JPH1029506A - Air conditioner for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress the elongation of a window glass deicing time by diverging calorific value of electric heating element HWS by blowing of a low- temperature air. SOLUTION: An air conditioner for a vehicle is provided with a defroster means which blows a hot air heated by a heater core against a window glass of a vehicle by a blower and an electric heating element HWS which directly heats the window glass, and when the defroster switch is input so that a defroster blowing mode for blowing the hot air against the window glass of the vehicle by a step 125 and if a joint operation of the defroster means and the electric heating element HWS are set (steps 130, 134), the blower is operated at a first set air capacity. On the other hand, when the defroster blowing mode is set and the individual operation of the electric heating element HWS is set (a step 136), the blower is operated at a second set air capacity which is smaller than the first set air capacity.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a means for deicing and defogging a vehicle window glass. The present invention relates to an air conditioner for a vehicle that uses a defroster means for blowing air.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When starting a vehicle in a cold region,
When the outside air temperature is, for example, 0 ° C. or lower, the front window glass of the vehicle may be frozen. As means for eliminating the freezing of the window glass, blowing hot air heated by a hot water heater core from a defroster outlet toward a front window glass has been often used.

However, the hot water of the hot water heater core is usually
Since the water is supplied from the vehicle engine, it takes time to raise the water temperature, and it takes time to eliminate the freezing of the window glass. Therefore, there is a problem that the vehicle cannot start traveling safely in a short time. Therefore, in recent years, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a heating means (H
WS: H eated W ind S ield ) and disposed, by heating the window glass directly, there is a growing desire to strive to shorten the de-icing time.

[0004] In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-147428, in a heat pump type air conditioner of an electric vehicle, a direct heating of a window glass by the electric heating means and a hot air window heated by a heat exchanger of a heat pump cycle are performed. It has been proposed to perform deicing and defogging of window glass by using in combination with spraying.

[0005]

By the way, the present inventors have considered direct heating of a window glass by the electric heating means and blowing of hot air heated by a heat exchanger of a heat pump cycle onto the window glass. About air conditioner to use together,
After actually making a prototype and conducting an experimental study, it was found that the following problems occurred.

That is, in this type of air conditioner, when one defroster switch is turned on in order to simplify the manual operation of the occupant, energization of the electric heating means, heating operation of the heat pump cycle, and hot air blowing are performed. The operation of the blower is started at the same time. However, when the operation of the heat pump cycle is automatically stopped due to the protection of the compressor, a decrease in the outside air temperature, etc., the electric heating means operates alone. During this single operation, the blast air is not heated by the heat exchanger of the heat pump cycle, so that a low-temperature blast air is directly blown onto the window glass.

As a result, the amount of heat generated by the electric heating means is diverged by the blowing of the low-temperature air, and the amount of heat generated by the electric heating means cannot be effectively used for heating the window glass. This causes a problem. This prolonged deicing time not only delays the safe start of running of the vehicle, but also wastes valuable electric capacity of the onboard battery in an electric vehicle.

However, the above publication describes only the deicing and defrosting of the window glass by the combined use of direct heating of the window glass and blowing of hot air onto the window glass. There is no recognition of the problem that the blowing of low-temperature air prolongs the deglazing time of the window glass when the means is operated alone. Therefore, no measures have been proposed for solving the problem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to suppress the amount of heat generated by the electric heating means from diverging due to blowing of low-temperature air, thereby preventing the window glass deicing time from becoming longer.

[0010]

The present invention employs the following technical means to achieve the above object. That is,
According to the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, the air heating means (51, 3
The defroster means (5) for deicing and defogging the window glass (23) by blowing the hot air heated in 6a) onto the window glass (23) of the vehicle by the air blowing means (4).
1, 36a, 4) and disposed on the window glass (23) of the vehicle, and directly heats the window glass (23) to form the window glass (23).
An electric heating means (24) for deicing and defogging the vehicle, and a defroster operating means manually set by an occupant to set an air conditioning blowing mode to a defroster blowing mode for blowing the warm air onto a window glass (23) of the vehicle. (309), when the combined operation of the defroster means and the electric heating means is set at the time of setting the defroster blowing mode, the air blowing means is operated at a first set air volume, and the defroster blowing mode is set. At the time of setting, when the air heating means is stopped and the single operation of the electric heating means is set, the air blowing means is operated at a second set airflow smaller than the first set airflow. And

The present invention focuses on the point that the blowing of low-temperature air leads to a longer window glass deicing time, as opposed to the deicing and defrosting action of the window glass due to the heat generated by the electric heating means. Since the amount of air blown out to the window glass when the electric heating means is operated alone is smaller than when the electric heating means for glass and the defroster means for blowing hot air to the window glass are used together, the electric heat generation is reduced. During independent operation of the means, the amount of heat generated by the electric heating means can be effectively prevented from diverging due to the blowing of low-temperature air, and the amount of heat generated by the electric heating means can be effectively utilized for heating the window glass. Ice time can be reduced. As a result, in a cold season, traveling can be started safely in a short time after the vehicle is started.

