JPH102854A - Ripening degree determining apparatus for grain - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To compute ripening degree at high precision by carrying out the ripening degree judgment, which has conventionally been difficult, based on determination of the chlorophyll content for the chlorophyll contained in the surface of husk disappears during ripening process. SOLUTION: A ripening degree determining apparatus 1 comprises a light emitting part 11 as an electromagnetic wave radiating means to radiate electromagnetic waves with wavelength which chlorophy 11 characteristically absorbs, a light receiving part 12 as a reflected light wave receiving means to receive the reflected waves of the radiated electromagnetic waves, and a CPU 13 which measures the chlorophyll content based on the received light quantity of the reflected waves received by the light receiving part 12 and judges the ripening degree. The light emitting part 11 radiates electromagnetic waves to grains 14, the light receiving part 12 receives the reflected waves of the radiated electromagnetic waves, and the CPU 13 determines that a large quantity of chlorophy 11 is contained in the grains and grains are immature in the case the received light quantity of the reflected waves is low and that chlorophy 11 is a little and grains are mature in the case the received light quantity of the reflected waves is high.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of irradiating grains such as rice and wheat with electromagnetic waves to determine the content of chlorophyll (chlorophyll) contained in the surface of the hull from the absorption amount of the chlorophyll-specific absorption band wavelength. More specifically, the present invention relates to a device for measuring the ripening degree of grains.

[0002]

Problems to be Solved by the Invention Immature grains (blue rice)
It is difficult to thresh, and it is necessary to pay attention so that it does not mix into mature sizing at the time of sorting. An object of the present invention is to determine the degree of maturity of a grain and determine the degree of ripening of the grain so as to be useful for a harvesting operation.

The present invention focuses on the phenomenon that chlorophyll contained in the surface of paddy disappears during the ripening process, as shown in the graph of FIG. 1, and determines the ripening degree of paddy, which was conventionally difficult, from the chlorophyll content. By doing so, a highly accurate ripening degree is obtained.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured as follows.

That is, an electromagnetic wave irradiating means for irradiating a grain with an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength which chlorophyll inherently absorbs, a reflected wave light receiving means for receiving a reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave irradiated to the grain, and a light receiving amount of the reflected wave A chlorophyll content measuring means for measuring the chlorophyll content of the grain, wherein the ripening degree of the grain is determined from the chlorophyll content.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a grain ripening degree judging apparatus embodying the present invention. The ripening degree determination device 1 includes a light emitting unit 11 as an electromagnetic wave irradiating unit that irradiates an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength that chlorophyll uniquely absorbs, a light receiving unit 12 as a reflected wave receiving unit that receives a reflected wave of the irradiated electromagnetic wave, Light receiving section 12
Comprises a CPU 13 which measures the chlorophyll content from the amount of received reflected waves to determine the degree of ripening.

The ripening degree judging device embodying the present invention has the above-described configuration. The light emitting unit 11 irradiates the kernel 14 with an electromagnetic wave, the light receiving unit 12 receives the reflected wave, and the CPU 13 transmits the reflected wave. If the amount of received light is small, it is determined that the grain 14 contains a large amount of chlorophyll and immature.

The following describes a combine vehicle speed control apparatus using the grain ripening degree determination apparatus of the present invention. As shown in the graph of FIG. 3, the combine has a sensor that outputs a sensor in proportion to the ripening degree of the paddy, and controls the maximum vehicle speed of the combine based on the sensor output.

Referring to a flowchart shown in FIG. 4, the vehicle speed control process of the combine will be described. When the process is started (step 101), first, the ripening degree of the paddy being harvested and conveyed is measured based on the sensor output (step 102). Then, the maximum vehicle speed VR of the combine is calculated from the measured ripening degree of the paddy (step 103). next,
Measure the current vehicle speed VD of the combine (step 10)
4) Compare the magnitude of VR and VD (step 105),
When VR is greater than or equal to VD, the vehicle speed of the combine is reduced to reduce the load on the engine (step 10).
6).

In this combine, the vehicle speed is reduced when the degree of ripening of the paddy during reaping and transport is measured and it is found that there is much immature paddy. As described above, since the vehicle speed is controlled based on the degree of ripening of the paddy, it is possible to prevent the remaining of the sawing and the engine overload.

