JPH10306696A - Execution method of support in tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To execute supporting works without dangers by supporting only positions where rocks easily collapse with lattice-shaped lining panels and removing the panels in accordance with the position where rocks do not presumably easily collapse. SOLUTION: Ring-shaped support members 3 are assembled one by one in the skinplate 15 of a tunnel excavation machine 1 and lattice-shaped lining panels 4 to cover at least the whole upper peripheral parts of the tunnel wall face 2 are installed in advance between adjacent ring-shaped support members 3. A support A is projected to the tunnel wall face side in accordance with the excavation of the tunnel excavation machine 1 and a lattice-shaped lining panel 4 corresponding to the position where rocks do not presumably easily collapse is removed after the property of the rocks of the tunnel wall face has been judged from the inside of tunnel through the lattice-shaped lining panel 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for forming a support for a primary support on a wall surface excavated by a tunnel excavator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When a tunnel is excavated by a tunnel excavator, the excavated tunnel wall surface may fall off or fall down. The ring-shaped support members are assembled along with the backing members such as expanded metal or wire mesh between the adjacent ring-shaped support members, and the rock material loosened from the tunnel wall surface in the tunnel by these lining members. It forms a shoring that prevents it from collapsing.

[0003]

However, according to the above-mentioned prior art, the support is formed behind the tunnel excavator where the excavated tunnel wall surface is exposed. There is a risk that the bedrock may collapse when assembling or stretching the lining member, which is extremely dangerous and that the work cannot be performed smoothly. In addition, the tunnel wall excavated by the tunnel excavator includes a wall part with a risk of rock collapse and a solid rock part without such danger. After that, since the lining member is stretched on the wall portion where the collapse may occur, there is a possibility that the collapse may occur during the inspection as described above, which is extremely dangerous.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and does not require the formation of a shoring or the extension of a lining member in a tunnel wall. Assembling the ring-shaped support member and stretching the lattice-like lining panel, which is the lining member, in the skin plate to form the support, and follow the tunnel excavator to move the support to the tunnel wall side. After being moved, a support or a grid-like lining panel in a portion of the tunnel wall where there is no risk of rock collapse is removed.

[0005] That is, according to a method of forming a shoring according to claim 1 of the present invention, a tunnel excavator provided with a skin plate that supports at least an upper peripheral portion of a tunnel wall surface according to excavation of the tunnel excavator in the skin plate. A step of sequentially assembling the ring-like supporting members, and stretching a plurality of lattice-like lining panels between at least an upper peripheral portion between the assembled ring-like supporting members before and after the assembly. A step of detachably connecting the front and rear ends to the front and rear ring-shaped support members to form a support, and a ring-shaped structure which is extruded by a tunnel excavator from the rear end of the skin plate to the tunnel wall side. The process of judging the properties of the rock on the tunnel wall through the lattice-like lining panels between the shoring members, and removing the shoring on the tunnel wall that is judged to be not at risk of collapse It is characterized in comprising a degree.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of removing only a grid-like lining panel covering a wall surface of a tunnel which has been determined to have no danger of collapse without removing a ring-shaped support member. It is characterized by the following.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of bringing a ring-shaped support member into close contact with a tunnel wall surface, wherein a part of the ring-shaped support member assembled in a skin plate of a tunnel excavator is released. When the ring-shaped support member is taken out of the skin plate to the tunnel wall side, the diameter is expanded by a jack to make it closely adhere to the tunnel wall surface, and a closing member is interposed and connected between the free ends separated by the diameter expansion. It is characterized by.

[0008]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, ring-shaped support members are sequentially assembled in a skin plate of a tunnel excavator, and a plurality of lattice-shaped linings are provided between adjacent front and rear ring-shaped support members. Since the shoring is formed by stretching the panels, it is possible to safely and efficiently assemble the ring-shaped shoring members without being affected by the falling or falling of the rock on the tunnel wall. The work of stretching the lining member of the lattice-like lining panel can be performed.

Further, while the support is formed in the skin plate, the lattice-shaped lining between the ring-shaped support members protruded from the rear end side of the skin plate to the tunnel wall side by the excavation of the tunnel excavator. Since the properties of the rock on the tunnel wall are judged through the panel, the tunnel wall is already supported by the support with the grid-like lining panel stretched, so that the rock quality can be safely inspected.
After that, since the shoring of the tunnel wall that was judged not to be in danger of collapse was to be removed, the removal work could be performed safely and efficiently, and the removed shoring was excavated by a tunnel excavator. It can be reused on the tunnel wall side to be formed, and it is possible to form a shoring supporting only the tunnel wall surface where there is a risk of rock collapse, with good workability.