In addition, it is possible to solve the problem that the occupant in the passenger compartment is uncomfortable by blowing out low-temperature air when the electric heating means is operated alone. In particular, in the invention according to claim 4, as the heat source of the air heating means (51, 36a), both a heat pump (30) and a combustion type heater (52) are provided, and furthermore, an external device for detecting a physical quantity related to the outside air temperature. An air temperature detecting means (112);
When the outside air temperature detected by the above is higher than the first set temperature, the first intermittent means (127, 130, 134, 136)
To operate the heat pump (30) and the second intermittent means (128, 130, 133, 134, 13).
6) cuts off the power supply to the electric heating means (24), and controls the air blowing control means (124, 127, 130, 134,
137), the air blowing means (4) is operated at the first set air volume, and when the outside air temperature is between the first set temperature and the second set temperature lower than the first set temperature, the first intermittent means is used. When the heat pump is operated, the electric power is supplied to the electric heating means by the second intermittent means, and the air blowing means is operated at the first set air volume by the air blowing control means, so that the outside air temperature becomes the second air flow rate.
When the temperature is lower than the set temperature, the first intermittent means activates the combustion type heater, the second intermittent means energizes the electric heating means, and the air blowing means operates the air blowing means at the first set air volume, The heat pump and the combustion type heater are both stopped by the first intermittent means, and the second
When the electric heating means is energized by the intermittent means, the air blowing means is operated by the air blowing means at the second set air volume.

As a result, a heat pump, a combustion type heater and an electric heating means can be selected as heat sources for the de-icing and de-fogging functions of the window glass in accordance with the outside air temperature. The harmful effects can be avoided, and the electric heating means can be operated only when the temperature is low, so that the power consumption of the electric heating means can be suppressed, and the characteristics of each heat source can be exhibited effectively.

The reference numerals in parentheses of the above-mentioned means indicate the correspondence with the concrete means described in the embodiments described later.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. (First Embodiment) FIG. 1 shows an outline of the overall configuration of an air conditioner for an electric vehicle according to a first embodiment, and shows an indoor unit, a refrigeration cycle, and a hot water circuit.

In FIG. 1, an indoor unit 1 has a duct 2 forming an air passage for sending air toward a vehicle interior.
The duct 2 is disposed below the instrument panel at the front of the vehicle cabin. At one end of the duct 2, a blower 4 having an inside / outside air switching box 3 is installed. The inside / outside air switching box 3 communicates with the vehicle interior to introduce the air (inside air) in the vehicle interior to the inside air introduction port 5.
And an outside air inlet 6 that communicates with the outside of the vehicle compartment to introduce air (outside air) outside the vehicle compartment. And the inside / outside air switching box 3
Has an inside / outside air switching damper 7, and the inside / outside air switching damper 7 can switch air guided into the duct 2 between inside air and outside air.

The blower 4 includes a fan case 8, a centrifugal fan 9, and a motor 10. When the motor 10 is energized, the fan 9 rotates and sends inside air or outside air to the room through the duct 2. At the other end of the duct 2, there is formed an outlet that blows out the air that has passed through the duct 2 toward each part in the vehicle compartment. This outlet is from the center of the front of the room,
A center face outlet 13 that mainly blows cold air toward the upper body of the occupant, a side face outlet 14 that mainly blows cool air toward the upper body of the occupant or the side glass from both sides of the front of the room, and toward the feet of the occupant. The foot outlet 15 mainly blows out hot air, and the defroster outlet 16 mainly blows out hot air toward the window glass 23.

In the duct 2, a center face damper 17, a foot damper 18, and a defroster damper 19 for controlling an air flow to each of the air outlets are provided in air passages leading to other air outlets except the side face air outlet 14. Is provided. The center face air outlet 13 and the side face air outlet 14 are provided with an occupant opening / closing damper 20 for manually adjusting the air blowing amount according to the occupant's preference.

An electric heating element made of a transparent conductive thin film which generates heat when energized is provided on the inner surface of the front window glass 23 (surface on the vehicle interior side) or the surface between the two glasses constituting the laminated glass. 24 is formed over almost the entire surface of the window glass 23. The electric heating element 24 is provided with electrodes 25 on both sides of the window glass 23, and the window glass 23 is directly heated by energizing the electric heating element 24 through the electrodes 25. Hereinafter, the electric heating element 24 of the window glass is abbreviated as HWS.

The heat pump cycle 30 includes a refrigerant compressor 31, a refrigerant / water heat exchanger 32, a first pressure reducer 33, an outdoor heat exchanger 34, a second pressure reducer 35, an indoor heat exchanger 36, an accumulator 37, and a refrigerant described later. Route switching means (solenoid valve 4
0 to 42), and a refrigerant pipe or the like connecting these so as to form a closed circuit. The refrigeration cycle changes the flow direction of the refrigerant based on the air conditioning mode.

