JPH10148610A - Method for measuring number of particles in liquid, and method for operating ultrafiltration membrane module utilizing the same - Google Patents
Method for measuring number of particles in liquid, and method for operating ultrafiltration membrane module utilizing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10148610A JPH10148610A JP8323531A JP32353196A JPH10148610A JP H10148610 A JPH10148610 A JP H10148610A JP 8323531 A JP8323531 A JP 8323531A JP 32353196 A JP32353196 A JP 32353196A JP H10148610 A JPH10148610 A JP H10148610A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fine particles
- turbidity
- liquid
- raw water
- ultrafiltration membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、液中の微粒子数
を計測する方法及びその方法を利用した限外ろ過膜モジ
ュールの運転方法に属する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for measuring the number of fine particles in a liquid and a method for operating an ultrafiltration membrane module using the method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】限外ろ過膜モジュールの運転において、
処理原水中の０．４μｍ前後の微粒子が膜の目詰まりに
影響を与えることが知られている。これはケークろ過理
論でも確認されている。従って、限外ろ過膜の汚染を防
止するためには、処理原水中の微粒子数を計り、ケーク
ろ過理論などにより膜寿命や膜汚染を推測する必要があ
る。2. Description of the Related Art In operation of an ultrafiltration membrane module,
It is known that fine particles of about 0.4 μm in raw water for treatment affect clogging of a film. This has been confirmed in cake filtration theory. Therefore, in order to prevent the ultrafiltration membrane from being contaminated, it is necessary to measure the number of fine particles in the raw water to be treated and to estimate the membrane life and membrane contamination by cake filtration theory or the like.
【０００３】従来、液中の微粒子の計数手段として、直
接検視法及びパーティクルカウンターによる機器分析法
の２つが知られていた。直接検視法は、分離粒径０．２
μｍの精密ろ過膜（ＭＦ）に限外ろ過膜の処理原水を通
し、顕微鏡視野下でＭＦの膜面に捕捉された微粒子を計
数する方法である。パーティクルカウンターによる機器
分析法は、例えば現在市販のレーザー散乱式の場合、処
理原水にレーザーを照射し、一定長さのレーザー光線上
の微粒子数を数える方法である。Conventionally, two methods of counting fine particles in a liquid have been known: a direct visual inspection method and an instrumental analysis method using a particle counter. The direct autopsy method has a particle size of 0.2
This is a method in which raw water treated with an ultrafiltration membrane is passed through a microfiltration microfiltration membrane (MF) to count fine particles trapped on the MF membrane surface under a microscope visual field. An instrumental analysis method using a particle counter is a method in which, for example, in the case of a currently commercially available laser scattering system, a laser beam is irradiated on raw water to be treated, and the number of fine particles on a laser beam having a certain length is counted.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、直接検視法
は、バッチサンプリングによる分析であるから、そのサ
ンプリングした時点での原水性状しか把握できない。即
ち、サンプリングしていないときに生ずる変動や非定常
的な変動を把握することはできない。従って、サンプリ
ングした水の性状が良好でも、急激に限外ろ過膜の処理
性能が劣化する場合がある。また、直接検視法は作業者
の熟練度を要する。However, since the direct autopsy method is an analysis based on batch sampling, only the raw water state at the time of sampling can be grasped. That is, it is not possible to grasp the fluctuation or the non-stationary fluctuation that occurs when sampling is not performed. Therefore, even if the properties of the sampled water are good, the treatment performance of the ultrafiltration membrane may suddenly deteriorate. In addition, the direct autopsy method requires the skill of an operator.
【０００５】他方、レーザー散乱式のパーティクルカウ
ンターでは４×１０3個／ｍｌ程度が測定個数の上限で
ある。これ以上微粒子の多い原水サンプルを分析して
も、重複して検出したり実際と異なるサイズとして検出
されるなど精度に信頼性が無くなることが分かってい
る。従って、微粒子数の多い原水、例えば水道水（微粒
子数＝１０4−１０5個／ｍｌ）の場合、サンプリングし
た後、微粒子のほとんど含まれない超純水で希釈して分
析する必要があった。On the other hand, in a laser scattering type particle counter, about 4 × 10 3 / ml is the upper limit of the number of measurement. It has been found that even when a raw water sample containing more fine particles is analyzed, the accuracy is not reliable, for example, detection is performed repeatedly or as a size different from the actual size. Therefore, in the case of raw water having a large number of fine particles, for example, tap water (the number of fine particles = 10 4 -10 5 / ml), after sampling, it is necessary to dilute with ultrapure water containing almost no fine particles for analysis. .
