JPH10214019A - Hologram, and method and device for foming hologram - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make a virtual image of an object of representation appear with an extremely simple structure, to facilitate the formation, and to enable easy application to various fields. SOLUTION: This device is provided with a substrate K which presents the virtual image G of the object T of representation by parallax effect and a single light scatter part body C of necessary width which presents one point part of the virtual image G by scattering illumination light and consists of an arc having a radius (r) and a center position O corresponding to the one point part of the representation object T or an arc group having a mean radius (r) and a center position O corresponding to the one point part of the presentation object T. Then many light scatter part bodies C which correspond to respective points of the representation object T including >=2 light scatter parts having different center positions O are provided on a substrate surface Ka of the substrate K. The radius (r) is determined corresponding to, for example, the height H of the one point part of the virtual image G from the substrate surface Ka at a specific position.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional display capable of displaying a three-dimensional image in a space without using special glasses or the like, for example, a three-dimensional picture, a three-dimensional sign, a three-dimensional advertisement, a three-dimensional printing, a window. Holograms that can be used in the field of producing three-dimensional effects such as decoration, wall decoration, lacquered handicraft decorations, car paint decorations, mirror decorations, optical toys, religious tools, packaging decorations, and three-dimensional televisions Related to a creating device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Holography is a typical technique for displaying a three-dimensional image. In this method, first, an object is irradiated with coherent light such as a laser, and the object light scattered from the object and the reference light interfere with each other to record phase information of the light. Next, when this hologram is irradiated with reference light, a wavefront of light equivalent to that of the original real object is reproduced, and an object can be displayed three-dimensionally in space. Such a type is called a Fresnel hologram. Also, by causing the reference light and the object light to interfere from opposite directions, giving wavelength selectivity by Bragg diffraction fringes,
There is a Lippmann (Denisch) hologram that can reproduce a hologram even with white light.

Further, there is a rainbow hologram which can reproduce white light at the cost of restricting object light with a horizontal slit and sacrificing vertical parallax. In addition, a computer calculates the shape of the interference fringes between the object light and the reference light, and draws the interference fringes with an electron beam or the like, thereby realizing a hologram without photographing.
graphy). In addition, as another method of obtaining a natural stereoscopic image without using special glasses, etc., a narrow slit with vertical stripes is arranged in front of the image with binocular parallax in advance, and the left eye is used for the left eye. There is a parallax barrier system in which an image for the right eye is incident on the right eye. In addition, there are integral photography that reproduces a real image through a large number of minute lens arrays such as an insect compound eye, and a lenticular system using a lenticular lens having a kamaboko shape.

[0004]

However, the conventional holography has the following problems. Fresnel holography requires a laser beam for reproduction, and reproduction is inconvenient. Although the rainbow hologram can reproduce white light, the rainbow hologram is reproduced in a rainbow color in the vertical direction of the reproduced image, and thus the reproduced image cannot be made white. Lippmann (Deniysk) holograms can also reproduce white light, but because they are volume holography, they require a thick emulsion in the recording area and require chemical treatment such as development. In such a photographing type holographic technique, it is necessary to photograph an actual three-dimensional object. Therefore, in order to record non-existent objects, it was necessary to create a real model. On the other hand, in a CGH that calculates holography using a computer, a hologram can be realized by designing it in a computer, even if it does not exist, but the spatial resolution of the holographic pattern is degraded with respect to the resolution of the human eye. It was so detailed that it had to do enormous and complex calculations.

The binocular stereoscopic type has the following problems. The parallax barrier method has a problem that an image looks dark because the amount of light is reduced, and a slit-like parallax barrier is obstructive. Further, if the distance between the slits is reduced to eliminate the obstruction, there is a problem that a diffraction phenomenon occurs and it becomes difficult to see. Integral photography requires a lens array in which a large number of microlenses are precisely arranged, and this fabrication has not been technically easy. For this reason, the stereoscopic display created by this method was expensive. The lenticular method has simplified the creation of a lens array by eliminating the vertical parallax of integral photography, but with the movement of the viewpoint,
There is a problem that the image is observed as discrete discontinuities.

In other words, whether holography or binocular stereovision is used, accurate positioning and fine processing have conventionally been required to create a stereoscopic display. For this reason, a device for manufacturing a three-dimensional display is required to have high accuracy and high resolution and is expensive, and it has not been possible to provide a three-dimensional display at low cost. Also, the creation of stereoscopic displays required a high degree of optical knowledge, limiting the general spread of design and simple decoration applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a hologram, a hologram forming method, and a hologram forming apparatus capable of displaying a virtual image to be expressed with an extremely simple structure. With the goal.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the hologram of the present invention uses a parallax effect to express an object T (a triangle drawn on a substrate surface Ka in the figure) as shown in FIG. In the hologram provided with the substrate K on which the virtual image G is exposed, one point of the virtual image G is scattered by the illumination light to be exposed, and the radius r and the center position O (FIG. In the above description, a required arc composed of a group of arcs having an average radius r and a center position O corresponding to one point of the expression target T or a circle having a circle having a triangular shape drawn on the substrate surface Ka. At least two light scattering portions C having different widths of the light scattering portions C having different center positions O
And a large number of light scattering portions C corresponding to each point of the expression target T are provided on the substrate surface Ka of the substrate K. The triangle drawn on the substrate surface Ka in FIG. 1 represents the group of the center position O at the same time as the expression target T.

Here, the parallax effect refers to an effect in which the appearance differs depending on the viewing position, such as when viewed with one eye, when viewed from a distance, or when viewed while moving, as well as when viewed with both eyes. It is a concept that includes. The radius r is determined, for example, in correspondence with the height H of a point of the virtual image G at a specific position from the substrate surface Ka. That is, the height H differs depending on the position at which the virtual image G is viewed, but is a height in a specific viewing direction. Further, the required width of the light scattering unit C is determined to be approximately the resolution in the depth direction for expressing the depth.
About half the resolution is good. Thereby, since the center position O includes two or more light scattering units C different from each other,
Excludes a single light scattering portion, such as a CD (compact disk), whose radius is continuously distributed at one center, for example. Furthermore, since the virtual image is composed of a group of bright spots equal to the pitch of the arc, a smooth virtual image is reproduced by reducing the pitch of the arc. However, since light from adjacent arcs does not need to interfere, the pitch is, for example, 3
Three-dimensional display is possible at about 00 microns. That is, holography can be created with a processing accuracy that is one or two digits lower than that of conventional holography, without requiring fine processing on the order of microns.

