JPH10248404A - Curtain for protected agriculture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a curtain for protected agriculture with an excellent heat insulation property capable of dissolving a goldfish basin phenomenon at a low cost and suppressing the disease damage of field crops grown inside a house without using agricultural chemicals. SOLUTION: For this curtain 1 for the protected agriculture composed of a curtain material 2 provided with the plural small holes 3, the diameter of the small hole 3 is equal to or more than 0.1mm and not more than 2.0mm, the number of the small holes 3 is 1-10,000 pieces per surface area 100cm<2> of the curtain material 2 and a hydrophilic film 4 for covering the small holes 3 is formed on the side of the back surface 2a of the curtain material 2. Preferably, the hydrophilic film 4 is a coating film formed by applying hydrophilic coating liquid whose main components are an inorganic hydrophilic colloid material and a hydrophilic organic compound.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a curtain for facility agriculture which is suitable for use inside a house for facility agriculture, and more particularly, to a crop for growing water in a house on the curtain for facility agriculture. The present invention relates to curtains for facility agriculture that can be discharged without causing disease.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a house for facility agriculture, water droplets condensed due to a difference in temperature between the inside and outside adhere to the inner surface of the house, and the water drops fall on the curtain for facility agriculture. It is known that a puddle is formed and the weight of water causes a phenomenon called a so-called fishbowl phenomenon.

[0003] Curtains for facility agriculture are opened and closed on a daily basis due to the need for ventilation and the like. However, when a fishbowl phenomenon is observed, it is difficult to open and close the curtain for facility agriculture, resulting in extremely poor workability. Further, there is a problem in that the durability of the curtain for facility agriculture is impaired, and when the curtain for facility agriculture is broken without being able to withstand the weight of moisture, the crops are damaged.

[0004] In order to solve this problem, a technique for forming a round hole for draining water on a facility agricultural curtain has been developed.
No. 461. According to this technique, an example in which a round hole having a diameter of 1 to 6 mm is formed in a thermoplastic resin film is disclosed.

However, when the diameter is 2 mm or less, water does not actually escape due to the surface tension of water, and the diameter is 3 mm at intervals of 10 to 20 cm.
The fact is that the above holes are drilled. However, if a hole having a diameter of 3 mm or more is provided, there is a problem that when a water drop falls from the hole and falls toward a crop growing in the house, a disease is caused on the crop at the drop position. For this reason, conventionally, the occurrence of disease has been suppressed by using pesticides. Furthermore, in the case of holes having a diameter of 3 mm or more, not only water does not exist on the curtain, but even if water exists on the curtain, not all holes are filled with water. There is also a problem that heat in the house is released at night from the open hole where no water exists.

Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 58-86334 discloses an agricultural nonwoven sheet in which a film having a hole is adhered to one surface of a nonwoven fabric. In this sheet, the heat loss from the nonwoven fabric can be considerably prevented by the perforated film. However, since the nonwoven fabric is laminated on the entire surface of the perforated film, there is a disadvantage that the nonwoven material is wasted.
Furthermore, the idea of the fishbowl phenomenon is not disclosed at all, and the size of the pores is not determined, as the density (number / area) is appropriately determined by the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric used. Is not limited.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the present invention is excellent in heat retention and eliminates the fishbowl phenomenon at low cost.
An object of the present invention is to provide a curtain for facility agriculture capable of suppressing the disease of a crop grown in a house without causing pesticides.

[0008]

According to the present invention, there is provided a curtain for facility agriculture, comprising a curtain material having a plurality of small holes, wherein the diameter of the small holes is 0.1 mm or more. less than mm, preferably 0.1 mm or more and 1.0
mm or less, particularly preferably 0.1 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less, and the number of the small holes is 1 to 10,000 per 100 cm ^{2 of the} curtain material surface area.
It is characterized in that the number is 00, preferably 4 to 10,000, and that it has the following configuration.

(1) A hydrophilic film covering small holes is formed on the back side of the curtain material. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrophilic film is composed mainly of an inorganic hydrophilic colloid substance and a hydrophilic organic compound. It is a coating film formed by applying a hydrophilic coating solution, and more preferably, a hydrophilic film is formed along a row of small holes.