Further, the invention according to claim 2 removes only the grid-like lining panel that covers the tunnel wall portion which is determined not to be in danger of collapse. A support can be formed in which only the portion corresponding to the partial rock loosening in the direction is covered by the lattice-like lining panel, and the removed lattice-like lining panel can be assembled in the skin plate of the tunnel excavator. Can be reused as part of the work.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, a part of the ring-shaped support member to be assembled in the skin plate of the tunnel excavator is released, and the ring-shaped support member is removed from the skin wall of the tunnel wall. Since the diameter is expanded by the jack when it is brought out to the side, even if the ring-shaped support member is assembled to a small diameter in the skin plate, the diameter of the ring-shaped support member is expanded and easily and securely on the tunnel wall surface. It can be closely attached to the tunnel wall, and after it is in close contact with the tunnel wall, the closing member intervenes and is connected between the free ends. The support member can be easily and accurately formed.

[0012]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tunnel excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
The tunnel wall 2 excavated by the ring-shaped support members 3, 3,... 3, and the adjacent ring-shaped support members 3,
3 shows a state in which the supporting structure A is supported by a supporting structure A including a lattice-like lining panel 4 erected and connected between the ring-shaped supporting members 3, and the ring-shaped supporting members 3 are sequentially assembled in the tunnel excavator 1. Thereafter, the tunnel excavator 1 moves relative to the tunnel excavator 1 in accordance with the excavation of the tunnel excavator 1 and is expanded by the diameter expanding device 5 so that the tunnel wall 2 has a larger diameter.
Are successively pressed.

The lattice-like lining panel 4 is provided between adjacent ring-shaped support members 3, 3 at a certain interval in front and rear.
As shown in FIG. 2, together with the erection and connection of the tunnel wall 2, they are connected by connecting members 6 arranged at desired intervals in the circumferential direction. Is to be formed.

The tunnel excavator 1 includes a tunnel wall 2
An excavator main body 11 formed to have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the excavator and rotatably supporting a cutter plate 12 for excavating a tunnel at the front, and a tunnel length integral with the main body 11 and extending from the center of the rear surface of the main body 11. A beam 13 extending in a horizontal direction in the vertical direction, and a skin plate supported on the upper surface of the front end portion of the beam 13 via a link and a jack 14 to suppress the upper peripheral portion of the tunnel wall 2. A front support 16 projecting downward from the lower surface of the main body 11 and extending and contracting by a jack 16a; and a rear support 17 projecting downward from the lower surface of the rear end of the beam 13 and extending vertically by a jack 17a. When,
The rear gripper 18 slidably mounted along the lower surface of the beam body 13 and a propulsion jack 19 connecting the main body 11 and the rear gripper 18. It is slidably arranged.

The skin plate 15 is formed in an arc shape in cross section along the circumferentially curved surface of the upper peripheral surface of the tunnel wall 2, and has a length shorter than that of the beam body 13. The skin plate 15 is formed to have a peripheral length that supports at least the upper peripheral portion of the tunnel wall surface. The rear grippers 18 are provided on the rear side of the beam body 13 projecting rearward from the skin plate 15, and are provided on both lower surfaces of a beam receiver 20 slidable relative to the beam body 13 as is well known. And is connected to the beam receiver 20 so as to be vertically movable by a jack (not shown). The rear jacks 19 are connected between the rear grippers 18 and both sides of the rear surface of the main body 11 by the propulsion jacks 19, 19, respectively. Further, the ring-shaped support member expanding device 5 expands the ring-shaped support member 3 on the upper surface and both side surfaces of the sliding frame 5a slidably fitted on the beam body 13 in front of the rear gripper 18. The diameter jack 5b is radially attached.

As described above, the ring-shaped support member expanding device 5
A method of forming a support on a tunnel wall 2 excavated while excavating a tunnel by a tunnel excavator 1 having the following will be specifically described. First, in the space below the skin plate 15 of the tunnel excavator 1, the ring-shaped support member 3 having a smaller diameter than the skin plate 15 is assembled around the beam body 13 and around the beam body 13. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the ring-shaped support member 3 is a support member 3a made of an I-shaped steel or an H-shaped steel having a predetermined length curved in an arc shape along the curved surface in the circumferential direction of the tunnel wall surface 2. Are joined to the opposite end faces thereof by joining pieces 3b, 3b to each other with bolts and nuts 3c.
By assembling into a ring shape, a part of the material is assembled into a shape in which it is released, and a supporting material 3a 'having a predetermined length is interposed between the free ends 3d and 3d without being connected. I have.

