JPH10122528A - Incineration method of organic waste and incineration device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an incineration method an incineration device capable of processing up to incineration while inhibiting the generation of soot and smoke without selecting organic waste. SOLUTION: While air is being supplied to a sealed vessel 1 which houses organic waste 4, the sealed vessel 1 is heated with a heating section 6 of a heating device, thereby maintaining the temperature in the sealed vessel 1 in the range from 450 deg.C to 650 deg.C and heating indirectly the organic waste 4. Then, the organic waste 4 is gasified without combustion and carbonized and then burnt and incinerated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to organic waste (vegetables, fish, etc.) generated in restaurants, supermarkets and the like.
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for drying and asking meat, soup, rice, noodles, paper, plastic containers, etc.).

[0002]

The garbage discharged from restaurants, supermarkets and the like is composed of various organic wastes such as garbage having a large amount of water such as vegetable scraps and rice, and disposable containers such as plastic containers.

Conventionally, an incinerator is generally used for treating this organic waste. In the process using this incinerator, while adding the combustion air more than twice the theoretical combustion air,
It burns rapidly by applying a combustion temperature of about 700 ° C. or more.

[0004] As a household garbage disposal apparatus, there is a dryer. In this method, the garbage is heated to about 90 ° C. by an electric heater to evaporate water, thereby drying the garbage and reducing the volume to about １ ／. Then, the dried product is used as it is as a fertilizer. Alternatively, the drying facilitates the transport of trash to the treatment plant and facilitates combustion at the treatment plant.

[0005]

However, the combustion method using the above incinerator is not suitable for rapid burning of an extremely watery material such as soup or vegetable waste. vice versa,
When burning plastic, black smoke and dust are easy to come out,
Since the surrounding environment is polluted, measures such as passing through a filter are required. Also, the combustion temperature changes drastically and the maximum is 10
Since the temperature becomes close to 00 ° C., there is a problem that the furnace body is severely damaged.

[0006] Further, since the temperature is high as described above, it is disadvantageous in terms of safety when a layman handles it at a place where organic waste is generated, such as a restaurant, and the target range of each incinerator is generally small. Requires different types of incinerators for garbage and waste plastic, so it is necessary to separate and treat both types of organic waste.

[0007] The above-mentioned dryer is only for garbage and cannot reduce the volume of plastic, and is not intended to treat relatively dry organic waste such as waste plastic. In addition, although the transportation load to the treatment plant and the processing load at the treatment plant are reduced by reducing the volume, the incineration treatment in the incinerator is still required at the treatment plant.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and is an organic waste which can be treated up to incineration without sorting out organic waste and suppressing soot and the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for ashes a product.

[0009]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for ashing organic waste, comprising the steps of: placing an organic waste in a heating vessel; By heating the heating container so that the temperature in the heating container becomes 450 ° C. to 650 ° C., the organic waste in the heating container is dried and carbonized, and continuously incinerated while supplying combustion air. Features.

[0010] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an incinerator for organic waste, a heating vessel for storing the organic waste, an air supply device for supplying air into the heating vessel, and heating the heating vessel. A heating device, a temperature detecting means for measuring the temperature in the heating vessel, and a temperature in the heating vessel from 450 ° C. to 650 ° C. via the heating device based on the temperature in the heating vessel detected by the temperature detecting means. And a controller for controlling the range.

According to the first or second aspect of the present invention, the organic waste in the heating vessel is indirectly heated by heating the heating vessel, and the temperature in the heating vessel is reduced. Since the temperature is controlled to 650 ° C. or lower, paper and plastics having a low water content are gasified without burning and carbonized, and the charcoal is gradually burned to ash by the supplied air without smoke.

[0012] Further, rice and the like having a high water content are dried by evaporating the water at first, and when the rice is dried, carbonization gradually occurs as in the above, and the carbonized material is burned to ash. Here, the temperature setting of the indirect heating is set to 650 ° C. or less because if the temperature is higher than this, there is a risk of burning when carbonizing.

Further, the reason why the temperature is set to 450 ° C. or more is that 450 ° C.
If the amount is less than the above, the garbage may not be carbonized.
When the organic waste contains waste plastic, it is desirable to set the minimum temperature to 620 ° C. or higher. If the temperature is 620 ° C. or higher, most of the waste plastic can be carbonized and ashed (see FIG. 4).

