JP3945927B2 - Brake shoe for elevator emergency stop device, emergency stop device for elevator and elevator with emergency stop function - Google Patents

Description

【００６０】
前記表１から明らかなようにセラミックからなる３つのブレーキ片を軟質金属部材を介在させずに保持ブロックに直接挿入固定したブレーキシューを備えた比較例１のエレベータ用非常停止装置は前記３つのブレーキ片のうち下側の２つのブレーキ片のみがレールと接触し、特に下側に位置するブレーキ片ほど大きな損傷（割れ）を生じた。また、比較例１のブレーキシューにおけるブレーキ片はレールとの摩擦の係数も低いことがわかる。
【００６１】
これに対し、セラミックからなる３つのブレーキ片を軟質金属部材（リングおよび台座）を介在させて保持ブロックに挿入固定したブレーキシューを備えた実施例１〜７の非常停止装置は前記３つのブレーキ片の全てがレールと良好に接触し、かつブレーキ片の損傷（割れ）も認められず、さらに高い摩擦係数を示すことがわかる。
【００６２】
したがって、実施例１〜７の非常停止装置はセラミックからなるブレーキ片とレールとの摺動に際しての片あたりを防止して制動に寄与する面積を増大でき、前記ブレーキ片の一部に応力が集中せずに破損を防止できるとともに、摩擦係数の低下も抑制でき、信頼性を著しく向上できる。
【００６３】
なお、前記実施例では３つの円柱状ブレーキ片を互いに分割されたリングおよび台座からなる軟質金属部材を介して保持ブロックに保持させる構造のブレーキシューについて説明したが、前述した図７に示すように一体化した軟質金属部材を用いたブレーキシュー、または図８に示すように各ブレーキ片を円柱状ブロックに挿入固定し、これら円柱状ブロックをブレーキ本体に埋設固定したブレーキシューにおいても同様な優れた制動作用を示した。
【００６４】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によればレールとの摺動に際し、セラミックからなる複数のブレーキ片のうちの一部に負荷が集中する、いわゆる片あたりによる前記ブレーキ片の破損およびそれに起因する制動特性の低下を回避して安定した高い制動特性を実現することが可能なブレーキシューを提供できる。
【００６５】
また、本発明によれば昇降手段の破損によるかごの落下に際し、レールと摺動するセラミックからなる複数のブレーキ片のうちの一部に負荷が集中する、いわゆる片あたりを防止して安定した制動特性を有し、前記かごを確実に減速停止させることが可能で、かつ小型のエレベータ非常停止装置を提供できる。
【００６６】
さらに、本発明によれば昇降手段の破損によるかごの落下に際し、レールと摺動するセラミックからなる複数のブレーキ片のうちの一部に負荷が集中する、いわゆる片あたりを防止して安定した制動特性を示し、前記かごを確実に減速停止させることが可能な非常停止機能を有するエレベータを提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係わる非常停止装置を備えたエレベータを示す概略図。
【図２】図１のＡ矢視図。
【図３】図１の非常停止装置を示す断面図。
【図４】図３のIV−IV線に沿う断面図。
【図５】本発明に係わる非常停止装置用ブレーキシューを示す図。
【図６】図５の非常停止装置用ブレーキシューの分解斜視図。
【図７】本発明に係わる別の非常停止装置用ブレーキシューに組込まれる軟質金属部材を示す図。
【図８】本発明に係わるさらに別の非常停止装置用ブレーキシューを示す図。
【図９】本発明に係わるエレベータ非常停止装置における非常運転時の状態を示す断面図。
【図１０】本発明に係わるエレベータ非常停止装置における非常運転時の状態を示す要部拡大断面図。
【符号の説明】
１…非常停止装置、
２…かご、
３…昇降機のロープ、
４…レール、
１２、１３…引上げワイヤ、
２７、７３、７６、７８…弾性体、
２８₁ 、２８₂ …ブレーキシュー、
３０…ブレーキ本体、
３１…保持ブロック、
３６…台座、
３７…第１空隙、
３８…リング、
３９，４４…第２空隙、
４０…ブレーキ片、
４５…円柱状ブロック。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an elevator emergency stop brake shoe, an elevator emergency stop device, and an elevator with an emergency stop function.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The elevator is installed with an emergency stop device in order to prevent the elevator from falling due to unforeseen damage or the like. The emergency stop device has a U-shaped elastic member having a pair of horizontally expandable ends attached to the bottom of a car that is lifted and lowered by a lifting means, and opposed to the inner surfaces of both ends of the elastic member. And a pair of plate-shaped guide members whose opposing surfaces are inclined outward, a rail having a T-shaped cross section extending in the vertical direction and disposed between the guide members, and the guide member between the guide members A pair of brake shoes having a braking surface extending vertically along the inclined surface of the rail and facing each other about the rail, and the brake shoe respectively attached to the brake shoe. And a pulling means for pulling upward. In such an emergency stop device, when the car is dropped due to breakage of the elevating means, the dropping speed is detected and the pulling means is operated, and the brake shoe is lifted upward along the guide member, and the elastic By sandwiching the rail with the braking surface of the brake shoe by the elastic force of the member, the car falling due to the friction force acting between the brake shoe and the rail is decelerated and stopped.
