JPH096036A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic device using same and device unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a photoreceptor suppressing scraping, attaining high speed and not causing defects such as fogging and low image density even when the diameter of the photoreceptor is small by incorporating polycarbonate resin having a specified structure into the surface layer of a photoreceptor. CONSTITUTION: The surface layer of this photoreceptor used in combination with an electrifying unit adopting a contact electrifying system containsapolycarbonate resin copolymer consisting of repeating units represented by formulae I, II. The molar ratio of the repeating units represented by the formula I to the repeating units represented by the formulae I, II is 0.01-0.9. In the formula I, X is a group represented by formula III, etc. In the formula II, each of R1 and R2 is H, halogen, 1-5C alkyl, etc., each of (a) and (b) is an integer of 0-4 and Y is -CR<16> R<17> -(each of R<16> and R<1> is H, etc.), 5-11C 1,1- cycloalkylene, etc. In the formula III, each of R3 -R8 is H, halogen, cyano, etc., each of (c), (d) and (f) is an integer of 0-2, (e) is an integer of 0-4 and each of (g) and (h) is an integer of 0-3.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member which can be widely used in electrophotographic application fields such as an electrophotographic copying machine, a laser beam printer, a facsimile, a CRT printer, an electrophotographic plate making system, and the like. The present invention relates to an electrophotographic apparatus including a photoconductor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a printer, an electrostatic latent image carrier such as a photosensitive drum is charged by a charging device, and an image is exposed to the charged area to form an electrostatic latent image.
Developing the latent image into a visible image, transferring this to a transfer material,
Has established.

Various types of charging devices are known, and they are roughly classified into a corona charging device utilizing corona discharge and a contact charging device such as a charging brush or a charging roller.

The charging device using corona discharge has an advantage that stable charging can be performed, but since a large amount of ozone is generated, there is a problem that this causes deterioration of the photoconductor and adversely affects the human body. A contact charging device that generates much less ozone than a corona discharge device (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 63-149668 and 63-1496).
69 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-168667) are being adopted.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor is generally constituted by providing a photoconductive film on a conductive cylindrical substrate, and aluminum is often used as the conductive substrate.

Recently, with the downsizing of electrophotographic apparatus, the electrophotographic photosensitive member tends to be smaller and lighter, and the diameter of the aluminum cylinder as the conductive support is φ3.
0 is the mainstream. Further, in order to reduce the size, a photosensitive drum using cylinders such as φ24 and φ16 has been developed and studied.

Conventionally, such a small-diameter photosensitive drum has been used for a low-speed machine. However, in order to meet the demands for miniaturization, space saving, and cost reduction of a copying machine or a printer body, a relatively high printing speed is required. It is being used for fast models.

[0008]

However, according to such a conventional technique, in the charging method using the contact charging device,
The amount of abrasion of the photosensitive layer due to running tends to increase as compared with the corona charging method, and improvement of the surface of the photosensitive layer has been demanded.

Further, the number of rotations of the photosensitive drum per print has increased with the reduction in diameter of the photosensitive drum and the increase in printing speed. In this respect also, the amount of abrasion of the photosensitive layer due to running tends to increase, and improvement of the surface of the photosensitive layer has been demanded.

Further, in the contact charging method, the thinner the thickness of the photosensitive layer is, the lower the charging start voltage of the contact charger is. Is increased and the potential is increased.

Therefore, when the photosensitive layer is scraped by running, the charging potential tends to increase, and when the charging potential increases, the light potential after exposure and the residual potential after slow-charge exposure are raised. As a result, there is a problem that a fog image is generated in a copying machine, and a remarkable decrease in image quality such as a decrease in image density is observed in a printer.

Therefore, in the present invention, the contact charging method of charging by contacting the surface of the photosensitive member and the use of the photosensitive drum having a small diameter of φ30 or less can reduce the amount of scraping and can increase the speed, which may cause fogging and image formation. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is free from disadvantages such as light density, and an electrophotographic apparatus and apparatus unit using the same.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and the surface layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a polycarbonate copolymer having a structure represented by the following general formula. Is.

