JPH10285799A - Power supply equipment for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply equipment of high reliability, wherein the number of feeders is small, durability against troubles is ensured, faults are excluded, and power supply can be continued. SOLUTION: In a power supply equipment for a vehicle, a main power supply distribution equipment 1 is connected with subordinate power supply distribution equipment 3, 4, 5 by using a main feeder 99, a preliminary feeder 109 and a data transmission signal line 200. For example, the subordinate power supply equipment 3 normally connects a relay switch 32 with a contact C1, and supplies electric power to a load L from a battery 18, through the main feeder 99. When a fault point (a) is detected in the main feeder 99 by a current monitor 14, the relay switch 32 is connected with a contact C2, and electric power is supplied through the preliminary feeder 109.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power supply device for a vehicle for supplying power to various electric components, devices, and devices mounted on a vehicle. The present invention relates to a power supply device for a vehicle, which is capable of quickly removing a failure and capable of continuing to supply power to electrical components even if a failure occurs.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, computerization of vehicles has been rapidly progressing. Vehicles, for example, various types of passenger cars, are required to improve the fuel efficiency of main equipment (hereinafter referred to as main engine) essential for operation such as an internal combustion engine and an automatic transmission, reduce exhaust gas, run smoothly, and drive safely. Electronic control using electronic circuits and devices including computers has been promoted. Further, instead of using an electronic display device, for example, a color liquid crystal display device for the instruments on the front panel, it is possible to further facilitate the recognition of the operation state of the vehicle and to provide various information of the vehicle in various forms. Have also been tried.
Furthermore, there is a high demand for not only a mere means of transportation but also the use of the vehicle as a living space, while further improving the ride comfort and convenience of the vehicle as a means of transportation.
Position assessment using not only the main engine but also air conditioners and GPS
Operation guidance device, automatic seat adjustment device, power window, wiper, door lock, various lamps, radio, C
The mounting of auxiliary devices and devices (hereinafter, auxiliary devices) such as D, TV devices, and entertainment facilities is increasing, and their electronic control is progressing.

As described above, as the electrical components, the main engine, and the auxiliary equipment mounted on the vehicle are electronically controlled, the electric components, the main engine, and the auxiliary equipment themselves are electrically driven, and the main engine is increased. Various electronic devices are mounted on a vehicle for electronic control of auxiliary equipment. Therefore, for the above devices and devices mounted on the main engine, power transmission in a vehicle and signal transmission for operating an electronic control device have become important.

However, in power supply and signal transmission in a vehicle, a power supply line and a signal line (wire harness) pass through a rotating part such as a door, pass through a moving part, fit into a narrow part, or are screwed. Because it may stop at a location or pass through a high-temperature and high-humidity area, the possibility of disconnection or short-circuit due to deterioration, breakage, or the like is higher than that of ordinary indoor wiring. Since it is a problem that the main engine or the auxiliary machine does not operate normally due to breakage or short circuit of the power supply line or the signal line, various measures have been proposed.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Sho 60-193746 discloses that a current sensor and a circuit breaker are provided in a wire harness between a power supply and a load of a vehicle, and a unit current flowing from the power supply to a load such as an electrical component when the vehicle is stopped. It is disclosed that an abnormal state is detected by detecting a load, and when it is determined that the load is abnormal, the circuit breaker is driven to disconnect the load from the power supply. However, this method has a disadvantage that it is applied only to an abnormal state when the vehicle is stopped, and cannot be applied while the vehicle is running. It is relatively easy to detect an abnormality while the vehicle is stopped, but since the state of the load changes according to the traveling state, there is a limit in applying this technique to a traveling vehicle. Even if this technology is applied to a running vehicle, it is not always necessary to disconnect the load from the power supply.

As an example of a conventional vehicle power supply device, a power supply line protected by a fuse or fusible link power supply (power supply) line protection element according to a subsystem is connected to an electrical component, and the power supply line is connected to the power supply line. In the case where a short circuit or the like has occurred, a technique has been proposed in which the influence is limited only to the subsystem and is not affected to other subsystems. However, this method has a disadvantage that a large number of power supply lines must be laid. In particular, it is not easy in terms of mounting to arrange a large number of power supply lines in a limited space in a vehicle.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-80239 discloses that a power supply line is formed in a loop shape, a current sensor is provided at at least one position of the power supply line, and when a current sensor detects an abnormal state, the central control unit detects the abnormal state. The state is reported, and the central control unit sequentially activates and deactivates the plurality of power supply controllers, evaluates (specifies) the location of the abnormality, and, when the location of the abnormality is identified, turns off the power loop. It discloses a technique for disconnecting from the network.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-64361 discloses that two power supply lines are laid, and power is supplied via a diode, so that power is supplied from a power supply line which does not cause a failure even if one of the power supply lines is disconnected or short-circuited. To disclose the technology.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-275408 discloses that two power supply lines are laid in parallel between a power supply and a load, and two relays for switching between these two power supply lines are provided. A power supply line backup method is disclosed in which when a failure such as a short circuit occurs in one of the power supply lines, the other relay connects the other power supply line to a load.

[0010]

Problems to be Solved by the Invention
In the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-209, although the configuration of the power supply line avoids the complexity, there is a problem that it takes a long time to detect a fault, and it takes too much time to isolate a faulty part.

In the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-64361, the wiring harness becomes thicker because two power supply lines are laid. It is difficult to lay a wire harness in a limited space. Also, a large current diode is required.

In the method disclosed in JP-A-8-275408, a power supply line for supplying power to drive a load such as a power window is provided with a backup function. It does not describe a backup function of a control power supply line for supplying power to an electronic circuit such as a microcomputer to be controlled. Therefore, when a failure occurs in the control power supply line, the drive control of the load cannot be performed, and even if there is no failure in the load drive power supply line, it is practically impossible to accurately drive the load. There's a problem. This method is almost ineffective for obstacles such as disconnection.