[0003]
By the way, conventionally, the brake shoe (brake piece) of the brake shoe is formed of a material such as cast iron or copper-based sintered alloy having an appropriate friction coefficient and wear resistance. However, year after year, there is a problem that heat generated by friction and a coefficient of friction decrease due to the demand for elevators that increase in speed and capacity due to the increase in the number of buildings. For example, according to simulation, when the operation speed of the elevator reaches 800 m / min, the local temperature on the friction sliding surface may exceed 1000 ° C. When such a temperature is generated when the elevator is decelerated to a stop, it is difficult to use a metal brake piece in terms of strength and heat resistance. In addition, problems such as seizure due to the reaction between the brake piece of the brake shoe and the rail after deceleration stop occur.
[0004]
For this reason, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-7682 discloses a brake material (brake piece made of ceramics, which is expected to have higher heat resistance and a higher friction coefficient for the purpose of operating an elevator at a higher speed. ) Is used. In such a brake shoe, the ceramic material is fragile and easily damaged when subjected to stress concentration. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the size of the ceramic and use it in combination with a metal material. Specifically, a brake shoe is used in which a plurality of ceramic brake pieces protrude from the surface of a metal material. However, since the brake piece made of ceramic is hardly worn by sliding with the rail and hardly deforms, the following new problem arises.
[0005]
That is, when a slight moment force is applied to the brake shoe, only a part of the brake piece comes into contact with the rail, so-called “per piece” occurs. This can also occur for individual brake pieces depending on the accuracy of the machining dimensions. In the case of a metal brake piece, the brake piece itself wears and the surface contact gradually becomes better in the sliding process. On the other hand, in high-speed and heavy elevators, the contact area between the brake piece made of ceramic and the rail has an important influence on the frictional characteristics, and extreme pieces can cause the brake piece itself to break. Therefore, there has been a demand for a solution to this problem.
[0006]
As a technique for preventing a brake shoe having a planar structure from hitting a piece, for example, a method of arranging a leaf spring or a curved member on the back surface of the brake piece may be considered. However, in order to apply the brake shoe having such a structure to an emergency stop device for an elevator, there is a problem in a fixing method during normal operation that is not in operation, and it is not practical. Further, a method such as enclosing oil liquid behind the brake piece is not suitable for an elevator brake shoe to which a large pressure is applied.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, a conventional brake shoe having a ceramic brake piece that hardly deforms or wears has a problem that a slight moment is applied, resulting in contact with the piece, resulting in deterioration of sliding characteristics or damage. It was.
[0008]
The present invention provides a brake shoe for an elevator emergency stop device that can realize a good surface contact without deteriorating the sliding characteristics (braking characteristics) of a ceramic brake piece against the above-mentioned problem per piece. It is something to be offered.
[0009]
Another object of the present invention is to provide an elevator emergency stop device that has stable braking characteristics and can be miniaturized.
[0010]
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an elevator having an emergency stop function for reliably decelerating and stopping the car when the car is dropped due to breakage of the lifting means.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A brake shoe for an elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention includes a brake body;
Said brake Of the body Facing the elevator rail A plurality of ceramic brake pieces embedded on the surface side so as to protrude from the surface;
A soft metal member interposed in an embedded portion of the brake piece; and
Provided at least on the soft metal member. , Accompanying sliding of the brake piece and the rail A gap for enabling deformation of the soft metal member;
It is characterized by comprising.
[0012]
In the brake shoe according to the present invention, the soft metal preferably has a Young's modulus such as aluminum or copper of 50 to 150 GPa.
[0013]
In the brake shoe according to the present invention, it is preferable that a further gap for absorbing deformation of the soft metal member is further formed in the brake body on the back side of the soft metal member.
[0014]
An elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention is a U-shaped elastic member that can be expanded in the horizontal direction;
A pair of guide members which are attached to the inner surfaces of both ends of the elastic member so as to face each other, and the lower part of the facing surface is inclined outward;
A vertically extending T-shaped rail disposed in the middle of the guide member;
A pair of brake shoes having a vertically extending braking surface disposed between the guide members so as to be vertically movable along an inclined surface of the guide member and facing each other around the rail; and
The brake shoes are respectively attached to the brake shoes, and in an emergency, the brake shoes are pulled upward along the guide members, thereby pressing the guide members by the elastic force of the elastic members to thereby brake the brake shoes. Pulling means for sandwiching the rail with a surface;
Comprising
The brake shoe includes a brake body, brake Of the body Facing the rail A plurality of ceramic brake pieces embedded on the surface side so as to protrude from the surface, a soft metal member interposed in the embedded portion of the brake piece, and provided at least on the soft metal member , Accompanying sliding of the brake piece and the rail A gap for enabling deformation of the soft metal member. e It is characterized by that.