The air conditioning mode of this embodiment is as follows.
A cooling mode for performing a cooling operation, a heating mode for performing a heating operation, a dehumidification mode for performing a dehumidification operation, and a dehumidification mode for performing a defrost operation when frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger 34 is detected by a defrost sensor described later during the heating operation. A frost mode and the like are set. The refrigerant compressor 31 is an electric refrigerant compressor,
A compression section (compressor) for compressing the gas refrigerant sucked into the suction port and discharging a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant from the discharge port; and an electric motor (not shown) as a drive section for driving the compression section. Are integrated into one closed case. This refrigerant compressor 31 is provided with an air conditioning ECU.
(Electronic control device) An air conditioner inverter 38 for controlling the rotation speed of the refrigerant compressor 31 based on an output signal of the electronic control unit 100 is provided.

The inverter 38 continually or stepwise variably controls the electric power applied to the electric motor of the refrigerant compressor 31 from the on-board power supply 200 (see FIG. 2). Is to change the rotation speed. Thereby, the refrigerant compressor 31 adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant circulating in the heat pump cycle 30 by changing the refrigerant discharge capacity, whereby the refrigerant water heat exchanger 3
2 and the cooling capacity of the indoor heat exchanger 36 are controlled.

The refrigerant / water heat exchanger 32 has a double pipe structure made of a metal pipe having excellent thermal conductivity such as an aluminum alloy, and has a hot water passage 32a on the inner peripheral side and a refrigerant passage 32 on the outer peripheral side.
b is formed. The coolant / water heat exchanger 32 is provided outside the vehicle compartment, and heat-exchanges hot water of low temperature flowing in the hot water passage 32a with gas refrigerant of high temperature and high pressure flowing in the coolant passage 32b to heat the hot water. As well as a refrigerant condenser for condensing and liquefying the gas refrigerant.

The first decompressor 33 comprises a capillary tube for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant flowing from the refrigerant water heat exchanger 32 in the heating mode and the defrosting heating mode. The outdoor heat exchanger 34 is installed outside the vehicle compartment (for example, in a place where traveling wind is likely to be received), and exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing inside and the outside air blown by the electric fan 39. The outdoor heat exchanger 34
In the heating mode and the dehumidification mode, the refrigerant works as a refrigerant evaporator for evaporating the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant depressurized by the first decompressor 33 by heat exchange with the outside air. In the cooling mode, the refrigerant water heat exchanger 32 The high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing through the solenoid valve 42 functions as a refrigerant condenser for condensing and liquefying the refrigerant by heat exchange with the outside air.

The second decompressor 35 is a depressurizing means for cooling, and comprises a capillary tube for depressurizing the refrigerant flowing from the outdoor heat exchanger 34 in the cooling mode. The first
As the pressure reducer 33 and the second pressure reducer 35, a pressure reducing means such as a temperature-type automatic expansion valve, an electric expansion valve, or an orifice may be used in addition to the capillary tube. Indoor heat exchanger 36
Is installed in the duct 2, and the low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant depressurized by the second decompressor 35 and the first decompressor 33 in the cooling mode and the dehumidifying mode is exchanged with the air in the duct 2 by heat exchange. It works as a refrigerant evaporator for evaporating. Thereby, the blown air in the duct 2 is absorbed by the refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 36 to be cooled and dehumidified.

The accumulator 37 functions as a gas-liquid separator for storing the liquid refrigerant by gas-liquid separation of the refrigerant flowing into the liquid refrigerant and the gas refrigerant, and supplying only the gas refrigerant to the refrigerant compressor 31. In addition, as a gas-liquid separator, a receiver (liquid receiver) arranged between the refrigerant water heat exchanger 32 and the first decompressor 33 or between the outdoor heat exchanger 34 and the second decompressor 35. May be used in place of the accumulator 37.

The refrigerant path switching means changes the flow direction of the refrigerant circulating in the heat pump cycle 30 into a cooling operation path (FIG. 2).
, The heating operation path (the path indicated by the arrow H in FIG. 2), the defrosting operation path (the path indicated by the arrow C in FIG. 2), and the like. It comprises first to third solenoid valves 40 to 42 that open and close when the energization is stopped (turned off).

The first solenoid valve 40 converts the high-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 32 in the heating mode and the dehumidification mode into a first decompressor 33 → an outdoor heat exchanger 34 → the first solenoid valve 40.
→ Heating refrigerant channel 43 flowing in the order of accumulator 37
This is an on-off valve that opens and closes the valve. The second electromagnetic valve 41 is a dehumidifying refrigerant flow path that allows the refrigerant flowing out of the refrigerant water heat exchanger 32 in the dehumidification mode to flow in the order of the first decompressor 33 → the second electromagnetic valve 41 → the indoor heat exchanger 36 → the accumulator 37 ( Bypass path)
An on-off valve that opens and closes 44. The third solenoid valve 42 is a cooling refrigerant flow path (bypass path) 45 that connects the downstream side of the refrigerant water heat exchanger 32 and the upstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger 34 in bypass mode, bypassing the first decompressor 33. This is an on-off valve that opens and closes the valve.

