JP3192940B2 - Discharge type electrostatic sorter - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a discharge type electrostatic sorter for crushing municipal trash, oversized trash and the like, and then sorting non-combustible materials and plastics from the crushed trash.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A sorting method using corona discharge is used.
A conventional electrostatic discharge sorting apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.

[0003] Particles 1 to be sorted are put into a hopper 2, fall from the outlet of the hopper 2 onto a vibration feeding plate 3, cut out from the vibration feeding plate 3, and rotated in a predetermined direction around a horizontal axis. It is sprayed on the upper surface of the grounded metal drum electrode 4.

A needle-shaped high voltage electrode 5 for discharging to the particles 1 is provided diagonally above the metal drum electrode 4 in the rotation direction. The high voltage electrode 5 is connected to a cathode of a high voltage power supply 6. I have. The anode of the high voltage power supply 6 is grounded. With this connection, a rotating ground electrode is formed by the metal drum electrode 4, and the high-voltage electrode 5 and the metal drum electrode 4
And a corona discharge field is formed between them.

Below the metal drum electrode 4, a first separation container 7 is provided which opens upward at a position forward (upstream in the rotation direction) of the metal drum electrode 4, and is located at the front half of the diameter of the metal drum electrode 4. Is provided with a second separation container 8 which is open upward, and a third separation container 9 which is open upward is provided at a rear half position of the diameter of the metal drum electrode 4. Further, a brush 10 for scraping off the particles 1 to be sorted is provided at a downstream position in the rotation direction of the metal drum electrode 4 (above the third separation container 9).

The operation of the above configuration will be described. Hopper 1
The selected particles 1 spread on the metal drum electrode 4 via the vibration feed plate 3 are further divided into the high voltage electrode 5 and the metal drum electrode 4.
Polarization and electron radiation are received in the discharge field formed between them. That is, unipolar ions are emitted from the high-voltage electrode 5 and flow into the particles 1 to be sorted on the drum 4 so that the particles 1
Are charged to the same polarity as the ions.

In the case where the charged particles to be sorted 1 are conductive particles (conductors) 1A, the charge due to corona discharge is immediately neutralized with the opposite charge from the ground electrode (metal drum electrode 4), and conversely from the ground electrode. Since the electric charge is applied, the repulsive force separates and jumps from the ground electrode, and the first separation container
Fall into.

The particles 1 to be selected are insulating particles (insulators).
In the case of 1B, since there is no charge replenishment from the ground electrode (metal drum electrode 4), it acts as an attractive force on the ground electrode by the electric field given by the electron emission, and is further integrated with the attractive force of the polarization, and is applied to the ground electrode. Strongly adsorbed. Therefore,
The insulating particles 1 </ b> B drop at a position behind the metal drum electrode 4 in the rotation direction or are scraped off by the brush 10 to form a third
Separated in the separation container 9.

When the selected particles 1 are semiconductive particles (semiconductors) 1C, the insulating particles 1B and the conductive particles 1A
And is separated into the second separation container 8.

[0010]

However, in the above-described conventional electrostatic sorting apparatus using corona discharge, when the particles to be sorted 1 are supplied in multiple layers, the insulating particles 1B are discharged in the discharge region. Even if it is charged, the upper part of the layer cannot contact (ground) the metal drum electrode 4, falls by its own weight from the metal drum electrode 4 without being adsorbed, and falls in the first separation container 7 together with the conductive particles 1 </ b> A. And the insulating particles 1B
There was a problem that the collection rate of the garbage became poor.

[0011] Further, in order to sort again, it is necessary to arrange the electrostatic sorting devices in series, and there has been a problem that the cost is too high. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive discharge-type electrostatic sorting apparatus that improves the recovery rate of insulating particles.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to the present invention, there is provided a discharge-type electrostatic sorting apparatus comprising a needle-like or blade-like high-voltage electrode and a high-voltage electrode around a horizontal axis. A plurality of grounded metal drum electrodes rotating in the direction of rotation, brushes for scraping the selected crushed dust adsorbed to the metal drum electrodes, and collecting means for collecting the sorted crushed dust scraped off by the brushes, respectively The high-voltage electrode is disposed at a position where the sorted crushed dust that is supplied by forming a layer on the upper surface of the metal drum electrode positioned at the most upstream can be charged, and each downstream metal drum electrode is disposed. In addition, the selected crushed dust is dropped from its upstream metal drum electrode by its own weight and is disposed at a position where it is sprayed on the upper surface.

According to the above configuration, when the selected crushed dust is insulating crushed dust (insulator), there is no charge replenishment from the first metal drum electrode at the uppermost stream, so that the electric field provided by the electron emission causes the electric field provided by the electron emission. The first metal drum electrode acts as a suction force, and is combined with the polarization suction force to be attracted to the first metal drum electrode. However, sorted garbage is the first
When supplied on the metal drum electrode, when the layer is formed and supplied, the insulating crushed dust in contact with the first metal drum electrode and the insulating crushed dust in a double or triple portion are adsorbed by the adsorption force. Thus, the insulating crushed dust in the upper part of the layer does not adsorb to the first metal drum electrode, falls by its own weight, and falls on the second metal drum electrode downstream. The insulating crushed dust adhering to the first metal drum electrode is scraped off by a brush and collected by a collecting means.