The ring-shaped support member 3 is provided with a predetermined distance in front of the ring-shaped support member 3 already assembled and disposed in the rear end of the skin plate 15. A plurality of lattice-like lining panels 4 having a fixed width and length formed by vertically and horizontally combining wire mesh or expanded metal or steel bars between the front and rear ring-shaped support members 3, 3 The support members 3, 3 are circumferentially joined or overlapped with each other in the circumferential direction between the upper peripheral portions thereof, and both ends of the lattice-like lining panels 4 in the tunnel length direction are ring-shaped. It is fixed to the opposing surfaces of the members 3,3. In addition, the ring-shaped support member 4 may be stretched over the entire circumference between the ring-shaped support members 3, 3, but suppresses skin fall or collapse of the ground from the excavated tunnel wall surface 2. To this end, it is necessary to extend a plurality of lattice-like lining panels 4 at least between the upper peripheral portions of the ring-shaped support members 3 as described above.

As shown in FIG. 5, the end of the lattice-shaped lining panel 4 is fixed to the ring-shaped support member 3 by applying the end of the lining member 4 to the inner surface of the upper flange portion of the support material 3a. Then, the clamping member 7 may be removably fixed by fitting the pressing member 7 between the end portion of the lattice-like lining panel 4 and the upper surface of the lower flange portion of the support material 3a. As shown, the end of the grid-like lining panel 4 may be applied to the inner surface of the upper flange portion of the support material 3a, and the bolt 7a may be screwed into the upper flange portion so as to be detachably fixed.
In any fixing means, a positioning projection 4a is projected from the upper surface of the end of the grid-like lining panel 4, and the positioning projection 4a is brought into contact with the end surface of the upper flange portion of the support material 3a. Thereby, it is possible to accurately bridge between the front and rear ring-shaped support members 3.

Further, the connecting member 6 holds the front and rear ring-shaped support members 3, 3 at a constant interval. The connecting member 6 is made of a rod-like material such as a reinforcing bar, and has a lengthwise direction. By bending both ends, the bent portions 6a, 6a are used as support materials 3a.
Is fixed in the hole of the mounting member 8 fixed to the hole.

In these front and rear ring-shaped support members 3, the rear ring-shaped support member 3 disposed in the rear end of the skin plate 15 is used for expanding the upper and both sides of the diameter expanding device 5. The inner peripheral surface is pressed by the extension of the jack 5b, so that the diameter of the jack 5b is made larger than that of the front ring-shaped support member 3 so as to be close to the inner peripheral surface of the skin plate 15.

In this state, when the tunnel excavator 1 is excavated to excavate the tunnel, the front and rear ring-shaped support members 3 forming the support A have their lower peripheral portions formed on the lower peripheral surface of the tunnel wall surface 2. And is connected to the existing ring-shaped support member 3 side already constructed in the tunnel wall surface 2 via the connecting member 6, so that the tunnel excavator 1 excavates First, it is fixed without falling down at that position, and relatively moves toward the tunnel wall surface 2 as the tunnel excavator 1 excavates.

At this time, three diameter expanding jacks 5b are pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the rear ring-shaped support member 3 located inside the rear end of the skin plate 15 of the tunnel excavator 1. Since the diameter expanding device 5 has its sliding frame 5a slidably mounted on the beam 13 of the tunnel excavator 1, the tunnel excavator 1 excavates the tunnel wall 2 from within the rear end of the skin plate 15. It moves relative to the rear side integrally with the rear ring-shaped support member 3.

When this rear ring-shaped support member 3 is taken out of the tunnel wall 2 by the excavation of the tunnel excavator 1, the diameter of each jack 5b of the diameter expanding device 5 is further expanded gradually. The outer peripheral surface is brought into close contact with the tunnel wall surface 2. On the other hand, the front ring-shaped support member 3
Is relatively moved into the rear end of the skin plate 15 of the tunnel excavator 1. The grid-like lining panel 4 stretched between the front and rear ring-shaped support members 3 is a wire mesh or expanded metal that can be expanded and deformed by a tensile force.
Alternatively, since the steel rod is formed from a combination of vertical and horizontal steel bars, it can be adapted to the diameter expansion of the ring-shaped support member 3.

When the diameter of the ring-shaped support member 3 on the rear side, which is in close contact with the tunnel wall 2, is expanded by the diameter expanding device 5, the free ends 3d, 3d are connected between the free ends 3d, 3d. As shown in FIG. 4, the supporting member 3 a ′ is circumferentially separated from both end faces of the supporting member 3 a, and the closing member is formed of the same material as the supporting member 3 a in an arc shape as shown in FIG. 4. 9 with the joint pieces 3b fixed to both ends of the closing member 9 joined to the joint pieces 3b fixed to the end faces of the opposing support members 3a and 3a ', and fixed with bolts and nuts 3c.
The expanded ring-shaped support member 3 which is connected and supports the tunnel wall 2 over the entire circumference is formed.

