JPH0971769A - Brake material and emergency stopper for elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a brake material for elevator emergency stoppers which has heat resistance and a stably high coefficient of friction even under high- speed high-stress conditions and has excellent seizing resistance on a rail. SOLUTION: This material comprises a ceramic matrix selected from among silicon nitride, titanium boride, Sialon, and silicon carbide and, dispersed therein, silicon carbide whiskers and/or platy silicon carbide particles (platelets). It has a content of the whiskers and/or platelets of 10wt.% or higher.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a brake material for an emergency stop device such as a train or an elevator and an elevator emergency stop device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An elevator is provided with an emergency stop device to prevent the elevator from dropping due to unexpected damage or the like. This emergency stop device includes a U-shaped elastic member having a pair of horizontally openable ends attached to the bottom of a car that is moved up and down by an elevating means, and inner surfaces of both ends of the elastic member that face each other. And a pair of plate-shaped guide members having opposite surfaces inclined outward, and a rail having a T-shaped cross section extending vertically between the guide members along the inclined surfaces of the guide members and extending in the vertical direction. And a pair of brake shoes having facing surfaces parallel to the vertical direction, which are arranged so as to face each other with respect to each other, and pulling means attached to the brake shoes and for pulling the brake shoes upward. It has become. In such an emergency stop device, when the car falls due to breakage of the elevating means, the falling speed is detected to operate the pulling means, pulling the brake shoe upward along the guide member, and By sandwiching the rail between the facing surfaces of the brake shoe by the elastic force of the member, the car that falls due to the frictional force acting between the brake shoe and the rail is decelerated and stopped.

[0003] Conventionally, the brake shoe is made of a material such as cast iron or a copper-based sintered alloy having an appropriate friction coefficient and wear resistance. However, year by year, as the height of buildings increases, the demand for elevators that increase in speed and capacity increases, and the problems of heat generated by friction and a decrease in friction coefficient arise. For example, according to a simulation,
When the operating speed of the elevator reaches 800 m / min, the local temperature on the friction sliding surface may exceed 1000 ° C. When such a temperature is generated when the elevator is decelerated and stopped, it becomes difficult to use a brake shoe made of metal from the viewpoint of strength and heat resistance. Moreover,
After the deceleration stop, problems such as seizure occur due to the reaction between the brake shoe and the rail.

[0004] For these reasons, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-346
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 74 discloses the use of a brake shoe having a main body made of metal and a protrusion made of ceramic having excellent heat resistance, which is embedded in a surface of the main body facing the rail. However, since the protrusion made of ceramic is brittle and inferior in toughness, there is a problem in that the protrusion is damaged when sandwiched with the rail at the time of deceleration stop described above.

[0005]

In order to safely stop an elevator operating at high speed in an emergency, a stable high friction coefficient even under high speed and high stress, heat resistance exceeding 1000 ° C., toughness and wear resistance. It is necessary to use a material having properties such as sex. Conventional metal materials are inferior in heat resistance, and it is difficult to maintain sufficient strength and wear characteristics under high-temperature friction heat and prevent seizure with rails. Further, the brake shoe having the ceramic projection is damaged due to its brittleness or the like when sliding with the rail when the vehicle is decelerated and stopped.

The present invention is intended to provide a brake material for an elevator emergency stop device, which has a heat resistance of over 1000 ° C., a high friction coefficient which is stable under high speed and high stress, and an excellent seizure resistance with respect to rails. It is a thing.

An object of the present invention is to provide an elevator emergency stop device capable of surely decelerating and stopping the car without causing seizure with the rail when the car is dropped due to breakage of the lifting means. .

[0008]

A brake material for an elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention comprises a ceramic base material selected from silicon nitride, titanium boride, sialon and silicon carbide, and a silicon carbide whisker and / or a silicon carbide plate. Particles (platelets) are contained, and the content of the silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide platelets is 10% by weight or more.

Another brake material for an elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention is a ceramic base material selected from silicon nitride, titanium boride, sialon and silicon carbide, and silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide plate-like particles (platelets). ) And at least one continuous fiber selected from silicon carbide, silicon nitride, carbon and tungsten, and the content of the silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide platelets is 10% by weight or more, and the continuous fiber Is 10 to 55% by volume.

An elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention comprises an elastic member having a pair of horizontally expandable end portions attached to a bottom portion of a car which is moved up and down by an elevating means, and inner surfaces of both end portions of the elastic member. A pair of plate-shaped guide members that are mounted to face each other and have their facing surfaces inclined outward, and a cross section T extending vertically between the guide members along the inclined surfaces of the guide members and extending in the vertical direction. A pair of brake shoes having facing surfaces parallel to the vertical direction, which are arranged so as to face each other around the V-shaped rail, and a pulling means attached to each of the brake shoes and for pulling the brake shoes upward. Be equipped with
When the car is dropped due to the breakage of the elevating means, the pulling means operates to pull up the brake shoe along the guide member, and the elastic force of the elastic member causes the opposing surface of the brake shoe to move the rail. An elevator emergency stop device for holding the car to prevent the car from falling, wherein the brake shoe is embedded perpendicularly to the facing surface such that one end is exposed in the area including the facing surface. It is characterized in that it has a structure in which a brake portion having the ceramic fibers formed therein or a brake portion in which the ceramic fibers are one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally embedded in the facing surface is formed.