On the second metal drum electrode 19, the insulating crushed dust still has an adsorbing power to the ground electrode, and the insulating crushed dust and the
The triple portion of the insulating crushed dust similarly adheres to the second metal drum electrode by the above-mentioned adsorption force, but the insulating crushed dust of the upper portion of the layer does not adsorb to the second metal drum electrode and falls by its own weight. , And falls on the third metal drum electrode further downstream.
The insulating crushed dust adhering to the second metal drum electrode is scraped off by a brush and collected by a collecting means.

As described above, the insulating crushed dust is collected by the collecting means every time the powder is sequentially dropped and moved to the downstream metal drum electrode. Further, a discharge type electrostatic sorting device according to claim 2 is the discharge type electrostatic sorting device according to claim 1,
A high voltage electrode is provided for each metal drum electrode.

According to the above configuration, at each metal drum electrode position, the power of attracting the insulative pulverized dust to the ground electrode is increased, thereby improving the recovery rate of the insulative pulverized dust.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration diagram of a discharge type electrostatic sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The selected crushed refuse 11 is put into a hopper 13 via a conveyor belt conveyor device 12, falls onto a supply tray 14 from an outlet of the hopper 13, is cut out from the supply tray 14, and cut around the horizontal axis. And is sprayed on the upper surface of the grounded first metal drum electrode 15.

A high voltage is applied obliquely above the first metal drum electrode 15 in the rotational direction, and a needle-like or blade-like electrode (hereinafter, referred to as a discharge electrode) discharges to the crushed dust 11 on the first metal drum electrode 15. High voltage electrodes 16) are provided. With this arrangement, a corona discharge field is formed between the high voltage electrode 16 and the first metal drum electrode 15. Further, a brush 17 for scraping off the sorted crushed dust 11 adsorbed on the first metal drum electrode 15 is provided at a position behind the first metal drum electrode 15 (downstream of the rotation method). Brush 17
First to collect the sorted crushed trash 11 scraped off by
A collection belt conveyor device 18 is provided.

Below the first metal drum electrode 15, the selected crushed dust 11 falling from the first metal drum electrode 15 is rotated in a predetermined direction around a horizontal axis at a position where the crushed dust 11 is scattered on the upper surface. A second metal drum electrode 19 is provided. Further, a brush 20 for scraping off the sorted crushed dust 11 adsorbed on the second metal drum electrode 19 is provided at a rear position (downstream of the rotation method) of the second metal drum electrode 19. Second collection belt conveyor for collecting sorted crushed dust 11 scraped off by brush 20
21 are provided.

Further, below the second metal drum electrode 19,
A third metal drum electrode 22 that is rotated around a horizontal axis in a predetermined direction and grounded is provided at a position where the sorted crushed dust 11 falling from the second metal drum electrode 19 is scattered on the upper surface. Further, a brush 23 for scraping off the sorted crushed dust 11 adsorbed on the third metal drum electrode 22 is provided also at a position behind the third metal drum electrode 22 (downstream of the rotation method). A third collection belt conveyor device 24 is provided for collecting the sorted crushed dust 11 scraped off by the brush 23. A fourth collection belt conveyor device 25 for collecting the sorted crushed dust 11 falling from the third metal drum electrode 22 is provided.

The operation of the above configuration will be described below.
The selected crushed dust 11 cut out from the supply tray 14 and sprayed on the first metal drum electrode 15 is separated from the high voltage electrode 16 and the first
In the discharge field formed between the metal drum electrodes 15, it receives polarization and electron radiation. That is, unipolar ions are emitted from the high-voltage electrode 16 and flow into the sorted pulverized dust 11 on the first metal drum electrode 15, and the dust 11 is charged to the same polarity as the ions.

When the charged crushed dust 11 is conductive crushed dust (or semiconductive crushed dust) 11A, the charge due to the corona discharge neutralizes the opposite charge from the first metal drum electrode 15 and reverses the charge. Is charged from the first metal drum electrode 15, the repulsive force separates and jumps from the first metal drum electrode 15, and falls onto the second metal drum electrode 19.

When the selected crushed dust 11 is an insulating crushed dust (insulator) 11B, there is no charge replenishment from the first metal drum electrode 15, so that the first metal drum is not affected by the electric field given by the electron emission. It acts as a suction force on the electrode 15, and is further integrated with the polarization suction force, and is attracted to the first metal drum electrode 15. However, when the sorted crushed dust 11 is supplied on the first metal drum electrode 15 when it is formed and supplied, the insulating crushed dust 11B and 2 Insulated crushed dust 11B in the triple part is
Although it adheres to the first metal drum electrode 15 by the above-mentioned adsorption force,
The insulating crushed dust 11B in the upper part of the layer does not adsorb to the first metal drum electrode 15 but falls by its own weight, and the second metal drum electrode 19
Fall up. The insulating crushed dust 11B attached to the first metal drum electrode 15 is scraped off by a brush 17 and collected by a first collection belt conveyor device 18.

