JPH0994483A - Discharge type electrostatic sorter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the recovery rate of insulating particles by arranging respective downstream metallic drum electrodes in positions where the pulverized refuse to be sorted falling from upstream metallic drum electrodes is sprayed atop these drum electrodes. SOLUTION: If the pulverized refuse 11 to be sorted is insulating pulverized rubber 11B, there is no charge replenishment from the uppermost stream first metallic drum electrode 15 and, therefore, the refuse is acted as the first metallic drum electrode 15 by the electric field applied by electron radiation and is further integrated with the attraction force of polarization and is attracted onto the first metallic drum electrode 15. If, however, the pulverized refuse 11 to be sorted is supplied by forming layers, the insulating pulverized refuse 11B in the upper part of the layers falls by gravity onto the first metallic drum electrode 15 and falls onto the downstream second metallic drum electrode 19. The insulating pulverized refuse 11B sticking to the first metallic drum electrode 15 is scraped off by a brush 20 and is recovered by a recovering means 18. The insulating pulverized refuse 11B is recovered every time the refuse falls and moves successively to the downstream metallic drum electrodes 19 in such a manner.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a discharge type electrostatic sorting apparatus for crushing municipal waste, oversized waste, etc., and then selecting incombustibles, plastics, etc. from the crushed waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A sorting method using corona discharge is used.
A conventional discharge type electrostatic sorting device will be described with reference to FIG.

Particles 1 to be sorted are put into a hopper 2, dropped from an outlet of the hopper 2 onto a vibrating feed plate 3, cut out from the vibrating feed plate 3, and rotated in a predetermined direction around a horizontal axis, It is sprayed on the upper surface of the metal drum electrode 4 which is grounded.

A needle-shaped high voltage electrode 5 for discharging to the particles 1 is provided diagonally above the metal drum electrode 4 in the rotation direction. The high voltage electrode 5 is connected to a cathode of a high voltage power supply 6. I have. The anode of the high voltage power supply 6 is grounded. With this connection, a rotating ground electrode is formed by the metal drum electrode 4, and the high-voltage electrode 5 and the metal drum electrode 4
And a corona discharge field is formed between them.

Below the metal drum electrode 4, a first separation container 7 is provided which opens upward at a position forward (upstream in the rotation direction) of the metal drum electrode 4, and is located at the front half of the diameter of the metal drum electrode 4. Is provided with a second separation container 8 which is open upward, and a third separation container 9 which is open upward is provided at a rear half position of the diameter of the metal drum electrode 4. Further, a brush 10 for scraping off the particles 1 to be sorted is provided at a downstream position in the rotation direction of the metal drum electrode 4 (above the third separation container 9).

The operation of the above configuration will be described. Hopper 1
The selected particles 1 spread on the metal drum electrode 4 via the vibration feed plate 3 are further divided into the high voltage electrode 5 and the metal drum electrode 4.
Polarization and electron radiation are received in the discharge field formed between them. That is, unipolar ions are emitted from the high voltage electrode 5, and the particles 1 to be sorted are sprayed on the drum 4 and the particles 1
Are charged to the same polarity as the ions.

In the case where the charged particles to be sorted 1 are conductive particles (conductors) 1A, the charge due to corona discharge is immediately neutralized with the opposite charge from the ground electrode (metal drum electrode 4), and conversely from the ground electrode. Since the electric charge is applied, the repulsive force separates and jumps from the ground electrode, and the first separation container
Fall into.

The particles 1 to be selected are insulating particles (insulators).
In the case of 1B, since there is no charge replenishment from the ground electrode (metal drum electrode 4), it acts as an attractive force on the ground electrode by the electric field given by the electron emission, and is further integrated with the attractive force of the polarization, and is applied to the ground electrode. Strongly adsorbed. Therefore,
The insulating particles 1 </ b> B drop at a position behind the metal drum electrode 4 in the rotation direction or are scraped off by the brush 10 to form a third
Separated in the separation container 9.

When the selected particles 1 are semiconductive particles (semiconductors) 1C, the insulating particles 1B and the conductive particles 1A
And is separated into the second separation container 8.