As described above, in a vehicle that is spatially restricted and has many practical problems in mounting, it is highly reliable and effective for loads and electronic devices such as electric components, main engines, auxiliary machines, and electronic control devices. To power or establish and maintain signal paths.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the number of power supply lines,
An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle power supply device that is highly durable against failures and highly reliable.

[0015]

In order to achieve the above object, a power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention comprises a power supply, a main power distribution device directly receiving power from the power supply, and one or more auxiliary power distribution devices. A power supply line connecting a power supply unit between the adjacent main power distribution device and the sub power distribution device for supplying power from the power source; and information between the main power distribution device and one or more of the sub power distribution devices. An information transmission signal line for performing transmission, a vehicle power supply device for supplying power from the power supply to the load connected to the slave power distribution device via the power supply line, wherein the main power distribution device is controlled Means,
Signal transmission means for performing information transmission with the slave power distribution device via the information transmission signal line in cooperation with the control means,
Two or more power supply lines for supplying power from the power supply to the slave power distribution device, two or more disconnection means for connecting or disconnecting the power supply line and the power supply, and a failure of a power supply system outside the interruption means is detected. Having a failure detection means, the slave power distribution device, the control means, a signal transmission means for performing information transmission with another power distribution apparatus via the information transmission signal line in cooperation with the control means, 1 from the two or more power supply lines connected to its own power distribution device
Power supply line selection means for supplying power to the load from the selected power supply line, and operating power to the control means, the signal transmission means, and the power supply line selection means from each of two or more control power supply lines. The main power distribution device has two or more rectifying elements for supplying, and the main power distribution device cuts off the power supply line in which the fault detection unit has detected the fault by the shutoff unit, and the fault information is transmitted via the information transmission signal line. The power supply line is transmitted to the sub power distribution device, and the power supply line selecting means of the sub power distribution device selects a power supply line in which no fault has occurred based on the received fault information.

In the power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention, when a failure such as a short circuit occurs in the power supply line, the failure is detected by the failure detection means in the main power distribution device. The fault information of the detected fault is transmitted to each slave power distribution device via the information transmission signal line. The slave power distribution device inputs the fault information, and if the faulty power supply line is selected by the power supply line selecting means, switches the selection to another normal power supply line. In the power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention, the auxiliary power distribution device includes an operating power supply that drives an electronic circuit such as a control unit from two or more control power supply lines via two or more rectifying elements corresponding to the two or more control power supply lines. Is supplied. Therefore, even if a failure occurs in one control power supply line, operating power is continuously supplied from another control power supply line to an electronic circuit such as a control unit.

Further, in the power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention, preferably, the auxiliary power distribution device includes voltage detecting means for detecting disconnection of the power supply line. The power supply line selecting means of
Select a power supply line for which no disconnection has been detected.

Further, the vehicle power supply device of the present invention comprises a power supply, a main power supply distribution device directly receiving power supply from the power supply,
And a power supply line connecting a power supply unit between the main power distribution device and the auxiliary power distribution device adjacent to each other for supplying power from the power supply, wherein the power supply is provided through the power supply line. A power supply device for a vehicle that supplies power to a load connected to the sub power distribution device from the main power distribution device, wherein the main power distribution device includes: a control unit; and two or more power supply lines that supply power to the sub power distribution device from the power supply. And two or more shutoff means for connecting or shutting off the power supply line and the power supply, and fault detection means for detecting a fault in a power supply system outside the shutoff means, wherein the slave power distribution device comprises a control means. Power supply line selecting means for selecting one power supply line from the two or more power supply lines connected to its own power distribution device, and supplying power from the selected power supply line to a load; And a rectifying element for supplying operating power to the control means, the voltage detection means and the power supply line selecting means from each of the two or more control power supply lines. The main power distribution device cuts off the power supply line in which the failure detection unit has detected the failure by the disconnection unit, and the slave power distribution device detects that the voltage detection unit has stopped applying the voltage to the power supply line. At this time, the power supply line to which a voltage is applied is selected by the power supply line selecting means.

Further, in the power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention, preferably, the power supply line is used also as the control power supply line. In the power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention, preferably, the two or more control power supply lines are provided separately from the two or more power supply lines so as to connect the power supply to the sub power distribution device. .

Further, the power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention is preferably provided with a sensor for detecting an impact in the vehicle, and the control means in the main power distribution device is configured to control the main power supply in response to the impact detected by the sensor. Controls the shutoff means in the power distribution device.

In the power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention, preferably, the power supply and the main power distribution device are integrally formed without using external wiring.

In the power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention, preferably, the power supply is a secondary battery.

Further, in the power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention, preferably, a semiconductor switching element is provided in each of the two or more control power supply lines in the main power distribution device.
The control means of the main power distribution device sets the cutoff means of the power supply line in the main power distribution device to a deactivated state in accordance with a use condition of a load recognized by the control means of the slave power distribution device. And a second state in which a semiconductor switching element that extinguishes a control power supply applied to the control means when the first state continues for a predetermined time is in a deactivated state, and a normal operation state. The vehicle power supply device is controlled to be in the third state in which the shutoff means and the semiconductor switching element are energized.

[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a vehicle power supply device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram and an operation explanatory diagram of the vehicle power supply device of the present embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the vehicle power supply device according to the present embodiment includes one main power distribution device 1 and three sub power distribution devices 3, 4, 5, and 5.
Are the main power supply lines 100 to 106, the standby power supply lines 110 to 116, and the information transmission signal line 201, respectively.
To 204 are connected. Main power supply line 100
As a result, substantially one main power supply line 99 is formed between the main power distribution device 1 and the sub power distribution device 5. Similarly, the auxiliary power supply lines 110 to 116 form substantially one auxiliary power supply line 109 between the main power distribution device 1 and the sub power distribution device 3. The information transmission signal lines 201 to 204 connecting the main power distribution devices 1 to the sub power distribution devices 3 to 5 are referred to as signal transmission lines 200. As described above, in the present embodiment, the power from the main power distribution device 1 is supplied by the two main power supply lines 99 and the backup power supply line 109.
The power is supplied to the sub power distribution devices 3 to 5.

