JPH0998661A - Artificial culture of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve optimum culture condition and produce mushrooms having high quality by effectively exhausting hot air from a culture chamber and decreasing the concentration of carbon dioxide gas. SOLUTION: The artificial cultivation process for mushroom comprises the sterilization of a culture base, the inoculation of seed mycelia, the cultivation of the mycelia and the growing of fruit body, etc. The cultivation chamber 10 for holding a culture bottle inoculated with seed mycelia and culturing for a prescribe period in the culture step has a structure to enable the ventilation of the whole atmosphere of the chamber. A fan 20 for exhausting air from the chamber to the outer atmosphere is attached to the ceiling part 18 of the cultivation chamber 10 and a ventilation hole 28 for introducing outer air into the chamber is opened on the wall of the cultivation chamber 10. An air stream is forcibly generated from the floor toward the ceiling of the cultivation chamber without using a cooling means such as cooler in the chamber to enable the setting of a prescribed cultivation environment and the cultivation of mushroom.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, and more particularly to a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms characterized by a control method in the culturing process.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the method of artificially cultivating mushrooms such as enoki mushrooms, generally, the preparation of the culture medium, the sterilization of the culture medium, the inoculation of the inoculum,
Mushrooms are harvested through various processes such as culturing, bacterial scraping, sprouting and growth. Environmental management such as indoor temperature and humidity in each of these steps varies depending on the type of mushroom, and the bacterial scraping method, the number of days of culture, the number of days of growth, etc. are also different.

Bush mushrooms are mushrooms whose production has increased in recent years, and the cultivation of these mushrooms is generally carried out by the following method. That is, a required storage container such as a culture bottle is filled with a culture medium, the culture medium is sterilized and inoculated with an inoculum, and then the culture bottle is carried into a culture chamber to carry out culture. The culture room is a closed room, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 3000p due to ventilation.
It is managed to be pm or less. Suitable culture temperature is 1
It is 8 ° C to 22 ° C. A cooler is installed to prevent the room temperature from rising due to the heat generated during the culture, and a fan is installed to stir the air so that oxygen spreads throughout the culture room.

[0004]

The period for cultivating bush mushrooms is about 85 days, and the culturing chamber is kept in a predetermined culturing environment during this period to cultivate mushroom fungi. Since there is a considerable fever during culturing, and because there are tens of thousands of culturing bottles packed in the culturing chamber,
The calorific value of the entire culture room is enormous, and a cooler is indispensable for controlling the temperature in the conventional culture room. Especially, in the summer when the outside air temperature is high, the cooler is operated almost all day, and the predetermined indoor temperature can be maintained only after the forced cooling.

Therefore, in the summer, a considerable amount of electricity is required only for cooling the culture chamber, which increases the production cost and results in a great loss of energy. In fact, most of the electricity used to grow mushrooms comes from coolers that cool the cultivation room. Such a conventional method for artificially cultivating bush mushrooms is generally adopted as a standard cultivation method and is also instructed, but this is the same as the previous artificial cultivation method such as enoki mushroom. It is also because I did it.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem that a considerable amount of electricity is required to maintain and manage the culture room in the cultivation of mushrooms and the like, and the purpose thereof is to grow mushrooms. It is intended to provide a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, which can save electricity charges and the like, can reduce production costs, can easily manage cultivation, and can grow mushrooms of extremely excellent quality. .

[0007]