Another elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention is an elastic member having a pair of horizontally expandable end portions attached to the bottom of a car that is moved up and down by an elevating means, and both ends of the elastic member. A pair of plate-shaped guide members that are attached to the inner surfaces of the parts so as to face each other, and the facing surfaces are inclined outward, and extend vertically between the guide members along the inclined surfaces of the guide members and vertically. A pair of brake shoes having facing surfaces parallel to the vertical direction, which are arranged so as to face each other around a rail having a T-shaped cross section, and pulling means attached to the brake shoes and for pulling the brake shoes upward. And
When the car is dropped due to the breakage of the elevating means, the pulling means operates to pull up the brake shoe along the guide member, and the elastic force of the elastic member causes the opposing surface of the brake shoe to move the rail. Is an elevator emergency stop device for holding the car to prevent falling of the car, wherein the brake shoe has a brake portion formed of ceramic in which concavities and convexities of a desired shape are formed in the opposing surface in a region including the opposing surface. It is characterized by having the above structure.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 is a schematic view showing an elevator system including an emergency stop device, FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrow A of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the emergency stop device of FIG. The pair of emergency stop devices 1 are attached to the left and right bottom portions of the car 2 so as to face each other. The rope 3 of the elevator (not shown) is attached to the upper plate of the car 2. The pair of rails 4 are respectively arranged along the side surface of the car 2 in which the pair of emergency stop devices 1 are arranged in the ascending / descending direction thereof.

A governor rope 6 having an engaging member 5 attached midway facing the car 2 is pivotally supported between a pulley 7 below and a governor 8 installed on the roof or the like. ing. The first lever 9 is engaged with the engaging member 5. A second lever 10 whose tip is located on the right side of the car 2 is connected to the first lever 9 via a long lever 11. The two pulling wires 12 have their ends attached to the first lever 9 respectively, and their lower ends attached to a brake shoe, which will be described later, of the emergency stop device 1 attached to the left bottom portion of the car 2. The ends of the two pulling wires 13 are attached to the second lever 10, respectively, and the lower ends thereof are attached to a brake shoe, which will be described later, of the emergency stop device 1 attached to the right bottom portion of the car 2. The gripping member 14 is arranged near the governor 8. The rope 3 is cut due to a trouble of the elevator, the car 2 is dropped, and the descent speed of the speed governor rope 6 connected to the car 2 via the levers 9 and 10 exceeds a set speed. When it is detected by the speed governor 8, this detection signal is output to the gripping member 14 and the gripping member 14 operates to grip the speed governor rope 6. When the governor rope 6 is gripped in this way, the first and second levers 9, 10 engaged with the engaging member 5 attached in the middle thereof pull up wires 12, attached to them. 13 is pulled to pull up a brake shoe of a pair of emergency stop devices 1 described later. Speed governor rope 6 having such an engaging member 5, pulley 7, speed governor 8, first and second levers 9, 1
0, the long lever 11, the pulling wires 12 and 13, and the grasping member 14 constitute pulling means.

The emergency stop device 1 is provided with an L-shaped casing 15 as shown in FIGS. An upper end of a side wall of the casing 15 is bent outward at a right angle to form an L-shaped beam 16 connected to the bottom surface of the car 2.
An upper plate 18 having an L-shaped beam 17 connected to the bottom surface of the car 2 is attached to an inner surface of an upper side wall of the casing 15. On the bottom plate of the casing 15, the T
A notch 19 is formed through which the protrusion of the V-shaped rail 4 is inserted. The elastic member 20 having a U-shaped upper surface has a pair of end portions that can be opened, and the side surface of the one end portion is attached to the inner surface of the side wall of the casing 15. That is, one end of the elastic member 20 is attached to the inner surface of the side wall of the casing 15, and the other end of the elastic member 20 is free so that the elastic member 20 can be expanded by its elastic force. Guide members 21 ₁ , 2 made of a pair of inverted trapezoidal plate materials
1 ₂ are attached to the inner surfaces of the pair of end portions of the elastic member 20 so as to face each other. Such a guide member 21
By attaching ₁ and 21 _{2 to} the elastic member 20, a substantially inverted V-shaped space is formed between them. The pair of brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ are connected to the guide members 21 ₁ and 21 _{2 respectively.}
They are arranged in opposition to each other, and their lower portions are placed on the bottom plate of the casing 15. The brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ have the guide member 21.
It is arranged so as to be vertically movable along the inclined surfaces of ₁ and 21 ₂ .
A protruding portion of the rail 4 having a T-shaped cross section that extends in the vertical direction is located between the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ , and has an opposing surface that is parallel to the vertical direction. The pull-up wire 13 is connected to the brake shoes 22 ₁ , 22 ₂
It is attached to the front of the upper part of the. Slender brake part 23
₁ , 23 ₂ are formed in elongated regions along the facing surfaces of the brake shoes 22 ₁ , 22 ₂ .

The brake parts 23 ₁ and 23 ₂ have materials or structures (1) to (4) described below. 1) Brake Part This brake part contains silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide plate-like particles (platelets) in a ceramic base material selected from silicon nitride, titanium boride, sialon and silicon carbide, and It is made of a material having a whisker and / or silicon carbide platelet content of 10% by weight or more.

The reason for defining the content of the silicon carbide whiskers and / or the silicon carbide platelets is as follows.
When the content is less than 10% by weight, it becomes impossible to achieve improvement of the friction coefficient and prevention of temporal change of the friction coefficient as compared with the ceramic base material alone. In addition, the upper limit of the content of the silicon carbide whiskers and / or the silicon carbide platelets is preferably 40% by weight so as not to reduce the denseness of the brake portion.

