JPH093852A - Breakwater fixed on land and installed in deep sea - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a breakwater which is low in the construction and installation cost. SOLUTION: A breakwater is partly submerged in the sea and constituted of at least one unit of caisson and this caisson contains an absorbing basin 5 having a wall 6 positioned so as to face large waves coming from the direction H of the sea side. Both basin 5 and wall 6 attenuate the energy of large waves and have a plurality or openings 71 , 72 discharging at least a part of water entering into the basin. These breakwaters are installed in respective caissons and provided with one or more enclosed chambers 101 ,-104 , giving a perpetual buoyancy to respective caissons, a mooring device for the sea side end of the breakwater, and a regulating device of the movement of the land side start point (land side end) of the breakwater.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

The present invention is a breakwater fixed to the land and installed in the sea, especially in deep sea, which consists of at least one unit caisson partially submerged in seawater. Including an absorbing basin having one wall positioned to face a large wave,
These basins and walls both relate to breakwaters which have openings that dissipate a portion of the energy of the large wave and drain at least a portion of the seawater that has entered the basin.

Such breakwaters are, in particular, French patents 2,590,628 and 2,642,481.
And No. 2,693,216,
Are known. And the latter French Patent No. 2,693
According to the technique described in US Pat. No. 216, the unit caisson in which the absorbent basin is formed is provided by one or more jacket-type tubular metal lattice structures moored by piles to the seabed, or It is supported by a concrete structure that is fixed to the seabed under its own weight.

At present, the problem is how to install such breakwater in a deep sea, for example, a sea deeper than 30 meters, on the above-mentioned metal or concrete support structure. In other words, according to the research conducted so far, the structure that stabilizes the breakwater is created only when the support structure is made to be very large in size to withstand the severe ambient loads caused by large waves, ocean currents and earthquakes. It has been revealed that it is possible. However, the method of using such a very large-sized support structure has a problem in that its manufacturing and installation costs are prohibitive values.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and can withstand severe ambient loads caused by large waves, ocean currents and earthquakes, and can be manufactured at an economically acceptable cost. And to provide a breakwater that can be installed in deep sea.

The object of the present invention is to provide a breakwater of the above-mentioned type in addition to a) each caisson,
At least one sealed chamber that provides permanent buoyancy to each caisson; b) mooring devices for mooring the breakwater's seaside edge; and c) limiting movement of the starting point located on the landside of the breakwater. It is achieved by including a restricting device.

Thus, since the breakwater according to the present invention is provided with buoyancy, a huge and very costly support structure must be installed to support the breakwater above the sea floor. You can avoid using it. Therefore, the cost of manufacturing the breakwater according to the present invention and the cost of installing the breakwater in its final installation position are greatly reduced. Moreover, the buoyancy of breakwater significantly reduces the load from large waves or earthquakes.

According to one embodiment of the breakwater according to the invention, the limiting device for limiting the movement of the starting point of the breakwater comprises a second mooring device which is connected to the breakwater in close proximity to its starting point. .

According to another embodiment of the breakwater according to the invention, the limiting device operates according to several degrees of freedom of the breakwater.

The above-mentioned features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of the embodiments detailed with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the breakwater according to the present invention. The breakwater 1 is for example fixed to the land 2 in order to protect the installation of the harbor from large waves in the direction H substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the breakwater.

According to an important feature of the breakwater according to the invention (this feature is shown in FIG. 2), the breakwater 1 floats above the seabed 4 above the sea surface 3. FIG. 3 shows one cross section of a set of unit caissons joined end to end to form a breakwater 1 according to the present invention.

The caisson shown in FIG. 3 is made of reinforced concrete and / or prestressed concrete, and is constructed as a dry dock. The caisson contains an absorption basin 5 bounded on the sea side by a vertical wall 6 of the "Jarlan" type, in which a plurality of uniformly distributed openings 7 ₁ , 7 ₂ , ... Are drilled. To do. The total area of the openings 7 ₁ , 7 ₂ , ... Bored in the vertical wall 6 is
For example, it is 40% of the area of the vertical wall 6. This vertical wall 6
Are completely submerged, thus the openings 7 ₁ , 7 ₂ , ... Allow water to flow in both directions between the inside and the outside of the absorption basin 5.

Optional feature (this feature was filed on Jan. 31, 1995 by the applicant in French patent application no. 9)
5 01 115), the vertical wall 6 extends above the sea surface 3 by means of an inclined wall 7, which is formed like a staircase and Openings 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ , 8 ₃ , ... Are bored in each lift portion.