An example of arrangement of the main power distribution device 1 and the sub power distribution devices 3, 4, and 5 will be described. Main power distribution device 1 is disposed, for example, in an engine room of a vehicle, and sub power distribution device 3 is disposed on the right side of the instrument panel.
Is located on the left side of the instrument panel, and
Is arranged at the rearmost position farthest from the main power distribution device 1. Therefore, the main power supply line 101 and the signal line 201 are laid (routed) from the main power distribution device 1 in the engine room to the sub power distribution device 3 on the right side of the instrument panel.
The auxiliary power supply line 111 and the signal line 204 are laid from the main power distribution device 1 in the engine room to the sub power distribution device 5 on the left side of the instrument panel.
3. The auxiliary power supply line 115 and the signal line 202 are from the sub power distribution device 3 on the right side of the instrument panel to the sub power distribution device 4 on the rear, and the main power supply line 105, the auxiliary power supply line 113 and the signal line 203 are on the left side of the instrument panel. A certain sub power distribution device 5 to a sub power distribution device 4 at the rear
It has been wired up.

Main power supply line 101 and signal line 20
The plugs 91 and 92 of the connector are connected to both ends of the main power distribution device 1.
9 and receptacle 3 attached to slave power distribution device 3
The main power supply line and the signal transmission line between the main power distribution device 1 and the sub power distribution device 3 can be easily established only by fitting the plug 8 with these plugs. Similarly, a main power supply line between the sub power distribution device 3 and the sub power distribution device 4
Establishing a standby power supply line and a signal transmission line, establishing a main power supply line between the auxiliary power distribution device 4 and the auxiliary power distribution device 5, establishing an auxiliary power supply line and a signal transmission line, and installing the auxiliary power distribution device 5 and the main power distribution Establishing a backup power supply line and a signal transmission line with the device 1 can be easily performed only by fitting each plug and each corresponding receptacle.

The internal configuration of the main power distribution device 1 will be described. The main power distribution device 1 includes a secondary battery (battery) 18.
And a control unit 10 incorporating a microcomputer
, A signal transmission unit 11, and an input / output (I
/ O) unit, relay type switch circuits (hereinafter referred to as relay switches) 12 and 13, and a current monitor 1 for monitoring a current flowing from a secondary battery (battery) 18 to the outside
4 and 15. Although the I / O unit is not shown in the drawing for the sake of illustration, this I / O unit is connected to the control unit 10 like the I / O unit 37 in the sub power distribution device 3, and the control unit 10 is actually an I / O unit. The relay switches 12 and 13 are driven via the O unit. Further, for example, reading of an ignition key switch (not shown) is also read by the control unit 10 via the I / O unit. However, in the illustrated main power distribution device 1, it is illustrated that the relay switches 12 and 13 are directly driven from the control unit 10 in the illustrated relationship. This is the same in the sub power distribution apparatuses 3 to 5.

The battery 18 is connected to the alternator 6 and can charge the battery 18 from the alternator 6. Each of the current monitor 14 and the current monitor 15 uses a current detector with a shunt resistor, amplifies the voltage at both ends of the shunt resistor with a differential amplifier, and amplifies the amplified voltage with a comparison circuit using an operation amplifier. A circuit configuration for comparing with a value can be adopted. In addition, a non-contact type current detector such as a Hall effect element can be used as the current monitor 14 and the current monitor 15.

The current monitor 14 detects that the main power supply line 99 has a fault such as a short circuit. When a fault occurs, the control unit 10 reads the fault detection signal from the current monitor 14, and the relay switch 12 is deenergized to stop supplying power from the battery 18 to the outside. This failure detection signal is transmitted to the control unit 10 via the signal transmission line 200.
From the control units 30, 4 of the slave power distribution devices 3, 4, 5
0,50. Similarly, the current monitor 15 detects that the auxiliary power supply line 109 has a fault such as a short circuit. When a fault occurs, the control unit 10 reads the fault detection signal of the current monitor 15 and
And the power supply from the battery 18 to the outside is stopped. This failure detection signal is transmitted from the control unit 10 to the control units 30, 40, and 50 of the sub power distribution devices 3, 4, and 5 via the signal transmission line 200.

The control unit 10 has a built-in microcomputer and performs a signal transmission process described below in cooperation with the signal transmission unit 11 and a relay switch 1.
2 and the relay switch 13 to control power supply by the main power supply line 99 and the auxiliary power supply line 109. Further, the control unit 10 reads the detection value of the current monitor 14 and monitors the power supply line 99. Further, the control unit 10 reads the detection value of the current monitor 15 and monitors the power supply line 109. These detailed control operations will be described later. Note that the battery 18 is not included in the main power distribution device 1 and can be considered to be installed outside the main power distribution device 1 like the alternator 6.

The sub power distribution devices 3, 4, and 5 have basically the same configuration as the main power distribution device. As a representative example, the configuration and operation of the sub power distribution device 3 will be described. The slave power distribution device 3 includes a control unit 30 and a signal transmission unit 31.
And a relay type switch circuit (hereinafter referred to as a relay switch) 32 including a coil L, a base point B, and contacts C1 and C2.
And two rectifier diodes 35 and 36 and an input / output unit (I / O unit) 37. Rectifier diode 3
5 is connected so as to be forward from the main power supply line 102 to the node NA. The rectifier diode 36 is connected so as to be in a forward direction from the auxiliary power supply line 116 toward the node NA. Node NA
Is directly or indirectly connected to electronic circuits such as the control unit 30, the signal transmission unit 31, and the I / O unit 37, and a power supply voltage is supplied to these electronic circuits via the node NA. Here, as described above, the main power supply line 102 and the auxiliary power supply line 11 are connected to the node NA via the rectifier diodes 35 and 36, respectively.
6 is connected, if at least one of the main power supply line 102 and the standby power supply line 116 is normally supplying power, the power from the battery 18 is continuously supplied to the node NA without an instantaneous interruption. You.