[0014]

[Chemical 7]

[0015]

Embedded image [Wherein, R ₁ and R ₂ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a and b are each independently an integer of 0 to 4, and X is

[0016]

Embedded image Or

[0017]

Embedded image Or

[0018]

Embedded image

[0019]

[Chemical 12] And (provided that R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ , R ₆ , R ₇ and R ₈
Are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a sulfone group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Acyloxy group or carbon number 6
To 32 aryl groups, c, d and f are each independently an integer of 0 to 2, e is an integer of 0 to 4, and g and h are each independently an integer of 0 to 3. R ₉ and R ₁₀ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a sulfone group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Base,
Cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms or 6 to 12 carbon atoms
Is an aryl group. Z, Z ₁ and Z ₂ are C
H or N, the number of nitrogen atoms in Z is 1 to 4,
1-2 in Z _1, in Z ₂ 0 to 2, provided that Z
The total number of nitrogen atoms in ₁ and Z ₂ is 1 to 2, and R ₁₁
And R ₁₅ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a sulfone group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 6 to 1 carbon atoms.
2 aryl groups, i and j are each independently 0 to 1
Is an integer. ) Y is -CR ¹⁶ R ¹⁷ - (provided that, R ¹⁶ and R ¹⁷ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, an alkyl group or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms having 1 to 6 carbon atoms). , A 1,1-cycloalkylene group having 5 to 11 carbon atoms, an α, ω-alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a single bond,
-O -, - S -, - SO- or -SO ₂ - it is. ]
The repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) has a molar ratio of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) to the total amount of the repeating units represented by the general formula (II). An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a polycarbonate resin copolymer in the range represented by (I) / {(I) + (II)}] ≦ 0.9.

Further, the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention has a charging process by contact charging with an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a polycarbonate copolymer having the above structure in its surface layer, and an electrostatic latent image is formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor. And a developing means for developing and visualizing the electrophotographic photosensitive member on which the electrostatic latent image is formed, and a means for cleaning the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

The electroconductive support of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is a cylindrical cylinder having a diameter of 30 mm or less, and
The continuous rotation speed of the photoconductor is 0.25 rotations or more per second.

Further, the apparatus unit of the present invention is defined in claim 1.
The electrophotographic photoreceptor described above is integrated with at least one of a charging means, a developing means, and a cleaning means.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention contains a polycarbonate copolymer in the surface layer. The surface layer means a photosensitive layer in the case where the photosensitive layer on the conductive support is a single layer type, and in the case where the photosensitive layer is a laminate, it means the photosensitive layer farthest from the conductive support, When it has a protective layer on the photosensitive layer, it means a protective layer.

The polycarbonate copolymer used in the present invention preferably has a structure represented by the following general formula.

[0025]

Embedded image

[0026]

Embedded image [Wherein, R ₁ and R ₂ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a and b are each independently an integer of 0 to 4, and X is

[0027]

Embedded image Or

[0028]

Embedded image Or

[0029]

Embedded image

[0030]

Embedded image And (provided that R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ , R ₆ , R ₇ and R ₈
Are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a sulfone group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Acyloxy group or carbon number 6
To 32 aryl groups, c, d and f are each independently an integer of 0 to 2, e is an integer of 0 to 4, and g and h are each independently an integer of 0 to 3. R ₉ and R ₁₀ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a sulfone group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Base,
Cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms or 6 to 12 carbon atoms
Is an aryl group. Z, Z ₁ and Z ₂ are C
H or N, the number of nitrogen atoms in Z is 1 to 4,
1-2 in Z _1, in Z ₂ 0 to 2, provided that Z
The total number of nitrogen atoms in ₁ and Z ₂ is 1 to 2, and R ₁₁
And R ₁₅ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a sulfone group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 6 to 1 carbon atoms.
2 aryl groups, i and j are each independently 0 to 1
Is an integer. ) Y is -CR ¹⁶ R ¹⁷ - (provided that, R ¹⁶ and R ¹⁷ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, an alkyl group or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms having 1 to 6 carbon atoms). , A 1,1-cycloalkylene group having 5 to 11 carbon atoms, an α, ω-alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a single bond,
-O -, - S -, - SO- or -SO ₂ - it is. ]
The repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) has a molar ratio of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) to the total amount of the repeating units represented by the general formula (II). (I) / {(I) + (II)}] ≦ 0.9.

When the molar ratio of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) is less than 0.01, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained, and the coating solution is whitened (gelled) and the coating film is crystallized. And problems such as insufficient hardness of the coating film occur. On the other hand, even if this molar ratio exceeds 0.9, the polycarbonate resin itself tends to crystallize and is not suitable as a binder resin.

