JPH10123535A - Liquid crystal display element and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display element with which the formation of a uniform cell gap is possible and the phase sepn. of liquid crystals and photopolymerizable resins is sufficiently executed. SOLUTION: Adhesive spacers 18 which are respectively adhered to respective substrates 11 are dispersed and arranged between the substrates 11 and 11. Even if the substrates 11, 11 are flexible substrates, the spacing between the substrates is uniformly maintained over the entire part of the substrates, by which the display materials injected between the substrates 11 and 11 are uniformly phase separated to the liquid crystals and the photopolymerizable resins over the entire part of the display part. The phase sepn. of the liquid crystals and the photopolymerizable resins progresses uniformly within the display part and the highpolymer walls consisting of the liquid crystals and the photopolymerizable resins are uniformly formed in the display part.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element used as a flat panel display in a portable information terminal, a television, a personal computer, and the like, and a method of manufacturing the same. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element using a liquid crystal as a display medium and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As one of display modes used for a liquid crystal display, there is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display mode (PDLC) using a composite film of liquid crystal and a polymer resin.
As a conventional example of a liquid crystal display device having a polymer matrix display mode (PMLC), which is an extension of the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display mode, the present applicant has disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
There is one previously proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 301015.

In this polymer matrix display mode,
A display part having a structure different from that of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display mode is formed using a display material substantially similar to that of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal display mode, that is, a mixture of liquid crystal, a photopolymerizable resin, and a photopolymerization initiator. .

That is, a display material containing a liquid crystal, a photopolymerizable resin and a photopolymerization initiator is injected between a pair of substrates arranged opposite to each other, and the substrate is heated to a temperature at which the display material shows an isotropic liquid state. After that, by irradiating the display material with ultraviolet light with the intensity of light in the picture element portion and the non-picture portion, the display material is phase-separated into a liquid crystal and a photopolymerizable resin, and is made of a photopolymerizable resin. A display section in which the liquid crystal is surrounded by the polymer wall is formed between the substrates.

[0005] Here, the liquid crystal is formed in a picture element portion constituted by electrodes, and a polymer wall made of a photopolymerizable resin is formed in a non-picture element portion between the electrodes. The polymer wall is in contact with a pair of substrates constituting the cell, respectively, and serves as a spacer for maintaining a constant substrate gap, that is, a cell gap, and a role of sealing liquid crystal, that is, a role of preventing liquid crystal flow due to external pressure. Fulfill. As the spacer, general plastic beads are used.

In such a polymer matrix display mode, it is known that the uniformity of the cell gap affects the quality of the phase separation state between the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin.
Therefore, in the process of forming cells, how to control the cell gap uniformly has become an important issue.

As a conventional cell gap maintaining method, there are a general non-fixing type in which spacer particles made of plastic or the like are randomly sprayed by a wet or dry method, and a method of forming a spacer as described in JP-A-60-131521. For the purpose of preventing the occurrence of disclination of liquid crystal due to movement, there is a fixed type in which a spacer is formed by a photosensitive resin or the like. Also, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-17472
The cell gap maintaining method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-26106 uses an epoxy resin adhesive particle for strict cell gap management.
The two substrates are joined and pressed against spacer particles, which are basically non-fixed. Recently, with the aim of improving the aperture ratio by removing the spacers at the picture element part, a technique of processing the photosensitive resin into a column shape or a wall shape by photolithography or the like and arranging it outside the picture element part has been studied. I have.

[0008]

Recently, a flexible substrate such as a film substrate tends to be frequently used as a substrate of a liquid crystal display element. It is easy to bend, making it difficult to form a uniform cell gap over the entire substrate.

For this reason, even when the above-described cell gap maintaining method is used, it is difficult to form a uniform cell gap when applied to a liquid crystal display element using a flexible substrate. , The phase separation of the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin cannot proceed uniformly in the display unit,
At present, problems such as lack of polymer walls due to insufficient phase separation have occurred.

It is also known that a cell gap defect due to the smoothness of the substrate surface has an adverse effect on the phase separation state between the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin. This is a particular problem for substrates.