Next, a description will be given of a combine swinging speed control apparatus using the grain ripening degree determination apparatus of the present invention. The combine has a sensor that outputs a sensor in proportion to the ripening degree of the paddy as shown in the graph of FIG. 5, and the sensor output is used in proportion to the amount of immature paddy as shown in the graph of FIG. Control to increase the swing rotation speed of the combine.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a threshing unit of the combine. The threshing unit 2 crushes the paddy threshed by the handling cylinder 21
Sort by 2 and blow away straw chips with Karino fan 23. The paddy selected by the swing unit 22 is transferred to a storage tank (not shown) by the first spiral 24a and the second spiral 24b.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of the swing rotation speed control device of the combine. The swing rotation speed control device 3 includes a threshing rice amount sensor 31 for measuring the amount of threshing rice and an immature rice paddy sensor 32 for measuring the amount of immature rice contained in the rice being threshed.
And a swing rotation sensor 33 for measuring the swing rotation speed by a CPU.
A swing rotation adjusting unit 35 for adjusting the swing rotation speed is connected to the input side of the CPU 34 and connected to the output side of the CPU 34.

Referring to a flowchart shown in FIG. 9, the swing rotational speed control process of the combine will be described.
When the process is started (step 201), first, the amount of threshed paddy is measured by the output of the threshing paddy amount sensor 31 (step 202), and then the immature contained in the threshing paddy is output by the output of the immature rice paddy sensor 32. The amount of rice is measured (step 203). Then, the swing rotation speed is measured based on the output of the swing rotation sensor 33 to calculate an appropriate swing rotation speed (step 204), and an appropriate adjustment amount is output to the swing rotation adjusting unit 35 (step 205). .

This combine measures the amount of immature rice contained in the rice being threshed, rapidly rotates the swinging portion 22 below the handling cylinder 21 according to the amount of immature rice, and increases the feed speed to the rear to increase the feed capacity. To increase. Thus, the unripe rice paddy is sent out by using the specific gravity difference between the sized rice paddy and the unripe rice paddy, so that blue rice is not mixed into the foremost spiral 24a. in this way,
By separating the sized rice paddy and the immature rice paddy into separate storage tanks and bags, energy saving can be achieved by drying only the sized rice paddy when drying. Also,
Since the immature rice is separated, the subsequent hulling work becomes easy. In addition, even when there are many immature rices such as early rice, there is an effect that the sized rice can be efficiently selected and harvested therefrom.

Next, an apparatus for controlling the amount of Karin air of a combine using the apparatus for judging the degree of ripening of grains of the present invention will be described. In this combine, as shown in FIG. 10, a ripening sensor 26 which outputs a sensor in proportion to the ripening of the paddy is mounted on the upper part of the swinging unit 22, and the ripening sensor 26 changes the graph of FIG. As shown in the figure, control is performed so as to increase the rotation speed of the combine harvester in proportion to the amount of immature paddy. In addition, 2
Reference numeral 5 denotes a transfer shelf for discharging the immature rice hulls selected by the oscillating unit 22 out of the machine.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the Karino airflow control device of the combine. The Karino wind quantity control device 4 includes a threshing rice amount sensor 41 that measures the amount of threshing paddy, an immature rice paddy sensor 42 that measures the amount of immature rice contained in the paddy during threshing,
A CPU 44 controls a Karamin rotation sensor 43 for measuring the Karamin rotation speed.
, And a Karino air volume adjusting unit 45 for adjusting the Karino rotation speed is connected to the output side of the CPU 44.

Referring to the flowchart shown in FIG.
A description will now be given of the Karino wind quantity control process of the combine.
When the process is started (Step 301), first, the amount of threshed paddy is measured by the output of the threshing paddy amount sensor 41 (Step 302), and then, the immature contained in the threshing paddy by the output of the immature rice paddy sensor 42. The amount of rice is measured (step 303). Then, the Karamin rotation speed is measured by the output of the Karamin rotation sensor 43 to calculate an appropriate Karamin rotation speed (Step 304), and an appropriate adjustment amount is output to the Karamin air volume adjusting section 45 (Step 305).

This combine measures the amount of immature rice contained in the paddy during threshing, and rotates the Karino fan 23 below the handling cylinder 21 quickly according to the amount of immature rice to increase the amount of Karomi air. This prevents blue rice from falling into the foremost spiral 24a. Therefore, the cutting area can be increased by the amount that blue rice is discharged outside the machine without falling into the first spiral 24a. It should be noted that even if blue rice is discharged outside the airplane, no buds will appear, so this is not a problem.

By separating the sized rice paddy and the unripe rice paddy into separate storage tanks and bags, energy saving can be achieved by drying only the sized rice paddy when drying. In addition, since the unripe rice is separated, the subsequent hulling work becomes easy (there is no need to press the rolls, the sorting becomes stable, etc.). In addition, even when there are many immature rices such as early rice, there is an effect that the sized rice can be efficiently selected and harvested therefrom.