[0015]
The elevator with an emergency stop function according to the present invention is a car that is raised and lowered;
An elastic member having a U-shape which is attached to the bottom of the car by means of support and can be expanded in the horizontal direction;
A pair of guide members which are attached to the inner surfaces of both ends of the elastic member so as to face each other, and the lower part of the facing surface is inclined outward;
A vertically extending T-shaped rail disposed in the middle of the guide member;
A pair of brake shoes having a vertically extending braking surface disposed between the guide members so as to be vertically movable along an inclined surface of the guide member and facing each other around the rail; and
Each of the brake shoes is attached to the brake shoe, and when the car falls due to breakage of the lifting means, the brake shoes are pulled up along the guide member, thereby pressing the guide members by the elastic force of the elastic member. And a pulling means for sandwiching the rail between the braking surfaces of the brake shoes,
The brake shoe includes a brake body, brake Of the body Facing the rail A plurality of ceramic brake pieces embedded on the surface side so as to protrude from the surface, a soft metal member interposed in the embedded portion of the brake piece, and provided at least on the soft metal member , Accompanying sliding of the brake piece and the rail A gap for enabling deformation of the soft metal member. e It is characterized by that.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an elevator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
[0017]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an elevator equipped with an emergency stop device, FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow A in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the emergency stop device in FIG. 5A is a front view showing the brake shoe, FIG. 5B is a cross section taken along line BB in FIG. 5A, and FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the brake shoe in FIG. It is a perspective view.
[0018]
The pair of emergency stop devices 1 are attached to the left and right bottom portions of the car 2 so as to face each other. A rope 3 of an elevator (not shown) is attached to the upper plate of the car 2. The pair of rails 4 are respectively disposed in the ascending / descending direction (vertical direction) along the side surface of the car 2 where the pair of emergency stop devices 1 are disposed.
[0019]
A governor rope 6 having an engaging member 5 attached to the car 2 side in the middle is pivotally supported between a pulley 7 below the floor and a governor 8 installed on a rooftop or the like. The first lever 9 is engaged with the engagement member 5. The second lever 10 whose front end is located on the right side of the car 2 is connected to the first lever 9 via a long lever 11. The ends of the two pulling wires 12 are attached to the first lever 9. The lower end of each pull-up wire 12 is attached to a later-described brake shoe of the emergency stop device 1 attached to the left bottom portion of the car 2. The ends of the two pulling wires 13 are attached to the second lever 10. The lower end of the pulling wire 13 is attached to a brake shoe, which will be described later, of the emergency stop device 1 attached to the right bottom of the car 2. The gripping member 14 is disposed in the vicinity of the speed governor 8.
[0020]
The rope 3 is cut due to a trouble of the elevator (not shown), the car 2 is dropped, and the descent speed of the governor rope 6 connected to the car 2 via the levers 9, 10 and the like. Is detected by the speed governor 8, this detection signal is output to the gripping member 14, and the gripping member 14 is operated to grip the speed governor rope 6. When the governor rope 6 is gripped in this manner, the pulling wires 12 attached to them by the first and second levers 9 and 10 engaged with the engaging member 5 attached in the middle thereof, 13 is pulled, and the brake shoes of a pair of emergency stop devices 1 described later are pulled upward. The speed governor rope 6 having such an engaging member 5, the pulley 7, the speed governor 8, the first and second levers 9 and 10, the long lever 11, the pulling wires 12 and 13, and the gripping member 14 are pulled up. Means.
[0021]
The emergency stop device 1 includes a pair of support plates 15 facing each other as shown in FIGS. ₁ , 15 ₂ The upper stopper plate 16 and the lower stopper plate 17 are fixed. In the front center portions of the upper and lower stopper plates 16 and 17, elongated grooves 18 and 19 are cut out, respectively. The protrusions of the T-shaped rail 4 are inserted into the grooves 18 and 19, respectively. Each support plate 15 ₁ , 15 ₂ The upper stopper plate 16 positioned on the side has a notch 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ Are formed respectively. Each support plate 15 ₁ , 15 ₂ At the upper ends of both ends of the lower stopper plate 17 located on the side, notches 21 ₁ , 21 ₂ Are formed respectively. Two beams 22 with upper and lower portions bent at right angles to the outside ₁ , 22 ₂ The upper end is connected to the bottom surface of the car 2, and the lower end is connected to the upper stopper plate 16.
