JPH10114509A - Hull compact, carbon made from same, activated carbon made from same and their production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a hull compact usable in a new use for hull and activated carbon made from the hull compact by allowing activated carbon made from hull to exhibit gas adsorbing ability and improving the ability. SOLUTION: Hull is finely powdered in a ground state by breaking the org. substance texture of the hull such as cellulose and the siliceous film texture and uniformly mixing fibrous fine powder of the broken org. substance texture with siliceous fine powder of the broken siliceous film texture. The resultant uniform mixture is compacted in a desired shape by gradual pressing and gradual heating to produce the objective hull compact.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a new technique for utilizing rice husks, and more particularly to a technique for finely grinding rice husks in a crushed state. It relates to an improved rice hull molding and its molding method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Techniques for improving the shape of a molded article when continuously shaping waste materials such as sawdust and paper waste into a bar shape (Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-52957) and the outer hull, trunk, and branches of seeds of grasses Technology related to pressure control and temperature control for obtaining solids from the like (JP-B-57-31943)
In both cases, the technique of solidifying (consolidating) the target material is included, but at least both fibrous fine powder and siliceous fine powder are mixed without bias and the fine powder that makes this possible. The flour process is not included at all in any of the techniques and there is no such suggestion.

In other words, these prior arts have a structure in which a rotatable helical rod whose cross-sectional area is also gradually reduced is inserted into a through-hole whose cross-sectional area is gradually reduced.
This is only for a device that has a function to solidify (consolidate) the target material while receiving the pressing force generated by the spiral rod by the inner wall of the through hole. The structure disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-114755 differs from the structure described above in that concave fixed blades are spaced in the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the through hole. Is to obtain considerable heating by frictional heat and to crush from inside tissue (or cells) with explosive expansion due to the heating.

[0004]

For this reason, those produced by the above-mentioned known apparatus are required to exhibit the ability to adsorb low molecular compounds or to improve the ability.
Of course it is difficult. A main object of the present invention is to develop a molded product that can be used for a novel use of rice hulls by demonstrating and improving the ability to adsorb such low molecular compounds, and to provide a molded product and a method for producing a carbide therefor. Thing.

[0005]

The step of pulverizing the rice hulls into a crushed state comprises the steps of destroying each of an organic substance such as cellulose and a siliceous film, and a step of destroying the fibers of the destroyed organic substance. And mixing the siliceous fine powder and the siliceous fine powder of the similarly destructed siliceous layer film structure without unevenness. Further, the step of shaping these into a desired shape comprises the step of mixing the unevenly mixed fibrous material. Manufactured through various steps including a step of gradually pressurizing the fine powder and the siliceous fine powder, a step of gradually heating them, a step of carbonizing the rice hull molded product, and a step of further activating. Rice hull molding.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention focuses on the fact that siliceous substances exhibit excellent low molecular compound adsorption capacity in addition to cellulose and the like contained in rice hulls, and maximizes the adsorption capacity of both. It is a technology that is to be demonstrated and improved. One of the important points in this technology is that when the rice husk is ground into a crushed state, it is not merely a fine powder, but each fine powder of fibrous fine powder and siliceous fine powder is sufficiently obtained. It is a pulverization work that can be done.

One of the other important points is to add an operation for mixing both the fibrous fine powder and the siliceous fine powder without bias. By satisfying these two important tasks, for the first time, in addition to the ability to adsorb low molecular compounds by fibrous fine powder, the ability to adsorb low molecular compounds by siliceous substances is added, and the type region of low molecular compounds to be adsorbed is also increased. It is enlarged by interpolating each other.

[0008] A specific example relating to the production of a molded rice hull will be described with reference to the drawings. Preferred equipment, for example,
Fig. 1 shows the main structure of the device described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 408. The basic mechanism of the special crushing principle in this device is
The concave housing 11 is a female type, and the corresponding convex rotor 12 is a male type. On the inner wall surface of the female type housing 11, 11 right-handed spiral convex portions 13 are provided.
The outer wall surface of the male rotor 12 is provided with four left-handed helical ridges 14, which are made up of powdering means consisting of the respective tops and an appropriate gap between them. .