After forming the expanded ring-shaped support member 3,
Diameter expanding device 5 into front ring-shaped support member 3 located in the rear end of skin plate 15 of tunnel excavator 1
Is advanced along the beam body 13, the jack 5 b of the diameter expanding device 5 is extended, and the ring-shaped support member 3 is expanded to a state close to the inner peripheral surface of the skin plate 15 in the same manner as described above. .

On the other hand, the ring-shaped support member 3 is moved into the rear end portion of the skin plate 15 by the excavation of the tunnel excavator 1, and the next ring-shaped support member is placed in a space in the skin plate 15. 3 is assembled in the same manner as described above, and this ring-shaped support member 3 is attached to the front ring-shaped support member 3, and the ring-shaped support member 3 located in the rear end of the skin plate 15 is attached to the rear ring-shaped support member. Stretching of a plurality of lattice-like lining panels 4 and connection of the linking members 6 between the ring-shaped support members 3 and 3 as the work member 3 are performed in the same manner as described above to form a support.

Then, the ring-shaped support member 3 in the rear end portion of the skin plate 15 is brought out to the tunnel wall surface 2 side again according to the excavation of the tunnel excavator 1 and is expanded by the diameter expanding device 5 so as to be formed on the tunnel wall surface 2. A step of bringing into contact,
A step of expanding the diameter of the ring-shaped support member 3 that has reached the rear end of the skin plate 15 by the diameter-expanding device 5, and assembling the ring-shaped support member 3 in the skin plate 15 to form the ring-shaped support member 3. A step of connecting a plurality of lattice-like lining panels 4 and several connecting members 6 between the ring-shaped support members 3 in the rear end of the skin plate 15 to form a support. It is.

In the excavation by the tunnel excavator 1, after the rear gripper 18 is pressed against both side surfaces of the tunnel wall 2, the rear support 17 is contracted and separated from the bottom of the tunnel wall 2, and then the propulsion jack 19 is extended. Then, the main body 11 is moved forward by supporting the reaction force on the tunnel wall 2 via the rear gripper 18. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the ring-shaped support member 3 supporting the tunnel wall surface 2 is firmly fixed by driving a lock bolt 21 into the tunnel wall surface 2 from a lower peripheral portion thereof.

Thus, the support A assembled in the skin plate and put out on the tunnel wall 2 side according to the excavation of the tunnel excavator 1 is a support portion or a support portion corresponding to the tunnel wall 2 where there is no possibility of rock collapse. The structure is such that the lattice-like lining panel 4 is removed, and a support portion that supports only the portion of the tunnel wall surface 2 where the rock may collapse may be left.

A concrete method of removing the support portion or the grid-like lining panel 4 corresponding to the tunnel wall 2 where there is no risk of rock collapse will be described. First, the support A is removed from the tunnel. The properties of the bedrock on the tunnel wall 2 are determined through the lattice space of the lattice-like lining panel 4. As the determination means, there is a method of visually checking, a method of hitting the tunnel wall 2 with a hard rod, or a method of using a probe.

Whether or not the rocks on the tunnel wall 2 are loosened by the above-described determination means over the entire surface of the tunnel wall 2 covered by the lattice-like lining panel 4, that is, there is a possibility that the skin may fall or fall. After judging whether or not there is, if there is a part of the bedrock where there is no looseness in the tunnel wall 2 between the front and rear adjacent ring-shaped support members 3, 3 and there is no danger of collapse, As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, only the lattice-like lining panel 4 corresponding to the portion a is removed from between the ring-like support members 3 and 3 and removed, and the lattice-like lining panel 4 left without being removed is removed. The rock part which is likely to collapse is supported.

If the tunnel wall 2 between the front and rear adjacent ring-shaped support members 3 and 3 is not completely loosened, the support portion, that is, the front and rear ring-shaped support members 3 3. Disassemble and remove all the grid-like lining panels 4 stretched between the three and the front and rear ring-shaped support members 3, 3, and remove only the tunnel wall surface which is loosened and may collapse. The support A is supported by the lattice-like lining panel 4 of the other support portion.