The silicon carbide whiskers (acicular shape),
Each of the silicon carbide platelets (plate shape) may be contained alone in the ceramic base material, but from the viewpoint of improving the friction coefficient of the brake portion, both silicon carbide whiskers and silicon carbide platelets having different shapes are contained. Preferably.

2) Brake Section This brake section comprises a ceramic base material selected from silicon nitride, titanium boride, sialon and silicon carbide, and silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide plate-like particles (platelets), silicon carbide and nitride. At least one continuous fiber selected from silicon, carbon and tungsten is contained, and the content of the silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide platelets is 10% by weight or more, and the content of the continuous fibers is 10 to 10. It consists of 55% by volume of material.

The continuous fiber has a diameter of several tens to several hundreds μ.
m is preferable. However, the length of the continuous fiber can be adjusted as desired depending on the size of the material and the like.
The content of the continuous fiber is defined for the following reason. The content of the continuous fiber is 10% by volume
If it is less than 1, it becomes difficult to improve the friction coefficient and prevent the change over time. On the other hand, if the content of the continuous fibers exceeds 55% by volume, it becomes difficult to increase the strength of the ceramic base material, and when a brake shoe having a brake portion made of this material makes sliding contact with the rail during deceleration stop. Then, a crack is generated in the ceramic base material of the brake part. The more preferable content of the continuous fibers is 15 to 30% by volume.

3) Brake unit As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the brake unit 23 ₁
(23 ₂ ) exposes a large number of ceramic fibers 25 in the plate-shaped ceramic base material 24 on the surface of the base material 24 (the surface that is the surface facing the brake shoes 22 ₁ , 22 ₂ in FIG. 3 described above). It has a structure buried in.

As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the brake portion 23 ₁ (23 ₂ ) has a plate-shaped ceramic base material 24 and a bundle 26 of ceramic fibers on the surface of the base material 24 (described above). It has a structure in which it is embedded so as to be exposed at the surfaces which are the opposing surfaces of the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 6A, the brake unit 23
₁ (23 ₂ ) includes a large number of ceramic fibers 27 on the surface of the plate-shaped ceramic base material 24 (the surface that faces the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ of FIG. 3 described above) serving as rails. It has a structure in which it is embedded side by side so as to be perpendicular to the sliding direction of.

As shown in FIG. 6B, the brake unit 23
₁ (23 ₂ ) includes a large number of ceramic fibers 27 on the surface of the plate-shaped ceramic base material 24 (the surface that faces the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ of FIG. 3 described above) serving as rails. It has a structure in which it is embedded side by side so as to be parallel to the sliding direction of.

As shown in FIG. 6C, the brake portion 23
₁ (23 ₂ ) has a structure in which ceramic fibers 27 are arranged and embedded in a lattice pattern on the surface of the plate-shaped ceramic base material 24 (the surface that faces the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ in FIG. 3 described above). .

As shown in FIG. 6D, the brake portion 23
₁ (23 ₂ ) is a grid of ceramic fibers 27 on the surface of the plate-shaped ceramic base material 24 (the surface that faces the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ in FIG. 3 described above) and the diagonal line of the grid is It has a structure in which it is embedded side by side so as to be parallel to the sliding direction with the rail. These fibers are not limited to the surface and may be embedded inside.

The ceramic base material is made of, for example, silicon nitride, sialon, silicon carbide or the like. Sialon is
Either α-sialon or β-sialon may be used,
Β represented by Si _6-z Al _z N _8-z (0 <z ≦ 4.2)
-Sialon is more preferred.

The ceramic base material used in FIGS. 6A to 6D allows the whiskers, platelets or continuous fibers made of a ceramic such as silicon carbide to be embedded and reinforced therein.

The ceramic fibers are made of silicon carbide, for example. 4) Brake unit As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the brake unit 23 ₁
(23 ₂ ) rails the protrusion 28 integrated with the base metal 24 on the surface of the plate-shaped ceramic base material 24 (the surface that faces the brake shoes 22 ₁ , 22 ₂ in FIG. 3 described above). It has a structure in which many are arranged in a V shape along the sliding direction with.

As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the brake portion 23 ₁ (23 ₂ ) is formed on the surface of the plate-shaped ceramic base material 24 (the above-mentioned brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ of FIG. 3). A large number of strip-shaped protrusions 29 integrated with the base material 24 are arranged on the surface (opposing surface) so as to be perpendicular to the sliding direction with respect to the rail.

As shown in FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b), the brake portion 23 ₁ (23 ₂ ) is formed on the surface of the plate-shaped ceramic base material 24 (the above-mentioned brake shoes 22 ₁ , 22 ₂ of FIG. 3). A large number of pyramid-shaped protrusions 30 integrated with the base material 24 are arranged on the surface (opposing surface).

As shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b), the brake portion 23 ₁ (23 ₂ ) has a plate-shaped ceramic base material 24.
Surface of the brake shoe 22 ₁ , 22 _{2 of} FIG.
(A surface which is a surface facing each other) has a structure in which a large number of semicylindrical projections 31 integrated with the base material 24 are arranged at right angles to the sliding direction with the rail.

The ceramic base material is made of, for example, silicon nitride, sialon, silicon carbide or the like. The ceramic matrix and the protrusions allow the whiskers, platelets or continuous fibers made of a ceramic such as silicon carbide to be embedded and reinforced therein.

The height of the protrusion is preferably 10 mm or less. If the height of the protrusion exceeds 10 mm, when the brake shoe having the brake portion having the protrusion is slidably contacted with the rail during deceleration stop, the protrusion may be damaged from the root and fall off. More preferably, the height of the protrusion is 1 to 5 mm.