[0010]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional electrostatic sorting apparatus using corona discharge, when the particles 1 to be sorted are supplied in layers, the insulating particles 1B are generated in the discharge region. Even if it is charged, it cannot contact (ground) with the metal drum electrode 4 in the upper part of the layer, and is not adsorbed and falls by its own weight from the metal drum electrode 4 and inside the first separation container 7 together with the conductive particles 1A. And the result is insulating particles 1B
However, there was a problem that the recovery rate of the

[0011] Further, in order to sort again, it is necessary to arrange the electrostatic sorting devices in series, and there has been a problem that the cost is too high. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive discharge type electrostatic sorting device with an improved recovery rate of insulating particles.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a discharge type electrostatic sorting apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention comprises a needle-like or blade-like high-voltage electrode and a horizontal axis centering. A plurality of grounded metal drum electrodes that rotate around, brushes that scrape off the crushed crushed dust that has been adsorbed on each of the metal drum electrodes, and recovery means that recovers the crushed crushed dust that has been scraped off by the brushes. And arranging the high-voltage electrode at a position where the crushed dust to be supplied supplied to the upper surface of the most upstream metal drum electrode can be charged, and each downstream metal drum electrode from the upstream metal drum electrode. It is characterized in that it is arranged at a position where the crushed dust to be dropped falls on the upper surface.

With the above structure, when the crushed dust to be sorted is the insulating crushed dust (insulator), there is no charge replenishment from the most upstream first metal drum electrode. It acts as an attractive force on the first metal drum electrode, is combined with the attractive force of polarization, and is attracted to the first metal drum electrode. However, the sorted crushed waste is the first
When supplied on the metal drum electrode in the form of a layer, the insulating ground dust contacting the first metal drum electrode and the insulating ground dust of the two or three-fold portion are absorbed by the above-mentioned adsorption force. Although it adheres to the first metal drum electrode, the insulating crushed dust in the upper part of the layer does not adsorb to the first metal drum electrode, but falls by its own weight and drops onto the second metal drum electrode downstream. The insulating crushed dust adhering to the first metal drum electrode is scraped off by a brush and collected by the collecting means.

On the second metal drum electrode 19, the insulating pulverized dust still has an adsorbing power to the ground electrode, and the insulating pulverized dust and 2,
The insulating crushed dust in the triple part is similarly attached to the second metal drum electrode by the above-mentioned adsorption force, but the insulating crushed dust in the upper part of the layer does not stick to the second metal drum electrode and falls by its own weight. , And falls on the third metal drum electrode further downstream.
The insulating crushed dust adhering to the second metal drum electrode is scraped off by a brush and collected by the collecting means.

In this way, the insulating crushed dust is collected by the collecting means each time it falls and moves to the downstream metal drum electrode. The discharge type electrostatic sorting apparatus according to claim 2 is the discharge type electrostatic sorting apparatus according to claim 1,
A high voltage electrode is provided for each metal drum electrode.

With the above structure, the adsorbing force of the ground crushed dust with respect to the insulative crushed dust is strengthened at each metal drum electrode position, thereby improving the recovery rate of the insulative crushed dust.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration diagram of a discharge type electrostatic sorting apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.

The crushed waste 11 to be sorted is thrown into the hopper 13 via the conveyor belt conveyor 12, drops from the outlet of the hopper 13 onto the supply tray 14, is cut out from the supply tray 14, and rotates around the horizontal axis. Is rotated in a predetermined direction and is sprayed onto the upper surface of the first metal drum electrode 15 which is grounded.

A high voltage is applied obliquely above the first metal drum electrode 15 in the rotational direction, and a needle-like or blade-like electrode (hereinafter, referred to as a discharge electrode) discharges to the crushed dust 11 on the first metal drum electrode 15. High voltage electrodes 16) are provided. With this arrangement, a corona discharge field is formed between the high voltage electrode 16 and the first metal drum electrode 15. In addition, a brush 17 for scraping off the sorted pulverized dust 11 adsorbed on the first metal drum electrode 15 is provided at a position rearward of the first metal drum electrode 15 (downstream of the rotating method), and below the brush 17. Brush 17
The first to collect the sorted crushed waste 11 scraped off by
A collection belt conveyor device 18 is provided.