In the structure of the prior art, the impact resistance is inferior.
There is also a problem that it is difficult to apply to a liquid crystal display device having a substrate made of a film of about 0 μm.

The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and a liquid crystal display element capable of obtaining a uniform cell gap even if the substrate is a film substrate or a plastic substrate having a curved surface or an uneven surface. It is an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method thereof.

Another object of the present invention is to improve the impact resistance of a thin glass or plastic or 100 μm thick.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display element which can be applied to a liquid crystal display element having various substrates such as a film having a certain degree, and a method of manufacturing the same.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display element which does not cause display disturbance due to pressing of a pen or the like even when touch keys are integrally mounted, and a method of manufacturing the same.

[0015]

According to the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device having a display portion in which a liquid crystal is surrounded by a polymer wall between at least one of a pair of transparent substrates. In between, particulate adhesive spacers that maintain the substrate spacing and adhere to the respective substrates are dispersedly arranged, thereby achieving the above object.

Preferably, the adhesive spacer is adhered to the pair of substrates by a curing reaction or a light curing reaction.

[0017] Preferably, an input touch key is arranged on at least one of the pair of substrates.

Preferably, the touch key is formed integrally with the substrate.

Further, in the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element of the present invention, a step of forming an electrode and an alignment film on one surface of a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; A step of spraying an adhesive spacer adhered to the substrate by a thermosetting reaction or a photocuring reaction; a step of bonding a pair of substrates with the substrate surface on which the electrodes and the alignment film are formed; and a step of bonding each of the bonded substrates A step of bonding an adhesive spacer to each opposing surface by a thermosetting reaction or a photocuring reaction, and a step of injecting a display material containing at least a liquid crystal between the substrates, a photopolymerizable resin and a photopolymerization initiator,
Phase-separating the display material injected between the substrates into a liquid crystal and a photopolymerizable resin, and forming between the substrates a display portion surrounded by the liquid crystal by a polymer wall made of the photopolymerizable resin. Therefore, the above object is achieved.

Hereinafter, the operation will be described.

According to the above configuration, the adhesive spacers dispersed between the pair of substrates are bonded to the respective substrates. Therefore, even when the substrate is a flexible substrate made of thin glass, plastic, film, or the like, the entire substrate can be used. The substrate interval is kept uniform over the entire range. For this reason, the phase separation between the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin proceeds uniformly in the display section, and the polymer wall composed of the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin is uniformly formed on the display section.

The adhesive spacer and the polymer wall are used for the second step.
Since a heavy impact-resistant structure is obtained, even if the substrate is thin glass, plastic, film, or the like, it can be put to practical use. In addition, even when touch keys for input are integrally mounted on a pair of substrates, display disturbance due to pressing of a pen or the like does not occur.

Further, when the peripheral sealing material for sealing the peripheral portion between the substrates is a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin,
According to the configuration in which the adhesive spacer is bonded to each substrate by a thermosetting reaction or a light curing reaction, the adhesive spacer is bonded to each substrate at the same time as the peripheral sealing material is cured, thereby avoiding an increase in cost due to an increase in the number of processes. Is done.

[0024]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment) FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display element has a liquid crystal cell 10 in which a display section is formed between a pair of substrates 11 arranged opposite to each other. Each substrate 11 is made of thin glass, plastic, film, or the like. Substrates 11, 11
A strip-shaped transparent electrode 12 and an alignment film 13 are sequentially formed on each of the opposed surfaces. Although an insulating film is formed if necessary, it is omitted in the drawings.

The display section formed between the substrates 11, 11
In this structure, the liquid crystal 14 in the form of drops is surrounded by a polymer wall 15 made of a photopolymerizable resin. Here, the liquid crystal 14 is located in the picture element portion. The polymer wall 15 is located in the non-pixel portion, and
They are adhered to the alignment films 13 and 13 formed on the respective opposing surfaces of the first and the first. A peripheral sealing material 16 is provided around the display section between the substrates 11. The peripheral sealing material 16
Here, it is made of a thermosetting resin.