However, waste plastics used as organic wastes are limited depending on the type of business, and some plastics are ashed even at a temperature lower than 620 ° C. Therefore, the minimum temperature is 62 depending on the type of the target waste plastics.
It is also possible to set the temperature lower than 0 ° C.

That is, the thermal decomposition curve of the plastic is shown in FIG.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, if the target waste plastic is, for example, polystyrene or polyethylene, the minimum temperature can be set to about 510 ° C.

Next, an organic waste incinerator according to a third aspect of the present invention is different from the configuration according to the second aspect in that one end is connected to the heating container to discharge gas in the heating container. A gas guide tube is provided, and the other end of the gas guide tube is directed to the heating section of the heating device.

According to the present invention, steam and combustible gas generated before carbonization are supplied to the heating section of the heating device. Thereby, the odor in the water vapor or the combustible gas is decomposed by the flame or heat of the heating unit, and the combustible gas can be used as a part of the heating source.

Next, the organic waste incinerator according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is different from the first or second aspect in that
It is characterized by having a stirring device for stirring the ash in the heating vessel.

As described above, the organic waste is dried → carbonized →
It is not necessary to stir the organic waste at the time of incineration, but when organic waste having a certain shape such as fish is incinerated, it becomes ash in its shape.

In the present invention, by stirring the incinerated organic waste, the original shape of the organic waste is broken, and the volume of the ash in the heating vessel is reduced. This increases the amount of organic waste that can be treated in the heating vessel without removing ash.

The incinerator of the present invention, unlike an incinerator, can control the combustion rate by the supply amount of combustion air, and there is no capacity limitation for the organic waste stored in the container. The next incineration process can be performed while leaving.

[0022]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the ashing device of the present embodiment.

First, a description will be given of the structure. A box-shaped housing 2 is provided so as to cover the outer periphery of a cylindrical heating container 1 with a predetermined space opened, and a heating device, an air supply device and the like are housed in the housing 2. ing.

The heating vessel 1 is a bottomed cylindrical body having an open top, and is made of iron, stainless steel, or the like. A lid 3 is provided at the upper end opening of the heating vessel 1.
By opening, the organic waste 4 can be charged and stored in the heating container 1. A ring-shaped gasket 5 is attached to the lower surface of the lid 3 along its outer periphery, and a groove for fitting the gasket 5 is provided on the upper surface of the opposing housing 2. The grooves ensure predetermined sealing properties.

Below the bottom 1a of the heating vessel 1, there is provided a heating section 6 of a heating device having a ring shape in a top view. The heating section 6 is a gas burner, and heats the bottom 1a of the heating vessel 1 with a flame. The gas supply amount and the combustion air supply amount to the gas burner are controlled by a signal from the controller 9. Reference numeral 7 denotes a gas pipe and constitutes a part of the heating device.

A cylindrical body 8 vertically extends through the center of the bottom 1a of the heating vessel 1. The cylindrical body 8 is connected to the heating vessel 1
Is rotatably supported via a bearing 10 on the bottom 1a of the base member and extends downward. A stirring blade 11 is attached to the upper part of the cylinder 8. The lower portion of the cylindrical body 8 is connected to the rotation shaft of a speed reducer 13 through an endless annular belt 12 and the agitating motor 14 drives the cylindrical body 8 to rotate around the vertical axis. ing. Here, the blade 11, the cylinder 8, the belt 12, the speed reducer 13, the motor 1
4 constitutes a stirring device. In addition, 30 is a bearing.

The air pipe 1 is coaxially arranged in the cylindrical body 8.
5 is arranged, and the front end thereof faces the inside of the heating vessel 1 via the upper portion of the cylindrical body 8. The opening 15a provided at the end of the air pipe 15 into the heating vessel 1 is, for example, 4
Design in several places. The lower end of the air pipe 15 is connected to a compressor 16, and by driving the compressor 16, combustion air can be supplied into the heating vessel 1. Here, the air pipe 15 and the compressor 16
This constitutes an air supply device.

The combustion air supplied by driving the compressor 16 is, for example, lower than the theoretical combustion air amount previously obtained from the capacity of the heating vessel 1 or the like, for example, about one tenth of the theoretical combustion air amount. Set it. This is because if the amount of combustion air is large during carbonization, combustion may occur during carbonization.