Next, a damaged rice detecting apparatus for detecting damaged rice in which rice hulls are broken and brown rice inside is exposed using absorption of electromagnetic waves by moisture will be described. In FIG.
1 shows a configuration diagram of the damaged rice detection device. Damaged rice detection device 5
Irradiates an electromagnetic wave 52 containing a wavelength that water absorbs from a damaged rice sensor 51, receives a reflected wave 53 thereof, measures the amount of the electromagnetic wave absorbed by the raw rice 54 being sorted and conveyed.

FIG. 15 shows damaged rice in which the rice husks of the raw rice were broken and the brown rice inside was exposed. In the portion 56 where the rice hulls of the raw rice 55 are damaged, the amount of light received by the reflected wave 53 of the electromagnetic wave 52 including the wavelength absorbed by moisture is reduced because the brown rice inside is exposed.
As shown in the graph of FIG. 16, the damaged rice sensor 51 outputs a sensor output in proportion to the decrease in the amount of the reflected wave 53 of the electromagnetic wave 52 and the increase in the detected moisture.

This damaged rice detecting device is configured as described above, and the damaged rice sensor 51 detects the electromagnetic wave 52 radiated on the raw rice 54.
If the amount of light received by the reflected wave 53 is small, it is determined that the brown rice inside the raw rice 54 is exposed and absorbs a large amount of water, and is damaged rice.

During harvesting operations such as sorting and transporting by combine, damage is particularly likely to occur in early birth (high-moisture paddy) and the like, but the conventional combine has not been able to detect damage to paddy. According to this damaged rice detection device, it is possible to accurately detect the occurrence of damaged rice irrespective of the state of paddy, and to prevent the generation of damaged rice by linking with threshing rotation control and vehicle speed control to optimize Reaping work can be performed. In addition, since the damage to the paddy is small, it is possible to prevent a decrease in quality in drying, hulling, and storage in the subsequent steps.

Next, a combine for controlling the threshing speed by using the damaged rice detecting apparatus will be described. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, in the threshing part of this combine, the damaged rice sensor 51 is attached to the upper part of the first spiral 24a, the degree of damage to the paddy after threshing is measured, the rotation sensor 27 is used to measure the threshing speed, and The threshing speed is adjusted by the pulley 28, and if the damage of the paddy after threshing is large, the threshing speed is reduced.

Referring to the flowchart shown in FIG.
The threshing speed control process of the combine will be described. When the process is started (step 401), first, a timer is set (step 402), and it is determined whether or not time is up (step 403). Is determined (step 404), and if there is a damage interrupt, the counter is incremented (step 405). If the time is up, the damage rate is calculated from the value of the counter (Step 406), and the threshing speed is measured by the output of the rotation sensor 27 (Step 407). Then, it is determined whether the damage rate is equal to or less than a certain value (step 408),
If not, the stepless pulley 28 is adjusted to lower the threshing speed (step 409).

During the harvesting of the combine, the paddy is threshed, sorted, transported and collected in a Glen tank or the like. Among them, it is considered that the rate of damage to the paddy in the threshing section is the highest. This combine measures the degree of damage to the paddy after threshing, thereby controlling the threshing speed. Therefore, it is possible to harvest clean rice without damage due to threshing.
Further, since there is no damage to the rice husks, it is possible to prevent a decrease in quality in the post-process (drying, hulling, distribution).

Next, a grain speed sensor for measuring the speed at which the grain after threshing flows will be described. FIG. 19 shows a configuration diagram of this particle speed sensor. The particle speed sensor 6 emits a sound wave or an electromagnetic wave from the light emitting unit 61, and the reflected wave is received by the light receiving unit 62. Then, the temporal analysis of the reflection intensity is frequency-analyzed, and the speed of the moving kernel 63 is detected from the peak frequency of the fundamental vibration or the low-order high-frequency vibration obtained thereby.

The light emitting unit 61 irradiates a sound wave or an electromagnetic wave which varies with the speed to the front surface or the back surface of the moving grain layer 63. In this case, X-rays pass through the moving kernel layer 63 and are not possible.

As shown in the graph of FIG. 20, when the surface of the moving grain layer 63 is irradiated with a sound wave or an electromagnetic wave, the peak value of the fundamental vibration or low-order high-frequency vibration of the reflected wave and the speed of the moving grain layer 63 are reduced. The correlation is clearly shown. When a low frequency is extracted from the reflected waves and the intensity change over a certain period of time is subjected to frequency analysis, a low speed (4.9 cm /
The second peak has a peak of 410 mHz and a peak of 295 mHz until the next peak.
(0 cm / sec), the first peak is 820 mHz and the next peak is 600 mHz. Therefore, the speed of the moving kernel can be detected based on the difference in the peak value of the reflected wave.