The operation of the elevator emergency stop device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 (a), 11 (b) and FIG.
This will be described with reference to (a) and (b). 11 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the elevator emergency stop device during normal operation, FIG. 11 (b) is a sectional view taken along line bb of FIG. 11 (a), and FIG. 12 (a). Is a transverse sectional view showing the elevator emergency stop device in an emergency, and FIG. 7B is a sectional view taken along the line bb of FIG.

When the elevator is operating normally, as shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b), the opposing surfaces of the pair of brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ are constant with respect to the protrusion of the rail 4. Are spaced apart. Therefore, the deceleration stop operation of the car 2 by the elevator emergency stop device does not work.

On the other hand, when the rope 3 is cut due to the trouble of the elevator shown in FIG. 1 or the like, the car 2 lifted by the rope 3 falls, which is a so-called emergency state. As the car 2 drops, the speed governor rope 6 connected to the car 2 via the levers 9, 10 and the like also descends, and the speed governor 8 indicates that the descending speed exceeds the set speed.
When detected by, the detection signal is output to the gripping member 14 and the gripping member 14 operates to grip the speed governor rope 6. When the governor rope 6 is gripped in this way,
The pulling wires 12, 13 attached to them are pulled by the first and second levers 9, 10 engaged with the engaging member 5 attached midway. When the pull-up wires 12 and 13 are pulled, (a) and (b) of FIG.
A pair of brake shoes 22 ₁ in the pair of the emergency stop device 1 as shown in, 22 ₂ against the elastic force to be close to each other at both ends of the elastic member 20 of the U-shaped guide member 21 _1, 21 ₂ It is pulled up along the slope. When the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ are pulled up, the facing distance between them is narrowed so that the facing surface is the rail 4
When the elastic member 20 comes into contact with the protrusions and the elastic force of the elastic member 20 acts as a reaction force, the opposing surfaces sandwich the protrusions of the rail 4. The brake shoes 22 ₁ ,
Since the brake parts 23 ₁ and 23 ₂ are formed in the elongated regions along the facing surface of the brake plate 22 ₂ , the brake parts 23 ₁ and 22 ₂ are clamped by the protrusions of the rail 4 by the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ , respectively. _A frictional force is exerted between ₁ , 23 ₂ and the protrusion of the rail 4 to decelerate and stop the car 2 that falls.

In the process of decelerating and stopping the car 2 by the elevator emergency stop device 1 described above, the brake portions 23 ₁ and 23 ₂ that are in sliding contact with the rail are selected from the silicon nitride, titanium boride, sialon and silicon carbide described in 1) above. The ceramic base material containing silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide platelets, and the silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide platelets being formed of a material having a content of 10% by weight or more, the temperature of 1000 ° C. High heat resistance and high speed
It has a stable high friction coefficient even under high stress, and has excellent seizure resistance to the rail, and can suppress a change in the friction coefficient with time.

That is, when the brake portion is formed of ceramic alone, the sliding property between the rail protrusions gradually improves the familiarity between the rail material and the ceramic, and exhibits a certain lubricating effect. On the other hand, unlike the base metal of the present invention, unlike the base metal of the present invention, by forming the brake portion from a material containing whiskers and platelets having a very anisotropic shape, heat resistance exceeding 1000 ° C. And has a stable high friction coefficient even under high speed and high stress, and prevents the occurrence of a lubricating effect on the sliding surface between the rail and the brake portion, and suppresses the change in friction coefficient over time. As a result, the brake parts 23 ₁ , 23 of the above 1)
_The elevator emergency stop device 1 provided with the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ having the ₂ drops the cage 2 when the rope 3 is cut due to a trouble of the elevator or the like.
Can be surely decelerated and stopped.

Further, the brake part is formed by using a ceramic base material selected from the above-mentioned 2) silicon nitride, titanium boride, sialon and silicon carbide, silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide plate-like particles (platelets), silicon carbide and nitriding. At least one continuous fiber selected from silicon, carbon and tungsten is contained, and the content of the silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide platelets is 10% by weight or more, and the content of the continuous fibers is 10 to 10. The ceramic base material has a heat resistance of over 1000 ° C., a high coefficient of friction that is stable even under high speed and high stress, and excellent seizure resistance against rails when formed from a material that is 55% by volume. Are reinforced by the continuous fibers. As a result, the brake shoes 22 ₁ , 22 having the brake portions 23 ₁ , 23 ₂
Elevator emergency stop device 1 equipped with ₂ is used in an emergency when the rope 3 is cut due to a trouble of the elevator.
It is possible to reliably decelerate and stop the falling car 2 without causing cracks or the like in the ceramic base material of the brake part that slides on the rails.

Further, in the brake portion having the structure shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 described in the above 3), ceramic fibers are provided on the surfaces of the plate-shaped ceramic base material which are opposed to the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ of FIG. Since it is arranged perpendicularly or parallel to the surface, it has heat resistance of over 1000 ° C, stable high friction coefficient even under high speed and high stress, and excellent seizure resistance to rails. In particular, in a brake part having a structure in which a ceramic fiber or a bundle thereof is embedded in a plate-shaped ceramic base material perpendicularly to the surface and exposed, a large number of fine fibers exposed on the surface embed hard particles. The same effect as described above is exhibited, and stable friction and wear characteristics are imparted without the fallen particles such as hard particles damaging the rail. Therefore, the brake part 23 ₁ ,
The elevator emergency stop device 1 including the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ having 23 ₂ can surely decelerate and stop the falling car 2 in an emergency when the rope 3 is cut due to a trouble of the elevator.

