JPH0940976A - Fuel oil composition - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a fuel oil compsn. which possesses excellent lubricity and enables safety operation by adding a particular carbonic ester to a fuel oil. SOLUTION: This fuel oil compsn. comprises: (A) a fuel oil; and (B) a carbonic ester having a carbonyl dioxy group O-C(=O)-O. The fuel oil is pref. a gas oil for a diesel engine.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fuel oil composition used in a vehicle engine or the like, and more particularly to a fuel oil composition having excellent lubricity.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, vehicular engines, especially automobile engines, have been remarkably fuel-saving oriented, and as one of approaches to the approach, an electronically controlled fuel injection system has been developed for a gasoline engine for optimal fuel supply. . Diesel engines, which have been conventionally used as fuel-efficient engines, are receiving attention again as fuel-efficient engines. The fuel supply system of these engines is an injection system and is equipped with a fuel injection nozzle.

However, during the combustion of fuel, the injection nozzle is contaminated by sludge resulting from incomplete combustion of fuel,
The fuel supply rate may be affected. Further, the vicinity of the intake valve of these engines is easily susceptible to sludge contamination, and the accompanying phenomenon of wear of the intake valve may occur, which may hinder the operation of the valve. In particular, since fuel oil for diesel engines is composed of components having a high boiling point, it has high pour point and clogging point, and stable combustion tends to be difficult. Also, for purification of automobile exhaust gas, there is a tendency to use low sulfur content gas oil with reduced sulfur in diesel gas oil, and therefore the sulfur content, which is known to be effective as a natural inhibitor, is reduced. This can cause wear problems on the fuel injection nozzle.

[0004]

In order to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to have excellent lubricity, which makes it possible to stabilize the supply of fuel and air and enable stable operation. A fuel oil composition is provided.

[0005]

The present invention is characterized by containing (A): a fuel oil and (B): a carbonic acid ester having a carbonyldioxy group —O—C (═O) —O—. And a fuel oil composition.

The fuel oil (A), which is the main component of the fuel oil composition of the present invention, is used as a fuel for engines for vehicles, etc., and those generally used as fuel oil can be used without limitation. All fuel oils can be used regardless of the type of engine, such as diesel engines, but fuel oils for diesel engines are particularly suitable.
Such fuel oils include gasoline, diesel gas oil,
A heavy oil and the like are included, and those to which various additives are added are also included, but diesel light oil is particularly suitable.

As the carbonic acid ester (B) used in the present invention, a carbonic acid ester having a carbonyldioxy group —O—C (═O) —O— can be used without limitation, but it has 1 to 6 hydroxyl groups. 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to
10 alcohols, or 1 to 300 mol, preferably 1 to 100 mol, of an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms of these alcohols, and carbonic acid having a lower alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms. A carbonate ester obtained by reacting an ester with a base catalyst or a mixture thereof is preferable.

Specific examples of the alcohol include:
Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol,
Monoalcohols such as hexanol and octanol; glycols such as ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol; sugars such as sucrose and sorbitol; neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol Other polyhydric alcohols such as 1 to 300 moles of alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms of these alcohols,
Preferably 1 to 100 mol adduct, for example 1 to 100 mol propylene oxide of sorbitol, preferably 1 to
30 mol addition product and the like; alcohols obtained by etherifying the hydroxyl groups of the above alcohols, such as dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether and polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Specific examples of the lower carbonic acid ester include those having 1 to 1 carbon atoms such as dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
Carbonates having 0, preferably 1 to 5 alkyl groups; alkylene carbonates having alkylene groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the base catalyst include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, triethylamine and imidazole. Of these, alkali metal alcoholates are preferred. The base catalyst is used in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the reaction raw material.

The reaction between the alcohol and the lower carbonic acid ester is usually 50 to 300 ° C, preferably 60 to 200 ° C.
It is desirable to carry out at the temperature of. The reaction time is usually 0.
It is desired to be 5 to 50 hours, preferably 1 to 20 hours. The reaction can be performed without using a reaction solvent, but if necessary, an organic solvent such as hexane or toluene can be used.

After completion of the reaction, the base catalyst can be removed by washing with water or neutralizing with an acid. As the acid, solid acids such as sulfonic acid type ion exchange resins; inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid; organic acids such as acetic acid and the like are used. The carbonic acid ester thus obtained may be treated with an adsorbent such as activated clay or activated carbon to remove trace impurities, if necessary.

By reacting the alcohol and the lower carbonic acid ester as described above, the transesterification reaction proceeds, and a carbonic acid ester in which the alkoxyl group of the lower carbonic acid ester is exchanged with the alkoxyl group of the alcohol is obtained. The carbonic acid ester obtained by the above reaction usually has a kinematic viscosity of about 10 to 1000 cSt (100 ° C.) and imparts excellent lubricity to the fuel oil (A).

Examples of preferable carbonic acid ester (B) include carbonic acid esters represented by the following general formulas (1) to (3).

Embedded image [In the formula (1), R ¹ and R ² are each independently an aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the general formula (A).