【０００６】更に、上記２つの方法ではいずれもリアル
タイムで精度の良い分析は不可能乃至困難であるから、
原水の予測できない性状変化などにより、限外ろ過膜が
酷く汚れて、多大の負荷が加わり、洗浄しても性能が回
復しない状態、あるいは膜破損に至ることがあった。[0006] Further, in both of the above two methods, it is impossible or difficult to perform accurate analysis in real time.
The ultrafiltration membrane was severely contaminated due to an unpredictable change in properties of the raw water, and a large load was applied. In some cases, the performance did not recover even after washing, or the membrane was damaged.
【０００７】この発明は、これらの課題を解決するため
になされたもので、その一つの目的は従来方法と全く相
違する微粒子数計測方法を提供することである。他の目
的は、限外ろ過膜に供給される原水性状を連続的に管理
し安定した運転を行うことにある。The present invention has been made to solve these problems, and one object of the present invention is to provide a method for counting the number of fine particles which is completely different from the conventional method. Another object is to continuously control the raw water state supplied to the ultrafiltration membrane and perform a stable operation.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成する微粒
子数計測方法は、液中の微粒子数をその液体の濁度に基
づいて計測することを特徴とする。これは、液中の微粒
子数と高感度濁度計によって測定される濁度に相関関係
があるという発明者らの知見に基づく。この相関関係
は、微粒子数が既知の液体の濁度を測定することにより
容易に求めることができ、図１のように対数グラフで表
すことができる。従って、微粒子数が未知の液体の濁度
を測定し、その濁度に対応する微粒子数の値をもって液
中の微粒子数であると決定できる。濁度の測定手段は限
定されないが、光学的手段を採用することができるの
で、この方法によれば、液体が静水でも流水でも計測で
きる。A method for counting the number of fine particles for achieving the above object is characterized in that the number of fine particles in a liquid is measured based on the turbidity of the liquid. This is based on the inventors' finding that there is a correlation between the number of fine particles in the liquid and the turbidity measured by a high-sensitivity turbidimeter. This correlation can be easily obtained by measuring the turbidity of a liquid having a known number of fine particles, and can be represented by a logarithmic graph as shown in FIG. Therefore, the turbidity of a liquid whose number of fine particles is unknown is measured, and the value of the number of fine particles corresponding to the turbidity can be determined as the number of fine particles in the liquid. The means for measuring the turbidity is not limited, but an optical means can be employed. Therefore, according to this method, it is possible to measure whether the liquid is still water or flowing water.
【０００９】上記目的を達成する限外ろ過膜モジュール
の運転方法は、限外ろ過膜モジュール装置において、運
転中に原水濁度を管理することを特徴とする。この方法
によれば、原水供給ラインに濁度計を配置するだけで、
微粒子数を計測することができる。特に管理をオンライ
ンで行うときは、原水性状の変化に即応して微粒子数を
リアルタイムで計測することができる。A method of operating an ultrafiltration membrane module that achieves the above object is characterized in that in an ultrafiltration membrane module device, raw water turbidity is managed during operation. According to this method, simply placing a turbidity meter in the raw water supply line,
The number of fine particles can be measured. In particular, when the management is performed online, the number of fine particles can be measured in real time in response to a change in the raw water state.
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例】下記の仕様の水処理装置を準備し、イオン交
換樹脂の透過側と限外ろ過膜モジュールの供給側を連結
して、下記の条件で運転し、一定時間経過後にイオン交
換樹脂を再生した。運転中、定期的に原水をサンプリン
グし、濁度計で濁度を測定し、モニターに表示した。EXAMPLE A water treatment apparatus having the following specifications was prepared, the permeation side of the ion exchange resin was connected to the supply side of the ultrafiltration membrane module, and the operation was carried out under the following conditions. Replayed. During operation, raw water was sampled periodically, turbidity was measured with a turbidity meter, and displayed on a monitor.