Next, the principle of the hologram of the present invention will be described. When light is applied to the light scattering portion alone, the light is scattered by the light scattering portion alone. The lights scattered in the vicinity interfere with each other, and the light is diffracted with a directionality from the light scattering unit alone, with the direction of the plane orthogonal to the arc as the main component (maximum intensity). Although this light has directionality, the light source is white light and the scattering of the circular arc light scattering unit alone is not perfect, so that the light has a distribution spread in a certain angle range. If the light scattering portion alone cannot sufficiently scatter at a low frequency with respect to the wavelength of light, the direction in which the intensity of the scattered radiation is maximized depends on the direction in which light from the light source passes through the transparent substrate and the direction in which the reflection substrate It may be slightly inclined in the direction of reflection,
Basically, the main direction of the radiation due to scattering is the direction of the plane orthogonal to the arc. By irradiating the circular arc with light, all points of the circular arc light scattering unit alone scatter light, and the light scattered at each point is emitted with the above-described directionality. When the eye is placed at a certain position in the space, among the light scattered at various positions of the arc, the positions of the points on the circumference of the arc where the scattered light can be delivered to the eye with the maximum intensity are shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. It is determined as shown in FIG.

FIG. 2 shows the case where the light source and the eye are in the same direction with respect to the center of the arc, the position of the light source: S, the observation position (eye): A, the center of the arc: O, the bright spot on the arc: P1, P
2 shows the positional relationship with 2. Imaginary light source: S1 is a light source considered in the case of a reflective substrate, and is located symmetrically with respect to the substrate with respect to the substrate. Bright point that looks bright on an arc: P1
, P2 are points where the plane containing the triangle AOS1 intersects the arc on the substrate. FIG. 3 shows a case where the light source and the eye are in opposite directions with respect to the center of the arc. As in FIG. 2, the relationship between the locations of the bright spots is the same as the intersection of the plane including the triangle AOS1 and the arc on the substrate. 2 and 3, the case where the substrate reflects light has been described. However, when the substrate is a transparent substrate that transmits light, the same applies when the light source is placed at the position S1. As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, when the eye is moved, the bright spot moves on the arc accordingly. A bright point can shine anywhere on an arc, but only two specific points determined by the above-described triangle appear bright. Even if you look at the arc from various places at the same time, only the place corresponding to that position looks bright. The movement of the luminescent spot is smooth and three-dimensionally natural. The illumination light does not need to be coherent light such as a laser, but may be white light. For example, a light bulb or L
When reproduced with a point light source such as an ED, or collimated light or sunlight, clear observation is possible. Even in the case of a linear fluorescent lamp, clear reproduction is possible when the light source is arranged on a plane perpendicular to the arc. When the color of the illumination light is changed, the color of the luminescent spot also becomes the same color as the illumination light.
It is also possible to reproduce a color stereoscopic image from a primary color light source and three images corresponding to each light source.

Next, the principle of stereoscopic viewing shown in FIG. 2 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the positions of the right eye and the left eye are shifted left and right, so that even on the same arc, the positions of bright spots that appear bright for the right eye and the left eye are different. The diffracted light of the main component enters the plane direction passing through the perpendicular line of the center O of the arc to each eye, and two bright spots are observed on the arc. For example, light diffracted from B and C enters the left eye L, and light diffracted from A and D enters the right eye R. From both eyes, C and D look equivalent to the case where the location of the point F in the space below the substrate is illuminated. Similarly, A and B look equivalent to the case where the location of point E in the space above the substrate is illuminated. In this way, a virtual image of a point can be seen in a space that is not on the substrate surface.

On the other hand, in the case of the positional relationship of FIG.
And the appearance as shown in FIG. In this positional relationship, light reaching the eyes does not pass through the perpendicular to the center O of the arc. Since the intensity of the diffracted light is distributed in a certain angle range,
Although not in the direction of the maximum (the direction passing through the perpendicular line of the center O of the arc), there is a component toward the eyes, whereby a bright spot is observed. When viewed with both eyes, the luminescent spot is observed not obliquely on the O perpendicular to the center of the arc, but obliquely. As described above, depending on the positional relationship of the light sources, there are two kinds of appearances, that is, the appearance shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 and the appearance shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

[0014] Depth (height): h
1 and h2 are proportional to the radius r of the circle, and the depth can be freely set by adjusting the radius. The position of the luminescent spot on the XY plane can be translated by moving the center of the arc on the XY plane. Thus, by adjusting the center and radius of the arc, any one point in the three-dimensional space can be recorded and reproduced. An arbitrary three-dimensional shape can be displayed as a set of points in a three-dimensional space by sampling.

Further, according to the hologram forming method of the present invention, there is provided a hologram forming method for forming a hologram provided with a substrate for displaying a virtual image to be expressed by a parallax effect.
An arc having a point and a radius and a center position corresponding to the point of the object to be expressed while scattering the illumination light at one point of the virtual image, or an average radius and center corresponding to the one point of the object to be expressed Using a single light scattering portion of a required width consisting of a group of arcs having a position, in advance, find the radius and center position of each light scattering portion alone corresponding to each point portion of the above expression target, and obtain each point of the above expression target Each light scattering part corresponding to the part is provided on the substrate surface of the substrate according to the radius and the center position obtained above. In this case, it is effective to set the center position on a pixel of the image to which the expression target has been transferred, and move the center position along the pixel to provide each light scattering unit alone.

More specifically, a hologram creating method for displaying an arbitrary three-dimensional image will be described. As shown in FIG. 8, a cross-sectional image obtained by slicing a three-dimensional image to be displayed on a plane parallel to the XY plane is obtained. For example, a tomographic image of a three-dimensional CT scanner, shape data designed by three-dimensional CAD, or the like may be used as the image. The hologram can transparently display the inside of the three-dimensional object, but when the inside is not displayed in the virtual image, it is only necessary to use only the outline of the cross section as an object to be expressed and not to use the outline on the other side which cannot be hidden behind. The center of the arc is moved to each pixel of the cross-sectional image, and an arc is drawn with a radius proportional to the height in the Z direction. By repeating the same operation on all tomographic planes at a radius corresponding to each height, an arbitrary three-dimensional image can be displayed. All the sections P1 to P4 are placed at the same position on the substrate to be recorded. However, when observing a stereoscopic image in the positional relationship described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, the image is reproduced with the Z-axis greatly inclined. Therefore, P1 to P4 may be arranged while shifting in the Y direction.

Although a method of drawing a circular arc with a constant radius for each fault has been described here, the same applies if the XY coordinates are determined and then the radius is changed. Further, although the angle of the circular arc is drawn at 45 degrees in the left and right directions in the same figure, when it is enlarged to 90 degrees in the left and right directions, the visible range when wrapping around right and left is widened. However, if the arc is 90 degrees or more to the left and right, two bright spots appear on the same arc, and images with opposite depths overlap, which makes it difficult to view a general stereoscopic image. However, if this effect is positively used in a pattern or the like, a three-dimensional pattern with a high visual effect can be created.

