line of the symbol A. However, when rotation is given to the coordinate system, access is performed in the direction indicated by the dotted line of the symbol B. That is, when the coordinate system is rotated, the memory space is accessed obliquely.

The map section 4 from which data is read by the signal supplied from the map read signal generating section 13 stores independent display contents for each area of the CRT 7 surrounded by 16 pixels in length and width. For example, when the data shown in FIG. 8, that is, the portion surrounded by the double line in the center is accessed, the map portion 4 reads out the data representing the character F, and the right-hand portion is accessed. At this time, the data representing the character B is read, and when the data on the left side is accessed, the data representing the character C is read. If the coordinate rotation processing unit 12 has given the coordinate system a rightward rotation, the map unit 4 is accessed as shown by the solid line in FIG.
Therefore, data for displaying the character F is read from the first to eleventh pixels, while data for displaying the character C is read from the twelfth to sixteenth pixels. On the other hand, since the display timing signal is generated every 16 pixels,
It is generated every time the line crosses the horizontal double line in FIG.

As a result, when the coordinate system is rotated right and the map is accessed in the direction of the solid arrow in FIG. 8, two types of characters F and C for displaying the characters F and C in one cycle of the display timing signal are displayed. Data is needed. As described above, when a right rotation is given to the coordinate system, it is necessary to read out the storage contents of the left adjacent part in addition to the storage contents of the part currently being accessed during the display timing signal period. When the coordinate system is rotated leftward to access in the direction of the arrow indicated by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 8, it is necessary to read out the storage contents of the part on the right side in addition to the storage contents of the part being accessed. . Therefore, the storage content of the part being accessed is defined as "now", the storage content of the part on the left thereof is defined as "next", and the storage content of the part on the right is defined as "back".

The correction data generator 13b shown in FIG. 6 is provided for such a purpose, and Table 1 shows a 5-bit signal for reading the map data supplied from the latch 13a. Such a correction is made. For example,
In the display state C, when the figure is rotated to the left, that is, when the coordinate system is rotated to the right, 1 is added to the signal supplied from the latch 13a. When the figure is rotated to the right, 1 is added. It is designed to subtract. In the display state C, the latch 1 supplied from the V counter 11
The signal stored at 3a indicates the horizontal position of the map. Therefore, the 5-bit signal supplied from the latch 13a is located in the horizontal position in FIG.
B is identified. If the 5-bit signal supplied from the latch 13a accesses the character F, 1
Is to specify the position in the left direction, and represents that the character C is accessed. Also, subtracting 1 represents accessing character B. As a result, the signal of the terminal a on the input side of the adder 13c is the stored content of the part currently being accessed, that is, the signal of "now", but the signal of the terminal c on the output side is , The signal of the correction data generator 13b is added to represent a "next" or "back" signal. That is, since "Now" is read out N times during one raster period, "Next" or "Back" is also read out, so that N or more readout order data is read from the map.

As described above, the V signal output from the adder 12i is a signal for specifying the horizontal position of the map at the time of access and is performed by the correction data generator 13i.
The correction by b is performed on the signal supplied from the latch 13a to the adder 13c. For this reason, when the figure is rotated, for example, if an access is performed as shown by a solid line in FIG.
That is, the output signal of the adder 12i changes. For this reason, during the repetition period of the display timing signal, the adder 12i
Is changed, the V signal supplied to the adder 13c
A latch 13a is provided to fix the data so that the content of the signal does not change.

Since the selectors 14a and 14b in FIG. 9 are switched in synchronization with the latch 13a and the correction data generator 13b in FIG. 6, the selector 14a outputs a "next" or "back" signal. , The selector 14b outputs a "now" signal. On the other hand, in the display state C, the selection of each storage content in the horizontal direction in FIG. 8 is performed by the V signal, and the selection of the storage content in the vertical direction is performed by the H signal. When the access is performed, the H4 signal does not change the data content when accessing the first pixel to the 16th pixel, but the V4 signal changes the data content from accessing the twelfth pixel. I do. For this reason, the output signal of the EOR circuit 14n changes at this time, and it is determined that it is necessary to switch the screen to be displayed to "next" based on this change.

Information determined by the EOR circuit 14n is stored in the shift register 14i and stored in the latch 14h. Then, an output signal controlled as in mode 1 or mode 2 is transmitted from the switch circuit 14g according to the left and right signals and the display state signal supplied from the processing device 1 as shown in Table 2, and any one of the selectors 14c to 14f is selected. Selects the data of "now", and which selector selects the data of "next" is determined.

