JPH10237855A - Soil improving material and its manufacture - Google Patents
Soil improving material and its manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10237855A JPH10237855A JP4086897A JP4086897A JPH10237855A JP H10237855 A JPH10237855 A JP H10237855A JP 4086897 A JP4086897 A JP 4086897A JP 4086897 A JP4086897 A JP 4086897A JP H10237855 A JPH10237855 A JP H10237855A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fluidized bed
- bed ash
- granulation
- water
- ash
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007908 dry granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011041 water permeability test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFYJSSARVMHQJB-QIXNEVBVSA-N bakuchiol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC[C@@](C)(C=C)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LFYJSSARVMHQJB-QIXNEVBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、地盤改良材、特
に流動床灰を利用してドレーン材として好適な地盤改良
材及びその製造方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ground improvement material, particularly a ground improvement material suitable as a drain material using fluidized bed ash, and a method for producing the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】わが国は平地部が少ない上に、その平地
も軟弱地盤が多く、良質な土壌は極めて少ない。このた
め、軟弱な地盤を所要の強度を有する地盤に改良し、こ
れらを有効に活用するために種々の地盤改良材が用いら
れている。そのうち、ドレーン材は、特に軟弱に粘土質
の地盤改良に用いられるもので、一般的には砂や砂利が
用いられる。2. Description of the Related Art In Japan, there are few flat lands, and the flat lands also have a lot of soft ground, and very few high quality soils are available. For this reason, various types of ground improvement materials have been used to improve soft ground into ground having a required strength, and to effectively use these grounds. Among them, the drain material is particularly softly used for soil improvement of clayey soil, and generally sand or gravel is used.
【０００３】一方、流動床灰は、火力発電所の石炭流動
層ボイラーから発生する産業廃棄物の一つである。今の
ところ石炭流動層ボイラーは一般産業用、プロセス加熱
用が主力であり、流動床灰の発生量は、微粉炭焚ボイラ
ーから発生する石炭灰（微粉炭燃焼灰）と比べてかなり
少ない（微粉炭燃焼灰の発生量：約５００万ｔ／年、流
動床灰の発生量：約４０万ｔ／年）ものの、石炭流動層
ボイラーは、様々な優れた特長を有し、今後、事業の大
型化、加圧式の導入等により急速に設置され、それにと
もなって流動床灰の発生量も大幅に増大すると推定され
ている。On the other hand, fluidized bed ash is one of the industrial wastes generated from a coal fluidized bed boiler of a thermal power plant. At present, coal fluidized bed boilers are mainly used for general industry and for process heating, and the amount of fluidized bed ash generated is considerably less than coal ash (pulverized coal combustion ash) generated from pulverized coal-fired boilers (pulverized coal combustion ash). Although the amount of coal combustion ash generated is about 5 million tons / year, and the amount of fluidized bed ash generated is about 400,000 tons / year), coal fluidized bed boilers have various excellent features and will be a large-scale business in the future. It has been estimated that the ash will be installed rapidly due to the introduction of a gasification system and a pressurized system, and the amount of fluidized bed ash generated will also increase significantly.
【０００４】しかし、微粉炭燃焼灰がセメント原料やコ
ンクリート用添加（混和）材として相当量利用されてい
るのに対し、流動床灰は、炉内同時脱硫を兼ねる流動媒
体として石灰石が使用されることによる石灰成分、硫黄
成分を大量に含有しており、埋め立て等の廃棄処分にさ
れているのが現状である。[0004] However, pulverized coal combustion ash is used in a considerable amount as a raw material for cement or as an additive (mixing) material for concrete, whereas in fluidized bed ash, limestone is used as a fluid medium that also serves as simultaneous desulfurization in a furnace. Currently, it contains a large amount of lime and sulfur components, and is currently being disposed of by landfill.