Embedded image (In the formula, R ⁴ is an alkylene group having 2 to ⁴ carbon atoms, R ⁵ is an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and k is an integer of 1 to 100. Is a group selected from the group consisting of the groups represented by the formula (1), R ³ is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and m is 0 to 10
Is an integer of 0, and n is an integer of 0 to 100. ]

[0015]

Embedded image [In the formula (2), R ⁶ is a general formula (B).

Embedded image (In the formula, R ⁷ is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R ⁸ is independently a hydrocarbon group having 30 or less carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon group having an ether bond having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, q is an integer of 0 to 12), and p is an integer of 1 to 6. ]

Su-O-R ⁹ (3) [In the formula (3), Su is a group represented by the following formula (C), R ⁹
Is a group selected from the groups represented by the following formulas (D), (E), (F), (G) and (H).

Embedded image (In the formulas (C), (D), (E) and (F),
R ¹⁰ is a group represented by the following general formula (G) or (H). ) - In _{- ((C 3 H 6 O} ) s (C 2 H 4 O) t COOR 11 ... (H) ( the formula _{(G C 3 H 6 O)} s COOR 11 ... (G)) and (H) , R ¹¹ are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 30 or less carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms and having an ether bond, and s and t are each independently an integer of 1 to 12. )]

The fuel oil composition of the present invention is produced by mixing the above fuel oil (A) with one or more of the carbonic acid ester (B), thereby providing excellent lubricity. A fuel oil composition having is obtained.

In the present invention, the mixing ratio of the fuel oil (A) and the carbonic acid ester (B) is 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0, carbonic acid ester (B) per 100 parts by weight of the fuel oil (A). A range of 0.005 to 5 parts by weight is suitable. When the mixing ratio of the carbonic acid ester (B) is within the above range, the lubricating effect is sufficient, the viscosity of the fuel oil is appropriate, and the fuel oil standard is satisfied, which is preferable.

The fuel oil composition of the present invention contains, if necessary, an octane number improver, a cetane number improver, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, a deposit modifier, an antifreezing agent, a corrosion inhibitor and a low temperature fluid. Other additives such as a property improver, a storage stabilizer, an ash modifier, an extreme pressure agent and a detergent dispersant can be used in combination.

The fuel oil composition of the present invention obtained as described above is supplied to the engine as it is for combustion, but since it has excellent lubricity, the supply of fuel and air is stable and stable operation is possible. become. Such a phenomenon occurs without distinction between a gasoline engine and a diesel engine.

Even when a low sulfur content gas oil is used as the fuel oil (A), when the fuel oil composition of the present invention is formed, lubricity is imparted and excellent effects can be obtained. In addition, since the fuel oil composition of the present invention does not contain the nitrogen normally contained in conventional detergents, NO in engine exhaust gas
x concentration can be lowered.

[0022]

Since the fuel oil composition of the present invention contains fuel oil and carbonic acid ester, it has excellent lubricity, which stabilizes the supply of fuel and air and enables stable operation. be able to.

[0023]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. The analysis and evaluation in Examples and Comparative Examples were performed according to the following methods. [Lubricity] Using a SRV friction and wear tester manufactured by Optimol, the lubricity (seizure time, friction coefficient) was evaluated by the point contact (steel ball / steel plate) method. The measurement conditions are as follows. Temperature: 100 ° C constant Load: After initial 150N set, load is increased by 50N every 1 minute

Example 1 10 mol of propylene oxide 12 mol adduct of sorbitol 10
0 parts by weight, 400 parts by weight of dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and 750 parts by weight of dimethyl carbonate,
10 in the presence of 0.5 parts by weight of sodium methylate catalyst
The reaction was carried out by heating at 0 to 160 ° C. to obtain the desired carbonic acid ester. The kinematic viscosity of this carbonate ester at 100 ° C is 65c.
St. A fuel oil composition was prepared by adding 1 part by weight of the above carbonic acid ester to 100 parts by weight of commercially available light oil, and the lubricity was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2 100 parts by weight of monomethyl ether of polypropylene glycol (molecular weight of about 1000) and 30 parts by weight of dimethyl carbonate were heated and reacted at 100 to 160 ° C. in the presence of 0.3 part by weight of sodium methylate catalyst to obtain the objective. Carbonate ester was obtained. The kinematic viscosity of this carbonic acid ester at 100 ° C. was 23 cSt. A fuel oil composition was prepared by adding 1 part by weight of the carbonate ester to 100 parts by weight of commercially available light oil,
The lubricity was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 The lubricity of the gas oil used in Example 1 was evaluated.
The results are shown in Table 1.

[0027]

[Table 1] (Note) The coefficient of friction in each example is the value at 250N. The smaller the coefficient of friction, the better the lubricity.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Ken Fujii 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Mitsui Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A fuel oil composition comprising (A): a fuel oil and (B): a carbonic acid ester having a carbonyldioxy group —O—C (═O) —O—. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the fuel oil is diesel gas oil.