Substrates 11, 1 surrounded by peripheral sealing material 16
The non-fixed normal spacers 17 made of plastic beads and the adhesive spacers 18 are dispersedly arranged between the display units. Adhesive spacer 18
Are particles made of a thermosetting resin corresponding to the fact that the peripheral sealing material 16 is thermosetting.
Are fixed by bonding to alignment films 13 and 13 formed on the respective opposing surfaces.

Next, a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal cell 10 will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.

Transparent electrodes 12 made of ITO are respectively formed on two substrates 11 and 11 made of acrylic plastic by a sputtering method, and processed into a strip shape by a photolithography process. An insulating film (not shown) and an alignment film 13 are formed on each transparent electrode 12 by coating. In addition,
An insulating film may not be necessary. The alignment layer 13 is formed by rubbing the alignment film 13.

Next, the normal spacer 1 is placed on one of the substrates 11.
7 and the adhesive spacers 18 are randomly scattered, and the peripheral sealing material 16 is printed on the other substrate 11. Thereafter, the substrates 11 and 11 are overlapped, and the peripheral sealing material 1 is heated by heating.
6 is cured and the adhesive spacer 18 is attached to the substrate 1.
An empty cell 10 'shown in FIG. 2 is produced by bonding to the cells 1 and 11, respectively. At this time, the substrates 11, 11 are arranged such that the transparent electrodes 12 formed on the respective substrates 11 are orthogonal to each other.
Needless to say, the combination of.

When the empty cell 10 'is manufactured, the display material 19 is injected into the empty cell 10' from a not-shown injection hole by a known vacuum method. As the display material 19, a material in which a liquid crystal, a photopolymerizable resin, and a photopolymerization initiator are uniformly mixed is used. The liquid crystal is for STN (super twisted nematic). When the injection of the display material 19 is completed, the injection hole is sealed with an ultraviolet-curable or visible-light-curable sealing resin.

When the display material 19 is sealed in the empty cell 10 ', as shown in FIG. 3, the cell 10 "is irradiated with light from the light source 30 to remove the display material 19 in the cell 10". By phase-separating the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin, a display section in which the liquid crystal 14 is surrounded by the polymer wall 15 made of the photopolymerizable resin is formed between the substrates 11. Through the above steps,
The liquid crystal cell 10 shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured.

In order to form the liquid crystal 14 in the picture element part and to form the polymer wall 15 made of a photopolymerizable resin in the non-picture element part, it is necessary to give light intensity between the picture element part and the non-picture part. is there. As this method, there are a method of disposing a photomask outside the cell 10 '' and a method of using a color filter. In the method shown in FIG.
An O electrode is used as a mask.

During light irradiation, it is desirable to heat the cell 10 '' until the display material 19 shows an isotropic liquid state.
After the light irradiation, the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin can be phase-separated with high purity by slowly cooling the cell 10 ″ to around room temperature. The molecular wall 15 can be formed.

(Embodiment 2) FIGS. 4 and 5 show Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the present embodiment, an adhesive spacer 1 is used as a spacer between substrates 11 constituting a liquid crystal cell 10.
Embodiment 8 is different from Embodiment 1 in that only 8 is disposed and a normal non-fixed spacer 17 is not disposed. The peripheral sealing material 16 is a photo-curable resin here. In response to the peripheral sealing material 16 being photo-curable, the adhesive spacers 18 are made of plastic beads formed of photo-curing resin, and the alignment films 13, 13 formed on the respective opposing surfaces of the substrates 11, 11.
Are bonded to each other.

When producing the empty cell 10 ', plastic beads are diffused in a photo-curable resin solution, and this solution is printed on one substrate 11 on which the formation of the transparent electrode 12 and the alignment film 13 has been completed. A peripheral sealing material 16 is printed on the other substrate 11. Then, the substrates 11 and 11 are overlapped, the peripheral sealing material 16 is cured by light irradiation, and the photocurable resin solution is cured to adhere the plastic beads to the substrates 11 and 11, respectively. Other steps are the same as those in the first embodiment.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 6 shows Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Is shown. This embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that the touch keys 20 made of two films are arranged on the liquid crystal cell 10 manufactured in the first or second embodiment.