The intermediate partition is perpendicular to the vertical wall 6 and has a plurality of openings 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ...
This creates a light and solid caisson structure.

French patent application No. 95 01 1 mentioned above
As described in the specification of 15, the arrow H from the sea
The energy of the large waves coming in the direction of is through two mechanisms: on the one hand through a vertical wall 6 of the "Jaran" type using conventional means known in the art, and on the other hand the "porous beach".
h) through the sloping wall 7 using the "effect".

According to an important feature of the breakwater 1 shown in FIG. 3, each unit caisson is provided with at least one, in this embodiment, four sealed chambers 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , 10 ₃ , 10 ₄ . These sealed chambers give the unit caisson a permanent and reliable buoyancy. This buoyancy avoids the use of expensive support structures moored to the seabed (such support structures were previously recommended for supporting the caisson in half submersion). Caisson also
The sloping wall 7 is designed to include the base 11, does not sink, and is capable of easily docking a dock 12, a road 13 and an upper structure such as the above-mentioned sloping wall 7. Is set up as an artificial beach. On the side opposite to the sea, that is, on the land side, an absorption basin 14 similar to the absorption basin 5 described above is provided, thereby reducing the energy of the remaining large waves.

The floating breakwater 1 having the above-mentioned structure must be kept at a predetermined place, particularly with respect to the land, against drifting caused by the load such as large waves, ocean currents and winds applied to the breakwater 1. I won't. Therefore, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first
The mooring devices 15 ₁ to 15 ₆ of the breakwater 1 are connected to one end 1 of the breakwater 1.
₁ , which is provided for stabilizing the end (sea side end) 1 ₁ of the break water 1 opposite to the starting point 1 ₂ .
The second anchoring device _161-164 is connected to the break water 1 close to the electromotive starting 1 _2, and thereby stabilizes the break water 1 for land 2. These two mooring devices generally consist of a suitable tension chain which is fixed at one end to the seabed by means of anchors or piles.

Humans and vehicles can pass between the land 2 and the quay 12 of the breakwater 1 using the gangway 17 shown in FIG. The gangway 17 is attached to the land 2 by a joint device 18, and can be lifted up by a lifting jack 19. The articulation device 18 allows the gangway 17 to assume the required slope to compensate for the height difference between the quay 12 of the breakwater 1 and the land 2. The difference in height between the wharf 12 of the breakwater 1 and the land 2 is caused by the action of tidal currents and the surrounding loads such as large waves and winds applied to the breakwater 1.
It should be noted that the breakwater according to the invention is in particular, but not exclusively, so installed that it is exposed to particularly low tides, such as those found in the Mediterranean region.

Next, FIGS. 5 to 7 show a second embodiment of the break water according to the present invention. 1 to 4 in these FIGS. 5 to 7 and in FIGS. 8 to 13 following these drawings.
Reference numerals that are the same as those used in Table 1 refer to the same or similar elements or members. 5-7 break water 1 shown in is approximately the same as the break water 1 described in detail in connection with FIGS. 1-3, the seaward edge 1 ₁ a first mooring 15 _{1-15 4} Held in a similar way by. Wherein the break water 1 in FIGS. 5 to 7 differs from the break water 1 in FIGS. 3, replaced by a mechanical coupling device the second anchoring device for connecting an electromotive start 1 ₂ break water 1 on land 2 That is what is being done. This coupling device is constituted by an articulated bearing 20 which is shown in more detail in FIG. 7, which is a section along the line VII-VII in FIG.

[0021] In FIG. 7, the spherical joint 21 is on the fixed bet plate 22 attached to the support portion 2 ₁ of the land 2 via block 23. The block 23 is made of an elastic material such as neoprene,
And it is mounted using the techniques commonly used for bridge deck supports. Joint Gangway 17
Connects breakwater 1 to land 2. Further, the safety stop pieces 24 ₁ and 24 ₂ are integrally provided on the land 2 and the break water 1, respectively, so that the break water 1 can be lifted when the break water 1 receives an abnormal large wave or a surrounding load such as wind. It is prevented and stabilized, thereby maintaining the operation of the spherical joint 21. It will be appreciated that such a spherical joint 21 eliminates three of the six degrees of freedom at the origin 1 ₂ of the breakwater 1.