On the second metal drum electrode 19, in the case of the conductive pulverized dust 11A, it similarly jumps off from the second metal drum electrode 19 and falls onto the third metal drum electrode 22. In the case of the insulative pulverized dust 11B, the insulative pulverized dust 11B still in contact with the second metal drum electrode 19 and has a suction force to the ground electrode, and the insulated pulverized dust 11B garbage
11B is also the second metal drum electrode 19
However, the insulating crushed dust 11B in the upper part of the layer does not adsorb to the second metal drum electrode 19, falls by its own weight, and falls onto the third metal drum electrode 22. The insulative crushed dust 11B attached to the second metal drum electrode 19 is scraped off by the brush 20, and collected by the second collection belt conveyor device 21.

Further, on the third metal drum electrode 22, the third metal drum electrode 22
And is collected by the fourth collection belt conveyor device 25. Further, in the case of the insulating crushed dust 11B, the insulating crushed dust 11B still having an adsorbing force to the ground electrode, and the insulating crushed dust 11B in contact with the third metal drum electrode 22 and the insulating crushed dust are separated. The dust 11B similarly adheres to the third metal drum electrode 22 by the above-mentioned suction force, but the insulating crushed dust 11B in the upper part of the layer does not stick to the third metal drum electrode 22, falls by its own weight, and It falls onto the belt conveyor 25 for collection. The insulating crushed dust 11B attached to the third metal drum electrode 22 is scraped off by the brush 23 and collected by the third collecting belt conveyor device 24.

As described above, the first to third metal drum electrodes 1
When the insulating crushed dust 11B is sorted by 5, 19, and 22, the sorted crushed dust 11 is supplied onto the first metal drum electrode 15 even when it is formed and supplied. Insulated crushed dust 11B can be sorted out.
The recovery rate of B can be improved. Further, as compared with the case where a conventional discharge-type electrostatic sorting apparatus is arranged in series, processing can be performed with a single power supply, so that the apparatus can be formed at low cost.

In the above embodiment, the high-voltage electrode 16 is provided so as to face the first metal drum electrode 15, but the high-voltage electrode is provided so as to face the second and third metal drum electrodes 19 and 22. It can also be provided. According to this configuration, the power of attracting the insulating crushed dust 11B to the ground electrode (metal drum electrode) can be increased, and the recovery rate of the insulating crushed dust 11B can be improved.

In the above embodiment, three metal drum electrodes are provided. However, by providing the same metal drum electrode further downstream, the recovery rate of the insulating crushed dust 11B can be further improved. .

As a collecting means for collecting the sorted and crushed refuse 11, the collecting belt conveyor devices 18, 21, and
24, 25, but not limited to conveyor equipment
The separation container and a truck provided with the separation container may be provided.

[0031]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the insulated pulverized dust is sorted at each metal drum electrode, so that the selected pulverized dust is supplied onto the metal drum electrode. , Even when supplied in layers
Most of the insulating crushed dust can be sorted out, and the recovery rate of the insulating crushed dust can be improved. Further, as compared with the case where a conventional discharge-type electrostatic sorting apparatus is arranged in series, processing can be performed with a single power supply, so that the apparatus can be formed at low cost.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to increase the power of attracting the insulated crushed dust to the ground electrode in each metal drum electrode, thereby improving the recovery rate of the crushed insulated dust. it can.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of a discharge type electrostatic sorting device showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a conventional discharge-type electrostatic sorting device.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 Sorted crushed dust 11A Conductive crushed dust 11B Insulated crushed dust 12 Conveyor belt conveyor device 13 Hopper 14 Supply tray 15,19,22 Metal drum electrode 16 High voltage electrode 17,20,23 Brush 18,21,24, 25 Belt conveyor for collection (collection means)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Chiaki Tojo 5-28 Nishikujo, Konohana-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Hitachi Zosen Corporation (56) References JP-A-59-109263 (JP, A) Open Sho 64-52564 (JP, U) Actual open Sho 57-123652 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B03C ^7/ 00-7/12

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A needle-shaped or blade-shaped high-voltage electrode, a plurality of grounded metal drum electrodes rotating around a horizontal axis, and a brush for scraping off selected crushed dust adsorbed on the metal drum electrodes. And collecting means for collecting the sorted and crushed dust scraped off by the brushes. The high-voltage electrode is supplied by forming a layer on the upper surface of the metal drum electrode located at the most upstream position. The selected crushed dust is disposed at a position where charging can be performed, and each downstream metal drum electrode is disposed at a position where the selected crushed dust falls by its own weight from the upstream metal drum electrode and is sprayed on the upper surface. A discharge type electrostatic sorting apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 2. A discharge type electrostatic sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a high voltage electrode is provided for each metal drum electrode.