[0022]
A pair of guide members 23 composed of inverted trapezoidal blocks ₁ , 23 ₂ These upper and lower ends are the support plates 15. ₁ , 15 ₂ And the lower part of the surface which mutually opposes in the space divided by the said upper and lower stopper plates 16 and 17 is inclined and arrange | positioned toward the outer side. Each guide member 23 ₁ , 23 ₂ Each of the support plates 15 ₁ , 15 ₂ Protruding pieces 24 on the upper and lower ends located on the side ₁ , 25 ₁ , 24 ₂ , 25 ₂ Are formed respectively. The protruding piece 24 ₁ , 25 ₁ , 24 ₂ , 25 ₂ Are the notch portions 20 of the upper and lower stopper plates 16, 17. ₁ , 20 ₂ , 21 ₁ , 21 ₂ Are engaged with each other. By such engagement, the guide members 23 are ₁ , 23 ₂ Is slidably disposed along the lower surface of the upper stopper plate 16 and the upper surface of the lower stopper plate 17.
[0023]
Both end portions 26 have a U-shaped top surface and can be expanded. ₁ , 26 ₂ The elastic member 27 having ₁ , 26 ₂ Each guide member 23 whose inner surface in the vicinity is located in the space. ₁ , 23 ₂ It is inserted so that it may contact | abut on the outer side surface. By inserting such an elastic member 27, the both end portions 26 are provided. ₁ , 26 ₂ The elastic force of each guide member 23 is ₁ , 23 ₂ In addition to these guide members 23 ₁ , 23 ₂ The force that brings them close to each other works. However, each of the guide members 23 ₁ , 23 ₂ Are adjacent to each other at a predetermined distance or more. ₁ , 20 ₂ , 21 ₁ , 21 ₂ It is regulated by the rising wall. In addition, each said guide member 23 ₁ , 23 ₂ A substantially inverted V-shaped space is formed between them.
[0024]
A pair of brake shoes 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ The guide member 23 ₁ , 23 ₂ They are arranged opposite to each other, and their lower parts are placed on the lower stopper plate 17. The brake shoe 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ The guide member 23 ₁ , 23 ₂ It is arranged so as to be movable up and down in contact with. In addition, each brake shoe 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ In between, the protruding portion of the rail 4 having a T-shaped cross section extending in the vertical direction is located. The pull-up wire 13 is connected to the brake shoe 28. ₁ , 28 ₂ Are attached to the front lower part of each.
[0025]
The brake shoe 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ Is a square trapezoidal columnar shape having a braking surface extending in the vertical direction as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B and FIG. 6, and a brake body made of metal having a rectangular concave portion 29 on the braking surface side. 30. An outer inclined surface of the brake body 30 is formed on the guide member 23. ₁ , 23 ₂ Is in contact with the inner inclined surface. A rectangular metal holding block 31 is embedded in the concave portion 29 of the main body 30. The holding block 31 has a plurality of, for example, three large-diameter cylindrical holes 32 drilled from the braking surface side, and communicates concentrically with each of the cylindrical holes 32 and is opened on the opposite side to the braking surface. A small-diameter cylindrical hole 33. The holding block 31 is fixed to the main body 30 by a plurality of screws 34.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 6, it is made of a plurality of, for example, three soft metals having a disk portion 34 having a diameter smaller than that of the large-diameter columnar hole 32 and a columnar base 35 integrated on the back surface of the disk portion 34. The pedestal 36 is inserted from each of the large diameter cylindrical holes 32 of the holding block 31, and the base 35 is press-fitted and fixed to the small diameter cylindrical hole 33. The cylindrical base 35 of each pedestal 36 is shorter than the length of the small-diameter cylindrical hole 33, and after the press-fit of the pedestal 36 as shown in FIG. A desired first gap 37 for absorbing deformation of the pedestal 36 is formed. A plurality of, for example, three, soft metal rings 38 having the same outer diameter as the large-diameter cylindrical hole 32 are inserted into the large-diameter cylindrical hole 32 of the holding block 31, respectively.
[0027]
The pedestal 36 and the ring 38 constitute a soft metal member. Further, by inserting the pedestal 36 and the ring 38 into the large-diameter and small-diameter cylindrical holes 32 and 33 of the holding block 31, as shown in FIG. An annular second gap 39 for absorbing deformation of the base 36 and the ring 38 is formed between the inner surface of the ring 38.
[0028]
The columnar brake pieces 40 made of ceramic are inserted into the respective rings 38 of the holding block 31 so as to protrude from the surface of the holding block 31, and the circular rear surfaces thereof are respectively brought into contact with the circular portions 34 of the pedestal 36. It touches.