As shown in FIG. 2, an annular gas passage 18 is provided on the outer periphery of the upper portion of the heating vessel 1 so as to communicate with the inside of the heating vessel 1 at four locations along the circumferential direction. Opening 18a is opened. A net 19 is attached to the opening to make it difficult for ash to enter the gas passage 18 side.

The upper end of the gas pipe 20 communicates with the annular gas passage 18. The gas line 20 extends downward, and is installed so that its lower end opening 20a faces the heating unit 6 so that the gas blown out from the lower end opening 20a comes into contact with a flame such as a pilot flame of the heating unit 6. Set.

A check valve 21 is interposed in the gas line 20 to prevent gas or flame from flowing back to the gas passage 18. Here, a gas guide tube is constituted by the gas passage 18 and the gas pipe 20.

Further, a temperature sensor 22 constituting a temperature detecting means is provided above the heating vessel 1. The temperature sensor 22 can supply the detected temperature signal to the controller 9. The temperature sensor 22 does not necessarily need to be directly exposed to the inside of the heating vessel 1. For example, the temperature sensor 22 is exposed to the annular gas passage 18 and measures the gas temperature of the annular gas passage 18. The temperature inside the heating container 1 may be determined.

The controller 9 operates when an operation signal is input from an operation switch (not shown), and the controller 16 operates.
In addition to supplying a drive signal to the motor 14 and the stirring motor 14, a lighting signal is supplied to the operation lamp 23, and further, an ignition command is supplied to the heating unit 6 of the heating device. Subsequently, a temperature signal is input from the temperature sensor 22 at a predetermined sampling time unit, and based on the temperature signal, the amount of gas or air supplied to the heating unit 6 so that the temperature inside the heating vessel 1 becomes 620 ° C. Control. Then, after a predetermined time, for example, three hours,
A stop signal is supplied to each of the devices 6, 14, and 16, and a extinction signal is supplied to the operation lamp 23 after a predetermined time has elapsed.

Since the combustion rate can be controlled by the amount of supplied air, the time until incineration can be estimated from the previously set amount of supplied air. A heat insulating material 25 is attached to the inner wall of the housing 2. With this heat insulating material, occurrence of accidents such as burns can be prevented even when an operator comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the housing 2.

An exhaust pipe 26 communicates with a space between the inner wall of the housing 2 and the outer periphery of the heating vessel 1, and one end of the exhaust pipe 26 extends outside the housing 2.
Reference numeral 29 denotes a partition plate, and the heat of the air between the housing 2 and the heating vessel 1 is changed by the heating vessel 1 provided with the temperature sensor 22.
This is to prevent it from coming to the space on the outer peripheral side.

Next, the use of the above-described incinerator will be described. Open the lid 3 and place the organic waste 4 in the heating vessel 1.
, The lid 3 is closed again, and the inside of the heating container 1 is sealed.

When an operation switch (not shown) is turned on in this state, the compressor 16 is operated by a signal from the controller 9 to supply a predetermined amount of air into the heating vessel 1 from the bottom 1a side, The flame 1 heats the bottom 1 a of the heating container 1 and indirectly heats the organic waste 4 in the heating container 1.

At this time, since the temperature in the heating vessel 1 is controlled by the controller 9 so as to be indirectly heated to 650 ° C. or less, the organic waste 4 is made of paper or styrofoam containing less water. If it is only, it immediately gasifies and carbonizes without burning.

In the case of organic wastes 4 such as rice, noodles or vegetable waste having a high water content, or in the case of mixing these with organic wastes 4 having a low water content such as paper, etc. First, drying occurs due to evaporation of water, and after the drying, the organic waste 4 is gasified to be a carbide.

The water vapor generated in the above process is generally accompanied by an odor. The water vapor is discharged to the gas pipe 20 through the opening 18a and the annular gas passage 18, and
The gas is blown out from the opening 20 a of the gas pipe 20 toward the flame of the heating unit 6. Thereby, the odor in the steam is thermally decomposed by the flame. Therefore, the gas discharged to the outside through the exhaust pipe 26 is odorless steam.

Further, the gas at the time of carbonization is also supplied to the opening 18.
a, the gas is discharged into the gas pipeline 20 through the annular gas passage 18, and is blown out from the opening 20 a at the distal end of the gas pipeline 20 toward the flame of the heating unit 6. Since this gas is flammable, it burns when it comes into contact with the flame of the heating unit 6 and is used as a part of the heating source of the heating vessel 1. As a result, fuel costs are saved. Further, since the odor in the gas is thermally decomposed by the combustion, the deodorized gas is discharged to the outside via the exhaust pipe 26.