【００１１】［装置の仕様］ イオン交換樹脂：再生式ミックスベッドイオン交換樹脂 限外ろ過膜モジュール：キャピラリー型（日東電工株式
会社製 NTU-3050-C3H） 濁度計：ハック（ＨＡＣＨ）社製低レンジ濁度計Ｒａｔ
ｉｏ／ＸＲ[Specifications of Apparatus] Ion exchange resin: Regeneration type mixed bed ion exchange resin Ultrafiltration membrane module: Capillary type (NTU-3050-C3H manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) Turbidity meter: Low manufactured by Hach (HACH) Range turbidity meter Rat
io / XR
【００１２】［限外ろ過膜モジュールの運転条件］ 入口圧力：１Ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 回収率：９０％ 水温：２０℃ 原水：イオン交換水（再生前の微粒子数２×１０4個／
ｍｌ＞０．２μｍ）[Operating conditions of ultrafiltration membrane module] Inlet pressure: 1 kg / cm 2 Recovery rate: 90% Water temperature: 20 ° C. Raw water: ion-exchanged water (the number of fine particles before regeneration is 2 × 10 4 particles /
ml> 0.2 μm)
【００１３】その結果、通常０．０２前後であった濁度
がイオン交換樹脂再生直後、放流しているにもかかわら
ず０．０５に増加するとともに、透過水量が低下した。
このときの原水を１００倍に希釈して液中の微粒子数を
パーティクルカウンターで計測したところ、５×１０5
個／ｍｌであった。これは、再生時に脱落したイオン交
換樹脂が限外ろ過膜に付着したことによると考えられ
る。そこで、限外ろ過膜モジュールの透過側を閉、濃縮
側を全開にし、入口流量３ｍ3／ｈで流通させる、いわ
ゆるフラッシングを行った後、運転を再開したところ、
濁度が０．０２前後に復帰するとともに透過水量も回復
した。As a result, the turbidity, which was usually around 0.02, increased to 0.05 immediately after the ion exchange resin was regenerated, despite being discharged, and the amount of permeated water decreased.
When the number of fine particles in the liquid was measured with a particle counter raw water at this time was diluted 100-fold, 5 × 10 5
Pcs / ml. This is considered to be due to the fact that the ion-exchange resin that had fallen off during regeneration adhered to the ultrafiltration membrane. Therefore, the permeation side of the ultrafiltration membrane module was closed, the concentration side was fully opened, and the flow was performed at an inlet flow rate of 3 m 3 / h.
The turbidity returned to around 0.02 and the amount of permeated water also recovered.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の効果】この発明の微粒子計測方法によれば、液
体をサンプリングすることなく、リアルタイムで計測す
ることができる。この発明の限外ろ過膜モジュール運転
方法によれば、作業者の熟練度や原水の微粒子濃度に依
存することなく、原水中の微粒子数を計測することがで
きるので、原水をリアルタイムで精度良く管理し、膜洗
浄あるいはフラッシング等の時期を正確に判断すること
ができる。また、管理をオンラインで行うことにより、
原水の異常な変動に対して、自動停止、自動警告あるい
は運転条件の自動変更などの措置を採りうる。According to the fine particle measuring method of the present invention, the liquid can be measured in real time without sampling. According to the method for operating an ultrafiltration membrane module of the present invention, the number of fine particles in raw water can be measured without depending on the skill of the worker and the concentration of fine particles in raw water, so that raw water can be accurately managed in real time. Then, it is possible to accurately determine the timing of film cleaning or flushing. Also, by managing online,
For abnormal fluctuation of raw water, measures such as automatic stop, automatic warning or automatic change of operating conditions can be taken.
【図１】水中の濁度と微粒子数の相関を示すグラフであ
る。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the correlation between turbidity in water and the number of fine particles.
Claims (3)
て計測することを特徴とする液中の微粒子数計測方法。1. A method for measuring the number of fine particles in a liquid, the method comprising measuring the number of fine particles in the liquid based on the turbidity of the liquid.
中に原水濁度を管理することを特徴とする限外ろ過膜モ
ジュールの運転方法。2. A method for operating an ultrafiltration membrane module in an ultrafiltration membrane module device, wherein raw water turbidity is managed during operation.
に記載の運転方法。3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the management is performed online.
Driving method described in.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8323531A JPH10148610A (en) | 1996-11-18 | 1996-11-18 | Method for measuring number of particles in liquid, and method for operating ultrafiltration membrane module utilizing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8323531A JPH10148610A (en) | 1996-11-18 | 1996-11-18 | Method for measuring number of particles in liquid, and method for operating ultrafiltration membrane module utilizing the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10148610A true JPH10148610A (en) | 1998-06-02 |
Family
ID=18155746
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8323531A Pending JPH10148610A (en) | 1996-11-18 | 1996-11-18 | Method for measuring number of particles in liquid, and method for operating ultrafiltration membrane module utilizing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH10148610A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009222566A (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-10-01 | Metawater Co Ltd | Microorganism measuring method and system |
| CN102221517A (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2011-10-19 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | Ecological desilting diffusion measuring device |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5535250A (en) * | 1978-09-06 | 1980-03-12 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Turbidimeter |
| JPH07203945A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1995-08-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Apparatus for culturing cell of living body |
-
1996
- 1996-11-18 JP JP8323531A patent/JPH10148610A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5535250A (en) * | 1978-09-06 | 1980-03-12 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Turbidimeter |
| JPH07203945A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1995-08-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Apparatus for culturing cell of living body |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009222566A (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-10-01 | Metawater Co Ltd | Microorganism measuring method and system |
| CN102221517A (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2011-10-19 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | Ecological desilting diffusion measuring device |
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