The relay switch 32 is a switching type switch that selectively connects the switch provided at the base point B to the contact points C1 and C2 depending on whether the coil L is excited by the control unit 30 or not. Here, the contact C1 is connected to the main power supply line 102, and the contact C2 is connected to the auxiliary power supply line 116. The base point B is
It is connected to the load 311 via the switching element 301. The load 311 is a headlight, a door driving electric component, or the like near the right side of the instrument panel because the sub power distribution device 3 is disposed on the right side of the instrument panel.

The control unit 30 incorporates a microcomputer and performs a signal transmission process described below in cooperation with a signal transmission unit 31 and a relay switch 3.
2 to control the main power supply line 99, the auxiliary power supply line 109, and the signal transmission line 200. These detailed control operations will be described later.

The load 311 includes a switching element 301.
, The base point B of the relay switch 32
, The voltage or current of the battery 18 from the main power distribution device 1 is applied. The switching element 301 is
Switching is controlled by the control unit 30 via the I / O unit 37. However, for simplicity of illustration, the drive lines of the I / O units and the switching elements are omitted in the other sub power distribution devices 4 and 5. Note that an ignition key switch, a power window operation switch, and the like are input to the control unit 30 via the I / O unit 37 as a switch 311. It should be noted that switch inputs may be present in the other power distribution devices 4 and 5 as well, but are omitted for illustrative purposes.

Hereinafter, the main power supply line 9 of the vehicle power supply device will be described.
9, standby power supply line 109 and signal transmission line 200
Is described.

Vehicle Stopped (Non-operating) State When the vehicle is stopped (non-operating), power is supplied from the battery 18 in the main power distribution device 1 so that the control unit 10 can operate. However, in this state, the control unit 10 does nothing and the control unit 1
Microcomputers, memories, etc. in 0 are in sleep mode and in a minimal power consumption state. In this stopped state, the signal transmission unit 11 does not operate, and the control unit 10 keeps the coil L of the relay switch 12 and the coil L of the relay switch 13 deactivated (the state shown by the broken line in FIG. 1). , The contact C of the relay switch 12 and the contact C of the relay switch 13 are in an open state as shown in the figure, and power is supplied from the battery 18 to the sub power distribution devices 3, 4, 5 via the main power distribution device 1. Is not done. As described above, in the stop state, the control unit 10 only stands by with the minimum power, and power is not supplied to the sub power distribution devices 3, 4, 5 and the loads 311, 312, 313 connected thereto. , The power consumption of the battery 18 is kept to a minimum.

The battery 18 and the main power distribution device 1
And can be integrated. For example, a battery 18 is built in the main power distribution device 1, and
8 supplies power directly to the control unit 10 via a bus or the like. When the main power distribution device 1 with a built-in battery is configured as described above, the possibility that a failure occurs in the power supply system between the battery 18 and the main power distribution device 1 is significantly reduced, and the battery 18 is usually provided. There is a mounting advantage that the power supply line in the engine room of the vehicle can be easily routed.

The activation state and when being activated the ignition key switch operation indicating normal operating conditions the vehicle (not shown), which is wired directly to the main power distribution apparatus 1 wires from the ignition key switch (not shown)
, The control unit 10 detects the state, and energizes the coils L of the relay switch 12 and the relay switch 13 to bring their contacts C to the position indicated by the solid line in FIG. As a result, a path for the battery 18, the contact C of the relay switch 12, and the current monitor 14 is established, and power is supplied to the main power supply line 99. Similarly, battery 1
8. The contact C of the relay switch 13 and the path of the current monitor 15 are established, and power is supplied to the standby power supply line 109. By the way, in the starting state and the normal operation state, the relay switches 32,
The base points 42 and 52 are connected to the contact C1 by switches. Therefore, the voltage or current from the battery 18 is supplied to the nodes NA of the sub power distribution devices 3, 4, and 5 via the main power supply line 99. Note that since the signal transmission line 200 is not provided with a circuit for disconnecting the path, the signal transmission line 200 is always established without an instantaneous interruption.

When power is supplied to the main power supply line 102, the voltage of the battery 18 is applied to the control unit 30 via the rectifier diode 35 of the sub power distribution device 3, so that the control unit 30 can operate. Similarly, by supplying power to the main power supply line 104, the voltage of the battery 18 is applied to the control unit 40 via the rectifier diode 45 of the sub power distribution device 4, and the control unit 40 can operate. Similarly, by supplying power to the main power supply line 106, the voltage of the battery 18 is applied to the control unit 50 via the rectifier diode 55 of the sub power distribution device 5, and the control unit 50 can operate.

In this state, for example, when the switch 311 as a power window switch is turned on, an input signal indicating this is output to the control unit 30 via the input / output unit 37. Then, based on this input signal, the switching element 301 is switched from the cutoff state to the connection state by the control unit 30, and the voltage or current from the battery 18 is supplied to the load 311 via the main power supply line 102. As a result, the power window is driven.

As described above, through the main power supply line 99,
A control unit 30 inside the slave power distribution devices 3, 4, 5;
It is possible to supply power to the loads 311, 312, and 313 from the respective devices, as well as to the power supply to 40 and 50. Further, as described above, the signal transmission units 11, 31, 41,
The signal transmission line 200 including 51 is also substantially established.