The polycarbonate resin used in the present invention may have other repeating units other than the above-mentioned ones within a range not impairing the object of the present invention, and may contain other polycarbonate components or additives. It is also possible to appropriately add and blend it.

The polycarbonate resin used in the present invention has the following general formula (III) HO-X-OH (III) (wherein X has the same meaning as described above).
And a dihydroxyaryl compound represented by the following general formula (IV)

[0034]

Embedded image (Wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , Y, a and b have the same meanings as described above) and a carbonic acid ester-forming compound such as phosgene, etc. Or by a method such as a transesterification reaction of a dihydroxyquinone compound, a dihydroxyaryl compound and a bisphenol compound (IV) with a bisaryl carbonate, or the like.

As typical examples of the dihydroxyquinone compound and the dihydroxyaryl compound represented by the general formula (III), the following compounds can be specifically mentioned.

Particularly preferably, 1,4-dihydroxy-
9,10-anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-
9,10-anthraquinone, hydroquinone, 1,4-
Dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene and 2,7-dihydroxyanthracene are used.

Specific examples of the bisphenol compound represented by the general formula (IV) include 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1, 1-diphenylmethane, 2,2
-Bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 1,
1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1,2-
Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) butane, 2,
2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) butane, 2,2-
Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) octane, 4,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-phenylethane,
1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-phenylmethane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ether,
Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide, bis (4
-Hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, 1,1-bis (4-
Hydroxyphenyl) cyclopentane and the like.

These bisphenol compounds can be used alone or in combination.

Particularly preferably, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1-diphenylmethane, 1,1-
Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane is used.

Typical examples of the above-mentioned carbonic acid ester-forming compounds include various carbonyl dihalides such as phosgene, haloformates such as chloroformate compounds, and carbonic acid ester compounds.

Examples of the acid binder include alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide,
An alkali metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, an organic base such as pyridine, or a mixture thereof is used.

As the solvent, various solvents such as those used in the production of known polycarbonates may be used alone or as a mixed solvent.

Representative examples include hydrocarbon solvents such as xylene, halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as methylene chloride and chlorobenzene. The interfacial polycondensation reaction may be carried out using two types of solvents that are immiscible with each other.

The obtained reaction product (crude product) can be recovered as a polycarbonate resin having a desired purity (purification degree) by subjecting to various post-treatments such as a known separation and purification method.

In the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, the polycarbonate resin of the present invention may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds. If desired, other binder resin components such as polycarbonate may be contained as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. Further, additives such as an antioxidant may be contained.

The cylindrical conductive support used in the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention may be any one having conductivity, such as a metal or alloy such as aluminum or stainless steel,
Alternatively, a metal provided with a conductive layer, plastic, paper, or the like can be given.

Further, an undercoat layer having a barrier function and an adhesive function can be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer.

Materials for the undercoat layer include polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, ethylene cellulose,
Methyl cellulose, casein, polyamide, glue, gelatin and the like are used.

These are dissolved in a suitable solvent and coated on a conductive support. The thickness is preferably from 0.2 to 5.0 μm.

Further, when the image input is laser light, a conductive layer may be provided between the conductive support and the undercoat layer, if necessary, in order to prevent interference fringes due to scattering.

This conductive layer can be formed by dispersing conductive powder of carbon black, metal particles or metal oxides in a suitable binder resin.

The thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 5 to 30 μm.

Examples of the charge generating substance include azo pigments, quinone pigments, quinocyan pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments, azurenium pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, selenium-tellurium, pyrylium dyes, and thiopyrylium dyes. Is preferably used.

Incidentally, these may be used alone,
Alternatively, two or more kinds may be mixed and used together.

When the photosensitive layer is a laminated type, the charge generating layer is formed by vacuum vapor deposition, or the charge generating substance is put in a solvent together with a binder resin in a homogenizer, an ultrasonic wave, a ball mill, a vibrating ball mill, a sand mill, an atomizer. It can be formed by dispersing by a method such as a lighter or a roll mill, coating and drying. The thickness of the charge generation layer thus formed is 0.01 to 3 μm, and particularly 0.0
The range of 2 to 1 μm is preferable.