Subsequently, the carbonized organic exhaust gas is burned very slowly in a smokeless state by the supplied air and ashed. Therefore, generation of dust and black smoke is suppressed. Therefore, no dust or black smoke is emitted from the exhaust stack 26 even during the ashing process.

Here, during each of the above-mentioned treatments, the ash is stirred by rotating the blades 11 of the stirrer, and the shape of the organic waste portion at the time of charging is destroyed. Volume reduction is promoted.

The time until the above-mentioned incineration is completed in about 3 hours, and after 3 hours, the controller 9 supplies a stop signal to the compressor 16, the motor 14, the heating section 6, and the like. Further, after waiting for the temperature inside the heating vessel 1 to drop, a light-off signal is supplied to the operation lamp 23, and the operation lamp 23 is turned off.

By the above treatment, the organic waste 4 becomes
It becomes ash and the volume is reduced to about 1/20. Furthermore, when the organic waste 4 is to be continuously incinerated, the lid 3 is opened, a new organic waste 4 is put in while leaving the ash, the operation switch is turned on, and the above process is repeated. Good.

When a predetermined amount of ash is deposited, the ash is taken out of the heating vessel 1 by sucking out the ash from the heating vessel 1 by a vacuum device or the like. As described above, the charged organic waste 4 is automatically dried, gasified and carbonized, and then slowly incinerated, so that no dust or graphite is generated, and noise and vibration are also reduced. small. Therefore, the device can be effectively used even in an urban area or the like.

Further, since the combustion temperature is as low as 650 ° C. or less at the highest, it is not necessary to use a heat-resistant material for the heating vessel 1 and it is possible to make the heating vessel 1 compact, and unlike an incinerator, up to one full heating vessel. The incineration process can be performed even if 4 is added.

Here, if the target organic waste comes from, for example, a general restaurant, etc., the organic waste 4 is substantially garbage and papers. It is not necessary to control the temperature to 620 ° C.
What is necessary is just 0 degreeC or more.

However, in the case of treating organic wastes 4 such as plastic trash such as styrofoam of family restaurants and the like as garbage, 62
It is preferable to set the temperature to about 0 ° C. to 650 ° C.

This is because a temperature of about 620 ° C. is required to carbonize various plastics. However, depending on the plastic in the organic waste 4, 62
Even if the temperature is set lower than 0 ° C., carbonization occurs. Therefore, when the target plastic is limited, the minimum temperature is set lower than 620 ° C. based on the thermal decomposition curve of the plastic as shown in FIG. It does not matter.

Also, instead of controlling the temperature inside the heating vessel 1 by the controller 9 to be a constant value such as 620 ° C., for example, a constant temperature range such that the temperature is in a range of 500 ° C. to 650 ° C. The temperature may be set and controlled.

In the above embodiment, a heating device using gas as a heating source is exemplified, but a heating device using electricity as a heat source such as an electric heater may be used. In this case, separately prepare an ignition device that emits sparks,
The flammable gas blown out from the gas pipeline 20 is ignited and burned by the spark. However, even if an ignition device is not provided, at least the odor in the steam is thermally decomposed.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the apparatus provided with the stirrer for stirring the ash is exemplified, but the stirrer may not be provided. When the stirrer is not provided, for example, another cylindrical body such as a bucket may be coaxially placed in the heating vessel 1, and the ash may be taken out together with the cylindrical body.

In the above embodiment, the air supply unit is provided at the center of the bottom 1a of the heating vessel 1. However, it is not always necessary to provide the air supply unit at the center of the bottom 1a.
It may be provided below the side wall of the heating vessel 1. The point is that air may be supplied into the organic waste introduced into the heating vessel 1.

In the above-described embodiment, the operation time is set to 3 hours based on the amount of air to be supplied and the capacity of the heating vessel 1, and the completion time of the incineration process is determined by the time. is not.

For example, the incineration completion timing may be obtained by estimating the incineration completion or the like based on a change in the gas flow rate flowing through the gas pipeline 20 after a predetermined time such as one hour has elapsed, and stopping the processing. In addition, even if it is not completely incinerated in one incineration process, it incinerates in the incineration process of the second and subsequent times. It seems that the part that does not ash is small.