Next, as a modification of the connecting device using the spherical joint 21, the connecting device using the cylindrical swivel 21A is shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. This connecting device, namely the swivel 21A connecting the breakwater to the land bearing, comprises a vertical pivot 22A installed on the bearing and a set of neoprene supports installed between the pivot and the body of the breakwater. 23A. These supports 23A are sliding supports, thus allowing the breakwater to move vertically at its origin. This vertical movement is caused, for example, by a change in the average wave height of the tidal current or by the rocking of breakwater. Such a swivel 2
1A has 6 degrees of freedom (6
It will be appreciated that two degrees of freedom eliminates two of the two movements in the horizontal plane, the vertical movement and the three rotations that remain substantially free.

Next, FIGS. 9 to 12 show four other different variants of the mechanical coupling device for coupling the breakwater to the land. First, in the modified examples of FIGS. 9A and 9B, the starting point 1 _{2 of the} breakwater 1 is on the land 2,
It rests via a first fixed plain bearing 25 made of neoprene and a second plain bearing 26 which is laterally spaced from this first plain bearing 25. Second plain bearing 2
6 can slide in a horizontal plane 27 (see FIG. 9A). The breakwater 1 uses these plain bearings 25 and 2
The two degrees of freedom allowed by 6 are rotation in the direction of arrow F ₁ about the vertical axis passing through the plain bearing 26 (shake: see FIG. 9B) and passing through the plain bearings 25 and 26. Rotation in the direction of arrow F ₂ about the horizontal axis (vertical pitch: see (A) of FIG. 9). The plain bearing 25
And 26 are equipped with safety stops already known in the art.

Next, in the modified example of FIGS. 10A and 10B, the starting point 1 ₂ of the breakwater 1 is the land 2
In order to connect to each other, a plurality of elastic pads 28 _i (28 ₁ , 28 ₂ , 28 ₃ ) made of an elastic material are used. These elastic pads are fixed to the land 2 to absorb the rotation of the breakwater 1 in the horizontal plane. Further, the lateral safety stoppers 29 ₁ and 29 ₂ which are also made of an elastic material absorb the load generated by the lateral bending of the breakwater 1. Further, the starting point of the break water 1 is the plurality of other pads 30 _i (30 ₁ , 3
0 ₂ , 30 ₃ ), these pads limit the rotation (rolling) of the breakwater 1 about its longitudinal axis. The connecting device according to the modified example of FIG.
Effectively, it limits the breakwater's five degrees of freedom.

Next, in the modification of FIGS. 11A and 11B, the connection of the breakwater 1 to the land 2 is
Outgrowth 31 protruding from breakwater 1
Is formed on land 2 and break water 1
Is established by engaging a cylindrical cage 32 that is open towards. In this case, a plurality of resilient pads 33 _to 333 ₅ is interposed between the inner surface of outgrowth 31 and the cage 32. It will be appreciated that the coupling device according to this variant of FIG. 11 is equivalent to a swivel support with a horizontal axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the breakwater. Further, the pulling metal cables 34 ₁ and 34 ₂ are attached through the breakwater in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the breakwater 1. That is, these cables 34 ₁ and 34 ₂ are provided at one end thereof with the sea side end 1 of the breakwater 1 in order to give the breakwater 1 an elastic restoring force toward the cage 32.
It is fixed at ₁ and at land 2 at the other end.

Next, in the modified examples of FIGS. 12A and 12B, the elastic restoring forces are the pulleys 36 ₁ and 36 ₂ respectively.
It is provided by cables 35 ₁ , 35 ₂ passing over it. These pulleys 36 ₁ and 36 ₂ , respectively, are horizontally attached to the land ₂ and guide the ends 37 ₁ and 37 ₂ of the cables 35 ₁ and 35 ₂ toward a lateral fixed point of the land 2. Coupling device according to a modification of FIG. 12, the cable 35 _1, 3
5 gives the ₂ can adjust the elastic restoring force, the end 37 ₁ of the cable 35 _1, 35 ₂ and 37 ₂ and is a cross to facilitate its mounting. Further, the plurality of elastic pads 38 ₁ , 38 ₂ , 38 ₃ are attached to the support portion 2 _{1 of the} land 2.
The breakwater 1 restricts the movement of the starting point 1 ₂ of the breakwater 1 with respect to the land 2. Furthermore, another elastic pad 3
9 and the cable 35 _1, 35 _2, to limit movement along the longitudinal axis of the break water 1.

Finally, under severe ambient conditions, or when the breakwater is long compared to the wavelength of the large waves, the bending moments that occur along the breakwater structure are locally very high. FIG. 13 (A)-
(C) shows a breakwater according to the present invention designed to solve such a problem.