The binder resin that can be used when the charge generating layer is formed by coating can be selected from a wide range of resins, and organic photoconductive materials such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene and polyvinylpyrene can be used. It can be selected from polymers. Preferably, polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate (condensation polymer of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.), polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic resin, polyacrylamide resin, polyamide, polyvinyl pyridine, cellulosic resin, urethane resin Insulating resins such as epoxy resin, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylylpyrrolidone can be used.

Specific solvents that can be used for these binder resins include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, acetone,
Ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; methyl acetate; Ethers such as ethyl, aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride, dichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene, or aromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene, monochlorobenzene, and dichlorobenzene. Can be used.

Examples of the charge-transporting substance include polycyclic aromatic compounds such as biphenylene, anthracene, pyrene and phenanthrene, nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds such as indole, carbazole, oxadiazole and pyrazoline, hydrazone compounds and styryl compounds. It is preferably used.

Incidentally, these may be used alone,
Alternatively, two or more kinds may be mixed and used together.

When the photosensitive layer is a laminated type, the charge transporting layer can be formed by dissolving the charge transporting material in a solvent together with a suitable binder resin, if necessary, and coating and drying. The thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably in the range of 5 μm to 50 μm, and particularly preferably in the range of 8 μm to 35 μm.

Examples of the binder resin that can be used for forming the charge transport layer include acrylic resin, polyarylate, polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, and polyvinyl butyral when not a surface layer. Examples thereof include insulating resins such as polyvinyl formal, polysulfone, polyacrylamide, polyamide, and chlorinated rubber, and organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene, and polyvinylpyrene.

As the solvent, for example, those mentioned above can be used.

On the other hand, when the photosensitive layer has a single layer structure, the above-mentioned charge generating substance and 2 to 10 times the amount of the charge transporting substance are mixed with a suitable binder resin in a solvent, and the mixture is applied and dried. Can be formed by. The film thickness is 5 μm-3
The range of 5 μm, particularly 10 μm to 30 μm is preferable.

In the photosensitive layer of the present invention, a lubricant powder such as a fluorine resin powder, a polyolefin resin powder, a fluorocarbon powder, or ozone is generated by corona discharge for the purpose of protecting it from abrasion and scratches. A radical scavenger, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber and the like can be added for the purpose of preventing deterioration of the photosensitive layer from substances, repeated exposure and charging.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is generally applied to electrophotographic apparatuses such as copying machines, laser printers, LED printers and liquid crystal shutter type printers.
Display, recording, light printing using electrophotographic technology,
It can be widely applied to devices such as plate making and facsimile.

Next, an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a general electrophotographic apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is rotationally driven around an axis 1a in a direction of an arrow at a predetermined speed.

An electrostatic latent image is formed on the photoreceptor 1 by the latent image forming means. To form a latent image, for example, roller-shaped contact charging means 2 receives uniform charge of a positive or negative predetermined potential on the peripheral surface thereof, and then image exposure L is performed by an image exposing means (not shown).
(Slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure, etc.)
It is performed by irradiating. As a result, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the exposure image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor.

The electrostatic latent image on which the latent image is formed is then toner-developed by the developing means 4, and the toner-developed image is, for example, by the roller-shaped transfer means 5 from the paper feed portion (not shown) to the photoreceptor 1.
And the transfer means 5 are sequentially transferred onto the surface of the recording material P fed in synchronism with the rotation of the photoconductor 1. The recording material P that has undergone the image transfer is separated from the surface of the photoconductor and is introduced into the image fixing means 8, where the image is fixed and printed out of the apparatus.

The untransferred toner, paper dust and the like are scraped off by the cleaning means 6 on the surface of the photoreceptor 1 after the image transfer.

As the contact charging means for the photoconductor 1, a brush, a blade, or the like may be used in addition to the roller-shaped one.

As the electrophotographic apparatus, a plurality of components such as the photoconductor, the developing means, and the cleaning means described above are integrally combined as an apparatus unit, and this unit can be detachably attached to the apparatus main body. You may comprise.

[0074]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 As a conductive support, 30
An aluminum cylinder having a diameter of 260 mm and a wall thickness of 0.75 mm was prepared. On this, layers having the following structures were sequentially laminated and applied to form a photosensitive layer.