Although not described in the above embodiment, a lock mechanism may be provided on the lid 3 so as to prevent the operation lamp 23 from opening while the operation lamp 23 is on. Further, in the incineration process (the process of drying, carbonization, and incineration) by the above-described apparatus, since the ash or the like does not fly in the heating vessel 1, the gas passage 18
It is not always necessary to provide the net 19 in the opening, but the ash may flutter when the ash is discharged from the heating vessel 1. Therefore, the net 19 is attached to the opening. Further, the upper end of the gas pipeline 20 may be arranged in an inverted U-shape so as to prevent ash from entering the gas pipeline 20 from the gas passage 18.

In the above description, the controller 9 controls the indirect heating temperature. However, even if the heating by the heating device is set to be constant, the temperature in the heating vessel 1 is, for example, in the range of 450 ° C. to 650 ° C. For example, if the temperature falls within a predetermined temperature range, the heat control by the controller 9 is not necessarily required.

[0059]

[Embodiment] The results of an actual pot test will be described. Organic waste to be subjected to one incineration treatment was set as follows.

Saury (fish) 150 g, vine purple (vegetable) 2
500 g in total using an electric heater as a heating device.
The pot as a heating container was heated at 6.7 A, and 1.5 (liter / minute) air was supplied to the pot to perform an incineration treatment. At this time, the combustion efficiency was 0.8 (experimental value).

Then, the progress of the temperature in the pot at this time was measured, and the result was as shown in FIG. . This figure 3
During the drying process, the first 30 minutes was the drying process, and it was confirmed that flammable gas began to be generated from about 1 hour and a half.
It was completely incinerated in less than an hour.

In this experiment, temperature control by the controller was not performed, but processing was performed at a maximum temperature of about 580 ° C. Next, it was also confirmed that the treatment could be performed in the same manner even if the treatment was performed under the above treatment conditions continuously from the second to the fourth with the first ash remaining.

That is, it has been confirmed that the predetermined process can be continued with the same process setting even if the process is performed again while leaving the ash generated by the previous process.

[0064]

As described above, by using the organic waste incineration method and incineration apparatus of the present invention, both organic waste having extremely high moisture and organic waste having low moisture can be converted to ash. In addition to being able to burn, there is an effect that generation of dust and black smoke at the time of burning can be suppressed.

Moreover, since the heating is performed at a low temperature, the life of the heating vessel can be improved as compared with the incinerator, and it is not necessary to use a heat-resistant material for the heating vessel. In addition, unlike an incinerator, organic waste can be charged to fill the capacity of the heating vessel to perform the treatment, and the apparatus can be downsized in addition to the low temperature.

At this time, when the invention described in claim 3 is adopted, the odor in the water vapor generated at the time of drying is thermally decomposed, so that the release of water vapor having no odor is suppressed, and the flammable gas is discharged. By using as a part of the heating source, it is also possible to save fuel of the heating device for heating the heating container.

Further, when the invention according to claim 4 is employed, the volume of the ash is reduced by stirring, and the amount of organic waste that can be continuously treated without removing the ash from the heating vessel is increased. There is an effect that can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view for explaining an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a gas passage according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a temperature course during drying, carbonization, and incineration.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a thermal decomposition curve of plastic.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 heating container 2 housing 3 lid 4 organic waste 6 heating unit of heating device 9 controller 11 blade 15 air line 14 motor 16 compressor 18 gas passage 20 gas line 21 check valve 22 temperature sensor 26 exhaust pipe

Claims (4)

[Claims] An organic waste in the heating container is heated by heating the heating container so that the temperature in the heating container becomes 450 ° C. to 650 ° C. An incineration method for organic waste, comprising drying and carbonizing, and incineration while continuously supplying combustion air. 2. A heating container for storing organic waste, an air supply device for supplying air into the heating container, a heating device for heating the heating container, and a temperature detecting means for detecting a temperature in the heating container. And a controller for controlling the temperature in the heating vessel to be in a range of 450 ° C. to 650 ° C. via the heating device based on the temperature in the heating vessel detected by the temperature detecting means. Ashing equipment for things. 3. A gas guide pipe having one end communicating with the heating vessel and discharging gas in the heating vessel, and the other end of the gas guiding pipe is directed to a heating section of the heating device. The organic waste incineration device according to claim 2. 4. The incinerator for organic waste according to claim 1, further comprising a stirrer for stirring the ash in the heating vessel.