(2) A water-absorbing strip covering the small holes is fixed along the row of small holes on the back side of the curtain material. Preferably, the water-absorbing strip is made of water-absorbing paper or woven fabric. Or it is a nonwoven fabric.

(3) To make hydrophilic and / or water-absorbing fibers penetrate the small holes of the curtain material, preferably by sewing.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of a curtain for facility farming of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a curtain for facility farming. 2 is a curtain material made of a thermoplastic resin, and 3 is a small hole provided in the curtain material 2.

In the present invention, the diameter of the small hole is 0.1 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less.
mm, preferably 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, particularly preferably 0.2 mm or more and 0.8 mm or less. When the diameter is smaller than 0.1 mm, the processing becomes complicated, and when the diameter is larger than 2.0 mm, there is a problem in heat retention, which is not preferable.

In the present invention, when the diameter of a small hole is a round hole, it means the diameter. In the case of a hole other than a round hole, 1/2 of the sum of the maximum length and the minimum length of the hole is defined as the diameter. I do. The diameter can be measured by taking an enlarged photograph.

In the present invention, the number of small holes is 1 to 10,000 per 100 cm ^{2 of the} surface area of the curtain material, and preferably 4 to
Up to 10,000 pieces. If the number is less than one, the effect of discharging water is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 10,000, the workability of manufacturing small holes becomes complicated and the heat retention becomes poor.

The method for forming the small holes 3 includes, for example, punching, puncturing, and leaching with a heated needle or the like during the production of the curtain material. Is preferably employed.

The small holes 3 may be formed during the production process of the curtain material 2 or may be formed at any time before the application of a hydrophilic coating solution described later, or may be formed after the application.

The curtain material 2 used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin film. For example, vinyl curtain resin films and polyolefin resin films such as polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers may be used. Various water-permeable thermoplastic synthetic resin films can be used. Among them, in the present invention, preferred are polyolefin-based resins, and the polyolefin-based resin is a homopolymer of α-olefin, a copolymer with a different monomer containing α-olefin as a main component, for example, Polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene 1 copolymer, ethylene-4-methyl-1-pentene copolymer, ethylene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-decene copolymer Ethylene-α-olefin copolymers such as polymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate-methyl methacrylate copolymers, ionomer copolymers Polymers. These resins can be used alone or in a blend.

The thickness of the curtain material of the present invention is preferably from 20 to 120 μm, more preferably from 50 to 100 μm, in consideration of cost, strength, flexibility, workability and the like when made of a low density polyethylene resin.

In the curtain for facility agriculture of the present invention, the small holes 3 formed in the curtain material 2 have a very small diameter as described above, and usually, water is discharged from such a small diameter. Difficult to do. However, by forming the hydrophilic film 4 on the back surface 2a of the curtain material 2 at a portion covering the small holes 3, it is possible to discharge moisture from the small holes 3. In addition, as a result, the discharged water has a large number of holes, so that the water does not concentrate and drop down to a specific location, so that the disease of the crop can be suppressed without using pesticides. Also, since the back surface of the small hole is covered, heat escape can be effectively prevented.

The hydrophilic film 4 is formed by applying a hydrophilic coating liquid containing an inorganic hydrophilic colloid substance and a hydrophilic organic compound as main components.

In the present invention, the hydrophilic coating solution includes
A substance mainly composed of an inorganic hydrophilic colloid substance and a hydrophilic organic compound is preferably used.

Examples of the inorganic hydrophilic colloid substance include colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, and colloidal Fe.
(OH) ₂ , colloidal Sn (OH) ₄ , colloidal TiO ₂ , colloidal BaSO ₄ , colloidal lithium silicate, and the like. Particularly preferred materials are colloidal silica and colloidal alumina.

Examples of the hydrophilic organic compound include various surfactants (nonionic, anionic, and cationic) and a hydroxyl-containing vinyl monomer component as a main component. And a partially or completely neutralized product thereof containing up to 40% and a sulfonic acid group-containing polyester resin.

Other components that can be added to the hydrophilic coating solution include ultraviolet absorbers, colorants, pesticides, fertilizers, and the like.