Further, FIGS. 7 to 10 described in 4) above.
Brake unit 23 of the structure shown in _1, 23 ₂ is a brake shoe 22 ₁ in FIG. 3 in the ceramic base material 24 a plate-like, 2
2 ₂ has a structure in which a plurality of protrusions integrated with the base material 24 are formed on the surfaces to be opposed to each other, so that it has heat resistance exceeding 1000 ° C., a high friction coefficient stable under high speed and high stress, and a rail. It has excellent seizure resistance. Therefore, the elevator emergency stop device 1 provided with the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ having the brake portions 23 ₁ and 23 ₂ has its rope 3 caused by a trouble of the elevator.
It is possible to reliably decelerate and stop the falling car 2 in an emergency when the car is cut.

[0042]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. (Examples 1 to 32 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12) Ceramics (brake material) containing silicon carbide whiskers, platelets and sialon having the compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.
An inertia friction test was conducted by sliding contact between the rail and the rail. Here, sialon is Si _6-z Al _z N _8-z (0 <z ≦
4.2) a β-sialon composed of Si ₄ Al ₂ O ₂ N ₆ having az value of 2, and Si ₃ N ₄ , Al ₂ O ₃ and AlN.
It was made from a mixed powder of.

The inertial friction test was conducted by the following procedure. Pin material (TP ₁ ) for each brake material
In addition, a disc-shaped test piece (T
Processed into P ₂ ). In the experiment, the tip of the test piece TP ₁ was pressed against the circular surface of the rotating test piece TP ₂ , and at the same time the rotation of TP ₂ was decelerated, and the pressing pressure, frictional force, and so on, up to the stop,
The number of rotations was measured and the correlation between the friction speed and the friction coefficient was investigated. The experimental conditions were set based on the operating conditions of the 800 m / min elevator emergency stop device, and the load was set so that the surface pressure was 50 MPa. Friction speed 7 immediately after starting sliding
The values of the friction coefficient at 50 m / min and the intermediate friction speed of 400 m / min are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 below. In Tables 1 and 2, μ750 indicates a friction coefficient of 750 m / min immediately after the start of sliding, and μ400 indicates a friction coefficient of 400 m / min immediately after the start of sliding.

[0044]

[Table 1]

[0045]

[Table 2]

Further, with respect to the brake materials of Example 1 of Table 1 and Comparative Example 1 of Table 2, changes in the friction coefficient from the start of friction to the stop were examined. The result is shown in FIG. As is clear from Tables 1 and 2 and FIG.
All of the brake materials of ~ 32 show high friction coefficient,
Moreover, the value does not change, and it can be seen that it has excellent friction characteristics. In particular, Sialon has a high friction coefficient by itself.

Further, the brake materials of Examples 1 to 32 are used to form the brake parts 23, 23 of the elevator emergency stop device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the rope of the elevator is cut, and the car is moved at a speed of 800 m / min. The experiment of the emergency stop situation when dropped by. As a result, the car was decelerated and stopped within 30 m after dropping due to friction between the pair of brake shoes and the rail.

(Examples 33 to 57 and Comparative Examples 13 to 2)
4) In addition to silicon carbide whiskers and platelets having the compositions shown in Tables 3 and 4 below, an inertial friction test was conducted by sliding contact between a rail (ceramic material containing various continuous fibers) (brake material). That is, each brake material is used as a pin material (TP ₁ ) on the SS40 rail material.
0 material was processed into a disc-shaped test piece (TP ₂ ). The experiment is
The tip of the test piece TP ₁ is pressed against the circular surface of the rotating test piece TP ₂ , and at the same time the rotation of TP ₂ is decelerated, and the pressing pressure, the friction force, and the rotation speed up to the stop are measured, and the friction speed and the friction coefficient are measured. I checked the correlation with. Experimental condition is 800m / m
The load was set so that the surface pressure would be 100 MPa, which is twice the value in Example 1, based on the operating conditions of the elevator emergency stop device of in. Friction speed 750 immediately after starting sliding
Tables 3 and 4 below show the values of the friction coefficient at the intermediate friction speed of 400 m / min and the crack generation state, respectively. In Tables 3 and 4, μ750 indicates a friction coefficient of 750 m / min immediately after the start of sliding, and μ400 indicates a friction coefficient of 400 m / min immediately after the start of sliding. In addition, the cracks were evaluated as follows: O: No cracks, Δ: Some cracks were generated, X: Cracks were generated.

[0049]

[Table 3]

[0050]

[Table 4]

As is clear from Tables 3 and 4, the brake materials of Examples 33 to 57 all have a high friction coefficient, and their values do not change, and they have excellent friction characteristics and crack generation. It can be seen that it has no good mechanical strength.

Further, the brake materials of Examples 33 to 57 are used to form the brake parts 23 and 23 of the elevator emergency stop device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and the rope of the elevator is cut to make the car 800 m / min. The experiment of the emergency stop situation when dropped by. As a result, the car was decelerated and stopped within 30 m after dropping due to friction between the pair of brake shoes and the rail.

Example 58 Y ₂ O ₃ 5 as a sintering aid
Silicon carbide powder containing 1% by weight and 2% by weight of Al ₂ O _{3 in} silicon carbide long fibers having a heat resistance of over 1700 ° C. and a high friction coefficient (trade name of TEXTRON; SCS
-3) so that 6) is perpendicular to the final plate surface.
A 0% by weight blending was carried out, and hot pressing was carried out for 1 hour at 1700 ° C. under a press pressure of 300 kg / cm ² in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce a brake part having a structure shown in FIG.