Fault occurrence (short circuit) and fault point elimination From the above-mentioned normal state, the sub power distribution device 4 shown in FIG.
It is assumed that a short-circuit accident has occurred for some reason at point a on the main power supply line 105 between and. Due to the short circuit, a large short-circuit current flows to the fault point a. As a result, the current monitor 14 connected to the main power supply line 99 detects an excessive current and outputs a fault detection signal to the control unit 10. When the control unit 10 receives the failure detection signal from the current monitor 14, the control unit 10 opens the relay switch 12. Thus, it is possible to effectively suppress the excessive current from continuously flowing through the main power supply line 99. The control unit 10
Transmits the input fault detection signal to the information transmission signal line 20.
0 and output to the control units 30, 40, 50 via the signal transmission units 31, 41, 51.

When the control unit 30, 40, 50 receives the failure detection signal, it switches the relay switches 32, 42, 52 from the contact C1 to the contact C2 as shown in FIG. Thereby, via the backup power supply line 109,
The power supply voltage from the battery 18 is
2, 42, and 52 are supplied to the base point B. by this,
The control units 30, 40, and 50 turn on the switching elements 301, 302, and 303, respectively, so that the power supply voltage or the current generated at the base point B is reduced to the load 31.
1, 312, 313. At this time, the control units 30, 40, and 50 have rectifier diodes 3 respectively.
The power supply voltage of the battery 18 is continuously supplied from the standby power supply line 109 via the power supply lines 5, 45, and 55, and even if the main power supply line 99 is short-circuited, their operations are not interrupted instantaneously. As described above, according to the present embodiment, the identification (evaluation) of the power supply line including the failure point a and the elimination of the power supply line including the failure point a are quickly and automatically performed.

The restoration work normally, because the exchange of the main power supply line 99, including the failure point a is carried out in the stopped state of the vehicle, after replacing the normal main power supply line 99, again, back to the initial state, the main power supply line 99 Power is supplied to the sub power distribution devices 3, 4, and 5 via the.

In the above embodiment, the main power supply line 10
Although the case where the short circuit occurred at the point a of 5 was illustrated,
When a short circuit occurs in the main power supply lines 101 and 103, an excessive current is detected by the current monitor 14, and the same processing is performed.

When the relay switches 32, 42, and 52 are connected to the contact C1, that is, when power is supplied to the sub power distribution devices 3, 4, and 5 via the main power supply line 99, When a short circuit occurs in the auxiliary power supply line 109, the following processing is performed.
That is, when a short circuit occurs in the backup power supply line 109, an excessive current is detected by the current monitor 15, and a failure detection signal is output to the control unit 10. When a fault detection signal from the current monitor 15 is input to the control unit 10, the fault detection signal is transmitted to the information transmission signal line 20.
0 and output to the control units 30, 40, 50 via the signal transmission units 31, 41, 51. When the control unit 30 receives the failure detection signal, an alarm is output to an instrument panel provided in front of the driver's seat. From the alarm, the user can know that the short circuit has occurred in the backup power supply line 109, and can take a recovery measure. At this time,
In the slave power distribution devices 3, 4, and 5, the relay switch 3
Switching between 2, 42 and 52 is not performed, and power supply is not interrupted instantaneously.

As described above, in this embodiment,
Even if a failure occurs in the main power supply line 99, it can be quickly eliminated and a new backup power supply line 109 can be established. Therefore, the power supply device for a vehicle according to the present embodiment minimizes the adverse effect caused by the failure and can continuously supply power even after the failure occurs, so that the reliability is high.

Second Embodiment FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration and operation of a second embodiment of a vehicle power supply device according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the vehicle power supply device of the present embodiment is basically the same as the vehicle power supply device of the first embodiment, except that a main power supply line and a backup power supply The difference is that a potential monitor for monitoring the potential of the line is provided, and the control unit switches the relay switch based on the potential monitoring result of the potential monitor in addition to the fault detection signal from the main power distribution device.

That is, the vehicle power supply device of this embodiment is
The configuration of the main power distribution device 1 is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, but the configurations of the sub power distribution devices 403 to 405 are different as follows. The configuration and operation of the slave power distribution device 403 will be described as a representative example. The sub power distribution device 403 is configured by adding the main power supply line 102
The potential monitor 411 located above and the auxiliary power supply line 11
6 and a potential monitor 412 located on the top surface. The potential monitor 411 monitors the potential of the main power supply line 102 and outputs a potential abnormality detection signal to the control unit 430 when the potential drops below a predetermined reference. The potential monitor 412 monitors the potential of the auxiliary power supply line 116, and outputs a potential abnormality detection signal to the control unit 430 when the potential drops below a predetermined reference. Although not shown, the potential monitors 411, 41
A communication line for communicating a potential abnormality detection signal is provided between the control unit 2 and the control unit 430.

The control unit 430 includes a potential monitor 411
When the potential abnormality detection signal is input from the controller, the coil L is excited, and the relay switch 32 is connected to the contact C2. When the control unit 430 receives the potential abnormality detection signal from the potential monitor 412, the control unit 430 demagnetizes the coil L so that the relay switch 32 is connected to the contact C1. Further, when the control unit 430 inputs the failure detection signal via the information transmission signal line 200, the control unit 430 switches the relay switch 32 in the same manner as the control unit 30.

Hereinafter, a case where the connection between the plug 93 and the receptacle 39 shown in FIG.
The operation of the vehicle power supply device according to the present embodiment will be described. Plug 9
When the connection between the main power supply line 99 and the receptacle 39 is disconnected, the connection between the main power supply line 102 and the main power supply line 103 is cut off at the main power supply line 99, and the sub power distribution device 404 is disconnected.
Of the main power supply line 104 and the main power supply line 106 in the sub power distribution device 405 decrease. The decrease in the potential is detected by the potential monitor 413 and the potential monitor 415, and the potential monitor 413 and the potential monitor 415 transmit the control unit 440 and the control unit 4 respectively.
A potential abnormality detection signal is output to 50. On the contrary,
In the auxiliary power supply line 109, the sub power distribution device 404
Power supply line 114 and sub power distribution device 405
Of the auxiliary power supply line 112 is held at the power supply voltage from the battery 18. Therefore, the potential monitor 4
14 and 416 do not output a potential abnormality detection signal.