100 parts of electroconductive powder coated with tin oxide containing 10% of antimony oxide to 75% by weight with respect to titanium oxide (parts by weight, hereinafter the same), 100 parts of resol-based phenol resin, and methanol A solution consisting of 30 parts and 100 parts of methyl cellosolve was added and well dispersed by a ball mill device to obtain a coating material. This coating material was applied onto a substrate by dip coating and cured by heating at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a conductive layer of 20 μm. On top of this, polyamide resin (6-66
-64-124 yuan nylon copolymer) 1 part, and 8-
Nylon resin (methoxymethylated nylon, methoxylation rate about 30%) 3 parts methanol 50 parts butanol 40
Part coating solution dissolved in a solvent is applied by dip coating at 80 ℃
And dried for 10 minutes to provide a 0.5 μm undercoat layer.

Next, as a charge generating substance, a substance having the following structure

[0078]

Embedded image 1 part and polyvinyl butyral resin (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical, BX-
1) 2 parts were added to 60 parts of cyclohexanone, dispersed by a sand mill for 2 hours, diluted with 90 parts of methyl ethyl ketone, and dip-coated on the undercoat layer.
After drying at 10 ° C. for 10 minutes, a 0.2 μm charge generation layer was provided.

Next, 7 parts of a compound represented by the following structure as a charge transport material,

[0080]

[Chemical 21] And a polycarbonate resin having the following structure

[0081]

Embedded image 10 parts was dissolved in 40 parts monochlorobenzene and 25 parts dichloromethane, this solution was applied onto the charge generation layer by dip coating, and dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour to provide a 25 μm charge transport layer. Next, this photosensitive member was incorporated into a process cartridge having a structure as illustrated in FIG. 2, and this was installed in a laser beam printer having a print speed of 8 sheets (A4) per minute to continuously print 10000 sheets. Printing was performed, and the printed image quality and the amount of change in the thickness of the photosensitive layer were measured.

The condition of this electrophotographic apparatus is a roller-type contact charging system. As a roller charger, a conductive rubber layer of 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁵ Ωcm such as EPDM is provided on the outer periphery of a core metal, and the outer periphery thereof is provided. 10 ⁷ to 10 ^{9 made of} hydrin rubber, etc.
Providing a medium resistance layer of about Ωcm, and further 10 ⁷ to 10 ¹⁰
What provided the blocking layer of Ωcm as a surface layer was used.

Then, the roller charger is used as a photoconductor,
Contact was made at a total pressure of 800 g, and the rotation was driven. The conditions of the applied voltage were 700 V for the DC applied voltage, 550 Hz for the AC applied voltage, and 2000 V for the peak-to-peak voltage.

The rotation speed of the photosensitive member is 0.
It was 5 revolutions.

Table 1 shows the results.

[Example 2] Conductive support 2 of photosensitive drum
A photosensitive drum was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aluminum cylinder having a diameter of 4Φ, a diameter of 250 mm and a thickness of 0.75 mm was used.

Further, this photosensitive member was incorporated into a process cartridge having a structure as shown in FIG. 2, and the photosensitive member was mounted in a laser beam printer having a print speed of 4 sheets (A4) per minute. The same evaluation as was done.

The conditions of the applied voltage of the roller charger are as follows: DC applied voltage is 550V, AC applied voltage frequency is 150H.
The z-to-peak voltage was 1500V.

The rotation speed of the photoconductor is 0.
It was three revolutions.

Table 1 shows the results.

[Embodiment 3] Conductive support 3 for photosensitive drum
A photosensitive drum was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, using an aluminum cylinder having a diameter of 0Φ, 260 mm and a thickness of 0.75 mm.

Further, this photosensitive member was incorporated into a process cartridge having a structure as shown in FIG. 2, and the photosensitive member was mounted in a laser beam printer having a print speed of 4 sheets (A4) per minute, and the first embodiment was carried out. The same evaluation as was done.

The conditions of the applied voltage of the roller charger are as follows: DC applied voltage is 600V, AC applied voltage frequency is 250H.
The z-to-peak voltage was 1500V.

The rotation speed of the photoconductor is 0.
It was 26 rotations.

Table 1 shows the results.

Comparative Example 1 A photosensitive drum similar to that of Example 1 was prepared except that a polycarbonate resin composed of a repeating unit having the following structure was used, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0097]

Embedded image [Comparative Example 2] A photosensitive drum similar to that in Example 1 was prepared except that a polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit having the following structure was used, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0098]

Embedded image Example 4 A photoconductor was prepared and studied in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the polycarbonate resin having the following structure was used.