An inertial friction test was conducted by sliding contact between the brake portion and the rail of the obtained Example 58. That is, the pin-shaped test piece (TP ₁ ) was processed so that the silicon carbide long fibers were arranged perpendicularly to the tip surface of the brake part.
Further, SS400 material as a rail material was processed into a disk-shaped test piece (TP ₂ ). The experiment is a rotating test piece TP ₂
Press the tip of the test piece TP ₁ against the circular surface of
₍₂ ) Decelerate the rotation and measure the pressing pressure, friction force, and rotation speed up to the stop, and change the friction coefficient from the start of friction to the stop and the relative wear amount of the pin-shaped test piece after the test. Examined. The results are shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. The experimental conditions were set based on the operating conditions of the 800 m / min elevator emergency stop device. 14 and 15, a pin-shaped test piece (TP ₁ ) machined from a steel material made of FC250 was used as Comparative Example 25, and similar changes in friction coefficient from the start to the end of friction and the pin-like shape. The relative wear amount of the test piece after the test is shown.

As is apparent from FIG. 14, the brake part of Example 58 has a higher coefficient of friction immediately after friction than the brake material of Comparative Example 25, and is further stable from the start to the end of the experiment. . Further, as is clear from FIG. 15, it can be seen that the brake portion of Example 58 exhibits superior characteristics in the amount of relative wear as compared with the brake material of Comparative Example 25.

Further, the brake part of the embodiment 58 is shown in FIGS.
Brake shoe 2 of the elevator emergency stop device shown in FIG.
An emergency stop situation was tested when the car was installed in 2 ₁ , 22 ₂ and the elevator rope was cut and the car was dropped at a speed of 800 m / min. As a result, the car was decelerated and stopped within 30 m after dropping due to friction between the pair of brake shoes and the rail.

(Example 59) Y ₂ O ₃ 5 as a sintering aid
A yarn (manufactured by Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd.) in which several hundreds of Nicalon fibers having a diameter of about 10 μm are bundled in a silicon nitride powder containing 5% by weight of MgAl ₂ O ₄ so as to be perpendicular to the final plate-like surface 30 16% by weight in a nitrogen atmosphere
A hot press was performed for 1 hour at a temperature of 00 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 300 kg / cm ² to produce a brake part having a structure shown in FIG.

An inertial friction test was carried out by sliding contact between the brake portion and the rail of the obtained Example 59. That is, the pin-shaped test piece (TP ₁ ) was processed so that the yarn was arranged perpendicularly to the front end surface of the brake portion. Further, SS400 material as a rail material was processed into a disk-shaped test piece (TP ₂ ). Experiments pressing the tip of the test piece TP ₁ in a circular surface of the test piece TP ₂ to rotate, to simultaneously reduce the rotation of the TP _2, measured pressure pressing until reached a stop, the frictional force, the rotation speed, starting friction The change in the coefficient of friction from the time to the stop and the relative wear after the test of the pin-shaped test piece were examined. As a result, it was confirmed that a high friction coefficient and a low relative wear amount were exhibited as in Example 59.

Furthermore, the brake part of the embodiment 59 is shown in FIGS.
Brake shoe 2 of the elevator emergency stop device shown in FIG.
An emergency stop situation was tested when the car was installed in 2 ₁ , 22 ₂ and the elevator rope was cut and the car was dropped at a speed of 800 m / min. As a result, the car was decelerated and stopped within 30 m after dropping due to friction between the pair of brake shoes and the rail.

(Example 60) Y ₂ O ₃ 5 as a sintering aid
Silicon carbide powder containing 1% by weight and 2% by weight of Al ₂ O _{3 in} silicon carbide long fibers having a heat resistance of over 1700 ° C. and a high friction coefficient (trade name of TEXTRON; SCS
-6) is arranged one-dimensionally so as to be parallel to the surface of the final plate-like object, and the press pressure is 300 at 1700 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
By hot pressing for 1 hour under the condition of kg / cm ² , a brake part having a structure shown in FIG. 6 (A) was produced.

Example 61 Y ₂ O ₃ 5 as a sintering aid
Weight% and 5% by weight of MgAl ₂ O ₄ were placed on the silicon nitride powder so that the two-dimensional Nicalon fibers were parallel to the surface of the final plate-like object, and the pressure was 300 kg / cm ² at 1600 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. By hot pressing for 1 hour under the conditions, a brake part having a structure shown in FIG. 6C was manufactured.

An inertial friction test was carried out by sliding contact between the brake portions and the rails of the obtained Examples 60 and 61. That is, the pin-shaped test piece (TP ₁ ) was processed so that the fibers were arranged in parallel with the front end surface of each brake part. In addition, a disc-shaped test piece (T
Processed into P ₂ ). In the experiment, the tip of the test piece TP ₁ was pressed against the circular surface of the rotating test piece TP ₂ , and at the same time the rotation of TP ₂ was decelerated, and the pressing pressure, frictional force, and so on, up to the stop,
The number of rotations was measured, and the change in the friction coefficient from the start of friction to the stop and the relative wear amount of the pin-shaped test piece after the test were examined. The results are shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. FIG.
6, FIG. 17 also shows the results of Comparative Example 25 described above.

As is clear from FIG. 16, Examples 60 and 6
It can be seen that the brake part of No. 1 has a higher friction coefficient immediately after friction than the brake material of Comparative Example 25, and is more stable from the start of the experiment to the stop. Also, FIG.
As is clear from FIG. 7, the brake parts of Examples 60 and 61 show superior characteristics in the amount of relative wear as compared with the brake material of Comparative Example 25.