[0029]
The brake pieces 40 can be fixed by, for example, shrink fitting or bonding. In particular, the brake pieces 40 having a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the ring 38 are formed, and the structure shown in FIG. ), After inserting the brake piece 40 into the ring 38, a punch is press-fitted into several places on the annular surface of the ring 38 exposed to the braking surface side, and the ring 38 made of soft metal is locally A method of caulking the brake piece 40 with the ring 38 is preferable.
[0030]
Each brake body 30 and the holding block 31 are made of metal such as stainless steel or heat-resistant alloy.
[0031]
As the soft metal constituting the pedestal 36 and the ring 38, those having a Young's modulus of 50 to 150 GPa such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, and brass are preferable. When a soft metal material having a Young's modulus of less than 50 GPa is selected to make the pedestal 36 and the ring 38, the pedestal 36 and the ring 36 are more than necessary when the brake piece 40 and the rail 4 slide and stop by deceleration. There is a risk that it will be difficult to fully exert the braking action of the brake piece 40 on the rail 4 due to deformation. On the other hand, when a soft metal material having a Young's modulus exceeding 150 GPa is selected to make the pedestal 36 and the ring 38, these members are hardly deformed. Difficult to achieve.
[0032]
The thickness of the disk portion 34 of the pedestal 36 and the thickness of the ring 36 are preferably 0.5 mm to 10 mm, respectively. If the thickness of the member is less than 0.5 mm, the amount of deformation of the member becomes small and it is difficult to effectively prevent contact between the brake piece 40 and the rail 4 when the brake is decelerated and stopped. There is a risk of becoming. On the other hand, if the thickness of the member exceeds 10 mm, when the brake piece 40 and the rail 4 slide to decelerate and stop, the amount of deformation of these members increases so that the fixability of the brake piece 40 decreases. As a result, it may be difficult to sufficiently exert the braking action of the brake piece 40 on the rail 4.
[0033]
Examples of the ceramic that is the material of each brake piece 40 include silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and sialon.
[0034]
The brake piece 40 is made of the ceramic as a base material, and the base material is made of titanium carbide having a particle diameter of 10 to 150 μm, carbide such as tungsten carbide, nitride such as titanium nitride, and boride such as titanium boride. It is possible to be made from a composite material in which at least one selected ceramic particle is dispersed. A brake piece made of such a composite material has a high friction coefficient on the surface (braking surface) and excellent impact resistance. The ceramic particles may be dispersed throughout the brake piece, but is preferably dispersed in a surface layer including the surface (braking surface) of the brake piece.
[0035]
The brake piece 40 allows a ceramic base material such as silicon nitride to be further combined with heat-resistant fibers such as silicon carbide fibers, tungsten fibers, and carbon fibers, and short fibers such as silicon carbide whiskers.
[0036]
The protrusion height of the brake piece 40 from the holding block 31 is preferably 0.5 to 5 mm. When the protruding height of the brake piece 40 is less than 0.5 mm, the brake side surface of the holding block 31 and the surface of the holding block 31 are deformed by the deformation of the pedestal 36 when the brake piece 40 and the rail 4 slide and stop. There is a risk of contact with the rail 4. On the other hand, if the protruding height of the brake piece 40 exceeds 5 mm, the brake piece 40 may be damaged by an impact at the time of deceleration stop.
[0037]
The soft metal member is composed of the pedestal and the ring divided as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B and FIG. 6, but for example, FIG. 7A and B in FIG. You may integrate as shown to (B) which is sectional drawing which follows the -B line. That is, the soft metal member has a cylindrical body 42 having a bottom portion 41, a columnar base portion 43 that is integrally and concentrically attached to the outer surface of the bottom portion 41, and an opening in the bottom portion 41 excluding the attachment portion of the base portion 43. And a plurality of, for example, eight, air holes 44 for absorbing deformation of the bottom portion 41 and the cylindrical body 42.
[0038]
In the brake shoe, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B and FIG. 6, a plurality of, for example, three pedestals, rings, and brake pieces are arranged in a large and small diameter circle of a rectangular metal holding block. As shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of, for example, three independent cylindrical blocks 45 are embedded and fixed in the brake body 30 as shown in FIG. 8, and the pedestal 36, the ring 38 and the brake are fixed to these cylindrical blocks 45. Each piece 40 is inserted and fixed to the brake shoe 28. ₁ , 28 ₂ May be configured. In FIGS. 8A and 8B, the same members as those in FIGS. 5A and 5B and FIG.
[0039]
Further, in the brake shoe, the brake piece may be a cylinder, or a prism having a prismatic shape such as a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a pentagonal prism, or a hexagonal prism with rounded corners.
[0040]
Next, the operation of the emergency stop device incorporated in the elevator shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0041]
When the elevator is operating normally, a pair of brake shoes 28 as shown in FIGS. ₁ , 28 ₂ Are opposed to the protruding portion of the rail 4 at a certain interval. For this reason, the deceleration stop operation of the car 2 by the elevator emergency stop device 1 does not work.
