JPH10274612A - Frictional wear tester - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect vibration of a piece sample itself accurately and faithfully by providing an acceleration detector at a sample fixing section for holding a piece sample being fixed to the forward end part of a load arm through a spring member. SOLUTION: A load arm holds a piece sample B slid B sliding on a disc sample A being driven rotationally and it is held rotatably about an axis extending in parallel with the rotational axis of the disc sample A. A sample fixing section 62 for holding a piece sample B is fixed to the forward end part of the load arm through a spring member and an acceleration detector 65 is fixed to the sample fixing section 62. More specifically, the holder section 31 of the load arm has U-shape fixed with the opposite ends of a leaf spring member 60 provided with an acceleration detector 65. Since the acceleration detector 65 is fixed directly to the sample fixing section 62, the passage for transmitting vibration from the piece sample B to the acceleration detector 65 is shortened resulting in highly accurate detection of vibration, and the like.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a friction and wear tester for performing a friction and wear test on a sample. More specifically, the present invention relates to a friction and wear tester capable of accurately detecting acceleration, vibration, and the like generated in a piece sample during a friction and wear test.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, tribology, that is, friction,
Friction wear tests have been performed to measure wear phenomena. In this friction and wear test, a so-called piece sample such as a pin-shaped pin sample, a ball-shaped ball sample, and a ring-shaped ring sample is pressed on a disk-shaped disk sample with a predetermined load, and the disk sample is rotated. In some cases, the friction / wear phenomenon between the disk sample and the piece sample is measured.

[0003] As a friction and wear tester for performing such a test, the above-mentioned piece sample is held at the distal end of an arm having a fixed base end, and the strain generated in the arm is measured by a strain gauge or the like. Some measure the frictional force acting on the piece sample. However, such a device has a limit in its measurement accuracy, and it is troublesome to calibrate a strain gauge.

Further, there is a method in which the base end of the arm is attached to a rotating shaft, and the torque of the rotating shaft is measured by a torque detector to measure the frictional force. By the way, in the friction / wear test, there are cases where vibrations or the like occurring in the above-mentioned piece samples are detected, and phenomena such as seizure occurring on the friction / wear surface are analyzed. In such a case, an acceleration detector is attached to the tip of the load arm, and the vibration of the piece sample is measured.

However, since the above-mentioned load arm and the like are formed to have a rigidity or the like corresponding to a predetermined load, the inertia mass thereof is large, and a load is applied to the load sample by the load arm. The load pressurizing mechanism is in contact. Therefore, before the vibration or the like of the piece sample is transmitted to the acceleration detector, the vibration is attenuated or the mode of the vibration is deformed, and it is not possible to accurately detect the vibration of the piece sample itself. It was difficult.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can accurately and faithfully detect the vibration of a piece sample such as a pin sample attached to the tip of a load arm. A friction and wear tester is provided.

[0007]

According to the present invention, there is provided a disk drive mechanism for rotating a disk sample,
A load arm having a tip end for holding a piece sample slidingly in contact with the disk sample and a base end rotatably held about an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the disk sample; The part is provided with a sample mounting part which is mounted via a spring member and holds the piece sample, and an acceleration detector is mounted on the sample mounting part.

Therefore, vibration of the piece sample and the like are directly transmitted to the acceleration detector through the sample mounting portion,
Further, since the sample mounting portion is mounted on the distal end of the load arm via a spring member, the sample mounting portion has a high degree of freedom of vibration. Therefore, the vibration of the piece sample is faithfully transmitted to the acceleration detector without being attenuated, and the vibration of the piece sample can be measured accurately and faithfully.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the spring portion is a leaf spring member, and both ends of the leaf spring member are attached to the distal end of the load arm. The sample mounting portion is provided at the center of the sample, and the acceleration detector is mounted on the sample mounting portion.

Therefore, the structure is simple and the sample mounting portion is provided at the center of the leaf spring member, that is, at the neutral position. Therefore, undesired deformation of the load arm is absorbed by the deformation of the leaf spring member. This prevents an undesired displacement from occurring in the piece sample, and enables an accurate test.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the leaf spring member is formed of an integral material, mounting portions are formed at both ends, and a sample mounting portion is formed at a central portion. A pair of upper and lower leaf spring portions is formed between the mounting portion and the sample mounting portion.

Therefore, the leaf spring member has a box-like structure, has both predetermined elasticity and desired rigidity, prevents displacement such as undesired inclination of the piece sample due to frictional force, and is an integral member. Therefore, there is no occurrence of so-called chattering or the like in which the joints of a plurality of members vibrate in different modes, and accurate measurement of the vibration of the piece sample becomes possible.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. This embodiment is an arm-type friction / wear tester for performing a friction / wear test between a disk sample and a piece sample. First, an outline of the friction and wear tester of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

This tester comprises a measuring section 1 and a control section 2. The measuring unit 1 has a box shape with a frame, and has functions of changing the internal temperature and pressure, and also having a function of circulating oil. Room temperature, constant temperature, low temperature, high temperature, vacuum,
A friction and wear test can be performed in various atmospheres such as oil circulation.

The control unit 2 is provided with various control devices, and can control and measure each mechanism of a friction and wear test described later, control the atmosphere in the measurement unit, and the like. Further, the control unit 2 has a program function capable of automatically executing a friction and wear test of a predetermined process.

A device for performing a friction and wear test is provided in the measuring section 1. In the measuring section 1, a lower base 10 serving as a base of the apparatus and an upper base 20 erected above the lower base 10 are provided.

The lower base 10 is provided with a disk drive mechanism 11. The disk drive mechanism 11 includes mechanisms such as a servomotor and a speed reducer,
A disk sample mounting plate 12 of a disk shape is horizontally mounted on this upper end, and a disk sample is mounted thereon.
The disk drive mechanism 11 is controlled by the control unit 2 to rotate the disk sample mounted on the disk sample mounting plate 12 at an arbitrary speed. An oil container 19 for accommodating the disk sample mounting plate 12 is provided above the disk drive mechanism 11, so that a friction and wear test can be performed in an oil circulation atmosphere. The whole disk drive mechanism 11 can be moved horizontally with respect to the lower base 10 as described later.

On the lower base 10, a high load arm 13 and a low load arm 14 are provided as load arms. The base ends of the high-load arm 13 and the low-load arm 14 are rotatably supported in a horizontal direction on vertical shafts 15 and 16 parallel to the rotation axis of the disk drive mechanism 11. A piece sample such as a pin sample is attached to the tip, and these arms 13 and
By rotating the tip of the disk drive 14 above the disk sample of the disk drive mechanism 11 and pressing the piece sample on the disk sample and rotating the disk sample, the friction and wear between these samples are increased. The test is performed.

It should be noted that the shafts 15,
16 is one with respect to the disk drive mechanism 11 described above.
The arms 13,
14 are configured not to interfere with each other.

Further, holders 31 and 34 for holding piece samples are provided at the distal ends of the arms 13 and 14, respectively. A mechanism for detecting is mounted.

The high load arm 13 is used when a high load of, for example, up to 5000 N is applied to the piece sample to perform a wear friction test. The low-load arm is, for example, 0.5 to 50 N
Is used when performing a friction and wear test by applying a low load to the piece sample. In addition, these arms 13,
Reference numeral 14 denotes a standby position where the tip is rotated to a use position where the tip is positioned above the disk sample when used, and the tip is separated from the disk drive mechanism 11 when not used. Pivoted to the position. FIG. 3 shows a state in which the high-load arm 13 is in the use position and the low-load arm 14 is in the standby position. In addition,
When these arms 13 and 14 are in the standby position,
Their tips are held by a block-shaped holding block 21. In addition, these holding blocks 21 are removable.

Further, the upper base 20 is provided with a load pressing mechanism for pressing a predetermined load on the piece sample. FIG. 3 shows a high-load pressurizing mechanism 22 that presses a high load on the high-load arm 13. For example, a pressurized air is supplied to a bellofram mechanism to apply an arbitrary load in the above-described range. It acts on the tip of the high load arm 13. The low-load arm 14
, A predetermined load is applied by a weight.

In order to offset the weights of the arms 13, 14 and the shafts 15, 16, a balance mechanism 1 is provided.
7 and 18 are provided, respectively, and an upward load is applied to the shafts 15 and 16 by weights or the like which are balanced with these weights to offset these weights.

On the lower base 10, a high load frictional force detecting mechanism 23 and a low load frictional force detecting mechanism 24 are provided.
Is provided. These friction force detection mechanisms 23, 24
Is an arm type, which abuts against the side of the distal end of the high load arm 13 or the low load arm 14 at the use position from the circumferential direction of rotation of the disk sample, and the gap between the piece sample and the disk sample Of these arms 13,
The load in the horizontal direction generated at the distal end of 14 is detected by a load cell or the like, and the frictional force is measured.

Next, each of the above mechanisms will be described. First, the high-load pressurizing mechanism 22 includes the above-described belofram mechanism 35, which is supplied with pressurized air at a controlled predetermined pressure and generates a predetermined pressurized load. This pressing load is applied to the rod 36 which can slide up and down.
Via the holder 3 at the tip of the high load arm 13
1 is pressed from above. A roller 37 is provided at the lower end of the rod 36 so as not to restrict the movement of the tip end of the high-load arm 13 in the rotational circumferential direction of the disk sample. The pressing load of the high-load pressing mechanism 22 is detected by a load cell provided at an appropriate location.

The arm 13 for high load includes an arm main body 30, the holder 31 provided at the distal end of the arm main body 30, and the base end of the arm main body 30 connected to the shaft 15 as described above. And a bearing portion 32 which is rotatably supported on the shaft.

The above-described high-load frictional force detecting mechanism 2
3 includes an arm member 41 and a load cell 42 for detecting a frictional force as shown in FIG. The tip of the arm member 41 is connected to the side of the holder 31 of the high load arm 13 via the non-constrained joint mechanism 43 of the present invention.
For example, it is in contact with a vertically formed side surface.

The unconstrained joint mechanism 43 applies a component component in the rotation circumferential direction and horizontal direction of the disk sample from the holder 31 to the arm member 41, that is, the disk sample A and the pin sample shown in FIG. B transmits only a component force component that accurately corresponds to the frictional force with the piece sample B such as B.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the unconstrained joint mechanism 43 includes, for example, a roller 44 rotatably supported by a vertical shaft 46 on the holder 31 side.
A roller 45 rotatably supported by a horizontal shaft 47 orthogonal to the shaft 46 is provided on the tip end side of the arm member 41, and the peripheral surfaces of these rollers 44, 45 are in contact with each other. Have been.

As shown in FIG. 4, the friction surface between the disk sample A and the pin sample B is generally located at a position apart from the center of twist of the high-load arm 13, so that the frictional force between them causes this friction surface. The torsional deformation occurs in the arm 13. The arm 13 is provided with the high-load pressurizing mechanism 22 described above.
Other loads from the like also act. Therefore, when a friction and wear test is performed, a complicated deformation or load acts on the arm 13, and these are subjected to the above-described friction detection mechanism 23 for high load.
Error is generated when the data is transmitted to the load cell.

However, the above-mentioned unconstrained joint mechanism 43
Since the peripheral surfaces of the pair of rollers 44 and 45 rotatably supported by the shafts 46 and 47 in directions orthogonal to each other are in contact with each other, a predetermined direction from the holder 31 to the arm member, that is, the disk sample A The load other than the component component in the rotation circumferential direction and the horizontal direction of the rollers 4
All are released by the rotation of 4, 45. Therefore, only the force in the above direction is transmitted to the load cell 42,
The force in this direction exactly corresponds to the frictional force between the disk sample A and the pin sample B, so that the frictional force can be accurately measured.

The unrestricted joint mechanism is not limited to the structure as shown in FIG. 5, but may have various structures as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The unrestricted joint mechanism 43a shown in FIG. 6 has a roller 51 rotatably supported by a horizontal shaft 52 on the arm member 41 side in the same manner as described above, and a pair of seat members 53 on the holder member 31 side. A ball joint having a steel ball 54 interposed therebetween is provided. Such an unconstrained joint mechanism 43a
Also operates in the same manner as the above-described unrestricted joint mechanism 43.

The unrestricted joint mechanism 43b shown in FIG.
Is provided with a rotary ball bearing 55 called a free bear on the arm member 41 side, and a seat surface member 58 having a smooth finished vertical seat surface on the holder portion 31 side. The free bear 55 accommodates a steel ball 56 in a seat member 57 having a substantially hemispherical concave portion, and a plurality of small steel balls (between the steel ball 56 and the concave portion of the seat member 57. (Not shown). In this structure, the steel ball 56 is rotated in an arbitrary direction by the rolling of the small steel ball, and the same operation as that of the non-restrained joint mechanism 43 is performed.

The holder 31 of the high load arm 13 has the following structure in order to accurately press a piece sample such as a pin sample B against a disk sample A.

That is, the holder 31 has a U-shape as shown in FIG. 4, and both ends of the leaf spring member 60 are attached to both ends thereof. As shown in FIG. 8, the leaf spring member 60 is formed by cutting a block of a steel material, and has a block-shaped mounting portion 6 at both ends.
1 is formed, and a block-shaped sample mounting portion 62 is formed in the center portion, and a pin sample B is mounted here. Reference numeral 64 denotes a mounting screw for the pin sample B.

A pair of upper and lower leaf spring portions 63 are formed integrally between the sample mounting portion 62 and the mounting portions 61 at both ends. Therefore, when the leaf spring portion 63 is elastically deformed, the leaf spring member 60 acts as a leaf spring. In addition, since the upper and lower leaf spring portions 63 have a box-like structure integrally formed, the leaf spring member 6
0 has a predetermined rigidity, for example, a predetermined rigidity against torsional deformation.

As described above, when various undesired deformations occur in the high-load arm 13, this leaf spring member 60
These undesired deformations are absorbed by the elastic deformation of the leaf spring portion 63, and the pin sample B can be pressed onto the disk sample A in an accurate direction, for example, an accurate vertical direction. Further, since the plate spring member 60 has rigidity in a predetermined direction, the pin sample B itself is prevented from being undesirably inclined by the frictional force acting on the pin sample B. You.

The leaf spring member 60 is provided with a mechanism for directly detecting the vibration of the piece sample such as the pin sample B. That is, this leaf spring member 6
An acceleration detector 65 is provided above the zero sample mounting part 62. The acceleration detector 65 detects, for example, vertical acceleration.
Is sent to the control unit 2 of the friction and wear tester via a signal line 66 and the like, and the acceleration signal is integrated, for example, to obtain a pin sample B or the like mounted on the sample mounting unit 62. The vibration, amplitude and the like of the piece sample can be calculated.

The measurement of the vibration of the pin sample B and the like is as follows.
It is measured when analyzing the behavior of friction and wear. In the above-described apparatus, since the acceleration detector 65 is directly mounted on the sample mounting portion 62, the vibration of the pin sample B is transmitted to the acceleration detector 65. The transmitted path is short, and this vibration is less likely to be attenuated due to deformation or internal loss of a member in the middle, or inertial mass, and the vibration of the pin sample B can be detected with high accuracy.

Further, in this embodiment, since the sample mounting portion 62 has a block shape, the attenuation when the vibration of the pin sample B is transmitted is extremely small, and the measurement accuracy can be further increased. Further, this leaf spring member 60 is
Since it is not formed by joining a plurality of members but is formed integrally by cutting a block-shaped material, these members are joined between the joined portions of the plurality of members by the vibration of the pin sample B. The phenomenon of vibration in another mode, so-called chatter, does not occur, and the measurement accuracy can be further improved.

The holder 34 provided at the distal end of the low load arm 14 has the same structure as described above, and the same leaf spring member is attached to the holder 34. Further, a low-load friction force detection mechanism 24 is provided corresponding to the low-load arm 14, and the low-load friction force detection mechanism 24 has the same configuration as the high-load friction force detection mechanism 23 described above. Also, it is in contact with the side surface of the holder portion 34 of the low load arm 14 via the same non-restraining joint mechanism as described above. These mechanisms are of course designed for low loads.

FIG. 12 shows the acceleration detector 6 as described above.
5 shows an example of a friction and wear test performed by detecting the vibration of the pin sample B. In this test, while measuring the relationship between the load and the frictional force between the pin sample B and the disk sample A,
The vertical acceleration of the pin sample B is measured by the acceleration detector 65 described above. Then, as shown in FIG.
When this acceleration increases abruptly in a certain area, it is found that the pin sample B has a seizure phenomenon on the friction surface and surface roughness has occurred.

FIGS. 9 to 11 show a state in which the low load arm 14 is in the use position. The low load arm 14 is formed to be lightweight for low load, for example, by forming a reduction hole 70 or the like. The low-load pressurizing mechanism of the low-load arm 14 uses a weight 71 in this embodiment.
A mechanism for mounting the weight 71 is provided on the holder portion 34.

The bearing 3 of the low load arm 14
Reference numeral 5 uses a rolling bearing such as a ball bearing as shown in FIG. 11, and is configured so that the rotation resistance with the shaft 16 is reduced. Since only a low load acts on the low-load arm 14, the load due to this load can be supported by the rolling bearing 35 as described above.

The high load arm 13, the low load arm 14, the high load pressing mechanism 22, the balance mechanism 1
7 and 18, the high-load frictional force detecting mechanism 23, the low-load frictional force detecting mechanism 24, and the like are fixedly mounted on the lower base 10 and the upper base 20, and the disk drive mechanism 11 described above.
Can be moved in the horizontal direction with respect to the lower base 10 by the eccentric mechanism 80.

That is, the disk drive mechanism 11
The entirety of the arm 1 is mounted on a moving table 81, and the moving table 81 is moved along a rail 82 so that the arm 1 in the use position
It is possible to move in a direction parallel to 3 and 14. Also,
On the lower base 10, a micrometer mechanism 83 capable of accurately moving the movable base 81 is provided. Further, the movable table 81 can be fixed at an arbitrary position by a clamp mechanism 84 shown in FIGS.

Therefore, this micrometer mechanism 83
Is operated, the disk drive mechanism 11 moves in the horizontal direction together with the movable table 81, and the arms 13,
Pin sample B attached to 14 holders 31 and 34
And the eccentric amount of the rotation center of the disk sample A can be adjusted. Thus, the pin sample B can be brought into accurate contact with an arbitrary position of the disk sample A.

Therefore, instead of arranging the mechanisms such as the arms 13 and 14 so as to be movable, the eccentricity can be adjusted as described above by arranging the disk drive mechanism 11 so as to be movable. And the structure is simplified.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the present invention is not limited to one provided with both a high-load arm and a low-load arm, and may be applied to a friction and wear tester provided with only one of them. Also,
The spring member of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is a matter of course that other various mechanisms can be adopted.

[0050]

As described above, according to the present invention, the vibration of the piece sample and the like are directly transmitted to the acceleration detector through the sample mounting portion, and the sample mounting portion is loaded through the spring member. Since it is attached to the tip of the arm, the sample attachment section has a high degree of freedom of vibration. Therefore, the vibration of the piece sample is faithfully transmitted to the acceleration detector without being attenuated, and the effect of the vibration of the piece sample can be measured accurately and faithfully.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall front view of a friction and wear tester according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a part of the measuring device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view taken along line 3-3 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of arrows 4-4 in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of an unconstrained joint mechanism.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of another form of a non-restraint joint mechanism.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a non-restraint joint mechanism of still another embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a leaf spring member.

FIG. 9 is a rear view of the state in which the low-load arm is at the use position as viewed from the rear.

FIG. 10 is a view taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged side view of the low load arm.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a friction and wear test.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Disk drive mechanism 13 High load arm 14 Low load arm 22 High load pressurization mechanism 23 High load friction force detection mechanism 24 Low load friction force detection mechanism 31 Holder part 60 Leaf spring member 62 Sample mounting part 65 Acceleration Detector A Disk sample B Pin sample

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A disk drive mechanism for rotating and driving a disk sample, and a tip sample holding a piece sample slidably in contact with the disk sample, and a base end rotating about an axis parallel to a rotation axis of the disk sample. A load arm arbitrarily held, a sample mounting portion mounted on a distal end portion of the load arm via a spring member for holding a piece sample, and an acceleration detector mounted on the sample mounting portion. Characteristic friction and wear testing machine. 2. The leaf spring member is a leaf spring member. Both ends of the leaf spring member are attached to the distal end of the load arm, and the center of the leaf spring member is the specimen mounting portion. 2. A friction and wear testing machine according to claim 1, wherein said acceleration detector is mounted on said sample mounting portion. 3. The plate spring member is formed of an integral material, mounting portions are formed at both ends, a sample mounting portion is formed at a central portion, and a portion between the mounting portion and the sample mounting portion is provided. 3. A friction and wear tester according to claim 2, wherein a pair of upper and lower leaf spring portions are formed on each of the first and second plates.