Further, the brake parts of Examples 60 and 61 were incorporated into the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ of the elevator emergency stop device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the rope of the elevator was cut, and the car was moved at a speed of 800 m / min. The state of emergency stop when dropped was tested. As a result, the car was decelerated and stopped within 30 m after dropping due to friction between the pair of brake shoes and the rail.

Example 62 Y ₂ O ₃ 5 as a sintering aid
Silicon nitride powder containing 5% by weight and 5% by weight of MgAl ₂ O ₄ in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1700 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 300 kg
After hot-pressing for 1 hour under the condition of / cm ² to form a plate-like material, NC is performed so that the V-shaped protrusions are regularly arranged.
By processing, the brake part having the structure shown in FIG. 7 was produced.

Example 63 Y ₂ O ₃ 5 as a sintering aid
Silicon nitride powder containing 5% by weight and 5% by weight of MgAl ₂ O ₄ in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1700 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 300 kg
After hot-pressing for 1 hour under a condition of / cm ² to form a plate-like material, NC processing is performed so that strip-shaped projections parallel to each other are regularly arranged to form a brake part having a structure shown in FIG. It was made.

Example 64 Y ₂ O ₃ 5 as a sintering aid
Silicon nitride powder containing 5% by weight and 5% by weight of MgAl ₂ O ₄ in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1700 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 300 kg
After hot-pressing for 1 hour under the condition of / cm ² to form a plate-like material, NC processing was carried out so that the pyramid-shaped projections were regularly arranged, whereby a brake part having a structure shown in FIG. 9 was produced. .

Example 65 Y ₂ O ₃ 5 as a sintering aid
Silicon nitride powder containing 5% by weight and 5% by weight of MgAl ₂ O ₄ in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1700 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 300 kg
After hot-pressing for 1 hour under the condition of / cm ² to form a plate-like material, NC processing is performed so that the parallel protrusions of a semi-cylindrical shape are regularly arranged to form the brake portion having the structure shown in FIG. Was produced.

An inertial friction test was conducted on the obtained brake parts of Examples 62 to 65 by sliding contact with the rails. That is, the pin-shaped test piece (TP ₁ ) was processed so that the protrusions were located on the tip surfaces of the respective brake parts. Further, SS400 material as a rail material was processed into a disk-shaped test piece (TP ₂ ). Experiments pressing the tip of the test piece TP ₁ in a circular surface of the test piece TP ₂ to rotate, to simultaneously reduce the rotation of the TP _2, measured pressure pressing until reached a stop, the frictional force, the rotation speed, starting friction The change in the coefficient of friction from the time to the stop and the relative wear after the test of the pin-shaped test piece were examined. The results are shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. The results of Comparative Example 25 described above are also shown in FIGS. 18 and 19.

As is clear from FIG. 18, Examples 62 to 6
It can be seen that the brake part of No. 5 has a higher friction coefficient immediately after friction than the brake material of Comparative Example 25, and is further stable from the start of the experiment to the stop. Also, FIG.
As is clear from FIG. 9, the brake parts of Examples 62 to 65 show superior characteristics in the amount of relative wear as compared with the brake material of Comparative Example 25.

Further, the brake parts of Examples 62 to 65 were incorporated into the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ of the elevator emergency stop device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the rope of the elevator was cut, and the car was moved at a speed of 800 m / min. The state of emergency stop when dropped was tested. As a result, the car was decelerated and stopped within 30 m after dropping due to friction between the pair of brake shoes and the rail.

(Embodiment 66) FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a brake shoe used in this embodiment 66. The brake shoe 41 having a quadrangular pyramid shape is made of ceramics, and has three groove portions 42 vertically extending on a surface facing the rail. The brake parts 43 made of three ceramic plates are respectively inserted into the groove parts 42 so as to project from the facing surfaces of the rails by, for example, 1 mm, and both ends are fixed by the metal fittings 45 fixed to the both side surfaces intersecting with the surfaces with bolts 44. It has been stopped.

The brake shoe of Example 66 as described above has the excellent friction and wear characteristics of ceramics, and
It is easy to manufacture, and high strength can be achieved. The brake shoes are used as the brake shoes 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ of the elevator emergency stop device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and the rope of the elevator is cut to make the car 800 m / min.
The state of emergency stop when dropped at a speed was tested. As a result, the car was decelerated and stopped within 30 m after dropping due to friction between the pair of brake shoes and the rail.

(Embodiment 67) FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing a brake shoe used in this embodiment 67. The brake shoe 41 having a quadrangular pyramid shape is made of ceramic, and a groove portion 46 similar to the shape is formed on the surface facing the rail. The brake portion 47 made of a ceramic block having a quadrangular pyramid shape is fitted in the groove portion 46 so as to project, for example, by 1 mm from the facing surface of the rail.

In the brake shoe of this embodiment 67, the brake portion is formed of a ceramic block having a truncated pyramid shape, so that the brake shoe is damaged by buckling due to a sliding load as compared with the brake shoe in which the brake portion is formed of a ceramic plate. Can be prevented.

The brake shoes are the brake shoes 22 ₁ of the elevator emergency stop device shown in FIGS.
22 ₂ and cut the rope of the elevator to remove the cage
The state of emergency stop when dropped at a speed of 00 m / min was tested. As a result, the car was decelerated and stopped within 30 m after dropping due to friction between the pair of brake shoes and the rail.