The details of the mechanism related to the crushing are as follows. The pulverizing means formed at the top of the spiral convex portion 13 of the housing 11 is mainly provided at the outer portion of the rice hull group and the rotor 1
The pulverizing means, which is formed at the top of the helical convex portion 2, mainly acts on the inner part of the rice hull group, while the other housing 1
The pressurizing means constituted by the valleys of the spiral projections 13 is mainly located outside the rice hull group, and the pressurizing means constituted by the valleys of the spiral projections 14 of the rotor 12 is mainly employed. It acts on the inner part of the rice hull group, and gradually moves between the inner wall surface of the housing 11 and the outer wall surface of the rotor 12 due to the movement of the rice hull toward the outlet direction over time and the gradual decrease between the gaps. The synergistic effect of increasing the compressive force on the rice husk itself is a synergistic effect of crushing, crushing, and stirring, and the dynamics of each action over time in the synergistic effect.

Therefore, the rice husks fed from the inlet 15 provided near the maximum diameter portion are forcibly moved from the large diameter side to the gradually decreasing small diameter side. This movement acts not only as an effect of increasing the compressive force on the rice husk itself, but also as a grinding action by the pulverizing means formed at the tops of the spiral projections 13 and 14, and the spiral projections 13, 1
4, crushing action by the pressurizing means composed of valleys,
The powder moves toward the discharge port 16 with the synergistic action of the movement from the pulverizing means to the pressurizing means and, conversely, the stirring action accompanying the movement from the pressurizing means to the pulverizing means. And rice husk fines are produced.

An important point in the above fine powder production operation is that
It is not a simple pulverization, but the following work. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the rice hull has a siliceous layer structure (siliceous) 2 sandwiching an organic matter structure (cellulose or the like) 21 therebetween.
There are 2 and contains 23 rice. Therefore, in this work, first, it is important to disperse each of the fibrous and siliceous parts that are clustered. Therefore, the step of pulverizing the rice hulls into a crushed state is a step of destroying the organic tissue such as cellulose and also destroying the siliceous layer tissue, and the step of fibrous fine powder of the destroyed organic substance and the like. And uniformly mixing both of the siliceous fine powders of the siliceous layer structure.

What is important in the former breaking step is that a molding means (not shown) is provided so as to be connected to the discharge port 16 in FIG. 1 and the passing speed of the fine powder passing through the molding means is adjustable. That is. In other words, by slowing the passing speed, the pressing force on the fine powder itself increases, and the heating temperature due to frictional heat rises. Such action tends to increase the chance of breaking the rice husk itself,
Effective for further miniaturization. Conversely, by increasing the passing speed, the pressing force on the fine powder itself decreases, and the heating temperature due to frictional heat decreases. Such an effect is effective for further coarsening because the chance of breaking the rice husk itself tends to decrease. In any case, the adjustment of the passing speed
The frictional resistance of the fine powder passing through the molding means is increased or decreased by operating the adjustment means (not shown).

What is important in the latter mixing step is that each of the four fine powders discharged from the respective valleys of the helical projections 14 of the rotor 12 is evenly mixed by the molding means (not shown). Is something that can be done. In other words, each of the four fine powders discharged from each valley of the rotor 12 is formed as a molding means having a structure capable of kneading with sufficient pressure. The shaping means may be, for example, a solid or hollow rod-shaped rice hull molded product having a circular or polygonal outer diameter, and a suitably granular or granular rice hull molded product, and a rice hull having a shape suitable for its use. The molded product can be individually shaped and the hardness of the rice hull molded product can be selected by the frictional resistance operation of the adjusting means. Therefore, both the fibrous fine powder and the siliceous fine powder of the organic substance structure become a rice hull molded product that maintains a firm and tightly-bonded state without any bias.

In order to carbonize the above rice hull molded product,
A rice husk molding is placed in a charcoal kiln and carbonized at a high temperature of 400 to 500 degrees Celsius. The chaff formed charcoal obtained by carrying out such a carbonization treatment has a composition other than carbon and siliceous substances other than inorganic substances such as carbon and siliceous substances removed from the composition of the chaff formed, thereby increasing the surface area and fine pores. Will increase. Furthermore, by activating this rice husk forming carbon, rice husk forming activated carbon with higher adsorption characteristics can be obtained. Such activation treatment is carried out using the same production method as for conventional charcoal. In both the carbonization treatment and the activation treatment, conventional wood and the rice husk molded product of the present invention naturally have differences in the processing work due to differences in physical properties and in consolidation strength.

Examination of the rice husk formed charcoal or the rice hull formed activated carbon according to the present invention reveals the following characteristics. Organic fibers intertwined with each other, a carbonaceous material composed of a carbon skeleton obtained by carbonizing them, and a siliceous material composed of silicic acid crystals have the size of gaps (or pores) existing in the structure. Not only are different, but also the adsorption modes of various substances are different. The adsorption of carbon-based materials mainly depends on the surface area of the material, but the siliceous material not only has a structure that is thought to be involved in the adsorption of silicate groups other than the surface area, but also has a negative charge. It has electrical adsorption characteristics. Therefore, carbonaceous materials and siliceous materials
It is thought that the adsorption style is different.