As can be seen in the plan view of FIG. 13A, this breakwater 1 comprises two unit caissons 1.
a, 1b, these unit caissons being connected together at their interfaces by articulation devices 40 ₁ , 40 ₂ .

One of the articulation devices 40 ₁ is shown in more detail in the elevation view of FIG. 13B and the plan view of FIG. 13C. The articulation device 40 ₁ includes a clevis 41, a tongue 42, and a pin 43 penetrating the clevis and the tongue. The clevis 41 and the tongue 42 are attached to the unit caisson 1 by plates 44 and 45, respectively.
It is fixed to a and 1b. Moreover, the pin 43 is substantially horizontal. Furthermore, a plurality of elastic stop pieces 46 ₁ ,
46 _2, 46 _3, 46 ₄ (see (B) in FIG. 13) limits of one caisson in around pin 43, a rotational movement about the other caissons.

The articulation device thus allows one caisson to rotate in the vertical plane with respect to the other caisson, thereby maintaining the bending moment along the breakwater while maintaining the established limits for the other degrees of freedom. It is possible to reduce the maximum value of.

According to all the embodiments of the breakwater according to the invention described above, the breakwater caisson is constructed in a dry dock, and then the caisson is towed to its final installation location by its inherent buoyancy, and then this location. It will be clear that it is possible to install breakwater mooring devices and other coupling devices according to the invention.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely given as an example. Therefore, FIG.
~ Instead of the coupling device shown in Figure 12, another coupling device,
That is, a coupling device may be provided that removes or limits the degrees of freedom (preferably at least two degrees of freedom) of the other groups of breakwaters.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a first embodiment of a breakwater according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the breakwater of FIG.

FIG. 3 shows the breakwater of FIGS. 1 and 2 as I of FIG.
It is a figure which expands and shows along the cross section of a II-III line.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a joint gangway installed between the breakwater of FIGS. 1 and 2 and the land.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a second embodiment of the break water according to the present invention.

6 is an elevational view of the breakwater of FIG.

7 is a perspective view of the joint bearing forming the connecting device between the breakwater and the land shown in FIGS. 5 and 6;
It is a figure expanded and shown along the cross section of I line.

FIG. 8 shows a limiting device which constitutes a connection device between the breakwater and the land according to the invention and which limits the movement of the starting point of the breakwater, (A) an elevation view and (B) a plan view. It is a figure.

9 shows a modified example of the restriction device of FIG. 8, (A) is an elevation view and (B) is a plan view.

FIG. 10 shows another modification of the restriction device of FIG. 8, (A).
Is an elevation view and (B) is a plan view.

11 shows another modification of the restriction device of FIG.
(A) is an elevation view and (B) is a plan view.

12 shows another modification of the restriction device of FIG.
(A) is an elevation view and (B) is a plan view.

13A and 13B show a third embodiment of the breakwater according to the present invention, which is an example in which an articulation device is provided at a connecting portion between two unit caissons, FIG. 13A being a plan view and FIG.
FIG. 3A is an elevation view and FIG. 3C is a plan view showing a part of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Break water 1 _a, 1 _b caisson 1 ₁ seaward end 1 ₂ electromotive starting 2 land 2 ₁ bearing 3 sea 4 seabed 5 absorption basin 6 vertical wall 7 inclined wall 7 _1, 7 ₂ opening 8 _{1-8 3} opening 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ openings 10 ₁ to 10 ₄ sealed chamber 11 base 12 wharf 13 road 14 absorption basin 15 ₁ to 15 ₆ mooring device 16 _{1 to} 16 ₄ mooring device 17 gangway 18 joint device 19 lifting jack 20 joint bearing 21 spherical joint 22 bed plate 23 block 24 ₁ , 24 ₂ safety stop piece 21A swivel 22A pin 23A support 25 plain bearing 26 plain bearing 28 _i , 28 _{1 to} 28 ₃ elastic pad 29 ₁ , 29 ₂ elastic pad 30 _i , 30 ₁ to 30 ₃ the elastic pad 31 outgrowth 32 cage 33 _to 333 ₅ elastic pad 34 _1, 34 ₂ tensile metal cables 5 _1, 35 ₂ cable 36 _1, 36 ₂ pulleys 37 _1, 37 end 38 ₁ of the _cable, 38 _second elastic pad 39 elastic pad 40 _1, 40 ₂ joint device 41 clevis 42 tongue 43 pin

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Rene Boucher France Use de Wou 06360 Grand Corniche 73 (72) Inventor Dominique Michel Parry, France 75008 Rue Artois 42 (72) Inventor Georges Deruille Parry, France 75015 Rue Vouillet 16 (72) Inventor Vincent Foglia 9600, France Aurené Sous Bois Avigne de la Croix Blanche 11 Bis