[0077]

As described above, according to the present invention, 1
It is possible to provide a brake material for an elevator emergency stop device, which has heat resistance exceeding 000 ° C., a high coefficient of friction that is stable even under high speed and high stress, and excellent seizure resistance for rails.

Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an elevator emergency stop device capable of surely decelerating and stopping the car without causing seizure with the rail or the like when the car is dropped due to breakage of the elevating means.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an elevator system including an emergency stop device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view on arrow A in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the emergency stop device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a brake unit incorporated in a brake shoe of the emergency stop device according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a view showing another brake unit incorporated in the brake shoe of the emergency stop device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing another brake unit incorporated in the brake shoe of the emergency stop device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another brake unit incorporated in the brake shoe of the emergency stop device according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another brake unit incorporated in the brake shoe of the emergency stop device according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a view showing another brake unit incorporated in the brake shoe of the emergency stop device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another brake unit incorporated in the brake shoe of the emergency stop device according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state of the elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention during normal operation.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an emergency state of the elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a characteristic diagram showing changes in friction coefficient of the brake materials of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 from start to stop of friction.

FIG. 14 is a characteristic diagram showing changes in the friction coefficient of the brake materials of Example 50 and Comparative example 25 from the start to the end of friction.

FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram showing the amount of relative wear of a pin-shaped test piece made of the brake material of Example 50 and Comparative Example 25 after the test.

16 is a characteristic diagram showing changes in friction coefficient of the brake materials of Examples 52 and 53 and Comparative Example 25 from start to stop of friction. FIG.

FIG. 17 is a characteristic diagram showing the amount of relative wear of pin-shaped test pieces made of the brake material of Examples 52 and 53 and Comparative Example 25 after the test.

FIG. 18 is a characteristic diagram showing changes in friction coefficient of the brake materials of Examples 54 to 57 and Comparative Example 25 from start to stop of friction.

FIG. 19 is a characteristic diagram showing the amount of relative wear of a pin-shaped test piece made of the brake material of Examples 54 to 57 and Comparative Example 25 after the test.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a brake shoe of Example 66.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing a brake shoe of Example 67.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... emergency stop device, 2 ... car, 3 ... elevator rope, 4
… Rail, 6… Governor rope, 8… Governor, 12, 13
... pulling wire, 14 ... gripping member, 15 ... casing,
20 ... Elastic member, 21 ₁ , 21 ₂ ... Guide member, 22
₁ , 22 ₂ , 41 ... Brake shoes, 23 ₁ , 23 ₂ ,
43, 47 ... Brake part, 24 ... Ceramic base material, 2
5, 27 ... Ceramic fibers, 26 ... Ceramic fiber bundles, 28-31 ... Protrusions.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A ceramic base material selected from silicon nitride, titanium boride, sialon and silicon carbide contains silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide plate-like particles (platelets), and said silicon carbide whiskers and / or A brake material having a silicon carbide platelet content of 10% by weight or more. 2. A ceramic base material selected from silicon nitride, titanium boride, sialon and silicon carbide, and silicon carbide whiskers and / or silicon carbide plate-like particles (platelets) and silicon carbide, silicon nitride, carbon and tungsten. At least one continuous fiber is contained, the content of the silicon carbide whiskers and / or the silicon carbide platelets is 10% by weight or more, and the content of the continuous fibers is 10 to 55% by volume. Characteristic brake material. 3. An elastic member having a pair of horizontally expandable end portions attached to a bottom portion of a car that is elevated and lowered by an elevating means, and attached to inner surfaces of both end portions of the elastic member so as to face each other, A pair of plate-shaped guide members whose facing surfaces are inclined outward, and a pair of plate-shaped guide members which are vertically movable between the guide members along the inclined surfaces of the guide members and which have a T-shaped cross section extending in the vertical direction. A pair of brake shoes that are arranged to face each other and have opposing surfaces that are parallel to the vertical direction, and a pulling means that is attached to each of the brake shoes and that pulls the brake shoe upward are provided. When the car falls, the pulling means operates to pull up the brake shoe upward along the guide member, and the elastic force of the elastic member causes the brake shoe to move upward. An elevator emergency stop device for holding the rail between the facing surfaces of a rake shoe to prevent the car from falling, wherein the brake shoe has one end exposed to the facing surface in a region including the facing surface. An elevator having a brake part having ceramic fibers embedded perpendicularly to the facing surface, or a structure in which a brake part having ceramic fibers one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally embedded in the facing surface is formed. Emergency stop device. 4. An elastic member having a pair of horizontally expandable end portions attached to a bottom portion of a car that is elevated and lowered by an elevating means, and attached to inner surfaces of both end portions of the elastic member so as to face each other, A pair of plate-shaped guide members whose facing surfaces are inclined outward, and a pair of plate-shaped guide members which are vertically movable between the guide members along the inclined surfaces of the guide members and which have a T-shaped cross section extending in the vertical direction. A pair of brake shoes arranged opposite to each other and having opposing surfaces parallel to the vertical direction, and a pulling means attached to the brake shoe for pulling up the brake shoe upward, and the lifting means are damaged. When the car falls, the pulling means operates to pull the brake shoe upward along the guide member, and the elastic force of the elastic member causes the brake shoe to move upward. An elevator emergency stop device for sandwiching the rail between the facing surfaces of a brake shoe to prevent the car from falling, wherein the brake shoe has irregularities of a desired shape formed in a region including the facing surface. Elevator stop device having a structure in which a brake portion made of the above-mentioned ceramic is formed.