【０００５】このような中、一部、流動床灰の有効利用
技術の開発も進められており、流動床灰が石灰成分、硫
黄成分を大量に含有する特性に着目し、これを軟弱汚泥
廃棄物の固化材として利用すること（特開平７−２４６
４００号）や、流動床灰１００部に水が５〜１０００部
を添加混合し、これを４０〜１５０℃で加熱して硬化体
とすることにより、建材や構造材などに利用すること
（特開平２−２２５３４９号）などが提案されているも
のの、前記地盤改良材、特にドレーン材としての適用を
示すものはない。[0005] Under such circumstances, development of technology for effective use of fluidized bed ash has been partially advanced. Attention has been paid to the characteristics of fluidized bed ash containing a large amount of lime component and sulfur component, and this is considered as soft sludge disposal. Utilization as a solidifying material for materials (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-246)
No. 400) and 100 parts of fluidized bed ash, 5 to 1000 parts of water are added and mixed, and the mixture is heated at 40 to 150 ° C. to form a cured product, which is used as a building material or a structural material. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2-225349) has been proposed, but none of the above-mentioned ground improvement materials, particularly those showing application as drain materials.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】この発明は、今後発生
量が大幅に増大することが予想される流動床灰の有効利
用を図るもので、特にドレーン材として使用可能な地盤
改良材及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention seeks to make effective use of fluidized bed ash, which is expected to greatly increase in the future, and in particular, a ground improvement material usable as a drain material and its production. The aim is to provide a method.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、この発明の地盤改良材によれば、流動床灰に水を加
え転動造粒して球状の硬化体としてなること（請求項
１）、ドレーン材として用いること（請求項２）、を特
徴とし、また、この発明の地盤改良材の製造方法によれ
ば、流動床灰１００重量部に水１５〜２５重量部を加え
転動造粒した後、常温養生して球状の硬化体とすること
（請求項３）、造粒直後の乾燥密度が１．６ｇ／ｃｃ以
上になるように転動造粒すること（請求項４）、地盤改
良材がドレーン材であること（請求項５）、を特徴とす
る。以下、この発明を詳細に説明する。In order to achieve the above object, according to the ground improvement material of the present invention, water is added to fluidized bed ash to form a spherical hardened material by rolling and granulating. According to the method for manufacturing a ground improvement material of the present invention, 15 to 25 parts by weight of water is added to 100 parts by weight of fluidized bed ash, and the rolling is performed. After granulation, curing at normal temperature to obtain a spherical hardened body (Claim 3), and rolling granulation so that the dry density immediately after granulation becomes 1.6 g / cc or more (Claim 4). The ground improvement material is a drain material (claim 5). Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】流動床灰は、前述したように石炭
火力発電所から発生する一般の石炭灰とは異なり、石炭
の灰分の他に、石膏、Ｑｕｉｃｋ Ｌｉｍｅ、非晶質の
ＣａＯ−ＳｉＯ2 、ＣａＯ−Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 等のＣａＯ分を
混入している灰である。その為、流動床灰を使用した場
合、一般の石炭灰を使用した場合と特性が大きく異な
り、一部セメント的な働きを起こし強度発現に寄与す
る。すなわち、流動床灰に水を加えると、石膏の水和硬
化、ＣａＯの炭酸化硬化、エトリンガイトの生成硬化等
により、硬化体が得られる。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fluid bed ash is different from general coal ash generated from a coal-fired power plant as described above, in addition to coal ash, gypsum, Quick Lime, and amorphous CaO-SiO. 2 is a ash is mixed with CaO content, such as CaO-Al 2 O 3. Therefore, when fluidized bed ash is used, its characteristics are significantly different from those of the case where general coal ash is used, and it partially acts like cement to contribute to strength development. That is, when water is added to the fluidized bed ash, a hardened product is obtained by hydration hardening of gypsum, carbonation hardening of CaO, ettringite formation hardening, and the like.
【０００９】この発明の地盤改良材は、このような流動
床灰に水を加え転動造粒して球状の硬化体としてなるこ
とを第一の特徴とする。この硬化体は、１５０kgf/cm2
以上の圧縮強度を有し、しかも球状で透水性に優れ、ド
レーン材として好適に使用できるものである。The first feature of the soil improvement material of the present invention is that water is added to such fluidized bed ash and tumbled and granulated to form a spherical hardened material. This cured product is 150 kgf / cm 2
It has the above compressive strength, is spherical and excellent in water permeability, and can be suitably used as a drain material.
【００１０】流動床灰は特に制約がなく、クリンカ状の
ものから微粉状のものまで幅広く使用することができ
る。水は、流動床灰１００重量部に１５〜２５重量部の
範囲で加えてパンペレタイザーのような転動型造粒機で
造粒する。水量が前記範囲外になると、造粒物の崩壊が
起こりやすくなったり、造粒が不能になるなど好適な造
粒物が得られない。また、水量は、得られる硬化体の物
性と密接に関係しており、具体的には、高強度硬化体を
得るために造粒直後の乾燥密度が１．６ｇ／ｃｃ以上の
高密度となるように設定して決定する。乾燥密度は、造
粒後１時間以内の造粒物を加熱乾燥して得られる、いわ
ゆる絶乾比重に相当するものであり、これが１．６ｇ／
ｃｃとなるように造粒することにより高強度硬化体に
し、この発明の好適な地盤改良材とすることができる。
このための造粒は、前記乾燥造粒密度を１．６ｇ／ｃｃ
以上とするためにも転動型造粒機が好ましく、容易に球
状で密実な造粒物を得ることができる。[0010] Fluid bed ash is not particularly limited, and can be used widely from clinker-like to fine powder-like. Water is added to a fluidized bed ash in an amount of 15 to 25 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight and granulated by a tumbling granulator such as a pan pelletizer. If the amount of water is out of the above range, a suitable granulated product cannot be obtained, for example, the granulated product is likely to collapse or the granulation becomes impossible. Further, the amount of water is closely related to the physical properties of the obtained cured product, and specifically, the dry density immediately after granulation is 1.6 g / cc or more in order to obtain a high-strength cured product. Is set and determined. The dry density corresponds to the so-called absolute dry specific gravity obtained by heating and drying the granulated material within one hour after granulation, and this is 1.6 g / g.