The hydrophilic coating solution is applied to the back surface 2 of the curtain material.
A may be applied so as to cover at least the small holes, and may be partially applied only around the individual small holes, or may be applied along the small hole array. Further, it may be applied to the entire back surface of the curtain material. In the present invention, it is preferable to partially apply only around individual small holes, and in the present application, when a hydrophilic coating solution is applied so as to wet inside the small holes, the movement of moisture is more effectively prevented. It can be carried out.

The method of applying the hydrophilic coating solution includes spray coating, brush coating, stamping and the like. The hydrophilic coating solution can be applied again during use as a curtain for institutional agriculture.

Next, another example of the curtain for facility agriculture of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 is a plan view as seen from the back side of the curtain material. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 5 denotes a portion provided on the back side 2a of the curtain material 2 so as to cover three rows of small holes along the row of small holes. It is a water-absorbing strip obtained. The water-absorbing strip 5 plays a role of discharging water accumulated on the upper surface of the curtain material 2 from the small holes 3, similarly to the above-mentioned hydrophilic film. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the above-mentioned diseases of the crops and to prevent the heat escape at night.

The water-absorbing strip 5 is preferably formed of water-absorbing paper, woven or non-woven fabric.

The method of fixing the water-absorbing strip 5 to the back surface 2a of the curtain material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include adhesion with various adhesives, adhesion with various adhesives, and welding.

Since the water-absorbing strip 5 only needs to be fixed to at least a portion covering the row of small holes, the cost is reduced as compared with fixing the entire back surface of the curtain material.

Next, another example of the curtain for facility agriculture of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 3, reference numeral 6 denotes hydrophilic and / or water-absorbing fibers, which penetrate through the small holes 3 of the curtain material 2.

The curtain material 2 is formed by the hydrophilic and / or water-absorbing fibers 6 in the same manner as the above-mentioned hydrophilic film and water-absorbing strip.
The drainage of the water accumulated on the upper surface from the small holes 3 is smoothly performed.

The method of penetrating the hydrophilic and / or water-absorbent fibers 6 into the small holes 3 includes, for example, a method of sewing the hydrophilic and / or water-absorbent fibers 6 to the curtain material 2 with a sewing machine or the like. According to this method, it is possible to penetrate the hydrophilic and / or water-absorbing fibers 6 at the same time that the small holes 3 are provided.
It is preferable because the working time can be shortened.

The hydrophilic and / or water-absorbent fibers 6 only have to penetrate the small holes 3. After sewing with a sewing machine or the like, the seams protruding from the front side and the back side of the curtain are cut to penetrate the small holes 3. You may leave it only in a part.

Examples of the hydrophilic and / or water-absorbing fibers include various natural fibers (cotton, silk, hemp, wool, etc.), various synthetic resin fibers subjected to hydrophilic treatment (polyester, nylon, polypropylene, etc.) and hydrophilic synthetic resin fibers. (Polyvinyl alcohol, etc.) can be used.

The thickness of the hydrophilic and / or water-absorbing fiber is not particularly limited as long as it can penetrate the small holes.

[0041]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described. The present invention is not limited by such embodiments.

Example 1 A commercially available institutional curtain material (made of polyethylene resin, product name: Mikado Longevity) having a thickness of 50 μm was provided with 100 small holes having a diameter of 0.3 mm per 100 cm ² by piercing the curtain material. The coating solution prepared as described below was applied to the entire back surface side to obtain a curtain for facility agriculture of the present invention 1.

(Preparation of Coating Solution) A stock solution comprising 15% by weight of colloidal silica and 1% by weight of a surfactant is diluted 100 times with water and used.

Next, in the above-mentioned curtain material for facility agriculture, small holes having a diameter of 0.3 mm were formed in a row by punching 100 holes per 100 cm ² , and along the row of small holes on the back side of the curtain material. A water-absorbent nonwoven fabric (material: polyester) formed in a 1-cm wide band so as to cover the small holes was fixed with an adhesive to obtain a curtain for institutional agriculture of the present invention 2.