When the control units 440 and 450 receive the potential abnormality detection signals from the potential monitors 413 and 415, respectively, the control units 440 and 450 switch the relay switches 42 and 52 to the contact C1.
To the contact C2, and the power supply voltage is supplied from the auxiliary power supply line 109 to the base point B. Thus, when the switching elements 302 and 303 are turned on, the power supply voltage is supplied to the loads 312 and 313 via the auxiliary power supply line 109.

When the connection between the plug 97 and the receptacle 59 is disconnected for some reason, the power supply to the slave power distribution devices 403 to 405 by the backup power supply line 109 is cut off. Since power is supplied, no problem occurs immediately. However, if left unattended, the function of the entire system stops when an abnormality occurs in the main power supply line 99. Therefore, based on the potential abnormality detection signal from the potential monitor 412, the control unit 30
1 is switched, for example, a warning indicating that an abnormality has occurred in the backup power supply line 109 is displayed on the instrument panel to notify the driver.

According to the power supply device for a vehicle of the present embodiment, not only short-circuits occurring in the main power supply line and the backup power supply line but also failures such as disconnection or disconnection of the connector can be appropriately detected. Further, according to the vehicle power supply device of the present embodiment, adverse effects due to these failures are suppressed to a minimum, power can be supplied continuously even after the failure has occurred, and higher reliability can be obtained.

Modification of Second Embodiment In the second embodiment described above, each of the main power supply line and the auxiliary power supply line is provided with a potential monitor in each sub power distribution device. A potential monitor is provided between the base point B and the load. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, in the vehicle power supply device of the present embodiment, the configuration of the sub power distribution device 503 is basically the same as that of the sub power distribution device 3. The difference is that a potential monitor 416 is provided between the element and the element 301. The configuration of slave power distribution devices 504 and 505 is the same as slave power distribution device 503. In the vehicle power supply device according to the present embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG.
2, 42, 52 are joined to the contact C1, and the main power supply line 9
9, when the connection between the plug 96 and the receptacle 58 drops for some reason, the potential monitor 418 detects a drop in the potential, and the potential monitor 4
A potential abnormality signal is output from 18 to the control unit 550. When the control unit 550 receives the potential abnormality signal, the control unit 550 switches the relay switch 52 from the contact point C1 to the contact point C2, and supplies the power supply voltage from the auxiliary power supply line 109 to the base point B. When the relay switch 52 is switched from the contact point C1 to the contact point C2, the potential monitor 418 detects a normal potential.

As described above, according to the vehicle power supply device of the present embodiment, since only one potential monitor needs to be provided for each sub power distribution device, the device configuration can be simplified. However,
In this vehicle power supply device, as in the above-described second embodiment, it is not possible to constantly monitor the potential of the backup power supply line 109 and issue an alarm in advance when a failure occurs in the backup power supply line 109. Therefore, for example, when the vehicle is started, the power supply by the main power supply line 99 and the auxiliary power supply line 109 must be driven in order, and a method of monitoring the potential of each must be adopted, and it is difficult to detect abnormality in real time. .

Third Embodiment FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a vehicle power supply device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle power supply device illustrated in FIG. 5 includes a main power distribution device 601 and sub power distribution devices 603, 604, and 605, and the vehicle power supply device according to the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS. Similar to the power supply device. Hereinafter, differences between the vehicle power supply device of FIG. 5 and the vehicle power supply device illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described. In FIG. 5, in addition to the main power supply line 99 and the auxiliary power supply line 109 shown in FIG. 1, an electronic circuit driving main power supply line 610 and an electronic circuit driving auxiliary power supply line 611 are added.

The main power distribution device 601 has a configuration in which a main power supply line 610 for driving an electronic circuit and a spare power supply line 611 for driving an electronic circuit are added from the battery 18 to the main power distribution device 1 shown in FIG. . Further, a current monitoring / breaker 615 that monitors the current of the main power supply line 610 for driving the electronic circuit and cuts off the connection based on a cutoff instruction signal from the control unit 10, and a current of the auxiliary power supply line 611 for driving the electronic circuit. And a current monitor / breaker 616 for monitoring the power supply and disconnecting the connection based on a disconnection instruction signal from the control unit 10 is added. Each of the current monitoring / breakers 615 and 616 includes an ammeter with a shunt resistor or a semiconductor element with a current monitoring function, and a switch that disconnects a connection based on a disconnection instruction signal from the control unit 10. That is, although not shown, the control unit 1
Between 0 and the current monitoring / breakers 615 and 616, a communication line for communicating a current monitoring result and a cutoff instruction signal is provided.

The sub power distribution device 603 is different from the sub power distribution device 3 shown in FIG. 1 in that a rectifying diode is provided between the main power supply line 610 for driving an electronic circuit and a node NA so as to be forward. The point that the rectifier diode 35 is provided is different from the point that the rectifier diode 35 is provided between the electronic circuit driving auxiliary power supply line 611 and the node NA in the forward direction.

That is, in this vehicle power supply device, the main power supply line 9 for supplying power to the loads 311, 312, and 313.
In addition to the power supply line 9 and the auxiliary power supply line 109, an electronic circuit driving main power supply line 610 and an electronic circuit driving auxiliary power supply line 611 for supplying power to electronic devices such as the control unit 30 and the signal transmission unit 31 are provided. Therefore, even if a failure occurs in the main power supply line 99 and the auxiliary power supply line 109, power is supplied to the electronic circuit via the electronic circuit drive main power supply line 610 and the electronic circuit drive auxiliary power supply line 611.