Here, the touch key 20 is attached on a polarizing plate 22 which is superimposed on a phase difference plate 21, and an air layer 23 is provided between the phase difference plate 21 and the surface of the liquid crystal cell 10. ing. The polarizing plate 2 is provided on the back surface of the liquid crystal cell 10.
2 and the reflection plate 24 are bonded together.

(Embodiment 4) FIG. 7 shows Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Is shown. This embodiment is characterized in that the touch keys 20 made of two films are directly attached to the surface of the liquid crystal cell 10,
This is different from the third embodiment. Polarizing plate 2 on touch key 20
2 and the phase difference plate 21 are bonded together. On the back surface of the liquid crystal cell 10, a polarizing plate 22 and a reflecting plate 24 are bonded.

Next, an example of the above embodiment will be described.

(Embodiment 1) Embodiment 1 corresponds to Embodiment 1 shown in FIGS.

A strip-shaped transparent electrode 12 was formed on two substrates 11 and 11 made of an acrylic plastic plate having a thickness of 0.3 mm by ITO, and a rubbed alignment film 13 was formed thereon. On one substrate 11, plastic beads of 6.0 μm as ordinary spacers 17 and thermosetting beads [Trepearl EP-AD3 (trade name of Toray Industries, Inc.)] as adhesive spacers 18 were dry-sprayed. . On the other substrate 11, a peripheral sealing material 16 is provided.
A thermosetting sealing material XN-21S (trade name of Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.) was screen printed.

Thereafter, the two substrates 11, 11 are overlapped, and the thermosetting beads as the adhesive spacers 18 are applied to the substrates 11, 11 by applying pressure with a press device and heating to 140 ° C. for about 2 hours. Attach each,
The thermosetting sealing material as the peripheral sealing material 16 was cured to produce an empty cell 10 '.

When the cell gap of the manufactured empty cell 10 ′ was measured (measured at 30 points), it was found that the cell gap was 6.0 μm ±.
It was 0.03 μm, and it was confirmed that the variation was very small.

A display material 19 in which liquid crystal, a photopolymerizable resin and a photopolymerization initiator are uniformly mixed in the manufactured empty cell 10 '.
Was injected by a vacuum injection method. Chiral agent C for liquid crystal
ZLI-4427 (trade name of Merck) for STN containing an appropriate amount of N, stearyl acrylate R-687 as a photopolymerizable resin, and an ultraviolet light region 3 as a photopolymerization initiator.
Irgacure 651 (trade name of Ciba Geigy) having an absorption wavelength at 65 nm was used.

In order to phase-separate the display material 19 in the empty cell 10 'into a liquid crystal and a photopolymerizable resin, light was applied to the picture element portion and the non-picture portion with light intensity. In order to add light intensity between the picture element part and the non-picture element part, here, as shown in FIG.
I as the transparent electrode 12 that hardly transmits light of 0 nm or less
A TO electrode was used as a mask. An ultra-high pressure mercury lamp is used as the light source 30, and 7 mW at 365 nm in an ultraviolet wavelength region.
Irradiation was carried out at a position corresponding to / cm ² .

During light irradiation, heating was performed until the display material 19 showed an isotropic liquid state. After the light irradiation, the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin are phase-separated with good purity by slowly cooling to around room temperature.
And a polymer wall 15 made of a photopolymerizable resin.
In order to further increase the degree of polymerization cross-linking of the polymer, ultraviolet light was irradiated for a short time at a low intensity.

When the thus prepared liquid crystal cell 10 was observed with a microscope, the liquid crystal 14 was twisted by 240 °. As shown in FIG. 8, the polymer wall 15 was formed in a matrix, had a substantially uniform width over the entire display section, and had almost no chipping due to a cell gap defect. The polymer wall 18 was adhered to the pair of substrates 11, respectively, based on observation with a microscope and light touch with a pen tip.