[0042]
On the other hand, when the rope 3 shown in FIG. 1 is cut due to a trouble of the elevator or the like, a so-called emergency state occurs in which the car 2 raised and lowered by the rope 3 falls. As the car 2 falls, the governor rope 6 connected to the car 2 via the levers 9, 10 and the like also descends. When the speed governor 8 detects that the descending speed exceeds the set speed, the detection signal is output to the gripping member 14 and the gripping member 14 is operated to grip the speed governor rope 6. When the governor rope 6 is gripped in this manner, the pulling wires 12 attached to them by the first and second levers 9 and 10 engaged with the engaging member 5 attached in the middle thereof, 13 is pulled. When the pull-up wires 12 and 13 are pulled, a pair of brake shoes 28 in the pair of emergency stop devices 1 as shown in FIG. ₁ , 28 ₂ Both end portions 26 of the U-shaped elastic member 27 ₁ , 26 ₂ The guide member 23 resists the elastic force that tends to be close to each other. ₁ , 23 ₂ It is pulled upward along the inclined surface. The brake shoe 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ Are lifted, their facing distance is narrowed so that the facing surface (braking surface) comes into contact with the protruding portion of the rail 4 and the braking surface of the rail 4 is brought into contact by the elastic force as a reaction of the elastic member 27. The force to pinch the protrusion works.
[0043]
The brake shoe 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ On the braking surface side, a plurality of brake pieces 40 made of ceramic are formed so as to protrude from the braking surface. ₁ , 28 ₂ By sandwiching the protruding portion of the rail 4 by the above, a frictional force acts between the brake piece 40 and the protruding portion of the rail 4, and the falling car 2 is decelerated and stopped.
[0044]
In the process of decelerating and stopping the car 2 by the elevator emergency stop device 1 described above, the brake shoe 28 slidably contacting the rail ₁ , 28 ₂ Is a brake body, a plurality of ceramic brake pieces embedded on the braking surface side of the main body so as to protrude from the surface, a soft metal member interposed in the embedded portion of these brake pieces, and the soft metal member A structure provided with at least a gap for allowing deformation of the soft metal member. Specifically, the brake shoe 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ Has the structure shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B and FIG.
[0045]
In the process of decelerating and stopping the car 2 by the elevator emergency stop device 1 described above, the brake shoe 28 configured as described above. ₁ , (28 ₂ ) When a plurality of (for example, three) brake pieces 40 are in sliding contact with the rail 4 and a moment force is applied to each brake piece 40 as shown in FIG. 10, the brake pieces 40 are interposed in the embedded portion of the holding block 31 of the brake piece 40. The pedestal 36 and the ring 38 made of soft metal are deformed. At this time, since the annular second gap 39 is formed between the pedestal 36 and the ring 38, it functions as a refuge for absorbing deformation of the pedestal 36 and the ring 38 made of soft metal. Moreover, since the 1st space | gap 37 is also formed behind the base 35 of the said base 36, it functions as a refuge which absorbs the deformation | transformation (flattening) of the said base 36. FIG. As a result, as shown in FIG. 10, the plurality of brake pieces 40 made of ceramic are corrected so that all surfaces come into contact with the rail 4 by smooth deformation of the base 36 and the ring 38 made of soft metal (posture control). ), That is, it is possible to prevent the contact between the pieces, and the braking action on the rail 4 by the brake pieces 40 made of the ceramic at the time of deceleration stop can be sufficiently exhibited. Therefore, the falling car 2 can be reliably decelerated and stopped in an emergency when the rope 3 is cut due to a trouble of the elevator or the like.
[0046]
Further, by interposing a pedestal 36 and a ring 38 made of soft metal at an embedded portion of the holding block 31 of the brake piece 40 made of ceramic, in the process of decelerating and stopping the car 2 by the elevator emergency stop device 1 described above, Since the impact force received by the brake piece 40 itself made of ceramic can be mitigated by the pedestal 36 and the ring 38, the breakage of the brake piece 40 can be prevented. Also from this action, the braking action on the rail 4 by the brake piece 40 made of ceramic at the time of deceleration stop can be sufficiently exhibited.
[0047]
Furthermore, even if the thickness of the pedestal 36 and the ring 38 is reduced by forming the annular second gap 39 between the pedestal 36 and the ring 38, the same excellent braking action as described above can be exhibited. Brake shoe Brake shoe 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ The size of the device itself can be reduced, and waste of materials and space can be omitted.
[0048]
When the soft metal member is made of a material having a particularly low Young's modulus such as aluminum or brass, the cylindrical base is integrally and concentrically attached to the outer surface of the bottom of the bottomed cylindrical body without a gap. Even with the structure, it is possible to suppress the contact with the rail described above to some extent.