The hot water circuit 50 is provided with the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 3
2. It is composed of a hot water heater core 51, a combustion heater 52, a hot water pump 53, and a hot water pipe connecting these so as to form a closed circuit. Hot water heater core 51
Is an indoor air heater that is installed downstream (downwind) of the indoor heat exchanger 36 in the duct 2 and heats air passing therethrough by heat exchange with hot water flowing inside. Two air doors 5 that regulate the flow of air passing through the hot water heater core 51 and the flow of bypass air are provided at the air inlet and outlet of the hot water heater core 51.
4, 55 are rotatably supported. These air doors 54 and 55 are driven by an actuator (not shown) such as a stepping motor or a servomotor.

The combustion heater 52 mixes liquid fuel pumped by a fuel pump (not shown) with combustion air and burns it, and heats hot water by heat exchange with combustion exhaust gas generated during the combustion. The combustion exhaust gas that has completed heat exchange with hot water is discharged to the atmosphere. However, this combustion type heater 52
Indicates when the outside air temperature is low (for example, at a low temperature of 4.4 ° C. or less)
Used only for The combustion heater 52 can be used by changing the amount of combustion (heat generation) in a stepless manner by adjusting the amount of fuel supplied and the amount of combustion air.

The hot water pump 53 is an electric water pump (hot water pumping means), and generates a circulating flow of hot water in the hot water circuit 5 by being activated by being energized. The hot water circuit 50 may be provided with a radiator or other radiator, an exhaust recovery device for recovering exhaust heat from the electric appliance, an auxiliary heating device such as an electric heater, or an auxiliary device such as a flow path switching valve.

FIG. 2 shows an ECU 10 of an air conditioner for an electric vehicle.
FIG. 2 is a control system diagram including a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as a CPU) 101, a ROM 102,
It has a RAM 103, an A / D converter 104, interfaces 105 and 106, and the like. The ECU 100 operates by being supplied with electric power from the vehicle-mounted power supply 200 via the junction box J. The junction box J is also connected to a traveling inverter I that controls the rotation speed of the traveling motor M.

The ECU 100 includes an internal temperature sensor 111, an external temperature sensor 112, a solar radiation sensor 113, a refrigerant pressure sensor 114, an evaporator temperature sensor 115, a water temperature sensor 116,
The inverter 38, each air conditioner, and the HWS 24 are controlled based on input signals input from the defrost sensor 117, the water temperature sensor 118, and the operation panel 300, and a control program input in advance.

That is, the ECU 100 determines the inside / outside air switching door 7 and the mode switching doors 17 to 17 on the basis of the detection signals of the sensors, input signals such as operation values (operation signals) of the operation panel 300, and control programs input in advance. 1
9, fan motor 10 of blower 4, inverter 38 for controlling rotation of refrigerant compressor 31, outdoor electric fan 39, first to first
The operation states of the third solenoid valves 40 to 42, the combustion heater 52, the hot water pump 53, the air mix doors 54 and 55, the HWS 24, and the like are controlled.

The inside air temperature sensor 111 is a means for detecting the inside temperature (inside air temperature) of the vehicle cabin, which comprises a temperature sensing element such as a thermistor. The outside temperature sensor 112
For example, it is an outside air temperature detecting means which is formed of a temperature sensing element such as a thermistor and detects the temperature outside the vehicle compartment (outside air temperature). The solar radiation sensor 113 is a solar radiation amount detecting unit that detects the amount of solar radiation into the vehicle interior. The refrigerant pressure sensor 114 is connected to the refrigerant compressor 31
This is a refrigerant pressure detecting means for detecting a cycle high pressure (condensing pressure) which is a discharge pressure of the refrigerant. Evaporator temperature sensor 115
Is a temperature detecting means which comprises a temperature sensing element such as a thermistor and detects the air temperature immediately after blowing out the indoor heat exchanger 36.

The water temperature sensor 116 comprises a temperature sensing element such as a thermistor. The water temperature sensor 116 is provided at the hot water inlet of the hot water heater core 51 and is a hot water temperature detecting means for detecting the inlet water temperature (hot water temperature) of the hot water heater 51. . Defrost sensor 1
Reference numeral 17 denotes a refrigerant temperature detecting means which is formed of a temperature sensing element such as a thermistor and detects the refrigerant temperature at the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 34 in the heating mode and the dehumidifying mode.

The water temperature sensor 118 is, for example, a temperature sensing element such as a thermistor, and is provided at a hot water outlet of the combustion type heater 52 and is a hot water temperature detecting means for detecting an outlet water temperature of the combustion type heater 52. Next, the operation panel 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 3. The operation panel 300 of the present example is provided with a single auto switch 301 for switching operation modes of cooling, heating, and ventilation, switching of a blowing mode, switching of air volume, switching of inside and outside air, and the like. It is configured as a panel for an auto air conditioner that automatically performs when it is turned on. Reference numeral 302 denotes an off switch for stopping the operation of the air conditioner.