Below the first metal drum electrode 15, at a position where the sorted crushed dust 11 falling from the first metal drum electrode 15 is scattered on the upper surface, it is rotated around a horizontal axis in a predetermined direction and grounded. The second metal drum electrode 19 is provided. In addition, a brush 20 for scraping off the sorted crushed dust 11 adsorbed on the second metal drum electrode 19 is provided at a rear position (downstream of the rotation method) of the second metal drum electrode 19, and below the brush 20. Second collection belt conveyor device for collecting the pulverized waste 11 to be sorted scraped off by the brush 20
21 are provided.

Further, below the second metal drum electrode 19,
A third metal drum electrode 22 which is rotated around a horizontal axis in a predetermined direction and grounded is provided at a position where the sorted crushed dust 11 falling from the second metal drum electrode 19 is scattered on the upper surface. In addition, a brush 23 for scraping off the sorted crushed dust 11 adsorbed on the third metal drum electrode 22 is provided at a position behind the third metal drum electrode 22 (downstream of the rotation method), and below the brush 23. A third recovery belt conveyor device 24 is provided for recovering the sorted crushed dust 11 scraped off by the brush 23. Further, a fourth recovery belt conveyor device 25 for recovering the sorted crushed dust 11 falling from the third metal drum electrode 22 is provided.

The operation of the above structure will be described below.
The crushed dust 11 to be sorted, which is cut out from the supply tray 14 and scattered on the first metal drum electrode 15, is separated from the high voltage electrode 16 and the first dust.
In the discharge field formed between the metal drum electrodes 15, it receives polarization and electron emission. That is, unipolar ions are emitted from the high-voltage electrode 16 and sprayed on the pulverized dust 11 to be sorted on the first metal drum electrode 15, and the dust 11 is charged to the same polarity as the ions.

When the charged crushed dust 11 to be sorted is conductive crushed dust (or semi-conductive crushed dust) 11A, the charge due to corona discharge is neutralized with the opposite charge from the first metal drum electrode 15 and reverse. Since electric charge is applied to the first metal drum electrode 15 from the first metal drum electrode 15, the repulsive force acts as a repulsive force, which causes the first metal drum electrode 15 to separate and leap and drop onto the second metal drum electrode 19.

When the crushed dust 11 to be sorted is the insulated crushed dust (insulator) 11B, since there is no charge replenishment from the first metal drum electrode 15, the first metal drum is caused by the electric field given by the electron emission. It acts as an attractive force on the electrode 15, and is combined with the attractive force of polarization to be attracted to the first metal drum electrode 15. However, when the pulverized waste 11 to be sorted is supplied onto the first metal drum electrode 15 in a layered manner, the insulating pulverized waste 11B and 2, which are in contact with the first metal drum electrode 15, are in contact with each other. The insulating crushed dust 11B in the triple layer is
Although it adheres to the first metal drum electrode 15 due to the above-mentioned adsorption force,
The insulating crushed dust 11B in the upper part of the layer does not stick to the first metal drum electrode 15 and falls by its own weight, and the second metal drum electrode 19
Fall to the top. The insulating crushed dust 11B attached to the first metal drum electrode 15 is scraped off by the brush 17 and collected by the first collecting belt conveyor device 18.

On the second metal drum electrode 19, in the case of the conductive crushed dust 11A, similarly, it separates and jumps from the second metal drum electrode 19 and drops onto the third metal drum electrode 22. In the case of the insulating crushed dust 11B, the insulating crushed dust 11B which has a suction force to the ground electrode and is in contact with the second metal drum electrode 19 and the insulating crushed dust of the two or three-fold portion garbage
11B is also the second metal drum electrode 19 due to the above-mentioned adsorption force.
However, the insulating pulverized dust 11B in the upper part of the layer does not stick to the second metal drum electrode 19, falls by its own weight, and drops onto the third metal drum electrode 22. The insulating crushed dust 11B attached to the second metal drum electrode 19 is scraped off by the brush 20 and collected by the second collecting belt conveyor device 21.