Table 1 shows the results.

[0100]

Embedded image Example 5 A photoconductor was prepared and examined in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the polycarbonate resin having the following structure was used.

The results are shown in Table 1.

[0102]

[Chemical formula 26] [Embodiment 6] 24Φ, 25 on the conductive support of the photosensitive drum
A photosensitive drum was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aluminum cylinder having a thickness of 0 mm and a wall thickness of 0.75 mm was used and a substance having the following structure was used as the electrification generating substance.

[0103]

Embedded image The photosensitive member was incorporated into a process cartridge having a configuration as illustrated in FIG. 2, and was mounted on a copying machine having a print speed of four sheets per minute (A4). Was done.

The conditions of the voltage applied to the roller charger are as follows: DC applied voltage is 650V, AC applied voltage frequency is 400H.
The z-to-peak voltage was 2000V. The rotation speed of the photoconductor was 0.3 rotations per second. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Comparative Example 3] A photosensitive drum similar to that of Example 6 was prepared except that a polycarbonate resin having a repeating unit having the following structure was used, and the same evaluation as that of Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 7] A photoconductor was prepared and studied in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the polycarbonate resin having the following structure was used.

Table 1 shows the results.

[0108]

Embedded image [Example 8] A photoreceptor was prepared and studied in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the polycarbonate resin having the following structure was used.

Table 1 shows the results.

[0110]

[Chemical 29]

[0111]

[Table 1]

[0112]

According to the present invention as described above,
By including a polycarbonate resin having a specific structure in the surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a scraping amount can be obtained even by a contact charging method in which the surface of the photosensitive member is contacted to be charged and the photosensitive drum having a small diameter of φ30 or less is used. It is possible to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an electrophotographic apparatus, and an apparatus unit which are less in number, can be speeded up, and have no inconvenience such as fog and light image density.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus using an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of another electrophotographic apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electrophotographic photoreceptor 2 Charging means 4 Developing means 5 Transfer means 6 Cleaning means 8 Fixing means 10 Process cartridge

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tatsuo Maeda 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (72) Hiroki Uematsu 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. Within the corporation

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic apparatus provided with respective processes for charging, exposing, developing, transferring and fixing arranged around an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the charging process is based on a contact charging system, In addition, the surface layer of the photoreceptor has the following general formula: Embedded image [Wherein, R ₁ and R ₂ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a and b are each independently an integer of 0 to 4, and X is Or Or [Chemical 6] And (provided that R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ , R ₆ , R ₇ and R ₈
Are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a sulfone group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Acyloxy group or carbon number 6
To 32 aryl groups, c, d and f are each independently an integer of 0 to 2, e is an integer of 0 to 4, and g and h are each independently an integer of 0 to 3. R ₉ and R ₁₀ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a sulfone group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Base,
Cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms or 6 to 12 carbon atoms
Is an aryl group. Z, Z ₁ and Z ₂ are C
H or N, the number of nitrogen atoms in Z is 1 to 4,
1-2 in Z _1, in Z ₂ 0 to 2, provided that Z
The total number of nitrogen atoms in ₁ and Z ₂ is 1 to 2, and R ₁₁
And R ₁₅ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a sulfone group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 6 to 1 carbon atoms.
2 aryl groups, i and j are each independently 0 to 1
Is an integer. ) Y is -CR ¹⁶ R ¹⁷ - (provided that, R ¹⁶ and R ¹⁷ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, an alkyl group or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms having 1 to 6 carbon atoms). , A 1,1-cycloalkylene group having 5 to 11 carbon atoms, an α, ω-alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a single bond,
-O -, - S -, - SO- or -SO ₂ - it is. ]
The repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) has a molar ratio of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (I) to the total amount of the repeating units represented by the general formula (II). An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a polycarbonate resin copolymer in the range represented by (I) / {(I) + (II)}] ≦ 0.9. 2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, further comprising a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive support, wherein the conductive support is a cylindrical cylinder having a diameter of 30 mm or less. 3. An electrophotographic apparatus provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1. 4. A charging unit constituting an electrophotographic apparatus.
An electrophotographic apparatus unit comprising a combination of at least one of a developing unit, a transfer unit and a cleaning unit, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1. 5. The continuous rotation speed of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is 1
The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the number of revolutions per second is 0.25 or more.