The present invention has the following constitution in order to achieve the above object. That is, sterilization of the culture medium,
Seed inoculation, culturing step, in a method of artificially cultivating a mushroom that is artificially cultivated through each step such as a growing step, in the culturing step, a culture chamber for culturing for a certain period of time to house a culturing bottle inoculated with the inoculum The structure is such that the entire room can be ventilated, and an exhaust means such as a fan for exhausting indoor air to the outside is provided on the ceiling of the culture room, and a ventilation port for introducing outside air to the wall surface of the culture room. By providing ventilation to forcibly generate an air flow from the floor side to the ceiling side of the culture chamber and exhaust the air in the room to the outside without providing cooling means such as a cooler in the culture chamber. It is characterized by setting a culture environment and culturing. Further, it is characterized in that an attic as an air flow path is provided subsequent to the ceiling portion, and an exhaust means such as a fan for exhausting the air in the culture chamber from the attic is provided. Further, when the cultivation bottle is housed in the container in the culture chamber, a space is provided between the adjacent container to allow air to flow therethrough. In addition, the artificial cultivation method can be suitably applied to the cultivation of thermophilic bacteria such as mushrooms.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The method for artificially cultivating a mushroom according to the present invention is characterized by a culturing method in a culturing chamber, and unlike the conventional method, the culturing chamber is not a closed chamber and air is easily circulated in the room, so that only ventilation equipment is provided. It is characterized in that the cells are set and cultured.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing the structure of a culture chamber to which the method of the present invention is applied. The culture room 10 has a large number of cultivation bottles 12.
Is formed as a large indoor space capable of accommodating a plurality of containers, and a predetermined number of cultivation bottles 12 are housed in a container 14, and the containers 14 are stacked in a plurality of stages. Container 14
When stacking the containers, it is necessary to provide a sufficient space between adjacent containers 14 so that the air can sufficiently flow. In the conventional culturing method, when stacking the containers 14, as much as possible of the cultivating bottles 12 are stored so that they are in contact with the adjacent containers 14, but this makes the air flow in the culturing chamber worse. However, it is inconvenient to apply the method of the present invention.

The space between the containers 14 is not particularly limited as long as the air can be sufficiently circulated, but in an actual example, the container 1 on the pallet 16 is used.
The distance between 4 and 30 was set to about 30 cm, and the wall and the container 14 were separated by about 50 cm at the wall portion of the culture chamber. Since the air flow is inevitably deteriorated at the wall portion, it is preferable that the air flow is improved with a slight gap in this way. Further, it is preferable that a passage is formed in a cross shape in the culture chamber 10 so that the air can be easily circulated.

In the present embodiment, in order to sufficiently ventilate the culture chamber, a plurality of fans 20 are attached to the ceiling 18 of the culture chamber as shown in FIG. 1, and the fans 20 strongly suck the air in the culture chamber. I tried to discharge it. Fan 2
It is advisable to install 0 or more for 0 per 30 m ² . The attic 22 is a portion that serves as an air passage for discharging air to the outside, and is formed in a large volume so that the air can be easily discharged. Air is discharged from the attic 22 to the outside by the side wall 2.
According to the fan 26 provided in No. 4. The fan 26 also uses a large fan so that the air can be strongly discharged.

The fans 20 and 26 are the culture chamber 10.
It is provided as an exhaust means for constantly exhausting air from the outside to ventilate the culture chamber 10 at all times. Reference numeral 28 is a vent provided at the bottom of the wall of the culture chamber 10. Culture room 1 of the present embodiment
At 0, by operating the fan 20 and the fan 26, the outside air is taken into the culture chamber 10 from the ventilation port 28, and as shown by the arrow in FIG. 1, the flow of air from the bottom side of the culture chamber 10 to the ceiling side. Occurs, and air is discharged from the culture chamber 10 to the outside.

The air flow in the culture chamber 10 should be such that the skin feels the wind. Due to the action of this air flow, the heat generated from the cultivation bottle 12 is discharged together with the air, and the generated carbon dioxide is also discharged at the same time.
As described above, the space between the adjacent containers 14 is to generate an extremely strong air flow so as to remove the heat of culture and carbon dioxide, and the air is supplied to every corner of the culture chamber 10. It is important for the flow to occur.

Thus, by vigorously ventilating the entire culture chamber 10, it is possible to prevent heat from staying inside the culture chamber 10 and to strongly discharge carbon dioxide from the culture chamber 10, which is very suitable. It is possible to obtain various culture environments. Unlike the conventional culture chamber, the culture chamber 10 of the present embodiment is characterized in that it is managed only by ventilation without installing a cooler. However, it is possible to exhaust culture heat and carbon dioxide at once by powerful ventilation. There is a point. This makes it possible to obtain a suitable culture environment without using a cooler or the like even when a large number of cultivation bottles 12 are housed in the culture chamber 10.