FIG. 23 shows a light receiving section 62 of the particle speed sensor 6.
FIG. The light receiving section 62 includes a light receiving sensor 62a.
Is amplified by the amplifying unit 62b and input to the frequency analyzing unit 62c, where the temporal change of the reflection intensity is frequency-analyzed, and the peak frequency of the fundamental vibration or the low-order high-frequency vibration obtained thereby is obtained. Then, the peak frequency of the fundamental vibration or the low-order high-frequency vibration is input to the CPU 62d to detect the speed of the moving kernel.

The grain speed sensor 6 irradiates the surface of the moving grain layer 63 with light, and detects the speed of the moving grain layer 63 by performing frequency analysis on the intensity change of the reflected light over a certain period of time. Therefore, the grain speed of the moving grain layer 63 can be accurately measured. In addition, since the amount of grain can be detected when combined with a sensor that detects the layer thickness, it can be used for controlling a huller or a combine.

Next, a description will be given of a combine mining air volume adjusting device using the particle speed sensor. As shown in the graph of FIG. 24, as the grain moisture increases, the moving speed of the grain group decreases, and it is considered that there is a negative correlation between the grain moisture and the moving speed of the grain group. When the moving speed of the grain group is reduced, the sorting room of the threshing unit 2 shown in FIG. 25 tends to be clogged, and in this case, it is necessary to increase the amount of Karamin air.

The Karino air quantity adjusting device is equipped with a grain speed sensor 6 in the passage of the grain group in the sorting room of the threshing unit 2 to detect the moving speed of the grain group. Then, when the moving speed of the grain group is low, the amount of Karamin wind is increased. Therefore, when the grain moisture is increased and the sorting room is becoming slightly clogged, the amount of Karamin increases and the threshing operation can be performed more smoothly.

[0036]

Conventionally, during harvesting operations such as threshing and sorting,
Because we didn't know how mature the grains were,
There were many inconveniences, such as overloading the combine engine, poor selection of blue rice mixed with sizing, and so on.
In the present invention, the ripening degree judgment of the grain is determined from the chlorophyll content by focusing on the phenomenon that chlorophyll contained in the outer skin surface of the grain disappears during the ripening process, so that the ripening degree of the paddy is measured with high accuracy. Therefore, the harvesting operation can be performed properly.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the chlorophyll content of a paddy surface and the reflected wave luminance.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a grain ripening degree determination device embodying the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the ripening degree of rice and the sensor output.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of combine speed control processing.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between chlorophyll content of paddy surface and sensor output.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of immature rice and the swing rotation speed of the combine.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a threshing unit of the combine.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a swing rotation control device of the combine.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of combine swing rotation control processing.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a threshing unit of the combine.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of unripe rice and the number of rotations of the combine mino.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a combine mining air volume control device.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a combine mining air volume control process.

FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram of a damaged rice detection device.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of damaged rice.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing a relationship between detected moisture and a sensor output.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a threshing unit of the combine.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart of combine threshing speed control processing.

FIG. 19 is a configuration diagram of a particle speed sensor.

FIG. 20 is a graph showing the relationship between frequency and kernel speed.

FIG. 21 is a graph showing a change in intensity of a reflected wave of a low-speed kernel over a certain period of time.

FIG. 22 is a graph showing a change in intensity of a reflected wave of a high-speed kernel over a certain period of time.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram of a light receiving unit of the particle speed sensor.

FIG. 24 is a graph showing the relationship between grain speed and grain moisture.

FIG. 25 is a schematic view of a threshing unit of the combine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 ripening degree judging device 11 light emitting section 12 light receiving section 13 CPU 14 kernel 2 threshing section 21 handling cylinder 22 swinging section 23 Karino fan 24 spiral 25 transfer shelf 26 ripening degree sensor 27 rotation sensor 28 stepless pulley 3 swing Rotation control device 31 Threshing paddy amount sensor 32 Immature rice paddy sensor 33 Oscillating rotation sensor 34 CPU 35 Oscillating rotation adjusting unit 4 Karamin air quantity control device 41 Threshing paddy amount sensor 42 Immature rice paddy sensor 43 Karamin rotation sensor 44 CPU 45 Karamin air quantity Adjusting unit 5 Damaged rice detection device 51 Damaged rice sensor 52 Electromagnetic wave 53 Reflected wave 54 Raw rice 6 Grain speed sensor 61 Light emitting unit 62 Light receiving unit 63 Moving kernel

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An electromagnetic wave irradiating means for irradiating a grain with an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength which chlorophyll inherently absorbs, a reflected wave light receiving means for receiving a reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave irradiated on the grain, and a light receiving amount of the reflected wave. A chlorophyll content measuring means for measuring the chlorophyll content of the grain, wherein the ripening degree of the grain is determined from the chlorophyll content.