Further, the hologram of the present invention has a configuration in which the density of the light scattering portions is different from each other. Alternatively, a required light scattering portion alone among the plurality of light scattering portions alone has a difference in scattering intensity as compared with others. Thereby, light and dark are given to the virtual image. Hereinafter, this principle will be described. In the above description, for the sake of simplicity, the case where the density of the pixel in the cross section is binary has been described.
Depending on the density of the pixel, the center of the arc is slightly shifted within the same pixel (point), and several arcs are drawn. it can. One example is shown in FIG. The position of the sub-pixel is determined within the pixel, and an arc is drawn from the center of the sub-pixel corresponding to the gray value. FIG. 9 shows a case of five gradations. If the size of the sub-pixel is too large, the position of the luminescent spot will be blurred. Therefore, it is better to make the sub-pixel as small as possible, but it is better to adjust the distance between the arcs within the processing limit.

Further, for example, when the single light scattering portion is formed by a flaw formed by a brush or a grindstone, the density of each point is expressed by changing the pressure for pressing the brush or the grindstone against the substrate. Increasing the pressure has the effect of increasing the number of arcs as described above, but also has the effect of deepening and widening the flaw itself. If the scratch itself is sufficiently thin, about the wavelength, light is scattered at sharp edges such as the edge and bottom of the scratch, but if the scratch is wide, it is also scattered by unevenness on the side and bottom of the scratch . That is, by increasing the pressure, the flaw becomes deeper and wider, and the area of the uneven portion increases, so that the density increases. Thus, shading can be realized.
However, if the width of the groove is too large, the spatial coherence deteriorates and the scattered light has no directivity, so it is necessary to adjust the width appropriately. Irregularities in the scratches indicate the temperature of the substrate,
Since the pressure varies depending on the peripheral speed of the brush, the pressure should be adjusted in consideration of these factors.

In the hologram having such a configuration, the substrate is made of a material that generates a light scattering portion when its surface is scratched, and the light scattering portion alone is formed of an arc-shaped scratch formed on the substrate. It is effective. Further, it is effective that the substrate is made of a material whose surface is denatured by heating to generate a light scattering part, and the light scattering part alone is constituted by the denatured part. Further, it is effective that the substrate is made of a material whose surface is exposed to light to generate a light scattering portion, and the light scattering portion alone is constituted by the exposed portion. Furthermore, it is effective that the single light scattering portion of the substrate is configured by attaching and fixing a light scattering portion that can be attached to the substrate. Further, it is effective that a transparent body is used as the substrate, and the light scattering portion alone is formed by providing an opaque portion on the substrate surface. and again,
It is effective that a transparent body coated with an opaque body is used as the substrate, and the light scattering portion alone is formed by removing the opaque body of the substrate and providing a transparent portion.

Further, the apparatus for producing a hologram of the present invention comprises:
A hologram provided with a substrate for displaying a virtual image of an object to be represented by a parallax effect, wherein a point and a center position corresponding to the one point of the object to be expressed are scattered by illuminating light at one point of the virtual image. A circular arc having, or a light scattering portion of a required width composed of a group of circular arcs having an average radius and a center position corresponding to the one point portion of the expression object,
In a hologram creating apparatus for creating a hologram in which a plurality of light scattering portions including two or more single light scattering portions having different center positions and corresponding to each point portion of the expression object are provided on a substrate surface of the substrate, Light scattering part generating means for generating a light scattering part for scattering light on the base surface, and arc driving means for driving the light scattering part generating means in an arc shape about a central axis to provide the light scattering part alone on a substrate And a center axis moving means for moving the center axis according to a corresponding center position. And, if necessary, a configuration is provided that includes a radius changing unit that changes the radius of the light scattering unit generation unit from the central axis. And also, if necessary,
A configuration is provided with scattering intensity varying means for varying the scattering intensity of the light scattering unit alone.

In the hologram producing apparatus having such a configuration, it is effective that the light scattering portion generating means is constituted by a scratching means for scratching the substrate to generate a light scattering portion. In addition, it is effective that the light scattering portion generating means is constituted by a light irradiating means which generates a light scattering portion by a thermal effect of light irradiation. Further, it is effective that the light scattering portion generating means is constituted by a light irradiating means for generating a light scattering portion by a photosensitive effect of light irradiation. Further, it is effective that the light scattering portion generating means is constituted by a light scattering member attaching means for emitting a light scattering member which forms a light scattering portion by adhering to the substrate and adhering and fixing the light scattering member to the substrate. Further, it is effective that the light scattering portion generating means is constituted by an opaque forming means for forming an opaque portion on the surface of a transparent substrate. Further, it is effective that the light scattering portion generating means is constituted by a transparent forming means for removing the opaque body of the substrate having the transparent body covered with the opaque body to provide a transparent portion.

If necessary, the arc driving means may be
It is effective that the light scattering portion generating means is constituted by a rotary motion mechanism for moving the light scattering portion generating means in an arc shape by the rotary motion. Further, it is effective that the center axis moving means is constituted by a pantograph mechanism for tracing a similar original image to be expressed. Furthermore, it is effective that the center axis moving means is provided with a control unit for electrically controlling.

[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A hologram, a hologram forming method and a hologram forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, an embodiment of a hologram will be described. The hologram according to the embodiment of the present invention is, as shown in FIG. 1, a representation target T (a triangle drawn on a substrate surface Ka in the figure) by a parallax effect.
In the hologram provided with the substrate K on which the virtual image G is exposed, one point of the virtual image G is scattered by the illumination light to be exposed, and the radius r and the center position O (FIG. , Or a group of circular arcs having an average radius r and a center position O corresponding to one point of the expression target T, and having a required shape. A light scattering unit C having a width,
A large number of light scattering portions C including two or more light scattering portions C having different center positions O and corresponding to each point of the expression target T are provided on the substrate surface Ka of the substrate K. FIG.
The triangle drawn on the middle substrate surface Ka represents the group of the center position O at the same time as the expression target T. The radius r is, for example,
Height H at a specific position of one point of virtual image G from substrate surface Ka
It is determined corresponding to. That is, the height H differs depending on the position at which the virtual image G is viewed, but is a height in a specific viewing direction. Further, the required width of the light scattering portion C is determined to be about the resolution in the depth direction for expressing the depth, and preferably about half of the resolution.