The removal operation of the grid-like lining panel 4 is performed by removing the clamping member 7 or the bolt 7a fixing the end of the grid-like lining panel 4 from the ring-like supporting member 3. To remove the ring-shaped support member 3, the lock bolt 21 is pulled out, and the support members 3a and the support member 3a are removed.
This is performed by removing and disassembling the bolts and nuts 3c connecting the and the closing member 9. The removed lattice-like lining panel material 4, support material 3 a, closing member 9, etc. are used again as the support A newly assembled in the skin plate 15 of the tunnel excavator 1.

In the above embodiment, the beam expanding device 5 of the ring-shaped support member 3 is used as the beam body of the tunnel excavator 1.
A sliding frame 5a is provided on the sliding frame 13 and jacks 5b for expanding the diameter are mounted on the upper surface and both side surfaces of the sliding frame 5a, and the inner peripheral surface of the ring-shaped support member 3 is pressed by these jacks 5b. In addition to such a diameter expanding device 5, as shown in FIG. 11, a diameter expanding jack 5A is connected between the inner surfaces of the free ends 3d, 3d of the ring-shaped support member 3 as shown in FIG. , This jack for diameter expansion
The diameter may be increased by separating the free ends 3d by extension of 5A.

The free end 3 of the ring-shaped support member 3
Although the opposing surfaces of d and 3d are closely contacted directly or via another supporting material 3a ', the free ends 3d and 3d may be assembled in a state where they are separated from each other. As shown, the free ends 3d, 3d may be assembled so as to overlap inside and outside. When assembled in this manner, the ring-shaped support member 3
When the diameter of the ring-shaped support member 3 is increased by increasing the circumferential length of the ring-shaped support member 3, the ring-shaped support member 3 can be brought into close contact with the tunnel wall surface 2 without using the closing member 9. As shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of auxiliary propulsion jacks 22 are provided on the tunnel excavator 1, and the propulsion auxiliary jacks 22 are received on the ring-shaped support member 3, which is in close contact with and fixed to the tunnel wall 2. The tunnel excavator 1 may be configured to stop and excavate.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a simplified longitudinal side view of a state where a shoring is formed using a tunnel excavator equipped with a diameter expanding device,

FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional side view showing a support assembly state at a rear portion of a skin plate of the tunnel excavator;

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional front view of the inside of a skin plate in which a ring-shaped support member is assembled.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing a state in which a ring-shaped support member is brought into close contact with a tunnel wall surface by a diameter expanding device;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional side view showing a structure in which an end portion of a lattice-like lining panel is fixed to a support material;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged vertical sectional side view showing another fixing structure;

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing a state in which a ring-shaped support member is fixed to a tunnel wall surface with a lock bolt.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the bottom side,

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an upper peripheral side of the shoring, showing a state in which a grid-like lining panel on a tunnel wall portion where collapse is not likely to occur is removed.

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal front view thereof,

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing a state where the free ends of the ring-shaped support member are connected by another diameter expanding means;

FIG. 12 is a front view showing a modification of the ring-shaped support member.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel excavator 2 Tunnel wall 3 Ring support material 3a Support material 3d Free end 4 Lattice lining panel 5 Expanding device 9 Closing member 15 Skin plate

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Takayoshi Nakayama 2-2-2 Matsuzakicho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi Inside Okumura Gumi Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Junji Ono 2-2-2 Matsuzakicho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi Okumura Gumi Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A step of sequentially assembling a ring-shaped support member according to the excavation of a tunnel excavator in the skin plate of the tunnel excavator having a skin plate supporting at least an upper peripheral portion of a tunnel wall surface, and before and after the assembly. A plurality of lattice-like lining panels are stretched at least between upper peripheral portions between the ring-like supporting members, and front and rear ends of these lattice-like lining panels can be detachably attached to the front and rear ring-like supporting members. The step of connecting and forming a support, and the tunnel wall through the lattice-like lining panel between the ring-shaped support members that are protruded from the rear end side of the skin plate to the tunnel wall by the excavation of the tunnel excavator. A form of tunnel support, characterized by a step of determining the properties of the rock mass and a step of removing the support of the tunnel wall that has been determined not to be at risk of collapse Method. 2. The method of forming a tunnel support according to claim 1, wherein only the lattice-like lining panel that covers the wall surface of the tunnel, which is determined not to be in danger of collapse, is removed. . 3. The ring-shaped support member in the skin plate of the tunnel excavator has a part thereof released, and when the ring-shaped support member is taken out of the skin plate to the tunnel wall side, the diameter is expanded by a jack. The closing member is interposed and connected between the free ends separated from each other by the diameter thereof while being in close contact with the wall surface of the tunnel.
Or the method of forming a tunnel support according to claim 2.