Reference numerals 303 and 304 denote switches for setting the target temperature of the room temperature (temperature setting means). The switch 303 is a switch for raising the target temperature, and the switch 304 is a switch for lowering the target temperature. And both switches 30
The target temperature set by the user 3 and 304 is displayed on the temperature display unit 30.
5 is digitally displayed. An outlet mode setting switch 306 controls the outlet mode doors 17 to 19 to manually set an outlet mode other than the defroster mode. Reference numeral 307 denotes an air volume setting switch for controlling the fan motor 10 to manually set the air volume to the vehicle interior. 308 is a combustion heater 52 of the hot water circuit 50
Is a combustion-type heater-off switch for forcibly stopping the operation of the heater by manual operation. Reference numeral 309 denotes an inside / outside air switching switch for controlling the inside / outside air switching door 7 to manually switch the inside / outside air suction into the vehicle interior.

Numeral 310 denotes a differential rotor switch, which controls the blow mode doors 17 to 19 to manually set the differential rotor blow mode (a state in which only the differential rotor outlet is opened) and manually sets the air conditioner to the differential rotor operating state. Things. That is, in the present embodiment, when the defslotter switch 310 is manually operated and turned on, the ECU 100 sets the inside / outside air intake to the outside air mode, sets the blowing mode to the defroster blowing mode, and sets a predetermined air volume. It is programmed to operate the blower 4 and to energize the HWS 24 when the outside air temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined value.

Next, the operation control of the defroster mode by the ECU 100 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. First, it is determined whether the key switch of the electric vehicle is ON (step 120). If “NO”, the determination in step 120 is repeated. If "YES", a counter and a flag used for the arithmetic processing are initialized as initialization (initialization, step 121). Next, defroster switch 3
It is determined whether 10 is ON (step 12).
2). If “NO”, the flow shifts to step 123, and if the auto switch 301 is turned on, the face (FAC)
E) blowing, bilevel (BILELEVEL), foot (F
OOT) is performed.

Here, the blowing mode automatic control is performed as shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), the target outlet air temperature TAO into the vehicle compartment
Perform based on. The target outlet air temperature TAO is calculated by the following equation (1).

[0042]

## EQU1 ## TAO = Kset × Tset−Kr × Tr−Kam ×
Tam−Ks × Ts−C where Tset is the set temperature determined by the temperature setting switches 303 and 304, Tr is the inside air temperature detected by the inside air temperature sensor 111, Tam is the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 112, and Ts Is the amount of solar radiation detected by the solar radiation sensor 113. Kset, Kr, Kam, and Ks are gains, and C is a constant.

Then, in step 124,
As shown in FIG. 5B, the target outlet air temperature TAO
The blower 4 is operated with the automatically set airflow based on the above, and the process returns to the state before the determination in step 122 and is repeated. 5B shows a state in which the heat pump 30 is operated in the cooling mode, and a state of heating means that the heat pump 30 is operated in the heating mode or the combustion type heater 52 is operated to supply the hot water. This is a state in which hot water is circulated through the heater core 51.

On the other hand, when the defroster switch 310 is turned on, the determination in step 122 becomes "YES", and the routine proceeds to step 125, where the blowing mode is set to the defroster (DEF) blowing mode. At the same time, the inside / outside air suction is set to the outside air suction mode. Next, in step 126, it is determined whether or not the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 112 is lower than 0 ° C. When the outside air temperature is higher than 0 ° C., the determination is “NO”, and the routine proceeds to step 127,
The defroster (DEF) control of the heat pump alone is performed.

That is, the heat pump 30 is selected from the heat pump 30 and the combustion type heater 52 as the air heating means for heating the hot air blown from the defroster outlet 16, and the heat pump 30 is operated in the heating mode. Thereby, the hot water heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 32 is circulated to the heater core 51 to heat the air blown in the duct 2 and blow this hot air from the defroster outlet 16 to the window glass 23.

At this time, the air doors 54 and 55 are operated to the positions indicated by the solid lines in FIG.
Let through. At this time, the defroster switch 3
5 is turned on and the defroster blowing mode is set, so that the air volume of the blower 4 is set to a predetermined defroster air volume (a first set air volume, for example, 250 m) separately from the characteristic of FIG. ³ / h).
Then, after step 127, the process returns to before the determination in step 120 and the above processing is repeated.

In the defroster (DEF) control of the heat pump alone in step 127, the warm air heated using the heat pump 30 as a heat source is supplied to the window glass 2 as described above.
3 to defrost the window glass 23 and prevent fogging. Even with the defroster (DEF) control of the heat pump alone, since the outside air temperature is 0 ° C. or higher, it does not take a long time to thaw the window glass 23 and prevent defogging.