FIG. 10 shows several more specific embodiments of the hologram. In each example shown in the figures, the light scattering unit C is constituted by an arc, but may be constituted by a group of arcs. The hologram shown in FIG. 10A uses, as the substrate K, a material, for example, a plastic plate, whose surface Ka is scratched to generate a light scattering portion, for example, a plastic plate. A single light scattering portion C is formed on the substrate K. It is composed of arc-shaped scratches. As shown in FIG.
By embedding the flaws with a transparent resin or the like and further finishing the surface with a transparent resin having a different refractive index, a hologram can be created in which no flaws remain on the surface and a three-dimensional image emerges when irradiated with light. A transparent paint having a different refractive index may be applied to the entire surface of the substrate K. However, if the paint having a different refractive index is applied and then shaved off and embedded only in the groove, the surface becomes more beautiful and the reproduced virtual image becomes clearer. In addition, when the scratch itself dissolves due to the solvent of the upper layer paint and the spatial frequency of the unevenness increases, and good scattering cannot be obtained, the substrate K is protected from the solvent before applying the upper layer paint. Preferably, a thin barrier layer is provided. If the groove is formed incorrectly, the hologram may be erased by filling the scratch with a material similar to that of the substrate K. If the substrate is a plastic substrate K, the scratch may be slightly dissolved with a solvent.

The hologram shown in FIG.
A material whose surface is denatured by heating to generate a light scattering portion is used, and a single arc-shaped light scattering portion C is constituted by the denatured portion. For example, when processing light for processing the substrate is condensed by a lens or a mirror and irradiated on the substrate K, the temperature of the irradiated portion increases, and the optical state of the surface of the substrate K or near the surface changes. For example, illumination light for displaying a hologram is scattered due to dissolution, evaporation, oxidation, aggregation, shrinkage, expansion, burnout, and the like. In the case of a transparent substrate, there may be a light scattering portion such as a bubble formed by evaporating a part of the substrate material inside the substrate instead of the surface of the substrate. The processing light is preferably a CO ₂ laser or a YAG laser so as to be easily focused, but is not limited thereto, and may be, for example, a halogen lamp or a xenon lamp.

The hologram shown in FIG.
A material whose surface is exposed to light to generate a light scattering portion is used, and the arc-shaped light scattering portion alone C is constituted by the exposed portion. More specifically, when a photosensitive resin such as a photoresist is applied to the substrate K and exposed by scanning with a laser beam in an arc shape, the solubility in the developing solution is different between the exposed and unexposed portions. When this is developed, unevenness of the photoresist is formed, and light is scattered. When the transparent substrate K is used, if the refractive index of the photoresist is different from that of the substrate K, a light scattering portion can be equivalently realized. Further, the substrate K can be etched using the photoresist as a mask, and the substrate K itself can be processed to be uneven, thereby realizing a light scattering portion. Another example using the photosensitive effect is laser ablation. When the substrate K is made of a resin or the like, when the substrate K is irradiated with ultraviolet light by an excimer laser, the polymer can be cut directly without heat.
When this ablation is applied, sharper fine processing can be performed than when the thermal effect is used, so that it is convenient when a hologram with high resolution is produced.

The hologram shown in FIG.
A light scattering portion is adhered and fixed to the base member. For example, fine powder that scatters light is adhered and fixed to the substrate K in a thin line shape and an arc shape. The fine powder is dispersed in an ultraviolet curable resin, for example, using small glass spheres (several microns in diameter). The ultraviolet-curing resin containing the fine powder is extruded from a nozzle having a diameter of several tens to hundreds of microns, and while being drawn in an arc shape on the surface of the substrate K, is irradiated with ultraviolet rays immediately thereafter to be cured and fixed to the substrate K. This hologram can be provided with a light scattering portion even if it is made of a material having high hardness that does not easily damage the substrate K or a material that is too soft such as cloth or wood, so that the range of the substrate K that can be used is greatly increased. Can be expanded to:
Alternatively, only the ultraviolet curable resin may be drawn first, and then the glass spheres may be discharged from the discharge nozzle and sprinkled.

The hologram shown in FIG.
A transparent body such as glass or plastic is used, and a light-scattering portion C having an arc shape is realized by providing an opaque portion on the substrate K. The opaque portion is provided by, for example, applying an opaque paint or depositing a metal thin film by sputtering or vacuum deposition. To generate an arc pattern, portions other than the arc are removed by photoetching.

The hologram shown in FIG.
In this case, a transparent body such as glass or plastic coated with an opaque body is used, and the arc-shaped light scattering portion C is realized by removing the opaque body of the substrate K and providing a transparent portion. The opaque portion is provided by, for example, applying an opaque paint or depositing a metal thin film by sputtering or vacuum deposition. Next, the opaque paint is peeled off in an arc shape using a knife or a needle. The portion where the paint or thin film remains does not transmit light, the removed portion transmits light, and the transmitted light is scattered by the stripped narrow groove. As another method of generating an arc pattern, the arc portion may be removed by photoetching as described above. Alternatively, a light-scattering portion may be formed by making a thin opaque substrate into an arc-shaped thin hole penetrating the substrate. Light is scattered at the boundary between the substrate and the hole. The hologram manufactured in this way can display a stereoscopic image with good contrast because the illumination light is not directly visible.

Next, a hologram forming method and a hologram forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. Since the hologram creating method is realized by the hologram creating apparatus, it will be described in the description of the operation of the apparatus. First, a hologram creating apparatus according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 to 15 will be described. As shown in FIG. 10A, the hologram created by the hologram creating apparatus uses a material, for example, a plastic plate, as a substrate K, whose surface is scratched to generate a light scattering portion. The unit C is constituted by an arc-shaped flaw formed on the substrate K. This hologram creation device
A light scattering portion generating means for generating a light scattering portion for scattering the illumination light on the substrate surface; and driving the light scattering portion generating means in an arc around the central axis to place the light scattering portion alone on the substrate. An arc driving means 5 provided; a center axis moving means 10 for moving the center axis 6 in accordance with a corresponding center position; a radius variable means 20 for changing a radius r of the light scattering section generating means 1 from the center axis 6; The control unit 30 includes a scattering intensity varying unit 25 for varying the scattering intensity of the scattering unit C, and a control unit 30.

As shown in FIG. 13, the light scattering portion generating means 1 is composed of a needle-like body 2 which scratches the substrate K to generate a light scattering portion. Reference numeral 3 denotes a brush portion, and a large number of needles 2 are implanted in the holder 4. In the embodiment, three brush parts 3 are provided. Thus, a single light scattering portion C composed of a set of arcs having a brush width can be formed on the surface of the substrate K. Needlelike body 2 of brush part 3
It suffices if the substrate K can be scratched to scatter light, and the tip is preferably made of a material harder than the substrate K and has a sharp shape. For example, when the substrate K is a resin or a soft metal, a needle such as tungsten or a molybdenum alloy is used. In the case of hard metal or glass, it is preferable to use ceramic or diamond powder held by metal needles. The brush is easy to use when it is made of a resilient material or combined with a resilient support to adjust the angle of the abrasion fan and to dampen vibration during processing. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the arc driving means 5 extends the rod-shaped center axis 6 and the lower end of the center axis 6 in a direction perpendicular to the center axis 6 so as to slide the holder 4 of the brush part 3. It comprises a slider 7 for holding and an electric motor 8 for rotating the central shaft 6.