Further, on the third metal drum electrode 22, in the case of the conductive crushed dust 11A, the third metal drum electrode 22 is similarly provided.
It jumps off from and is collected by the fourth collecting belt conveyor device 25. Further, in the case of the insulating pulverized dust 11B, the insulating pulverized dust 11B which still has an adsorbing power to the ground electrode and is in contact with the third metal drum electrode 22 and the insulating pulverized portion of the two or three-fold portion. The dust 11B similarly adheres to the third metal drum electrode 22 due to the above-mentioned adsorption force, but the insulating pulverized dust 11B in the upper part of the layer does not adsorb to the third metal drum electrode 22 and falls by its own weight, It falls onto the recovery belt conveyor device 25. The insulating crushed dust 11B attached to the third metal drum electrode 22 is scraped off by the brush 23 and collected by the third collecting belt conveyor device 24.

In this way, the first to third metal drum electrodes 1
The insulating crushed dust 11B is selected by 5, 19, and 22 so that when the crushed dust 11 to be selected is supplied onto the first metal drum electrode 15, even if it is formed in a layer and supplied, Insulating crushed dust 11B can be selected,
The recovery rate of B can be improved. Further, as compared with the case where the conventional discharge type electrostatic sorting devices are arranged in series, since the treatment can be performed with a single power source, the cost can be reduced.

Although the high voltage electrode 16 is provided facing the first metal drum electrode 15 in the above embodiment, the high voltage electrode is provided facing the second and third metal drum electrodes 19, 22. It can also be provided. According to this configuration, it is possible to increase the attraction force to the ground electrode (metal drum electrode) with respect to the insulating crushed dust 11B, and to improve the collection rate of the insulating crushed dust 11B.

Further, in the above embodiment, three metal drum electrodes are provided, but by providing the same metal drum electrode further downstream, the collection rate of the insulating pulverized dust 11B can be further improved. .

Further, as a recovery means for recovering the sorted crushed dust 11 to be sorted, belt conveyors for collection 18, 21,
Although equipped with 24 and 25, it is not limited to conveyor devices
It suffices that the separation container can be collected, and a separation container or a trolley equipped with the separation container may be arranged.

[0031]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when the crushed insulating dust is selected in each metal drum electrode, the crushed dust to be sorted is supplied onto the metal drum electrode. , Even when supplied in layers
Most of the insulating crushed dust can be selected, and the recovery rate of the insulated crushed dust can be improved. Further, as compared with the case where the conventional discharge type electrostatic sorting devices are arranged in series, since the treatment can be performed with a single power source, the cost can be reduced.

Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, in each metal drum electrode, it is possible to increase the adsorbing force of the insulating ground dust to the ground electrode, thereby improving the recovery rate of the insulating ground dust. it can.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of a discharge type electrostatic sorting device showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a conventional discharge type electrostatic sorting device.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 Sorted crushed dust 11A Conductive crushed dust 11B Insulated crushed dust 12 Conveyor belt conveyor device 13 Hopper 14 Supply tray 15, 19, 22 Metal drum electrode 16 High voltage electrode 17, 20, 23 Brush 18, 21, 24, 25 Belt conveyor for collection (collection means)

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Chiaki Tojo 5-3-2, Nishikujo 5-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture Hitachi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A needle-shaped or blade-shaped high-voltage electrode, a plurality of grounded metal drum electrodes that rotate around a horizontal axis, and brushes for scraping off crushed dust to be sorted adsorbed on each of the metal drum electrodes. And a collecting means for respectively collecting the crushed dust to be sorted scraped off by each of the brushes, the high-voltage electrode, the crushed dust to be sorted supplied to the upper surface of the metal drum electrode located in the most upstream A discharge-type electrostatic sorting device, which is disposed at a chargeable position, and each downstream metal drum electrode is disposed at a position where the crushed dust to be sorted falling from the upstream metal drum electrode is scattered on the upper surface. 2. The discharge type electrostatic sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a high voltage electrode is provided for each metal drum electrode.