By granulating so as to obtain cc, a high-strength hardened body can be obtained, and a suitable ground improvement material of the present invention can be obtained.
For the granulation for this, the dry granulation density was 1.6 g / cc.
In order to achieve the above, a rolling granulator is preferable, and a spherical and dense granule can be easily obtained.
【００１１】次いで、造粒物は常温で養生される。無
論、養生は蒸気養生、オートクレーブ養生、炭酸化養生
等の特別な養生も可能であるが、本来、廃棄物である流
動床灰の利用に当たって、特別な処理を加えることは得
策でなく、この発明は、前記転動型造粒機の採用、水
量、乾燥造粒密度等を定めることにより、造粒物を野積
み放置するだけの常温養生で、１５０kgf/cm2 以上の強
度を有する地盤改良材とすることができる。因みに、ド
レーン材としては、３０kgf/cm2 以上の強度があれば十
分とされており、この発明は、高品質のドレーン材とす
ることができる。Next, the granules are cured at room temperature. Of course, special curing such as steam curing, autoclave curing, and carbonation curing is also possible for curing, but it is originally not advisable to add special treatment when using fluidized bed ash, which is waste. The ground improvement material having a strength of 150 kgf / cm 2 or more, by adopting the above-mentioned rolling type granulator, determining the amount of water, the dry granulation density, etc., so that the granulated material can be cured at room temperature just to be left in a pile. It can be. Incidentally, it is considered that a drain material having a strength of 30 kgf / cm 2 or more is sufficient, and the present invention can provide a high-quality drain material.
【００１２】[0012]
【実施例】火力発電所の石炭流動層ボイラーから排出さ
れたサイクロン灰及びＥＰ灰を混合した２種類の流動床
灰Ａ、Ｂを用いて、径１０００ｍｍ×深さ２００ｍｍの
パンペレタイザーで、乾燥造粒密度が１．６ｇ／ｃｃ以
上となるように所定の水を加えて造粒し、径１ｍｍ〜１
５ｍｍの造粒物を得た。造粒物を常温で養生（野積み）
し硬化体の圧縮強度を測定した。また、比較例１として
容量５０ｌ、１０００ｒｐｍの高速撹拌混合機、比較例
２として加圧力１００ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2 の圧縮成型機を用
いて硬化体を得、同様に強度を測定した。また、実施例
２及び比較例２の流動床灰Ｂについては、土質試験とし
てＪＩＳ Ａ １２１８に準拠して透水試験を行い、透
水係数を求めた。使用した流動床灰の性状を表１、結果
を表２に示す。尚、乾燥密度は、造粒３０分後に造粒物
を１００℃、２時間、加熱乾燥して求めた値であり、破
砕率は、透水試験における締め固め前後の硬化体の破砕
割合を示す。[Example] Two types of fluidized bed ashes A and B obtained by mixing cyclone ash and EP ash discharged from a coal fluidized bed boiler of a thermal power plant were dried by a pan pelletizer having a diameter of 1000 mm and a depth of 200 mm. A predetermined amount of water is added so that the particle density becomes 1.6 g / cc or more, and granulation is performed.
A 5 mm granulated product was obtained. Curing of granules at room temperature (open pile)
The compression strength of the cured product was measured. Further, a cured product was obtained by using a high-speed stirring mixer having a capacity of 50 l and 1000 rpm as Comparative Example 1 and a compression molding machine having a pressure of 100 kgf / cm 2 as Comparative Example 2, and the strength was measured similarly. For the fluidized bed ash B of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, a water permeability test was performed as a soil test in accordance with JIS A1218, and a water permeability coefficient was obtained. The properties of the fluidized bed ash used are shown in Table 1 and the results are shown in Table 2. The dry density is a value obtained by heating and drying the granulated product at 100 ° C. for 2 hours after granulation for 30 minutes, and the crushing ratio indicates the crushing ratio of the cured product before and after compaction in a water permeability test.