The center axis moving means 10 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 5, the XY slide is configured to move the center axis 6 in the XY directions. The XY slide is composed of a pair of slide rods 11 extending in one direction (X direction), a pair of slide rods 11 laid over the pair of slide rods 11, and slide rods 11 slid by a stepping motor (not shown), and an intermediate portion of the slide rod 11. X-direction slider 13 formed on slide shaft 12 orthogonal to
And a Y-direction slider 14 that slides on a slide shaft 12 of an X-direction slider 13 by a stepping motor (not shown) and supports an electric motor 8 via a Z-direction slider 15. Z-direction slider 15
Is formed so that the angle of the central axis 6 with respect to the substrate surface Ka can be adjusted, and by this angle adjustment,
The brush portion 3 can form an arc of a brush width. When the central axis 6 is perpendicular to the substrate surface Ka, a circle is formed on the substrate surface Ka. The Z-direction slider 15 is slidably provided on a vertically extending slider shaft 16 provided on the Y-direction slider 14, and is slid by a stepping motor (not shown) to move the brush unit 3 up and down.

As shown in FIG. 13, the radius changing means 20 is connected to each of the holders 4 to move the holder 4 forward and backward with respect to the slider 7 by expansion and contraction, and
And a brush mechanism 3 which is slidably provided on the center shaft 6 by a motor or the like, not shown, is positioned at an appropriate position, stops the link mechanism 21 at an appropriate position, and moves the brush portion 3 to a predetermined position. It is provided with a stopper 22 for positioning at a radial position, and a spring 23 for constantly urging the stopper 22 upward to urge the stopper 22 via the link mechanism 21 in a direction to reduce the radius r.

Two scattering intensity changing means 25 are provided, and one is constituted by a function of a control means 30 for moving and adjusting the Z-direction slider 15 in the vertical direction (Z direction). Then, the depth of penetration of the needle portion 2 of the brush portion 3 into the substrate K is adjusted. That is, by increasing the pressure, the flaw is deepened and widened, the area of the irregularities is increased, and the density is increased. The other is provided in the control means 30 and has a function of changing the rotation speed of the electric motor 8 and the moving speed of the rotation center to change the density of the arc formed on the substrate surface Ka. . That is, for example, when the rotation speed of the central axis 6 is kept constant, the moving speed of the central axis 6 is changed to adjust the state of light scattering of the abrasion, and to express the gray value of each point. This control electrically controls the current, voltage, and pulse number supplied to the electric motor 8. Alternatively, it may be controlled by a transmission.

If the center of the circular arc is moved while rotating the electric motor 8, the locus of the brush portion 3 is not exactly a circular arc but a distorted circular arc. By rotating, a large number of arcs having a center position similar to the cross-sectional image can be drawn. Since the virtual image is composed of a group of bright spots equal to the pitch of the arc, a fine image is reproduced when the pitch of the arc is reduced. However, diffraction only needs to interfere with the light scattered in the vicinity in one arc abrasion,
Since light from adjacent arcs does not need to interfere with each other, the pitch is, for example, about 300 μm, and a three-dimensional display is possible. In other words, like traditional holography,
It is possible to produce holography with a processing accuracy that is one or two digits less loose, without the necessity of fine processing on the order of microns.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 13, the distance from the rotation center axis 6 to the brush portion 3 (the needle-like body 2)
Let r be the distance to the average point of the width of the set of brushes, L be the displacement of the brush, θ be the angle between the rotation axis 6 and the perpendicular to the substrate K, and δ be the half angle of the sector of the abrasion. It can be obtained in (1). δ = cos ⁻¹ (1−L / (rcos θ sin θ)) (1) Since the sector becomes a semicircle when δ is π / 2, the condition of equation (2) is satisfied. To L = rcos θ sin θ (2) A brush having an appropriate hardness and length is selected, the displacement L of the brush is adjusted by pressure, etc., and the inclination θ of the center axis 6 is also adjusted to set δ to a desired value. Angle can be set. When δ is increased, the range in which the luminescent spot moves is widened, so that the viewing range of stereoscopic vision can be increased. If δ is set to π and the arc is made to be the entire circumference, two reproduced images are reproduced on the near side and the back side. The use of a resilient brush or the like is effective in terms of maintaining stable contact because the actual substrate K has irregularities and undulations. The brush portion 3 may have one or a plurality of needle-like bodies 2. However, in the case where a plurality of the needle-like bodies 2 are provided, if the radius from the center of rotation is too large, the reproduced image is proportional to the radius. Since the depth varies, an image having a thickness in the depth direction is generated.
However, since the number of scattering grooves that can be generated per rotation increases, there is an advantage that the production efficiency is improved.

The control means 30 obtains the radius r of the arc of each light scattering portion C corresponding to each point to be expressed, the center position of the arc and the scattering intensity of the light scattering portion C, and obtains these values. Arc driving means 5, central axis moving means 10, radius varying means 20 based on radius, center position and scattering intensity
And actuates the scattering intensity varying means 25 and is realized by the function of the computer. The information corresponding to each point of the expression target is input by tracing the three-dimensional information of the three-dimensional object with the light pen 31 or the like, for example, as shown in FIG.

Therefore, a hologram is created by the hologram creating apparatus according to this embodiment as follows. FIG. 14 shows an example of the control flow. This flow is for the case of observing with the positional relationship of FIGS. 4 and 5 described above, and similarly, FIG. 15 is for the case of observing with the positional relationship of FIGS. 6 and 7 described above. That is, when the observation is performed as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the depth is shifted in the Y direction. Therefore, if the center of the arc is translated in the Y direction according to the Z coordinate value, the shift can be corrected. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11, first, three-dimensional coordinate data is manually input. The cross-sectional image sliced in advance for each depth is transferred to the three-dimensional image data input unit and placed as a sketch,
The transferred image is traced with the light pen 31. Not a sketch
Of course, the image imagined in the head is also good. The XY coordinates of the tip of the light pen 31 are read in a table. The height direction Z is input, for example, by rotating a dial attached to the light pen 31. Here, the coordinate data is input for each tomogram. However, if the coordinates of the space are read simultaneously by XYZ in a three-dimensional sensor, the input can be made more intuitively. Then, in the control means 30, the coordinate data thus input is converted into an XYZ control amount and a control amount of the radius R of the arc by the data conversion unit. Also, by inputting grayscale information for the grayscale, the pressure control amount of the brush unit 3 is reflected in the Z control amount. In this example, the coordinates are collected by a pen-type input device. However, a method may be used in which an image is input for each slice by an image scanner or the like, and depth coordinates of the slice are separately input. Alternatively, scanning with a photodiode may be used to read the grayscale value and the coordinates.