[0049]
【Example】
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0050]
Example 1
First, a stainless steel brake body having a rectangular trapezoidal columnar shape having a braking surface extending in the vertical direction by machining stainless steel and having a rectangular concave portion having a width of 25 mm and a length of 100 mm on the braking surface side was produced.
[0051]
Three large-diameter cylindrical holes with a diameter of 18 mm and a length of 6 mm drilled from the braking surface side by machining stainless steel, and concentrically communicated with these cylindrical holes, respectively, and opened on the opposite side to the braking surface. A rectangular stainless steel holding block having a width of 25 mm and a length of 100 mm having a small diameter cylindrical hole 33 having a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 3 mm was produced.
[0052]
Also, an aluminum ring having an outer diameter of 18 mm, a thickness of 1 mm, and a length of 6 mm, an outer diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 2 mm, and an outer diameter of 6 mm and a length integrated with the back surface of the disk portion. Aluminum bases each having a 1 mm cylindrical base were prepared.
[0053]
Furthermore, the silicon nitride sintered body was processed to produce a cylindrical brake piece having a diameter of 16 mm and a thickness of 6 mm.
[0054]
After the holding block is inserted into the recess of the brake body and fixed with screws, the pedestal is inserted from each of the three large-diameter cylindrical holes of the holding block, and the base portion is inserted into each small-diameter cylindrical hole. It was pressed into and fixed. At this time, the small-diameter cylindrical hole portion on the back surface of the base portion remained without being filled as a cylindrical first gap of about 2 mm.
[0055]
Subsequently, the ring was inserted into each of the three large-diameter cylindrical holes of the holding block. At this time, an annular second gap 39 having an outer diameter of 16 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm was formed between the disk portion of the pedestal and the inner surface of the ring. Subsequently, the brake piece was inserted into each ring so as to project a length of 2 mm from the braking surface of the holding block, and the back surface of the brake piece was brought into contact with the disc portion of the pedestal. After that, the above-mentioned figure is obtained by press-fitting a punch into several places on the annular surface of the ring exposed on the braking surface side, locally deforming the aluminum ring and caulking the brake piece with the ring. 5 (A), (B) and the brake shoe 28 shown in FIG. ₁ , 28 ₂ Assembled.
[0056]
(Examples 2 to 7)
Except that the thickness of the ring, the thickness of the disk portion of the pedestal, and the material of these members were set as shown in Table 1 below, the same as in Example 1, and (A), (B) and FIG. Brake shoe 28 shown in FIG. ₁ , 28 ₂ Assembled.
[0057]
(Comparative Example 1)
A cylindrical brake piece made of a silicon nitride sintered body having a diameter of 16 mm and a thickness of 6 mm is embedded and fixed to a stainless steel holding block so as to protrude 2 mm from the braking surface of the block, and this holding block is made of stainless steel. The brake shoe was assembled by inserting it into the recess of the brake body and fixing it with screws.
[0058]
The brake shoes obtained in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 1 were incorporated in the elevator emergency stop device shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 described above, and the elevator rope was cut to drop the car at a speed of 800 m / min. Thereafter, the emergency stop device was operated to examine the sliding characteristics (relative friction coefficient) of the brake pieces and the situation per surface of each brake piece. At this time, the position of the elastic body was shifted and the brake shoe was set so that the moment was applied only to the two brake pieces on the lower side of the brake body. The results are also shown in Table 1 below. The relative coefficient of friction in Table 1 is shown as “1” when the uniform pressing pressure is applied to the three brake pieces incorporated in the brake shoe so as to be applied to all surfaces.
[0059]
[Table 1]

[0060]
As apparent from Table 1, the emergency stop device for an elevator of Comparative Example 1 provided with a brake shoe in which three brake pieces made of ceramic were directly inserted and fixed to the holding block without interposing a soft metal member was the three brakes. Of the pieces, only the lower two brake pieces were in contact with the rail, and the brake pieces located on the lower side were particularly damaged (cracked). It can also be seen that the brake piece in the brake shoe of Comparative Example 1 has a low coefficient of friction with the rail.
[0061]
On the other hand, the emergency stop devices of Examples 1 to 7 provided with brake shoes in which three brake pieces made of ceramic are inserted and fixed to the holding block with soft metal members (ring and pedestal) interposed therebetween are the three brake pieces. It can be seen that all of these are in good contact with the rail, and no damage (cracking) of the brake piece is observed, indicating a higher coefficient of friction.
[0062]
Therefore, the emergency stop devices of the first to seventh embodiments can increase the area contributing to braking by preventing contact between the ceramic brake piece and the rail when sliding, and stress is concentrated on a part of the brake piece. Damage can be prevented, and a decrease in the coefficient of friction can be suppressed, and the reliability can be remarkably improved.