On the other hand, when the outside air temperature falls below 0 ° C., the determination in step 126 becomes “YES”, and the flow shifts to step 128 to turn on the HW / S24 (energize).
At the same time, start counting up the timer,
The energizing time of H / W / S24 is measured. Next, the routine proceeds to step 129, where it is determined whether or not the condition is such that the combustion type heater 52 can be operated (ON). Specifically, it is determined whether the outside air temperature is less than 4 ° C., whether the operation is not disabled due to protection control of the combustion type heater 52, whether the combustion type heater off switch 308 is turned on, and the like. It is determined whether or not 52 is in a condition that allows operation (ON).

When the condition that the combustion type heater 52 is not operable (ON) is not satisfied, the determination in step 129 is "NO", and the routine proceeds to step 130 where the heat pump 30 and the H.P.
W. A defroster (DEF) control in combination with S24 is performed. That is, the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 3 of the heat pump 30
The hot water heated in 2 is circulated through the heater core 51 to heat the air blown in the duct 2 and blow this hot air from the defroster outlet 16 to the window glass 23. Again,
The air volume of the blower 4 is the same defroster air volume (the first set air volume, for example, about 250 m ³ / h) in the step 127. At the same time, H. W. The window glass 23 is directly heated by energizing S24.

The heat pump 30 according to step 130
And H. W. In the defroster (DEF) control using S24 in combination, the determination in step 131 is "NO",
While the judgment of No. 32 is “YES” (that is, −
10 ° C. <outside temperature <0 ° C.), is continued, and hot air is blown onto the window glass 23 and H.P. W. In conjunction with the direct heating of the window glass in S24, the window glass 23 is defrosted and defrosted.
(3) Thawing and anti-fog can be performed in a short time.

When the outside air temperature rises to 0 ° C. or higher, the determination in step 132 becomes “NO”, and W. The power supply to S24 is turned off, and the process proceeds to the defroster (DEF) control of the heat pump alone in step 127. On the other hand, if the determination in step 129 is “YES”, the flow proceeds to step 131. If the outside air temperature is lower than −10 ° C., the determination in step 131 is also “YES” and the flow proceeds to step 134. In this step 134, the operation of the heat pump 30 is prohibited. The prohibition of the operation is to prevent the amount of heat absorbed in the outdoor heat exchanger 34 from decreasing at low temperature to prevent the refrigerant liquid from returning to the compressor 31.

At step 134, the combustion type heater 52 and the H.P.H.
W. A defroster (DEF) control in combination with S24 is performed. That is, the combustion type heater 52 is operated, the hot water heated by the combustion type heater 52 is circulated to the heater core 51 to heat the air blown in the duct 2, and this hot air is supplied from the defroster outlet 16 to the window glass 23. Spray on At this time, the air volume of the blower 4 is also determined by the steps 127 and 130.
And the same defroster air volume (first set air volume, for example, 2
50 m ³ / h). At the same time, H. W. S
The window glass 23 is directly heated by energizing 24. Thus, hot air is blown onto the window glass 23 and H.P. W. S
24 together with the direct heating of the window glass by the
Thaw and prevent fogging.

Next, the routine proceeds to step 135, where it is determined whether or not the combustion heater 52 is in the OFF condition.
Specifically, whether the outside air temperature is equal to or higher than 4 ° C., the operation is disabled due to protection control of the combustion heater, or the like,
It is determined whether the second off switch 308 is turned on and the like, and it is determined whether the combustion type heater 52 is in the OFF condition.

When the combustion type heater 52 is not in the OFF condition, the determination is "NO", and the process returns to before the determination in step 131 to repeat the above processing. On the other hand, the combustion type heater 5
When 2 is in the OFF condition, the determination in step 135 is “YES”, and the flow proceeds to step 136. In step 136, the operation of the combustion type heater 52 is stopped (OFF). W. It becomes the single operation of S24. Then, in the next step 137, the air volume of the blower 4 is set to the second set air volume lower than the first set air volume (for example, about 250 m ³ / h). Here, the second set airflow is set to a minute airflow of, for example, less than 90 m ³ / h.
W. In order to effectively exhibit the original function (window glass heating function) of S24, it is desirable to stop the operation of the blower 4 (= air volume 0).

As described above, H. W. By setting the air volume of the blower 4 to the second set air volume lower than the first set air volume at the time of the single operation in S24, the H.264 is set. W. The calorific value of S24 does not diverge due to the blowing of the low-temperature air onto the window glass 23 due to the operation of the blower 4; W. S2
The calorific value of No. 4 is effectively used for raising the temperature of the window glass 23.

Therefore, H. W. The defrosting and defogging of the window glass 23 can be effectively performed by the heat generation function of S24 alone, and the thawing and defogging time of the window glass 23 can be shortened. Next, the process proceeds to step 138,
H.8 started at H.8. W. It is determined whether the timer count-up (for example, 20 minutes) in S24 has been completed (whether the HWS energization time has reached a predetermined time). "N
If "O", the process returns to before the determination in step 129 and is repeated. If “YES”, this control ends.