Next, the hologram drawing unit moves the center of the circular arc in accordance with the XYZ control amount, and the circular arc is formed on the substrate K with a radius r.
Engraved on. By irradiating light from the light source, you can continue working interactively while checking the production process.
Specifically, the coordinates of the rotation center axis 6 are moved XY by a stepping motor or the like. The XY movement causes the three-dimensional image to trace pixels at the same cross-section in depth.
Similarly, the brush unit 3 is brought into contact with or separated from the substrate K by raising and lowering the Z direction. Even if this results in a discontinuous trace that cannot be drawn with one stroke, the brush unit 3
Can be moved away from the substrate K,
Does not scratch unnecessary. Further, the length of the arc is adjusted so that θ can be varied. The brush part 3 is rotated by the motor 8 to carve an arc-shaped light scattering groove on the substrate K. The scattering intensity of the light scattering grooves is controlled by controlling the brush portion 3 in the Z direction to adjust the pressure on the substrate K. Since the depth is proportional to the distance between the rotation center and the brush 3, the mechanism of the radius changing means 20 is operated to change the distance between the rotation center and the brush 3. Assuming that the angular velocity of the motor 8 is ω, the velocity in the X direction is Vx, the velocity in the Y direction is Vy, the number of brushes is n, and the pi is π, the density Cx of the grooves in the X direction and the density Cy of the grooves in the Y direction Are respectively Cx = nω / (2πVx) (3) Cy = nω / (2πVy) (4) As for this density, at least the resolution of the human eyes (70 microns at a distance of 500 mm) is sufficient. In practice, a smooth three-dimensional image can be obtained even at about 300 microns.

Next, a hologram forming apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 16 will be described. The hologram created by this hologram creating apparatus is shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), the substrate K is made of a material such as a plastic plate whose surface is scratched to generate a light scattering portion, for example, a plastic plate. It is composed of wounds. The hologram creating apparatus is a manual type as shown in FIG.
The light scattering part generating means 1 is composed of a brush part 3 for changing the radius r by hand. The arc driving means 5 is constituted by an electric motor 8 for rotating a central shaft 6 of the brush section 3.
The center axis moving means 10 is configured by a pantograph mechanism, and the center position of the arc is set on a pixel of the transfer cross-sectional image to be expressed, and the scanning axis 10a of the pantograph mechanism
Is moved along this pixel so that it is traced in a similar manner. By changing the fulcrum of the pantograph, the magnification of the stereoscopic image can be changed.

Next, a hologram forming apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 17 will be described. The hologram created by this hologram creation device is shown in FIG.
As shown in (b), the substrate K is made of a material whose surface is denatured by heating to generate a light scattering part, and a single arc-shaped light scattering part C is composed of the denatured part. In this hologram forming apparatus, as shown in FIG. 17, the light scattering section generating means 40 is constituted by light irradiating means for generating a light scattering section by a thermal effect of light irradiation. The light irradiation unit as the light scattering unit generation unit 40 includes a light source 41 that irradiates processing light, and a scan mirror 43 that reflects the processing light from the light source 41 to the surface of the substrate K via the reflection mirror 42. I have.

The arc driving means 44 includes a scan mirror 43
Is constituted by a mechanism that makes the angle variable. This mechanism is
A holder 47 for holding the scan mirror 43 on the stand 46 so that the scan mirror 43 can be rotated in two axes;
The other end of the stay 48 fixed to the back of the arm 48b is connected to an arm 48b having a predetermined length r1 via a ball joint 48a.
And a drive motor 49 for rotating the arm 48b. The scan mirror 43 is fixed without hindering its normal precession. The radius changing means 50
It is constituted by a screw mechanism for moving a support base 52 supporting the XY stage 51 to which the substrate K is fixed, up and down with respect to the stand 46. The center axis moving means 53 is constituted by, for example, a mechanism for moving the support base 52 in the XY directions. 5
Reference numeral 4 denotes a synchronization control unit that drives the rotation of the motor 49 and the shutter 55 of the light source 41 in synchronization. In order to create a fan-shaped scattering section, the processing light may be turned on and off by synchronizing the rotation of the shutter 55 and the motor 49.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, the substrate K
The radius of the trajectory of the processing light above is r2, the distance between the center of the scan mirror and the substrate K is h2, the length of the rotating stay 1 is r1, the distance between the rotation center of the stay 1 and the center of the scan mirror 43 is h1. Then, it can be expressed by equation (5). r2 = h2 tan (2 tan ^-1 (r1 / h1)) (5) Since the radius is determined by equation (5), the rotating stay 1
By varying the length of r1 or h2, the depth of the image can be adjusted. In particular, changing h2 is proportional to r2, thus simplifying control. Unlike a conventional laser writing apparatus, a vector scan or a raster scan mechanism for scanning an arbitrary pattern is not required. Since the scan pattern only needs to be an arc, it can be easily realized by rotating a mirror or a prism as in this example. When the stereoscopic display device to be manufactured is large, the spatial resolution of the light scattering portion does not need to be very large, and thus the light scattering portion can be provided as a heat damage type using a long wavelength CO ₂ laser or the like. When a small stereoscopic display device is manufactured, a YAG laser having a short wavelength may be used. When the light scattering portion is processed by the thermal effect as described above, since the substrate K is not so limited, it can be processed into a metal, a resin, or the like.

Next, a hologram forming apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. Although not shown, the hologram forming apparatus according to this embodiment forms an arc-shaped light scattering portion C on a substrate K made of a material whose surface is exposed to produce a light scattering portion. Wherein the light-scattering portion generating means is constituted by a light irradiating means for generating a light-scattering portion by a photosensitive effect of light irradiation such as a laser beam. Other configurations can be the same as those of the above-described embodiment using the scan mirror.