In addition, for example, the sub power distribution device 603
Are connected to different electronic circuit driving main power supply lines 610 and electronic circuit driving auxiliary power supply lines 611, for example, even if a failure such as disconnection occurs in one of the power supply lines, Power is supplied from the power supply line of. In this sense, the reliability of the power supply system to the control unit 30, the signal transmission unit 31, and the like is increased.

In the vehicle power supply device of the present embodiment, the vehicle stop state, the normal operation state, the fault point elimination and return work, and the like are almost the same as in the first embodiment. However,
In the second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, since power is always supplied to the control unit 30, the signal transmission unit 31, and the like, there is an advantage that the recovery time from a failure can be reduced.

By the way, the main power supply line 6 for driving the electronic circuit
The maximum current flowing through the power supply line 10 and the auxiliary power supply line 611 for driving the electronic circuit is much smaller than the main power supply line 99 and the auxiliary power supply line 109. Therefore, the main power supply line 6 for driving the electronic circuit is provided.
A thin electric wire can be used as 10 and the auxiliary power supply line 611 for driving the electronic circuit. Even if two lines are provided, the installation area of the power supply line does not greatly increase. Further, as the connection / disconnection means of the current monitoring / breakers 615 and 616, an economical switching element using a semiconductor can be used. Further, since the power supply for driving the electronic circuit does not have a large fluctuation in the current value, the power can be protected by a small-capacity fuse.

As described above, by separating the power supply line for driving the load and the power supply line for driving the electronic circuit, the following processing can be easily performed. That is, for example, 200 to 300 m for driving when the vehicle is stopped.
Relay switch 1 that consumes a relatively large current of about A
2 and 13 are opened to reduce current consumption. And
During a normal vehicle suspension period of one to two weeks, control power is supplied to the control unit of each sub power distribution device via the electronic circuit driving main power supply line 610. Each control unit monitors a switch input such as door lock / door unlock, and when a switch input occurs, transmits the input signal to another power distribution device including the main power distribution device 1. When this input signal is input, the main power distribution device 1 turns on the relay switches 12 and 13 and turns on the sub power distribution device 6.
The power supply voltage is supplied to 03 to 605. Further, the slave power distribution device drives a load corresponding to the switch to which the input has been made.

When the vehicle has been stopped for a predetermined period of time, the control unit 10 informs the current monitoring / breaker 615,
A shutoff instruction signal is output to the control unit 616,
The operations of 40 and 50 are stopped, and only the control unit 10 operates. As a result, power consumption is extremely reduced, and the battery can be prevented from running down for a long time. Since the power is always supplied to the control unit 10 of the main power distribution device 1, the ignition switch signal is used as a condition for returning from the low power consumption mode to the normal mode.
By inputting 0, it is possible to return to the normal state by operating the ignition switch.

The recovery procedure at the time of failure is exactly the same as that of the first embodiment, but the power is always supplied to the electronic circuit, so that the recovery time is short. For the disconnection, the main power supply line 610 for driving the electronic circuit and the auxiliary power supply line 61 for driving the electronic circuit in each power distribution device.
By monitoring the potential at one input point, it is possible to detect a disconnection and issue an alarm.

On the other hand, the main power supply line 610 for driving the electronic circuit
In response to the short circuit of the auxiliary power supply line 611 for driving the electronic circuit, overcurrent is detected by the current monitoring / breakers 615 and 616 arranged in the main power distribution device, and the power is automatically cut off and the instrument panel is cut off. The driver can be alerted by outputting a power failure alarm.

Fourth Embodiment An example in which the vehicle power supply device illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5 is mounted on a vehicle is shown. The vehicle may have an accident, for example, a collision accident or a rear-end collision. In such a case, a short circuit accident or the like may occur, and furthermore, the control unit 10, the control unit 30, etc. may become inoperable, and it may be difficult to perform the legitimate operation of the above-described embodiment. In such a case, it may be difficult not only to detect the faulty point X causing the short circuit but also to eliminate the faulty point X. If only the power supply from the battery 18 is continued in such a situation, various secondary problems may occur. In order to cope with such a situation, as a fourth embodiment of the present invention, an acceleration sensor for detecting an impact in a collision, a rear-end collision, or the like is added to the main power distribution device 1 601, and when the acceleration sensor detects the impact, The main power distribution device 1
A shock disconnecting means can be added so that even if there is a short circuit or the like by cutting off the power supply from the power supply, a secondary problem does not occur. Note that an acceleration sensor that detects an impact at the time of a collision or a rear-end collision of a vehicle may be provided outside the main power distribution devices 1 and 601, and a detection signal of the acceleration sensor may be guided to the main power distribution devices 1 and 601 by wiring. .

In practicing the present invention, various modifications can be made without being limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which the battery 18 is included in the main power distribution device 1 and the battery 18 is integrated. When the battery 18 is included in the main power distribution device 1 in this manner, the wiring that is not protected by the housing between the battery 18 and the main power distribution device 1 can be shortened, or such a wiring can be reduced. There is an advantage that it disappears. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the power supply voltage from the battery 18 is supplied to all loads via the sub power distribution device having the above-described backup function has been described. As for the auxiliary power distribution device that distributes power to a low load, a backup function may not be provided, and power may be distributed by a fuse in the same manner as a normal joint box. That is, the system may be configured such that the above-described sub power distribution device having the backup function and the sub power distribution device not having the backup function are mixed.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the highly reliable power supply to the electric components, the main engine, and the auxiliary machines mounted on the vehicle has been described. However, the application of the above-described vehicle power supply device to the vehicle is limited. However, the present invention can be applied to various uses that require a highly reliable power supply system.

