JPH10192393A - Detection of blood leakage of blood dialysis apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a blood leakage detection method capable of surely detecting the blood leakage into the dialyzate of a blood dialysis apparatus even if a high-sensitivity blood leakage detector is not used. SOLUTION: In the method for detecting the blood leaking into the dialyzate through the defect part, etc., of a semipermeable membrane 1a from the dialyzer 1 of the blood dialysis apparatus, a blood leakage detector 9 is arranged in a drainage circuit 6 for the dialyzate from the dialyzer 1 and the blood leakage in the dialyzate is detected in the state of decreasing the flow rate of the dialyzate flowing the drainage circuit 6 by regulating a liquid feed pump 5, a liquid drain pump 7 and a liquid removing pump 8.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for detecting blood leaking into a dialysate from a dialyzer of a hemodialysis machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In hemodialysis treatment, blood extracted from a patient's artery by a blood pump is sent to a dialyzer of a dialyzer through an arterial blood circuit, and the blood is required to come into contact with the dialysate through a semipermeable membrane. This is a treatment method in which purified blood is returned from a dialyzer to a patient's vein through a venous blood circuit after a substance exchange.

[0003] In hemodialysis treatment, blood may leak into the dialysate due to a defect or breakage of the semi-permeable membrane of the dialyzer which makes contact between the blood and the dialysate. If this blood leak is left unattended, there is a danger of a serious accident involving human life. Therefore, it is important to reliably detect the blood leak and take appropriate measures.

As a device for detecting a blood leak in such a hemodialysis device, several blood leak detecting devices have already been marketed, and for example, an optical leak detecting device described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-11864 and the like. Detecting device,
An electrical detection device disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 60 is known.

[0005]

When such a blood leakage detecting device is arranged in a drainage circuit for draining dialysate from a dialyzer of a hemodialysis device to detect blood leakage in the dialyzer, the blood leakage detecting device may be used during dialysis treatment. Since the amount of blood leaked is usually very small with respect to the flow rate of the dialysate, its detection is extremely difficult.

That is, in the hemodialysis treatment, the flow rate of the dialysate is generally about 400 to 500 ml / min, whereas the blood leakage is usually very small, about several ml.
For this reason, the dialysate guided to the blood leak detector is in a state in which a very small amount of blood leak is diluted with a large amount of dialysate, so a highly sensitive blood leak detector is required, and a highly sensitive blood leak detector is required. , The influence of disturbance factors (electrical noise, changes in ambient temperature, etc.) is more liable to cause malfunctions.

The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional situation,
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting blood leakage in a hemodialysis apparatus, which can reliably detect blood leakage in a dialysate without using a highly sensitive blood leakage detector.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for detecting a blood leak in a hemodialysis apparatus, comprising the steps of: A method for detecting blood leaking into
A blood leak detector is disposed in a circuit for draining dialysate from a dialyzer, and blood leakage in the dialysate is detected with the flow rate of dialysate flowing through the drainage circuit reduced.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The blood leakage detection method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In a general hemodialysis machine,
As shown in FIG. 1, blood extracted from a patient's artery by a blood pump (not shown) is sent to a dialyzer 1 through an arterial blood circuit 2, and dialysate is passed through a liquid sending circuit 4 by a liquid sending pump 5. To the dialyzer 1
The blood and the dialysate are brought into contact via the semipermeable membrane 1a.

The purified blood from which wastes have been removed through the semipermeable membrane 1a of the dialyzer 1 is returned from the dialyzer 1 to the vein of the patient through the venous blood circuit 3. On the other hand, the dialysate which has taken in wastes from blood by the dialyzer 1 is discharged by the drainage pump 7. still,
A water removal pump 8 is arranged in the drainage circuit 6 in parallel with the drainage pump 7 to remove excess water in the blood.

In the present invention, a blood leak detector 9 is provided in the drainage circuit 6 of such a hemodialysis apparatus. Blood leak detector 9
May be a known optical detector or an electrical detector as long as it can be incorporated in the dialysate drain circuit 6. Preferably, an electrode provided in the cell is used to generate electricity due to blood contamination. An electrical blood leak detector that detects changes in conductivity is used. The blood leak detector 9 is provided with a signal processing unit 10 having a computer for processing the signal, and an output unit 11 for displaying or outputting the processed detection result.

When the semipermeable membrane 1a in the dialyzer 1 is damaged or damaged, blood leaks to the dialysate through the portion. However, in normal cases, the amount of leaked blood is several meters.
Since it is mixed and diluted with a dialysate flowing at a flow rate of about 400 to 500 ml / min, it has been extremely difficult to reliably detect blood leakage in the dialysate drain circuit 6 conventionally. Was.

In the present invention, when detecting blood leakage, the liquid feeding pump 5 is decelerated and the drainage pump 7 is decelerated, or the liquid feeding pump 5 and the drainage pump 7 are stopped or decelerated and the water removal pump is removed. By operating 8, the flow rate of the dialysate conveyed to the blood leak detector 9 through the drainage circuit 6 is reduced. Thus, the effect of diluting the blood leak with the dialysate is reduced, and the blood leak is detected while being kept at a high concentration.

This blood leak detection operation can be performed anytime and any number of times during the dialysis treatment because the flow rate of the dialysate may be temporarily reduced. The flow rate of the dialysate flowing through the drainage circuit 6 and introduced into the blood leak detector 9 depends on the sensitivity of the blood leak detector, but is about 1/5 to 1/250 of the flow rate during normal dialysis. Specifically, 1.5 to
The flow rate is preferably about 100 ml / min. still,
Since a normal hemodialysis machine maintains the pressure balance between blood and dialysate, no pressure change occurs in the blood circuit even when the flow rate of dialysate changes.

In practice, the hemodialysis apparatus described above and shown in FIG.
A test for detecting blood leakage was performed by causing blood leakage at ml / min. That is, during the normal dialysis treatment, the dialysate is flowed at a flow rate of 500 ml. During that time, the supply pump 5 and the discharge pump 7 are both stopped to stop the supply of the dialysate, and only the water removal pump 8 is turned on at 2 ml / min. By operating at the flow rate, the dialysate was guided from the dialyzer 1 through the drainage circuit 6 to the blood leak detector 9 to detect blood leak.

As a result, the dialysis solution is 500 m
When the detection is performed while flowing at a flow rate of 1 / min, the dilution ratio of blood leakage is 1/500, and the normal electric blood leakage detector 9 is used.
However, according to the method of the present invention, the dilution ratio was only 1/2, and the blood concentration was 250 times that of the conventional method, so that detection was possible with very high sensitivity.

[0017]

According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the dilution ratio of blood leakage in a dialysate, and to reliably prevent blood leakage into a dialysate without using a highly sensitive blood leakage detector. Can be detected.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing a specific example of a hemodialysis apparatus provided with a blood leak detector for carrying out the method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 dialyzer 1a semipermeable membrane 2 arterial blood circuit 3 venous blood circuit 4 liquid feeding circuit 5 liquid feeding pump 6 drainage circuit 7 drainage pump 8 water removal pump 9 blood leak detector 10 signal processing unit 11 output unit

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for detecting blood leaking into a dialysate from a dialyzer of a hemodialysis apparatus through a defective portion or a damaged portion of a semipermeable membrane, wherein a blood leak detector is provided in a circuit for draining the dialysate from the dialyzer. A blood leakage detection method comprising: arranging a blood flow in a dialysate while reducing a flow rate of the dialysate flowing through a drainage circuit.