【００１３】[0013]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１４】[0014]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００１５】表２において、性状の異なる２種類の流動
床灰のいずれにおいてもこの発明では、造粒から７日間
の野積養生だけで１５０kgf/cm2 以上の硬化体とするこ
とができ、地盤改良材として十分なものであった。これ
に対し、比較例では、造粒直後の乾燥密度を１．５ｇ／
ｃｃ以下にしかできず、強度も低いものであった。ま
た、この発明では、透水性の優れたものであったが、比
較例では、破砕率が高く、その分、透水性が悪化した。[0015] In Table 2, also in this invention, it is possible to simply Nozumi curing from granulation 7 days and 150 kgf / cm 2 or more cured product in either of the two fluidized bed ash with different properties, soil improvement It was enough material. In contrast, in the comparative example, the dry density immediately after granulation was 1.5 g /
cc or less, and the strength was low. In addition, in the present invention, the water permeability was excellent, but in the comparative example, the crushing rate was high, and the water permeability deteriorated accordingly.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の効果】以上説明してきたように、この発明の地
盤改良材は、流動床灰を使用し、特別な添加材、養生な
どを必要とせず、低コストで球状の透水性、強度特性に
優れた地盤改良材とすることができ、今後、発生量が大
幅に増加すると予想される流動床灰の有効利用技術とし
て適用できるものである。尚、主としてドレーン材の適
用について説明したが、この発明の地盤改良材は、強度
特性に優れ、サンドコンパクション材等の、いわゆる
砂、砂利代替の地盤改良材としても好適に使用できるも
のである。As described above, the ground improvement material of the present invention uses fluidized bed ash, does not require any special additives, curing, etc., and has a low cost and a spherical water permeability and strength characteristic. It can be used as an excellent soil improvement material and can be applied as an effective utilization technology of fluidized bed ash, which is expected to greatly increase its generation in the future. Although the application of the drain material has been mainly described, the soil improvement material of the present invention has excellent strength properties and can be suitably used as a ground improvement material for so-called sand or gravel, such as a sand compaction material.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 井上 岳史 広島県広島市中区小町４番33号 中国電力 株式会社内 (72)発明者 川原 旦聖 広島県広島市中区小町４番33号 中電環境 テクノス株式会社内 (72)発明者 二宮 浩行 山口県小野田市大字小野田6276番地 秩父 小野田株式会社中央研究所環境技術開発セ ンター内 (72)発明者 山田 和則 山口県小野田市大字小野田6276番地 秩父 小野田株式会社中央研究所環境技術開発セ ンター内 (72)発明者 和泉 一志 千葉県佐倉市大作２丁目４番２号 秩父小 野田株式会社中央研究所内 (72)発明者 井上 和重 東京都港区西新橋二丁目14番１号 秩父小 野田株式会社資源事業本部内Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Takefumi Inoue 4-33, Komachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima Prefecture Inside Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. (72) Inventor Dansei 4-33, Komachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima Chuden Environmental Technos Co., Ltd. Central Research Institute Environmental Technology Development Center (72) Inventor Kazushi Izumi 2-4-2, Daisaku, Sakura City, Chiba Pref. Chichibu Onoda Central Research Institute Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazushige Inoue Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo No. 14-1, Chichibu Onoda Noda Co., Ltd.
Claims (5)
硬化体としてなることを特徴とする地盤改良材。1. A ground improvement material obtained by adding water to fluidized bed ash and tumbling and granulating to form a spherical hardened material.
る請求項１記載の地盤改良材。2. The ground improvement material according to claim 1, which is used as a drain material.
量部を加え転動造粒した後、常温養生して球状の硬化体
とすることを特徴とする地盤改良材の製造方法。3. A method for producing a ground improvement material, comprising adding 15 to 25 parts by weight of water to 100 parts by weight of fluidized bed ash, subjecting to rolling granulation, and curing at room temperature to obtain a spherical hardened material.
上になるように転動造粒することを特徴とする請求項３
記載の地盤改良材の製造方法。4. Rolling granulation so that the dry density immediately after granulation is 1.6 g / cc or more.
A method for producing the ground improvement material as described above.
徴とする請求項３若しくは４記載の地盤改良材の製造方
法。5. The method for producing a ground improvement material according to claim 3, wherein the ground improvement material is a drain material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4086897A JPH10237855A (en) | 1997-02-25 | 1997-02-25 | Soil improving material and its manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4086897A JPH10237855A (en) | 1997-02-25 | 1997-02-25 | Soil improving material and its manufacture |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10237855A true JPH10237855A (en) | 1998-09-08 |
Family
ID=12592512
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4086897A Pending JPH10237855A (en) | 1997-02-25 | 1997-02-25 | Soil improving material and its manufacture |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH10237855A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007100402A (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-19 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Soil improving particulate matter |
-
1997
- 1997-02-25 JP JP4086897A patent/JPH10237855A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007100402A (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-19 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Soil improving particulate matter |
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