In the above embodiment, the case where the DC current and the voltage are supplied from the battery 18 has been described.
In practicing the present invention, the present invention can be applied not only to the supply of DC current and voltage from the battery 18 but also to the supply of AC.
However, the detection circuits such as the current monitor 14 are changed to those for AC, and the switching elements such as the relay switches 12 and 13 are changed from relays to AC switching elements such as triacs.

[0072]

According to the present invention, according to the vehicle power supply device of the present invention, not only the power supply line for driving the load, but also
By providing a backup function for the control power supply line, not only the drive of the load but also the reliability of the drive of the electronic circuit could be improved. That is, according to the present invention, a power supply device for a vehicle with high reliability against failures such as short circuit and disconnection can be realized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle power supply device as a power supply device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and particularly, a configuration diagram of a stopped state and a normal state of the vehicle.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle power supply device as a first embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention, and is a form diagram particularly illustrating a process of eliminating a failure point a.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram and an operation explanatory diagram of a vehicle power supply device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram and operation explanatory diagram of a modified example of the second embodiment of the vehicle power supply device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle power supply device as a third embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1. Main power distribution device 10. Control unit 11. Signal transmission unit 12, 13, Relay switch 14, 15, Current monitor 18. Battery 3, 4, 5, ... Secondary power distribution device 30. Control unit 31, signal transmission unit 32, 33, relay switch 35, 36, rectifier diode 37, input / output unit 99, main power supply line 109, auxiliary power supply line 200, signal transmission line

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI H02J 13/00 301 H02J 13/00 301D

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A power supply, a main power distribution device directly receiving power from the power source, one or more sub power distribution devices, and the main power distribution device and the sub power distribution device adjacent to each other for supplying power from the power source And a data transmission signal line for transmitting information between the main power distribution device and one or more of the sub power distribution devices. The power supply line connects the main power distribution device and the one or more sub power distribution devices. A power supply device for a vehicle for supplying power to a load connected to a sub power distribution device, wherein the main power distribution device includes a control unit, and the sub power supply via the information transmission signal line in cooperation with the control unit. Signal transmission means for transmitting information to and from the distribution device; two or more power supply lines for supplying power from the power supply to the sub power distribution device; and two or more interruption means for connecting or disconnecting the power supply line and the power supply. A fault detecting means for detecting a fault in a power supply system external to the shut-off means, wherein the slave power distribution device includes: a control means; and the other through the information transmission signal line in cooperation with the control means. And a signal transmission unit for transmitting information to and from the power distribution device, and selecting one power supply line from the two or more power supply lines connected to the own power distribution device and supplying power to the load from the selected power supply line. A power supply line selecting unit, and two or more rectifying elements for supplying operating power to the control unit, the signal transmission unit, and the power supply line selecting unit from each of the two or more control power supply lines; Transmitting the fault information to the slave power distribution device via an information transmission signal line by interrupting the power supply line in which the fault detection means has detected the fault, and transmitting the fault information to the slave power distribution device via an information transmission signal line; Sources said feed line selecting means of the dispensing device, based on the received failure information, the vehicle power supply apparatus for selecting a feed line failure does not occur. 2. The slave power distribution device includes voltage detection means for detecting disconnection of the power supply line. When the power supply line is broken, the power supply line selection means of the slave power distribution device detects the disconnection. The power supply device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a power supply line that is not used is selected. 3. A power supply, a main power distribution device receiving power directly from the power supply, one or more sub power distribution devices, and the main power distribution device and the sub power distribution device adjacent to each other for supplying power from the power source. A power supply line that connects a power supply unit between the power supply unit and a power supply device for a vehicle that supplies power from the power supply to a load connected to the sub power distribution device via the power supply line, wherein the main power distribution device includes: Control means; two or more power supply lines for supplying power from the power supply to the sub power distribution device; two or more cutoff means for connecting or disconnecting the power supply line and the power supply; and a power supply system external to the interruption means. Fault detecting means for detecting a fault of the power supply device, wherein the slave power distribution device selects one power supply line from the two or more power supply lines connected to the control means and its own power distribution device; Power supply line selection means for supplying power to the load from the selected power supply line; voltage detection means for detecting a voltage application state of the power supply line; and the control means, the voltage detection means, The main power distribution device includes two or more rectifiers that supply operating power to the power supply line selection unit, wherein the main power distribution device cuts off the power supply line in which the failure detection unit has detected the failure by the interruption unit, The power supply device for a vehicle, wherein the power supply line selection unit selects a power supply line to which a voltage is applied when the voltage detection unit detects the stop of the voltage application to the power supply line. 4. The vehicle power supply device according to claim 1, wherein said power supply line is also used as said control power supply line. 5. The power supply line for control according to claim 2, wherein:
The vehicle power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power supply device is provided so as to connect the power supply to the slave power distribution device separately from the power supply line. 6. A vehicle, further comprising a sensor for detecting an impact in the vehicle, wherein the control means in the main power distribution device controls the shutoff means in the main power distribution device in accordance with the detection of the impact by the sensor. The vehicle power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7. The vehicle power supply device according to claim 1, wherein said power supply and said main power distribution device are integrally formed without using external wiring. 8. The vehicle power supply device according to claim 7, wherein said power supply is a secondary battery. 9. The main power distribution device is provided with a semiconductor switching element in each of the two or more control power supply lines, and the control means of the main power distribution device recognizes the control means of the slave power distribution device. A first state in which the shutoff means of the power supply line in the main power distribution device is deactivated according to a use state of the load to be performed, and the control means when the first state is continued for a predetermined time. The vehicle is switched between a second state in which the semiconductor switching element that extinguishes the applied control power is in a deactivated state, and a third state in which the shutoff means and the semiconductor switching element are in an energized state in a normal operation state. The vehicle power supply device according to claim 5, which controls the power supply device.