A hologram forming apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 18 will be described. This hologram creating apparatus emits an ultraviolet curable resin mixed with fine powder as a light scatterer forming a light scattering portion to a substrate K, and adheres and fixes the same, thereby creating a hologram as shown in FIG. A light scattering unit generating means 60, a tank 61 for storing an ultraviolet curable resin mixed with fine powder,
Pump 62 for sending out ultraviolet curing resin in tank 61
A nozzle 63 for discharging the ultraviolet-curable resin sent from the pump 62 onto the substrate K, and an ultraviolet irradiation for irradiating the ultraviolet-curable resin provided adjacent to the nozzle 63 and discharging on the substrate K with ultraviolet light for curing. And a section 64. The ultraviolet irradiation unit 64 includes a mercury lamp 65, a mirror 66 that reflects the ultraviolet light from the mercury lamp 65, and a lens 67 that collects the reflected ultraviolet light and irradiates the ultraviolet cured resin. Reference numeral 68 denotes a shutter for turning on and off ultraviolet rays. Other configurations are appropriately configured, for example, as in the first embodiment.

Further, an apparatus for producing a hologram according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. Although not shown, this hologram forming apparatus forms an opaque portion on the surface of a transparent substrate K such as glass or plastic, and
An apparatus for producing a hologram as shown in FIG. 0 (e), wherein the light scattering portion generating means is constituted by an opaque forming means. The opaque forming means is composed of, for example, an opaque portion on a transparent substrate, for example, a brush for applying an opaque paint, or a means for depositing and providing a metal thin film by sputtering or vacuum evaporation. Alternatively, a method of removing portions other than the arc by photoetching may be used. Other configurations are appropriately configured, for example, as in the first embodiment.

A hologram forming apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described. Although not particularly shown, this hologram forming apparatus uses a transparent body coated with an opaque body as a substrate, provides a transparent portion on an opaque substrate K, and forms a hologram as shown in FIG. In the apparatus, the light scattering portion generating means is constituted by a transparent forming means for providing a transparent portion by removing an opaque body of the substrate. The transparent forming means is composed of a knife, a needle, or the like for peeling the opaque body. Specifically, a transparent substrate K such as glass or plastic is coated with an opaque paint, or a thin metal film is deposited by sputtering or vacuum deposition. Remove the opaque paint. As another method of generating an arc pattern, the arc portion may be removed by photoetching as in the sixth embodiment.
Further, as a transparent forming means, a thin opaque substrate K may be constituted by a hole forming mechanism for forming a hole which penetrates the substrate thinly in an arc shape.

The method of producing the hologram is not limited to the above-mentioned method. For example, as shown in FIG.
1 may be arranged. This is, for example, a template mask 7 having at least one or more arc patterns 71.
Move 0 in the XY plane. The template mask 70 includes, for example, a portion that blocks light and a portion that transmits light. When this template mask 70 is projected, an arc-shaped pattern is transferred to the substrate K. When the mask 70 and the substrate K are relatively translated and the projection is repeated, a large number of arcs can be recorded on the substrate K. The record may be drawn directly with photoresist, or after recording the pattern with photoresist,
A groove for scattering light may be cut into the substrate K by etching. The template mask 70 may alternatively be a mask having an arcuate hole. When this mask is placed on the substrate K and beaten with fine sand or ions, the surface of the portion of the substrate K below the hole becomes uneven, and a light scattering portion can be formed.

Further, as shown in FIG. 20, a method of drawing an arc by rotating an electron beam by a rotating magnetic field may be used. By the Lorentz force, a force acts on the electron beam in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction, and the electron beam is deflected. When the magnetic field is rotating in a plane orthogonal to the trajectory of the electron beam when there is no magnetic field, the electron beam makes a swing motion.
Then, the trajectory of the electrons colliding with the anode is a circle. If a resist or the like which reacts to the electron beam is provided in this portion, an arc can be recorded. Light is scattered at the portion of the substrate K irradiated with the electron beam.

The substrate K is not limited to the above-described one, and any substrate may be used, and a curved surface may be used. The light scattering unit C is not limited to the one described above. Further, in the hologram creating apparatus of the type that scratches, the light scattering portion generating means is not limited to the above-described one. For example, as shown in FIGS. The number (density) of abrasions may be varied by changing the distance pressed against the substrate K by using the brush part 3 having the plurality of needle-shaped bodies 2 that are cut out. A sharp, resilient tungsten needle or the like is bundled so that the tip is slanted, and is slightly shifted in the radial direction. When the brush is brought closer to the substrate K, the brush contacts the substrate K in order from the brush having the longest length. Since the radii are slightly different, each point becomes a slightly thicker reproduced image in the depth direction. However, if the shift in the radial direction is sufficiently small for one step of the radius, each point is simulated by shading. Can be given. Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 22, the light scattering portion generating means may be configured using a grindstone. in this case,
The use of a grindstone having a limited radius of contact reduces blur in the depth direction.

[0052]

As described above, according to the hologram, the hologram forming method and the hologram forming apparatus of the present invention, a large number of arc-shaped light scattering portions are provided on the substrate surface, and a virtual image to be expressed is formed. Since it can be obtained, the structure is extremely simple as compared with the related art, the production can be facilitated, and it can be easily used in various fields. In addition, for example, a photograph can be taken and etched, or a master can be formed by electrodeposition and a resin can be press-bonded to easily create a duplicate, which is suitable for mass production.

That is, unlike the conventional holography, a laser for generating coherent light for photographing is not required. No chemical treatment such as development or bleaching is required. Also, a hologram can be provided at a low cost because a stereoscopic display can be manufactured without the need for an expensive apparatus having a high spatial resolution, such as an electron beam lithography apparatus or a laser lithography apparatus, as in conventional computer-generated holography. Can be.
Furthermore, since it is not necessary to apply a photosensitive material to the substrate, the hologram can be written on the substrate itself, which is safe for the environment and infants, so that the weather resistance is greatly improved. Since there are fewer restrictions on the substrates for making stereoscopic displays,
You can draw holograms on various products. In addition, since large-sized stereoscopic displays can be manufactured,
It can be applied to the decoration of window glass and wall materials. In addition, since a three-dimensional display can be bidirectionally produced without requiring advanced optical knowledge, various effects such as dissemination in arts and education can be achieved.

Further, when a difference is provided in the density of a large number of light scattering portions alone, or when a difference in the scattering intensity is provided in the single light scattering portion as compared with the others, the virtual image can be made bright and dark,
As a result, there is an effect that the degree of freedom of expression is increased and various expression targets can be handled.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a hologram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the principle of the hologram of the present invention, in which the light source and the eye are in the same direction.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the principle of the hologram of the present invention, in which the light source and the eye are in opposite directions.

FIG. 4 is a view showing the principle of the hologram of the present invention, in which the light source and the eye are in the same direction, and in the case of a reflective substrate.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the principle of the hologram of the present invention, in which the light source and the eye are in the same direction, and is a diagram in the case of a transparent substrate.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the principle of the hologram of the present invention, in which the light source and the eye are in opposite directions, and is a diagram in the case of a reflective substrate.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the hologram of the present invention, in which the light source and the eyes are in opposite directions and a transparent substrate.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing in principle an example of a method for producing a hologram of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a state of a single light scattering portion for displaying the density of a virtual image in the hologram of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) showing examples of a hologram according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a hologram creating apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 12A and 12B are main views showing a hologram creating apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG.
(B) is a front view.