(Embodiment 2) This embodiment 2 corresponds to FIGS.
This corresponds to the second embodiment shown in FIG.

A transparent electrode 12 and an alignment film 13 were formed on two substrates 11 and 11 made of an acrylic plastic plate having a thickness of 0.3 mm in the same manner as in Example 1. Further, in order to form the adhesive spacer 18, a solution in which 6.0 μm plastic beads are diffused in photosensitive polyimide is prepared, and this solution is used as the transparent electrode 12 and the alignment film 13.
Was printed at a random position on one substrate 11 where the formation of the substrate was completed. For this printing, a metal screen having a hole of about 10 μm was used. Also, on the other substrate 11,
UV curable sealing material TB30 as peripheral sealing material 16
50B (trade name of Three Bond) was screen printed.

The two substrates 11, 11 are superimposed and irradiated with 365 nm UV light at 1500 mj / cm ² in a state where pressure is applied by a press device, whereby the photosensitive polyimide is cured and the plastic beads are removed. ,
11 were bonded to the adhesive spacers 18 and the ultraviolet-curable sealing material was cured.

When the cell gap of the empty cell 10 'thus produced was measured (measured at 30 points),
6.0 μm ± 0.04 μm, and it was confirmed that the variation was very small.

Thereafter, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the empty cell 1
The liquid crystal cell 10 is formed by injecting the display material 19 into the liquid crystal cell 0 'and separating the display material 19 into a liquid crystal and a photopolymerizable resin to form a polymer wall 15 composed of the liquid crystal 14 and the photopolymerizable resin. Was prepared.

When the produced liquid crystal cell 10 was observed with a microscope, the liquid crystal 14 was twisted by 240 °. As shown in FIG. 8, the polymer wall 15 was formed in a matrix, had a substantially uniform width over the entire display section, and had almost no chipping due to a cell gap defect. In addition, it was confirmed from microscopic observation and feeling that the polymer wall 18 was lightly pressed with a pen tip, that the polymer wall 18 was bonded to the pair of substrates 11 and 11, respectively.

(Embodiment 3) Embodiment 3 corresponds to Embodiment 3 shown in FIG.

On the surface of the liquid crystal cell 10 produced in Example 1, a touch key 20 composed of two 0.15 mm films was placed on an air layer 23 with a spacing of 0.1 mm and a retardation plate 21.
And a polarizing plate 22 interposed therebetween. A polarizing plate 22 and a reflecting plate 24 were bonded to the back surface of the liquid crystal cell 10.

When the pen was traced over the touch keys 20 of the manufactured liquid crystal display device with touch keys, no display disturbance was caused by the flow of the liquid crystal caused by the pressing of the pen.

(Embodiment 4) Embodiment 4 corresponds to Embodiment 4 shown in FIG.

The touch keys 20 made of two 0.15 mm films were directly adhered to the surface of the liquid crystal cell 10 prepared in Example 1 with acrylic paste. A polarizing plate 22 and a retardation plate 21 were bonded on the touch key 20, and a polarizing plate 22 and a reflecting plate 24 were bonded on the back surface of the liquid crystal cell 10.

In this liquid crystal display device with touch keys, since the polarizing plate 22 is on the touch keys 20, the reflection is small and the display is clear. Although there was no air layer present in Example 3, there was no display disturbance due to pen pressing, and the display quality was excellent.

Comparative Example A transparent electrode 12 and an alignment film 13 were formed on two substrates 11 and 11 made of an acrylic plastic plate having a thickness of 0.3 mm in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2. Formed. Thereafter, only 6.0 μm plastic beads as a normal spacer 17 were dry-sprayed on one substrate 11. A thermosetting sealing material XN-21S is formed on the other substrate 11 as a peripheral sealing material 16.
(Trade name of Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was screen printed. Then, both substrates 11 and 11 were overlapped, pressure was applied by a press device, and the substrate was heated to 140 ° C. for about 2 hours, thereby producing an empty cell 10 ′.