FIG. 6 shows experimental data showing the effect of the present invention. When the defroster control is started from a state in which the vehicle windshield is completely frozen at an outside air temperature of -20 ° C., various defrosters are started. The result of measuring the glass melting time for each control is shown. The glass thawing time is measured separately for a time to reach a glass thawing area of 50%, which is a operable level of the vehicle, and a time to reach a glass thawing area of 90%.

In the experiment shown in FIG. W. S2
No. 4 consumes 30 power in any defroster control.
0W constant. The temperature of the hot air is 10 ° C to 40 ° C.
C, and the temperature of the cold air is -20 ° C. In FIG. W. In the case where the cold air is blown out during the single operation of S24, it takes 12 minutes to reach the glass melting area of 50%. W. S24
At the time of the single operation, by stopping the blowing (or blowing out a small amount of air), it is possible to shorten the time required to reach the glass melting area of 50% to 4.5 minutes.

In the first embodiment, the hot water heater core 51 is used as the air heating means for heating the blast air in the duct 2, and the hot water circuit 50 serves as a heat source for circulating hot water to the hot water heater core 51. Although the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 32 and the combustion heater 52 of the heat pump 30 are installed, the combustion heater 52 may not be mounted on the vehicle when the electric vehicle is used in a relatively warm region. . In this case, the outside air temperature is a predetermined temperature, for example, -10.
When the temperature becomes lower than or equal to ° C, the HWS 24 is inevitably operated alone.

In the first embodiment, the control in the defroster (DEF) blowing mode set in step 125 has been described. However, air having substantially the same air volume is simultaneously blown from both the foot outlet 15 and the defroster outlet 16. It goes without saying that the above-described defroster control may be adopted also in the foot / defroster (FOOT / DEF) blowing mode.

In the first embodiment, the energization amount of the HWS 24 is the same in the combined operation with the hot air blowing and in the single operation. However, the energizing amount of the HWS 24 is more independent than in the combined operation with the hot air blowing. Switching control may be performed such that the value is larger during operation. Similarly, the air volume (first set air volume) of the hot air blowing at the time of defroster control is set to a fixed value (for example, 250 m ^3).
/ H) may be changed according to environmental conditions such as the outside air temperature.

In the first embodiment, the operation positions of the air dampers 54 and 55 are reversed between the dashed line position and the solid line position in FIG. 1 during the cooling operation and the heating operation. , 55 may be an air mix damper controlled to an intermediate position so that a part of the air passing through the air conditioning duct 2 passes through the heater core 51. In the first embodiment, three solenoid valves 40 to 42 are used to switch the refrigerant passage of the heat pump 30.
Instead of these three solenoid valves 40 to 42, a three-way valve or a four-way valve may be used. (Second Embodiment) In the first embodiment, a hot water heater core 51 is used as air heating means for heating the air blown in the duct 2, and a hot water circuit 50 for circulating hot water in the hot water heater core 51 is installed. However, the present invention can be similarly implemented in an air conditioner in which the hot water circuit is eliminated as in the second embodiment shown in FIG.

In the air conditioner of FIG. 7, the air in the air conditioning duct 2 is cooled and heated by one indoor heat exchanger 36a provided in the heat pump cycle 30. 7, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or equivalent parts, and a description thereof will not be repeated. Less than,
The difference from FIG. 1 will be mainly described. An indoor heat exchanger 36a is arranged over the entire air passage in the air conditioning duct 2, and the indoor heat exchanger 36a acts as an evaporator in the cooling mode. Cool the blast air. In the heating mode, the indoor heat exchanger 36a acts as a condenser and heats the blown air.

The heat pump cycle 30 includes an outdoor heat exchanger 34, a refrigerant compressor 31, a heating decompressor 33, a cooling decompressor 35, and a check valve 3 in addition to the above-described indoor heat exchanger 36a.
3a, 35a, an accumulator 37, and a four-way valve 46 for switching the flow direction of the refrigerant are provided, and these devices are connected by a refrigerant pipe. The heat pump cycle 30 is in the cooling mode and the heating mode,
The flow of the refrigerant is switched by the four-way valve 46 as follows. In the figure, arrow C indicates the direction of flow of the refrigerant during cooling, and arrow H indicates the direction of flow of the refrigerant during heating.

In the cooling mode, the high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 31 is supplied to the four-way valve 46 → the outdoor heat exchanger 34 →
Check valve 33a → cooling decompressor (capillary tube) 3
5 → the indoor heat exchanger 36a → the four-way valve 46 → the accumulator 37 → the refrigerant compressor 31 flows through the closed circuit in this order. At this time, the indoor heat exchanger 36a acts as an evaporator, and cools the blown air by the latent heat of evaporation of the refrigerant.