Character generator read signal generator 1
The data read from the character generator unit 15 by the signal supplied from the unit 4 is assembled into a graphic by the graphic assembling unit 16, supplied to the cathode ray tube 7 and displayed.

When the above rotation is not performed, "now" has been selected in all cases.
The terminal 4f only selects b, but when rotating, if "next" is selected, "next" of the reading order data will be used. In this way, when rotating, both "now" and "next" or "back" are used, so that selection of a character generator corresponding to twice as many kinds of reading order data as in the case where rotation is not performed is selected. Is performed. Also,
According to the display position and the display angle, when an accelerator is performed as indicated by a dashed arrow in FIG. 8, the character generator of "now" is selected. That is, during one raster period in the raster display mode, the character generator corresponding to at most 2N read order data is selected and rotated.

As a result, when no rotation is given to the coordinate system,
As shown in FIG. 15A, when a triangular figure is displayed on the screen and the memory is accessed as shown by a solid arrow in FIG. 8, the displayed figure is left as shown in FIG. 15B. It is displayed as a figure rotated in the direction. FIG.
When the memory is accessed as indicated by the one-dot chain line, the display graphic is displayed as a graphic rotated rightward as shown in FIG.

FIG. 20 shows the character generator
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a display state when the character generator is accessed at the orthogonal coordinates indicated by a bold line given a rotation when the character generator is stored. In this figure, since the data of character F is stored in the same manner as in FIG.
a, 01 corresponds to the character generator 15b, 10 corresponds to the character generator 15c, and 11 corresponds to the character generator 15d.

Data read from the character generators is read simultaneously from the four character generators and stored in shift registers 16a to 16d. At first, the first pixel to the sixteenth pixel are accessed, and the shift register 16f reads the 10th of CHG NO.
Is supplied to the selector 16e, and the shift register 16c storing the data of the character generator 15c is selected. And this shift register 16c
, A data corresponding to the first pixel and a data corresponding to the second pixel are successively read. At this time, since the master timing signal is also supplied to the other shift registers, data corresponding to the pixels represented by the symbols B, C, B, and C are also read out. Since it is not selected in 16e, it is not output. Note that the data read from the shift register 16c at this timing is "0" because it is not a character F but a blank part.

Next, data "11" is read from the shift register 16f to the selector 16 so that data necessary to correspond to the third pixel is read from the shift register 16d storing the data of the character generator 15d.
e. Then, data necessary for the third pixel is read from the shift register 16d at the third bit of the master timing. Since this data is for displaying the character F, it is "1". Similarly, data "1" corresponding to the fourth pixel is read out, but since the data of CHG.AD (V) has changed, the read out data is the CHG.AD (V).
(V) The character generator corresponding to the signal. Access is performed one after another in a similar manner.

When the first access is completed, the symbols AP
Are accessed, and access is sequentially performed with the columns of (a) to (d) and the columns of (a) to (p). As a result, a figure in which the character F is rotated is displayed as shown by the hatched portion in FIG. In this device, CHG · AD (V) and CHG · AD
Since the character generator designated by (H) reads simultaneously and uses necessary data from among them, the reading speed of the memory is only one-fourth that of a single memory. Can be configured simply and economically. In the example of FIG. 20, a signal is supplied from shift register 16f so that selection is performed in the order of character generators 15c, 15d, 15a, and 15b. This signal corresponds to the position of the character generator at which access is started. And the data is rearranged according to the access order.

Memory access is performed in the direction connecting points P1 and P2 in FIG. 16 when it is not necessary to apply rotation to the display figure. When it is necessary to apply rotation, the rotation supplied from the processing unit 1 is used. The access direction is arbitrarily controlled by the quantity signal. In this control, as shown in FIG. 16, the pixel scanned next to the pixel currently being scanned is a pixel adjacent to the pixel being scanned. Therefore, the pixel scanned next to the pixel P1 is one of P2 to P4, and the access direction is up to four.
It is to be limited to five degrees.

As a result, when access is made in directions different by plus or minus 45 degrees, the figure displayed as a solid line in FIG. 17 when no rotation is given is from the position of the dashed line to the position of the dotted line in FIG. Will rotate in the range of.