When the cell gap of the manufactured empty cell 10 ′ was measured (measured at 30 points), it was found to be 6.0 μm ±
As compared with Examples 1 and 2, the error was large and the cell gap was extremely varied.

Thereafter, in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2, a display material 19 is injected into the empty cell 10 ', and the display material 19 is phase-separated into a liquid crystal and a photopolymerizable resin.
And the polymer wall 15 made of a photopolymerizable resin was formed, whereby the liquid crystal cell 10 was produced.

When the display state of the manufactured liquid crystal cell 10 was observed through a polarizing plate while applying a voltage, the threshold value was lower in a portion having a large cell gap than in other portions. Further, when the portion was observed with a microscope, it was confirmed that the polymer wall 15 had poor linearity as shown in FIG. 9 and the phase separation between the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin was not sufficient.

As is clear from the above comparison results, it is understood that the present invention can make the cell gap uniform and sufficiently separate the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin.

[0067]

According to the present invention, the adhesive spacers are dispersedly arranged between the pair of substrates, and the adhesive spacers adhere to the respective substrates, so that the substrates are made of thin glass, plastic, film or the like. Also in the case of a substrate, the cell gap is kept uniform over the entire substrate. For this reason, the phase separation between the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin proceeds uniformly in the display section, and the polymer wall composed of the liquid crystal and the photopolymerizable resin is uniformly formed on the display section.

Further, the adhesive spacer and the polymer wall
Since a heavy impact-resistant structure is obtained, even if the substrate is thin glass, plastic, film, or the like, it can be put to practical use. In addition, even when touch keys for input are integrally mounted on a pair of substrates, display disturbance due to pressing of a pen or the like does not occur. Accordingly, a liquid crystal display device with touch keys having excellent display quality can be realized.

When the adhesive spacer is adhered to each substrate by a heat curing reaction or a light curing reaction, the curing reaction is matched with the peripheral sealing material for sealing the peripheral portion between the substrates, whereby the peripheral sealing material is cured. At the same time, an adhesive spacer is adhered to each substrate. As a result, an increase in cost due to an increase in the number of steps is avoided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an empty cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a light irradiation method for separating a display material into a liquid crystal and a photopolymerizable resin according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an empty cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element showing Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an image diagram showing a state of formation of a normally formed polymer wall.

FIG. 9 is an image diagram showing a formation state of a poorly formed polymer wall.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 10 liquid crystal cell 10 'empty cell 10' 'cell with display material sealed in empty cell 11 substrate 12 transparent electrode 13 alignment film 14 liquid crystal 15 polymer wall 16 peripheral seal material 17 normal spacer 18 adhesive spacer 19 display material DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 Touch key 21 Phase difference plate 22 Polarizer 23 Air layer 24 Reflector 30 Light source

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display element having a display portion in which a liquid crystal is surrounded by a polymer wall between at least one of a pair of transparent substrates, wherein a distance between the substrates is maintained between the pair of substrates, and A liquid crystal display device in which particulate adhesive spacers respectively adhering to each other are dispersed. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive spacer is bonded to the pair of substrates by a thermosetting reaction or a photocuring reaction.
The liquid crystal display device according to the above. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein an input touch key is arranged on at least one of the pair of substrates. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein said touch keys are formed integrally with said substrate. 5. A step of forming an electrode and an alignment film on one surface of a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, and bonding to the substrate by a thermosetting reaction or a photocuring reaction on the alignment film of one of the substrates. Dispersing the adhesive spacer to be formed, bonding the pair of substrates with the substrate surface on which the electrodes and the alignment film are formed inside, and thermally curing the adhesive spacer on each of the opposing surfaces of the bonded substrates. Bonding by a reaction or photo-curing reaction, injecting a display material containing at least a liquid crystal, a photopolymerizable resin and a photopolymerization initiator between the substrates, and photopolymerizing the display material injected between the substrates with the liquid crystal. Forming a display portion between the substrates, wherein the display portion is surrounded by liquid crystal by a polymer wall made of a photopolymerizable resin and is separated into resins.