In the heating mode, the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 31 is supplied to the four-way valve 46, the indoor heat exchanger 36a, the check valve 35a, the heating depressurizer (capillary tube) 33, the outdoor heat exchanger 34, and the four-way valve. It flows through a closed circuit in the order of valve 46 → accumulator 37 → refrigerant compressor 31. At this time, the indoor heat exchanger 36a acts as a condenser and heats the blown air by the latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant.

The ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 100 is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
24. (Other Embodiments) In the first and second embodiments, the means for heating the air blown out from the defroster outlet 16 includes a hot water heater core 51 and a heat pump cycle 30.
Although the indoor heat exchanger 36a is used, an electric heating element may be used as the air heating means in addition to these.

In the first and second embodiments, the HWS 24 can be energized by turning on the defroster switch 310 in conjunction with the setting of the defroster blowing mode.
4, a manual switch dedicated to the HWS 24 is provided on the operation panel 300, the HWS 24 can be energized by turning on the manual switch dedicated to the HWS, and the energization to the HWS 24 is intermittently controlled by the control shown in the flowchart of FIG. Good.

In the first and second embodiments, the air conditioner for an electric vehicle is described. However, the present invention may be applied to an air conditioner for a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an electric control system diagram according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view of an air conditioning operation panel according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of defroster control according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5A is a characteristic diagram showing a control map of a blowing mode according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5B is a characteristic diagram showing a control map of blower air volume according to the first embodiment of the present invention. .

FIG. 6 is a table showing the effects of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an overall configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 ... air conditioning duct, 4 ... blower, 16 ... defroster outlet, 23 ... window glass, 24 ... electric heating element (HWS), 3
0: heat pump, 36, 36a: indoor heat exchanger, 51
... Hot water heater core, 52 ... Combustion heater, 100 ... E
CU, 300: operation panel, 310: defroster switch.

Claims (5)

[Claims] An air heating means (51, 36a) and an air blowing means (4) are provided.
Defroster means (51, 36a, 4) for deicing and defrosting the window glass (23) by blowing hot air heated in 6a) onto the window glass (23) of the vehicle; Window glass (23) disposed on glass (23)
An electric heating means (24) for directly heating the window glass (23) for deicing and defogging the window glass (23); and manually operating by an occupant to blow the warm air to the vehicle window glass (23) in the air-conditioning blowing mode. A defroster operating means (309) for setting a defroster blowing mode to be turned on; a first interrupting means (127, 130, 134, 136) for interrupting the operation of the air heating means (51, 36a); and an electric heating means (24). ), A second intermittent means (128, 130, 133, 134, 136) for intermittently operating the air blower, and a blower control means (124, 127, 130, 134, 137) for controlling the operation of the air blower (4). The first and second defroster blowing modes are set when the first and second defroster blowing modes are set.
When the combined operation of the defroster means and the electric heating means is set by the intermittent means, the air blower means is operated at the first set airflow by the blower control means, and the first blower mode is set when the defroster blow mode is set. The air heating means is stopped by the intermittent means, and the second
An air conditioner for a vehicle, wherein when the single operation of the electric heat generating means is set by the intermittent means, the air blowing means is operated by the air blowing control means at a second set air flow smaller than the first set air flow. . 2. The first intermittent means (127, 130, 1).
34, 136) are the air heating means (51, 36a).
Conditions for the operation of the air heating means (5) are determined.
1, 36a), and the second intermittent means (128, 130, 133, 134,
136) The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the step (136) determines whether or not the electric heating means (24) can be operated, and interrupts the energization of the electric heating means (24). apparatus. 3. The air heating means (51, 36a) is configured to heat air using any one of a heat pump (30), a combustion heater (52) and an electric heating element as a heat source. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: 4. A heat source for the air heating means (51, 36a) includes both a heat pump (30) and a combustion type heater (52), and further includes an outside air temperature detection means for detecting a physical quantity related to the outside air temperature. 112), and when the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature detecting means (112) is higher than the first set temperature, the heat pump (30) is turned on by the first interrupting means (127, 130, 134, 136). While operating, the second intermittent means (128, 130, 133, 134, 136) cuts off the power supply to the electric heating means (24), and the air blowing control means (124, 127, 130, 134, 1
37) operating the air blower means (4) at the first set air volume according to (37), and when the outside air temperature is between the first set temperature and a second set temperature lower than the first set temperature, Operating the heat pump by the first intermittent means;
The second intermittent means energizes the electric heating means, and the air control means operates the air blowing means at the first set airflow. When the outside air temperature is lower than the second set temperature, Operating the combustion heater by a first intermittent means, energizing the electric heating means by the second intermittent means, and operating the air blowing means at the first set airflow by the air blowing control means, When the heat pump and the combustion type heater are both stopped by the first interrupting means and the electric heating means is energized by the second interrupting means, the air blowing means controls the air blowing means to the second set air volume. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle is driven by the air conditioner. 5. The air blowing means is stopped by the air blowing means when the electric heating means is operated alone, and the second set air volume is reduced to zero. The vehicle air conditioner according to one of the preceding claims.