[0063]
In the above-described embodiment, the brake shoe having the structure in which the three cylindrical brake pieces are held by the holding block via the soft metal member composed of the ring and the base divided from each other has been described. As shown in FIG. A brake shoe using an integrated soft metal member, or a brake shoe in which each brake piece is inserted and fixed in a cylindrical block as shown in FIG. Shows braking action.
[0064]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when sliding with the rail, the load concentrates on a part of the plurality of brake pieces made of ceramic, so that the brake piece is damaged by the so-called one piece and braking caused thereby. It is possible to provide a brake shoe capable of realizing a stable and high braking characteristic while avoiding the deterioration of the characteristic.
[0065]
In addition, according to the present invention, when the car is dropped due to breakage of the lifting means, the load is concentrated on a part of a plurality of brake pieces made of ceramic that slides on the rails, so that the so-called piece contact is prevented and stable braking is performed. It is possible to provide a small-sized elevator emergency stop device having characteristics, capable of reliably decelerating and stopping the car.
[0066]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, when the car is dropped due to breakage of the lifting means, the load is concentrated on a part of the plurality of brake pieces made of ceramic that slides on the rails, so that the so-called piece contact is prevented and stable braking is performed. It is possible to provide an elevator having an emergency stop function that exhibits characteristics and can reliably decelerate and stop the car.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an elevator equipped with an emergency stop device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrow A in FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view showing the emergency stop device of FIG. 1. FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a brake shoe for an emergency stop device according to the present invention.
6 is an exploded perspective view of the emergency stop device brake shoe of FIG. 5; FIG.
FIG. 7 is a view showing a soft metal member incorporated in another emergency stop device brake shoe according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a view showing still another brake shoe for an emergency stop device according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a state during an emergency operation in the elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part showing a state during emergency operation in the elevator emergency stop device according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Emergency stop device,
2 ... the basket,
3 ... Elevator rope,
4 ... Rail,
12, 13 ... Pull-up wire,
27, 73, 76, 78 ... elastic body,
28 ₁ , 28 ₂ ... brake shoes,
30 ... Brake body,
31 ... holding block,
36 ... pedestal,
37 ... first gap,
38 ... Ring,
39, 44 ... second gap,
40 ... brake piece,
45: A cylindrical block.

Claims (4)

Brake body;
A plurality of ceramic brake pieces embedded in the brake body so as to protrude from the surface facing the rail of the elevator ;
A soft metal member interposed in an embedded portion of the brake piece; and a gap provided at least in the soft metal member for enabling deformation of the soft metal member accompanying sliding of the brake piece and the rail ;
A brake shoe for an elevator emergency stop device.   The brake shoe for an elevator emergency stop device according to claim 1, wherein the soft metal has a Young's modulus of 50 to 150 GPa. U-shaped elastic member that can be expanded in the horizontal direction;
A pair of guide members which are attached to the inner surfaces of both ends of the elastic member so as to face each other, and the lower part of the facing surface is inclined outward;
A vertically extending T-shaped rail disposed in the middle of the guide member;
A pair of brake shoes having a vertically extending braking surface disposed between the guide members so as to be movable up and down along the inclined surface of the guide member and facing each other around the rail; The brake shoes are respectively attached to the shoes, and in an emergency, the brake shoes are lifted upward along the guide members, whereby the guide members are pressed by the elastic force of the elastic members, and the braking surfaces of the brake shoes are Lifting means for clamping the rails;
Comprising
The brake shoe is interposed between a brake body , a plurality of ceramic brake pieces embedded so as to protrude from the surface of the brake body facing the rail, and the embedded portion of the brake piece. a soft metal member, at least provided on said soft metal member, elevator, characterized in Bei example Rukoto a gap for allowing the deformation of the soft metal member due to the sliding of the said brake shoe rail very Stop device. Car to be lifted and lowered;
An elastic member having a U-shape which is attached to the bottom of the car by means of support and can be expanded in the horizontal direction;
A pair of guide members which are attached to the inner surfaces of both ends of the elastic member so as to face each other, and the lower part of the facing surface is inclined outward;
A vertically extending T-shaped rail disposed in the middle of the guide member;
A pair of brake shoes having a vertically extending braking surface disposed between the guide members so as to be vertically movable along an inclined surface of the guide member and facing each other around the rail; and the brake shoes Each of the brake shoes is pulled up along the guide member when the car is dropped due to breakage of the lifting means, thereby pressing the guide member by the elastic force of the elastic member. Pulling means for sandwiching the rail between the braking surfaces of each brake shoe;
The brake shoe is interposed between a brake body , a plurality of ceramic brake pieces embedded so as to protrude from the surface of the brake body facing the rail, and the embedded portion of the brake piece. a soft metal member, at least provided on said soft metal member, an emergency stop, characterized in Bei example Rukoto a gap for allowing the deformation of the soft metal member due to the sliding of the said brake shoe rail Elevator with function.

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