FIGS. 13A and 13B are another main part views showing the hologram creating apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG.
(B) is a front view.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a control procedure of a control unit of the hologram creating apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing another control procedure of the control means of the hologram creating apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

16A and 16B are diagrams showing a hologram creating apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 16A is a plan view and FIG. 16B is a front view.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing an apparatus for producing a hologram according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a hologram creating apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing another example of the method of producing a hologram according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing another example of the method of producing a hologram according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing another example of the light scattering unit generation means of the hologram creation device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
(A) is a top view, (b) is a figure showing the effect | action.

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing another example of the light scattering unit generation means of the hologram creation device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
(A) is a diagram showing an example in which a whetstone is provided on the entire outer periphery of a desk,
(B) is a figure which shows the example which provided the grindstone partially in the outer periphery of the desk.

[Explanation of symbols]

 K substrate Ka substrate surface T object to be represented G virtual image r radius H height O center C light scattering unit alone 1 light scattering unit generation unit 2 needle-shaped body 3 brush unit 5 arc driving unit 6 center axis 10 center axis moving unit 20 radius variable Means 25 Scattering intensity variable means 30 Control means 40 Light scattering section generating means 44 Arc driving means 50 Radius variable means 53 Center axis moving means 60 Light scattering section generating means 70 Model mask

Claims (23)

[Claims] 1. A hologram provided with a substrate for displaying a virtual image of an object to be expressed by a parallax effect, wherein a point of the virtual image is expressed by scattering illumination light, and a radius and a radius corresponding to the point of the object to be expressed are provided. An arc having a center position, or a single light scattering portion of a required width composed of a group of arcs having an average radius and a center position corresponding to one point portion of the expression target, and two or more lights having different center positions A hologram, wherein a large number of light scattering portions alone including a scattering portion alone and corresponding to each point portion of the expression object are provided on the substrate surface of the substrate. 2. The hologram according to claim 1, wherein a difference is provided in the density of the plurality of light scattering portions. 3. The hologram according to claim 1, wherein a required light scattering portion of the plurality of light scattering portions has a difference in scattering intensity as compared with others. 4. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is made of a material that generates a light scattering portion when the surface is scratched, and the single light scattering portion is constituted by an arc-shaped scratch formed on the substrate. Item 9. The hologram according to item 1, 2, or 3. 5. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is made of a material that generates a light scattering portion when the surface is denatured by heating, and the light scattering portion alone is constituted by the denatured portion. 3. The hologram according to 3. 6. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is made of a material whose surface is exposed to light to generate a light scattering portion, and the light scattering portion alone is constituted by the exposed portion.
Or the hologram according to 3. 7. The hologram according to claim 1, wherein the light scattering portion of the substrate is formed by adhering and fixing a light scattering portion that can be attached to the substrate. 8. The hologram according to claim 1, wherein a transparent body is used as said substrate, and said light scattering portion is constituted by providing an opaque portion on said substrate surface. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a transparent body coated with an opaque body, and the light scattering portion is formed by removing the opaque body of the substrate and providing a transparent portion. Item 9. The hologram according to item 1, 2, or 3. 10. A hologram forming method for forming a hologram having a substrate for displaying a virtual image to be represented by a parallax effect, wherein one point portion of the virtual image is represented by scattering illumination light and the hologram is exposed. Using a circular arc having a radius and a center position corresponding to a single point, or a light scattering unit having a required width consisting of a group of circular arcs having an average radius and a central position corresponding to the single point of the expression object, Determine the radius and center position of each light scattering unit corresponding to each point of the representation object, according to the calculated radius and center position of each light scattering unit corresponding to each point of the expression object, A method for producing a hologram, wherein the method is provided on a substrate surface of the substrate. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the center position is set on a pixel of the image to which the expression target is transferred, and the light scattering unit is provided by moving the center position along the pixel.
0. A method for producing a hologram according to item 0. 12. A hologram provided with a substrate for displaying a virtual image of an object to be expressed by a parallax effect, wherein one point of the virtual image is expressed by scattering illumination light and corresponds to one point of the object to be expressed. An arc having a radius and a center position, or a light scattering unit having a required width consisting of a group of arcs having an average radius and a center position corresponding to one point portion of the expression target, and having two or more different center positions In a hologram creating apparatus for creating a hologram in which a large number of light scattering portions corresponding to each point portion of the expression object are provided on the substrate surface of the substrate, the light scattering portion scatters illumination light. A light scattering part generating means for generating the light scattering part on the substrate surface, an arc driving means for driving the light scattering part generating means in an arc around the central axis and providing the light scattering part alone on the substrate, and the central axis Correspondence Hologram producing apparatus is characterized in that a central axis moving means for moving in accordance with the central position that. 13. The hologram creating apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a radius changing means for changing a radius from a central axis of said light scattering section generating means. 14. The hologram creating apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a scattering intensity varying means for varying a scattering intensity of the light scattering portion alone. 15. The hologram forming apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said light scattering portion generating means is constituted by a scratching means for scratching a substrate to generate a light scattering portion. 16. The light-scattering part generating means is constituted by light-irradiating means for generating a light-scattering part by a thermal effect of light irradiation.
An apparatus for producing the hologram described in the above. 17. The light-scattering part generating means is constituted by light-irradiating means for generating a light-scattering part by a photosensitive effect of light irradiation.
An apparatus for producing the hologram described in the above. 18. The light-scattering part generating means is constituted by a light-scattering body attaching means for emitting a light-scattering body which forms a light-scattering part by adhering to the substrate and adhering and fixing it to the substrate. The hologram creation device according to claim 12, 13 or 14, 19. The hologram making device according to claim 12, wherein said light scattering portion generating means is constituted by an opaque forming means for forming an opaque portion on a surface of a transparent substrate. apparatus. 20. The light-scattering portion generating means is constituted by a transparent forming means for removing a opaque body of a substrate having a transparent body coated with an opaque body to provide a transparent portion. Or a hologram forming apparatus according to 14. 21. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said arc driving means is constituted by a rotary motion mechanism for moving said light scattering section generating means in an arc shape by a rotary motion.
An apparatus for producing the hologram described in the above. 22. The hologram creating apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said center axis moving means is constituted by a pantograph mechanism for tracing a similar original image to be expressed. 23. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said center axis moving means is provided with a control section for controlling electrically.
15. The hologram producing apparatus according to 2, 13, or 14.