[0016] Some low molecular weight compounds have an electric strain in the molecule. In addition, there are acidic, alkaline, neutral, and gasified substances that have an odor. These are not the same in their adsorption modes due to differences in physical properties.
Furthermore, the same gas may or may not adsorb to the same material depending on the surrounding environmental conditions. For example, in terms of temperature, activated carbon adsorbs neutral odors such as toluene at room temperature, but releases it at high temperatures. Conversely, zeolites containing silicic acid and alumina as main components adsorb toluene at high temperature and release at normal temperature.

Here, when materials having different adsorption modes, ie, carbon-based materials and silicate-based materials, are present in close contact with each other, the gas which cannot be adsorbed by the carbon-based materials is adsorbed by the silicate-based materials, and conversely, the silicate-based materials are adsorbed. It can be used as a wide variety of gas adsorbents due to the interpolative effect of carbon materials adsorbing gases that cannot be used. Furthermore, even when looking at one substance such as toluene in the gaseous state, the adsorbed substance may be released again due to changes in the surrounding environmental conditions, and the gas released under such conditions in the immediate vicinity can be efficiently removed. The presence of another material to be adsorbed makes it possible to achieve stable adsorption (adsorption under a wide range of conditions) as a whole. In this case, the closer each material is, the more
It is thought that the probability of catching the released gas will increase.

Further, in the production of charcoal formed from rice hulls, rather than carbonizing the rice hulls and then pulverizing and molding, the fines and the siliceous fines are mixed and compressed at the stage of organic fibers. Molding makes it easier for organic substances such as hemicellulose softened by the heat of compression to adhere to the silicate particles, and the silicate particles can be firmly fixed in the carbon skeleton even after carbonization. That is,
When molding carbonized fine powder, it is difficult to make them adhere to each other sufficiently, a binder is required for molding, and the strength is low.

[0019]

As described above, in the step of pulverizing the rice husk according to the present invention, the organic substance structure and the siliceous layer film structure, which are the composition of the rice hull, are respectively separated into fine powders and mixed without bias. In particular, carbonized products of these compounds have different compositions and, of course, increase the types of low molecular compounds to be adsorbed. It has a molecular compound adsorption effect. Furthermore, rice husk forming activated carbon having such a composition and a high low molecular weight compound adsorption ability is
It can be easily obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention.
In addition, as a result, rice husk, which is essentially agricultural waste, can be used as an extremely effective adsorbent for low-molecular-weight compounds, and has a beneficial effect in terms of waste disposal.

[0020]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for crushing to obtain fine powder for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the composition of rice hulls.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Female type housing 12 Convex rotor 13 Right-handed spiral convex part 14 Left-handed spiral convex part 21 Organic substance structure of rice hull 22 Silicate layer film organization of rice hull 23 Rice grain

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI B02C 19/12 B09B 3/00 301Z

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. The step of pulverizing rice hulls into a crushed state comprises the steps of destructing each of an organic substance such as cellulose and a siliceous layer film, and a step of fibrous fine powder of the destructed organic substance. A step of mixing both of the broken siliceous fine powder of the siliceous layer film structure without unevenness, and a step of shaping them into a desired shape further comprises the step of mixing the uniformly mixed fibrous fine powder and the silicic acid fine powder. A rice husk molded product produced through the steps of gradually pressurizing the fine powder and successively heating them. 2. The step of pulverizing the rice husk into a crushed state, wherein the step of destroying an organic substance such as cellulose and the step of destroying a siliceous layer film comprises the steps of: A step of mixing both of the siliceous fine powders of the similarly destructed siliceous layer film structure without bias, and a step of forming them into a desired shape is a step of gradually pressing them, and subsequently, A method for producing a rice hull molded product, the method comprising gradually heating. 3. A rice husk formed coal obtained by carbonizing the rice husk formed product according to claim 1. 4. A method for producing rice husk formed coal, which comprises a step of carbonizing treatment subsequent to the step of producing a rice hull molded product according to claim 2. 5. A rice husk forming activated carbon obtained by subjecting the rice husk forming coal according to claim 3 to an activation treatment. 6. A method for producing rice hull-forming activated carbon, comprising a step of performing an activation treatment subsequent to the step of producing rice hull-forming coal according to claim 4.