In the present invention, since the culture environment is maintained only by ventilation and no cooler is installed in this manner, it is not suitable for culturing psychrotrophic fungi such as Enoki mushroom, but is applied to thermophilic bacterium such as mushrooms. It is suitable. In the example used by the present inventor for cultivating bush mushroom, rather than using a cooler as in the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain a good quality mushroom with a thick umbrella and to increase the yield by cultivating only with ventilation. I was able to. It is considered that this is because the culture method of the present embodiment makes use of the original properties of thermophilic bacteria such as mushrooms, and the quality of mushrooms could be improved by this. Of course, this culturing method by forced ventilation is not limited to mushrooms and can be similarly applied to mushrooms of thermophilic bacteria.

It has been confirmed that the method for culturing by ventilating the culture chamber 10 as described above works well even in the summer. In the summer, the culture chambers are tightly packed with culture bottles, so even if the cooler is always attached, the room temperature in the culture chamber does not easily drop due to the culture heat. On the other hand, in the case of the method of the present invention, the hot air is exhausted by strong ventilation, so that the room temperature of the culture chamber can be lowered more effectively, and a favorable culture environment can be obtained. In particular, the method of using the fans 20 and 26 for ventilation is far more efficient in terms of power consumption than the case of using a cooler, and the electric charge is at least 30% less than that of a conventional culture room. Become.

Also, as the equipment of the culture room 10, it is much cheaper to install the fans 20 and 26 as compared with the case where the cooler is installed, and it is also effective from this point.
Further, when the cooler is installed, the culture chamber needs to have a heat insulating structure, which requires considerable cost.However, when only the ventilation is used as in the present embodiment, the culture chamber does not need to have a heat insulating structure. The equipment cost can be saved. When constructing a large culture room, it is a great advantage that such facility costs and equipment costs can be saved.

Further, the ventilation method using a fan has an advantage that daily management is much easier than that using a cooler. In addition, when cultivating through the year,
Depending on the season, it is necessary to properly adjust the ventilation by the fans 20 and 26. For example, in the winter season, the ventilation port 28
Since cold outside air enters from this to lower the temperature of the culture chamber 10, it is preferable to move the fans 20 and 26 at any time while detecting the room temperature of the culture chamber 10 to adjust the room temperature. Conventionally, the cooler is moved and cooled even in the winter period, but the method according to the present embodiment makes it possible to appropriately adjust the room temperature by utilizing the outside air. Such management is easy because the fans 20 and 26 can be turned on and off.

Also, when the fans 20 and 26 are operated, all the fans 20 are operated at once so as to cope with fluctuation factors such as a change in the outside temperature depending on the number of cultivation bottles 12 accommodated in the culture chamber 10 and the season. It is also possible to use a control such that only some of the fans 20 are operated without being operated, or the fans are operated separately. In addition, various controls such as detecting the room temperature and automatically turning the fan on and off, and varying the strength of the fan are possible.

As the environment of the culture room, in addition to temperature, conditions such as humidity are actually important. For example, in the summer, the humidity of the outside air is high, so the problem of humidity is hardly a problem, but in the winter, the outside air is low in temperature and dry, so if the outside air is introduced for ventilation, the culture chamber will become dry. Occurs. In such a case, it is advisable to humidify with a humidifier to adjust the humidity in the culture chamber. As described above, it is necessary to appropriately control and manage the temperature adjustment and the humidity adjustment in the culture room.

Although the culturing method in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms has been described above, the method of ventilating and managing the room is effective not only in the culturing step but also in the bacteriostatic step.
That is, the sterilization operation is an operation in which a culture bottle filled with a culture medium and sterilized by heating is taken out from the sterilization kettle, cooled, and then inoculated by dropping seed bacteria into the bottle mouth of the culture bottle. Usually, this sterilizing work is performed at room temperature of 15 to 18 ° C., and the room is sterilized by a sterilizing lamp or the like so that various bacteria do not enter.