However, the display figure cannot be rotated by more than 45 degrees as it is, but a signal generated by the adder 12k based on the H counter 11 to access the memory in the horizontal direction (this signal is referred to as an H access signal) Define)
When the vertical access of the memory is performed by a signal generated from the adder 12i based on the V counter 10 (this signal is defined as a V access signal),
The graphic displayed as shown in FIG.
It is displayed as shown in FIG. As a result, FIG.
17B is obtained by rotating the graphic shown by the dashed line in FIG. 17 by 135 degrees to the right. On the other hand, in FIG. 17, if the changing directions of the V access signal and the H access signal are reversed, the displayed graphic will be as shown in FIG. 18 (a). FIG. 18 (a)
In the figure, the figure shown by the one-dot chain line is obtained by rotating the figure shown by the solid line in FIG. 17 rightward by 225 degrees. FIG.
In FIG. 8A, when the V access signal and the H access signal are exchanged, the displayed graphic becomes as shown in FIG. In FIG. 18D, the figure shown by the dashed line is the figure shown by the solid line in FIG. 17 rotated 315 degrees to the right. Then, after replacing the V access signal and the H access signal in FIG.
When the data change direction of the V access signal is reversed, the displayed graphic is as shown in FIG. FIG.
(C) means that the figure shown in FIG. 17 has been rotated 360 degrees to the right. That is, the V access signal and H
By selecting the access signal and the change direction of the data, the figure can be rotated at an arbitrary angle and displayed.

The display state of FIG. 18 corresponds to the display state of FIG. 3, and the display states of the figures in the display states A, B, C, and D described above are (a), (b), and (b) of FIG.
(C) and (d) are obtained. Here, FIG.
In FIG. 18 (c) and FIGS. 18 (b) and 18 (d), the V access signal and the H access signal are exchanged. In order to exchange such access signals, the selector 1 shown in FIG.
3d to 13g are provided. Since the above description of giving a rotation to the figure is based on the state in the display state C, the pattern of the character generator used is, as shown in FIG.
(V) signal, and the vertical position is CHG · AD
(H) A V-shaped pattern represented by a signal was used. Even in the display state A, since only the change direction of each signal changes and the signal combination itself does not change, the V-shaped pattern shown in FIG. 11 can be used. However, in the display states B and D, the horizontal direction is the H access signal and the vertical direction is the V access signal. Therefore, when the same figure as that shown in FIG. 11 is to be displayed on the screen, as shown in FIG. It is necessary to use an H-shaped pattern obtained by rotating a simple V-shaped pattern by 90 degrees. For this reason, the character generators 15a to 15d have a V-shaped pattern and an H-shaped pattern, and select the pattern based on the display state signal and the rotation signal supplied from the processing device 1.

The processing device 1 generates a display state signal, an origin signal, a rotation amount signal, and a left / right direction signal. These signals may be controlled manually by an operator or generated by software control. You may. The maximum rotation angle is 45 degrees, but may be smaller than 45 degrees. The memory composed of the map and the character generator is a RAM.
So, even if it is a graphic display,
The rotation display of figures can be performed extremely fast. Further, in order to give a continuous rotation to the display figure, the rotation amount signal generated from the processing device 1 may be changed continuously.

[0078]

As described above, the present invention provides a method for rotating the coordinates of a readout signal and using the readout signal from the map to use N or more, at most 2N, read order data in one raster period. In addition, the coordinates of the read signal can be rotated while taking the method of reading by the character generator depending on the map, and there is an effect that the figure can be rotated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph for explaining rotation of coordinates;

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a relationship between a memory and a display area;

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a display state;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing details of a coordinate rotation processing unit 12 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a map readout signal generator 13 shown in FIG. 1;
Block diagram showing details of

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing details of a map unit 4 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing storage contents and access directions of a map;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing details of a character generator readout signal generation unit 14 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing details of a character generator unit 15 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a V-shaped pattern stored in a character generator;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing details of a graphic assembling unit 16 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a relationship between a V signal and an H signal;

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an access direction of a memory;

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a state displayed when a rotation is given to a display graphic;

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a scanning direction of a pixel;

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a rotation range of a display graphic in a display state C;

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a display state when the same figure is rotated in four display states A, B, C, and D;

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an H-shaped pattern stored in a character generator;

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a state in which a character generator is accessed to explain rotation of a figure;

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an actual display state of a figure;

FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining a raster;

FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional device;

FIG. 24 is a block diagram for explaining storage contents of a character generator;

FIG. 25 is a timing chart showing a state in which signals read out in FIG. 24 are displayed.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first read signal and a second read signal based on a vertical read signal and a horizontal read signal using a graphic generator for displaying N graphics on a scanning line of a raster scan type display. And supplies the first read signal to the map to obtain read order data from the map, and supplies the read order data and the second read signal to the graphic generator to generate the read order data. A graphic display method for obtaining data and performing graphic display using the graphic data, wherein N or more and 2N or less read order data are read from the map in one raster period, and the graphic is rotated and displayed. Graphic display method.