Further, in the above-mentioned curtain material for facility agriculture,
Using a needle having a diameter of 0.3 mm and hydrophilic fibers having a diameter of 0.2 mm (material: cotton), sewing was performed so that 100 small holes were formed per 100 cm ² . This was designated as a curtain for facility agriculture of the third invention.

The above-mentioned curtains for facility agriculture of the present inventions 1, 2 and 3 are spread in a house to discharge water (fish bowl effect).
Observation, night heat retention (night temperature change in the curtain),
Three types of experiments and observations on the observation of disease occurrence of crops were performed. The survey was conducted from November 10 to March 10 of the following year.

The measurement of the night temperature starts at 5:00 in the evening,
It was recorded with a continuous recorder, and was measured day and night in 10 days of fine weather. The temperature when the temperature became the lowest in one day was read, and the average value for 10 days is shown in Table 1.

Regarding the occurrence of disease on agricultural crops, 20 cucumber plants were planted, cultivated under normal conditions without using pesticides, and observed for each plant to determine the number of strains that caused the disease (downy mildew, sclerotium). Are shown in Table 1.

As Comparative Example 1, the same experiment was conducted without forming a coating film on the facility agricultural light-shielding courtesy 1 of the present invention.

As Comparative Example 2, small holes having a diameter of 5 mm
A similar experiment was performed using a conventional institutional agricultural curtain formed by punching one piece per m ² .

Table 1 shows the results.

[0052]

[Table 1]

As can be seen from Table 1, when the light-shielding courtes for facility agriculture of the present inventions 1, 2, and 3 are used, heat escape at night is prevented, and there is no water stagnation area that poses a problem in work. Since the water was discharged uniformly and smoothly, there was no intensive dripping at a specific location in the house, and almost no crop disease was caused.

On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the water retention area was widened, the film became breast-like, and the curtain could not be opened and closed. The increase in the number of disease outbreaks to 16 has been caused by stuffiness and humidity. Conventionally, pesticides have been used as a countermeasure. In contrast, the present invention was able to control the disease without using pesticides. Further, in Comparative Example 2, considerable heat was released from the large round hole at night, and the large hole caused intensive dripping and considerable disease of the crop was recognized. As a countermeasure, conventional pesticides were used. ing.

[0055]

Industrial Applicability As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to eliminate the fishbowl phenomenon at low cost and to suppress the disease of crops grown in a house without using pesticides. Curtains can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a curtain for facility agriculture of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing another example of the curtain for facility agriculture of the present invention (a view from the back side).

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the curtain for facility agriculture of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: curtain for facility agriculture 2: curtain material 2a: back surface 3: small hole 4: hydrophilic film 5: water-absorbing strip 6: hydrophilic and / or water-absorbing fiber

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A curtain for facility agriculture comprising a curtain material having a plurality of small holes, wherein the diameter of the small holes is 0.1 mm or more.
It is less than 2.0 mm, the number of the small holes is 1 to 10,000 per 100 cm ^{2 of the} surface area of the curtain material, and a hydrophilic film is formed on the back side of the curtain material to cover the small holes. Facilities for agricultural curtains. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic film is a coating film formed by applying a hydrophilic coating solution containing an inorganic hydrophilic colloid substance and a hydrophilic organic compound as main components. Facility agricultural curtain. 3. A curtain for facility agriculture comprising a curtain material having a plurality of small holes, wherein the diameter of the small holes is 0.1 mm or more.
Less than 2.0 mm, the number of the small holes is 1 to 10,000 per 100 cm ^{2 of the} surface area of the curtain material, and the water-absorbing strip covering the small holes on the back side of the curtain material is arranged along the small hole row. A curtain for facility agriculture characterized by being fixedly attached. 4. The curtain for facility agriculture according to claim 3, wherein the water-absorbing strip is a water-absorbing paper or a woven or non-woven fabric. 5. A curtain for facility agriculture comprising a curtain material having a plurality of small holes, wherein the diameter of the small holes is 0.1 mm or more.
Less than 2.0 mm, the number of the small holes is 1 to 10,000 per 100 cm ^{2 of the} surface area of the curtain material, and hydrophilic and / or water-absorbing fibers penetrate through the small holes of the curtain material. Facility agricultural curtain.