The reason why the room temperature is set at 15 ° C. to 18 ° C. is to cool the culture medium, and the cultivation bottle taken out from the sterilization kettle is allowed to cool for a certain period of time in the fungus chamber. For this reason,
The conventional fungus chamber is formed as a heat insulating structure, and a cooler is installed to cool the culture medium. However,
Similar to the above-mentioned culture room, even in the summertime, even when the cooler is moved, the room temperature of the cell-imparting room does not easily drop, and there is a problem that the culture medium cannot be cooled efficiently. As a method of solving such a problem, having a structure capable of sufficiently ventilating the bacterium-attaching chamber is effective in that the culture medium can be efficiently cooled, and various inoculums can be eliminated, and a preferable inoculum can be inoculated. Is.

Conventionally, the sterilizing work is carried out at a relatively low temperature because the inoculation of the inoculum at a high temperature causes the bacterium to weaken, and there is a problem that various bacteria easily enter in a high temperature environment. However, if the ventilation chamber is constructed with a structure that allows sufficient ventilation, if the ventilation is forcibly felt on the skin, the culture medium can be easily cooled and various bacteria will not adhere, and rather good results will be obtained. You can When the culture bottle is taken out from the sterilization kettle and cooled in the fungus chamber, the outer surface of the culture bottle will be exposed to dew, but it will become wet.
In this way, the wetness of the cultivation bottle makes it easier for the miscellaneous bacteria to adhere and the miscellaneous bacteria to easily enter. The method of forcibly ventilating the bacterium-attaching chamber makes it possible to prevent the cultivation bottle from getting wet and to reliably prevent invasion of various bacteria.

When actually injecting bacteria into the fungus room by forced ventilation, the fungus room must be sterilized in advance, and the floor of the fungus room must be cleaned to prevent dust from getting on it. , Because outside air is taken in during ventilation,
It is necessary to inoculate bacteria in the fresh air such as in the morning. Under such conditions, it is advisable to sterilize the bacterium while ventilating it while keeping the bacterium chamber open at all times. The present inventor was able to effectively prevent the generation of miscellaneous bacteria by such a method for attaching bacteria as compared with the conventional method.

[0025]

According to the method for artificially cultivating a mushroom according to the present invention, as described above, the hot air generated during culturing is effective because the air flow is generated in the culturing chamber to force the ventilation. It can be effectively discharged to the outside of the room to effectively prevent the temperature of the culture room from rising, and it is easily suitable by effectively reducing the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture room by forced ventilation. It is possible to obtain various culture conditions. Further, since the ventilation means such as a fan is used without using a cooler such as a cooler, the facility cost can be reduced, and the running cost such as an electric charge can be effectively reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a culture chamber in artificial cultivation of mushrooms according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Culture Room 12 Cultivation Bottle 14 Container 16 Pallet 18 Ceiling 20 Fan 22 Attic 24 Sidewall 26 Fan 28 Vent

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method for artificially cultivating a mushroom which is artificially cultivated through steps such as sterilization of a culture medium, seed inoculation, a culturing step, and a growing step, wherein a culturing bottle inoculated with a seed is stored in the culturing step. The structure of the culture chamber for culturing for a certain period is configured to be able to ventilate the entire room, and the ceiling of the culture chamber is equipped with an exhaust means such as a fan for exhausting indoor air to the outside Ventilation holes for introducing outside air are provided, and without providing cooling means such as a cooler in the culture chamber, the air in the culture chamber is forced to generate air flow from the floor side to the ceiling side, and the air inside the chamber is discharged to the outside. A method for artificially cultivating a mushroom, which comprises culturing by setting a required culturing environment by performing exhaust ventilation. 2. The artificial cultivation of mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein an attic as an air flow path is provided continuously to the ceiling part, and an exhaust means such as a fan for exhausting the air in the culture chamber from the attic is provided. Method. 3. The container according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the cultivation bottle is housed in a container in a culture chamber, a space is provided between the adjacent container to allow air to flow therethrough. Mushroom artificial cultivation method described. 4. The method for artificially cultivating a mushroom according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a thermophilic bacterium such as a bush mushroom is cultivated.