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A breakwater (1) having a starting point (1 ₂ ) fixed to a land (2) and installed in a deep sea, which is at least one unit which is partially submerged in seawater. It includes an absorbing basin (5) consisting of a caisson, the caisson having one wall (6) positioned so as to face the incoming large wave, both basins (5) and walls (6) being large waves. A breakwater (1) having a plurality of openings (7 ₁ , 7 ₂ ) for dissipating a part of the energy of the seawater and discharging at least a part of the seawater that has penetrated into the basin; And (b) at least one sealed chamber (10 ₁ to 10 ₄ ) for giving permanent buoyancy to each caisson, and b) a mooring device (1) for mooring the sea-side end (1 ₁ ) of the breakwater.
5 _1-15 and _6), limiting device for limiting the movement of the c) landside cause starting point of break water (1 _{2) (161-164;} 2
_{0; 25,26; 28 i (28} 1 ~28 3), 29 1, 29
_{2, 30 i (30 1 ~30} 3); 33 1 ~33 5, 34 1, 3
4 ₂ ; 35 ₁ , 35 ₂ , 38 ₁ , 38 ₂ , 39). 2. A method according to claim 1 in the break water according, the restriction device second mooring device connected close to its raised starting point (1 ₂₎ to break the water (1) (16 ₁
Break water, characterized in that it consists to 16 _4). 3. A breakwater according to claim 1, wherein the limiting device operates in accordance with at least two degrees of freedom of the breakwater. 4. A break water according to claim 3, wherein the limiting device is formed on the land (2).
_A breakwater comprising a vertical axis joint bearing (20) interposed between 1) and the underside of the caisson at the land-side origin (1 ₂ ) of the breakwater (1). 5. A break water according to claim 3, wherein the limiting device is formed on the land (2).
₁ ) and two plain bearings (25, 26) formed between the breakwater (1) and the underside of the caisson at the land-side starting point (1 ₂ ) of which one of the plain bearings (26) is A breakwater characterized by allowing a limited sliding of the breakwater in a horizontal plane passing through the plain bearing about a vertical axis passing through the other plain bearing (25). 6. A breakwater according to claim 3, wherein the limiting device is provided between a pivot (22A) installed on a bearing (2 ₁ ) of the land (2) and a caisson of the breakwater. A breakwater comprising a swivel (21A) in the shape of a cylinder, the swivel having a cylindrical shape with a set of neoprene supports (23A). 7. The breakwater according to claim 3, wherein the limiting device is made of an elastic material and is installed between the starting point (1 ₂ ) of the breakwater (1) and the land (2). A plurality of pads (30 ₁ to 30 ₃ ) on which the origin (1 ₂ ) rests under its own weight,
A plurality of other pads (28 _i (2 _i ) limiting the movement of the breakwater (1) along its longitudinal axis and along the axis perpendicular to the land (2) towards the land (2).
A break water comprising: 8 _{1 to} 28 ₃ ), 29 ₁ and 29 ₂ ). 8. A breakwater according to claim 3, wherein said limiting device projects from a starting point (1 ₂ ) of the breakwater (1) and cooperates with a cage (32) formed on the land (2). consist growth (31), said cage (32) is a break water, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of pads made of elastic material on its inner surface (33 _to 333 _5). 9. The break water according to claim 3 or 8, further comprising a plurality of elastic cables (34 ₁ , 34 ₂ ; 35 ₁ , 3) passing longitudinally through the break water (1).
5 ₂ ), these cables being secured and pulled to provide an elastic restoring force to the breakwater when the breakwater moves along its longitudinal axis or when the breakwater rotates in its horizontal plane. Break water characterized by giving. 10. Breakwater according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising at least two unit caissons, the caissons having at their interface at least one articulation device (40 ₁ , 40 _2). ), The articulation device being substantially horizontal and having an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the breakwater (1). 11. A breakwater according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a gangway (17) providing a passage between the breakwater (1) and the land (2). Break water featuring. 12. Breakwater according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the mooring device comprises a tension chain (15 ₁ to 15 ₆ and / or 16 _{1 to} 16 ₄ ). Break water. 13. The breakwater according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising a wharf (12) for docking a ship, a road (13), and a part of the energy of a large wave to absorb the beach. A breakwater, characterized in that it includes a building that constitutes at least one of the walls (7) used as. 14. A breakwater according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least a portion is made of one or both of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete.