JPH0934265A - Developing device - Google Patents
Developing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0934265A JPH0934265A JP7206563A JP20656395A JPH0934265A JP H0934265 A JPH0934265 A JP H0934265A JP 7206563 A JP7206563 A JP 7206563A JP 20656395 A JP20656395 A JP 20656395A JP H0934265 A JPH0934265 A JP H0934265A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- developer
- casing
- gap
- pole
- developing device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Landscapes
- Magnetic Brush Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、複写機、ファクシ
ミリ、プリンター等の画像形成装置に係り、詳しくは、
磁石を内蔵した非磁性の現像剤担持体上に磁性粒子を含
む現像剤をブラシ状に担持して現像を行う現像装置に関
するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a facsimile, and a printer.
The present invention relates to a developing device for carrying out development by carrying a developer containing magnetic particles in a brush shape on a non-magnetic developer carrying body containing a magnet.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来この種の現像装置としては、現像剤
担持体上に担持した現像剤が、現像装置内で飛散し、不
具合を発生させることがあった。そこで、現像剤の飛散
を防止するために、次のようなものが提案されている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in this type of developing device, the developer carried on a developer carrying member sometimes scatters in the developing device to cause a problem. Therefore, in order to prevent the scattering of the developer, the following has been proposed.
【０００３】例えば、特開昭５９−１０１６７６号公報
では、潜像担持体としての感光体ドラムに対向して設け
られた内部に磁石を有する現像スリーブに対して、該感
光体ドラムとの対向部よりも現像スリーブ回転方向上流
側で対向する第１穂立ち制限板を設けると共に、該第１
穂立ち制限板よりも現像スリーブ回転方向下流側でかつ
感光体ドラムとの対向部の上流側で該現像スリーブに対
向する第２穂立ち制限板を設けているものが提案されて
いる。これは、穂立ち制限板を２ヵ所に設けることによ
り、現像スリーブ上の現像剤の穂立ちによる現像剤の粉
煙の発生を防止するものでる。For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-101676, a developing sleeve having a magnet inside is provided so as to face a photosensitive drum as a latent image carrier, and a portion facing the photosensitive drum. A first bristling limiting plate facing upstream of the developing sleeve in the rotation direction of the developing sleeve is provided, and
It has been proposed that a second bristling limiting plate facing the developing sleeve is provided downstream of the bristling limiting plate in the developing sleeve rotation direction and upstream of a portion facing the photosensitive drum. This is to prevent the generation of dust of the developer due to the spike of the developer on the developing sleeve by providing the spike limiting plates at two places.
【０００４】また、実開昭６３−１３８５５９号公報で
は、潜像担持体との対向部に開口部を有し、現像剤担持
体を該開口部内部に設けているケーシングを有する現像
装置おいて、現像剤担持体と潜像担持体との対向部にお
ける該ケーシング開口部に、現像剤担持体の軸方向に延
在する可撓性シートを２枚設け、この２枚の可撓性シー
トのうち現像剤担持体に対する外側の可撓性シートの先
端部を潜像担持体に接触させると共に、内側の可撓性シ
ートを現像剤担持体に接触さることにより現像剤の飛散
を防止したものが提案されている。Further, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 63-138559, there is provided a developing device having an opening at a portion facing a latent image carrier and a casing having a developer carrier inside the opening. , Two flexible sheets extending in the axial direction of the developer carrying member are provided in the casing opening portion in the facing portion of the developer carrying member and the latent image carrying member. Among them, the one in which the tip of the outer flexible sheet with respect to the developer carrier is brought into contact with the latent image carrier and the inner flexible sheet is brought into contact with the developer carrier to prevent the developer from scattering. Proposed.
【０００５】また、例えば、実開昭５５−１０３６５２
号公報では、現像剤担持体上での現像剤の穂立ちに接触
する弾性の薄板を設けることにより、現像剤の飛散を防
止したものが提案されている。In addition, for example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 55-103652.
In the publication, there is proposed a developer which is prevented from scattering by providing an elastic thin plate which comes into contact with the spikes of the developer on the developer carrying member.
【０００６】また、特開昭６４−１１２７８号公報で
は、現像剤担持体の搬送方向上流側からの気流をブロッ
クするように磁気ブラシを設定し、搬送方向下流側の気
流を、現像後の磁気ブラシと現像剤担持体とケーシング
内壁面とによって形成される負圧空間によって現像容器
内への吸い込み流となるように設定することにより、外
部の空気をケーシング内部に吸い込み、現像剤の飛散を
防止するものも提案されている。Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-11278, a magnetic brush is set so as to block the air flow from the upstream side in the carrying direction of the developer carrying member, and the air flow in the downstream direction in the carrying direction is changed to a magnetic field after development. By setting the negative pressure space formed by the brush, the developer carrier and the casing inner wall surface so that the suction flow into the developing container, the outside air is sucked into the casing and the scattering of the developer is prevented. Something to do is also proposed.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、現像装置が
感光体に対向して開口している部分からの現像剤の飛散
を防止するために、上記のように現像剤の穂立ちに制限
板を設けたり、現像剤担持体弾性板を接触させたり、入
り口シールを２枚設けたりする従来の装置では、ケーシ
ングと現像ローラとの間に現像剤の穂が接触していない
空間が存在している。この空間に現像剤の粉が飛散して
ケーシングの内壁に付着し、一定量以上現像剤が付着堆
積すると自重で現像剤の穂の上に落ち、落ちた現像剤が
潜像担持体に付着して転写され、異常画像が発生してし
まうという問題点があった。However, in order to prevent the scattering of the developer from the portion where the developing device faces the photoconductor and is opened, a limiting plate is provided for the spike of the developer as described above. In the conventional device that is provided, the developer carrying member elastic plate is brought into contact, or two entrance seals are provided, there is a space between the casing and the developing roller where the developer ears are not in contact. . The powder of the developer is scattered in this space and adheres to the inner wall of the casing, and when a certain amount or more of the developer adheres and accumulates, it falls on the ear of the developer due to its own weight, and the dropped developer adheres to the latent image carrier. However, there is a problem that an abnormal image is generated.
【０００８】本発明は以上の問題点に鑑みなされたもの
であり、その目的とするところは、現像剤の飛散を防止
して異常画像の発生を防止できる現像装置を提供するこ
とである。The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a developing device capable of preventing the developer from scattering and preventing the occurrence of an abnormal image.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、請求項１の現像装置は、磁力を発生させる磁界発生
手段を備え、該磁力によって表面に現像剤を担持して潜
像担持体との対向部に搬送する現像剤担持体と、現像剤
収容部に収容されている現像剤を現像剤担持体上に供給
する現像剤供給手段と、該現像剤供給手段により供給さ
れた現像剤を担持した現像剤担持体表面に所定の規制ギ
ャップをもって対向し、現像剤担持体上の現像剤の層厚
を規制する層厚規制部材と、該層厚規制部材との対向部
から潜像担持体との対向部にわたり、該現像剤担持体表
面の一部又は全部を覆うケーシング部材とを有する現像
装置において、上記ケーシング部材の現像剤担持体に対
向する内面の各部における該現像剤担持体の表面とのケ
ーシングギャップが該現像剤担持体上の現像剤の自然な
穂立ち高さにほぼ等しくなるように、該内面形状を設定
したことを特徴とするものである。この現像装置におい
ては、ケーシング部材の現像剤担持体に対向する内面の
各部における該現像剤担持体の表面とのケーシングギャ
ップが該現像剤担持体上の現像剤の自然な穂立ち高さに
ほぼ等しくなるように内面形状が設定されたケーシング
部材と現像剤担持体上に担持される現像剤との間には現
像剤が飛散する余分な空間が生じない。In order to achieve the above object, a developing device according to a first aspect of the invention is provided with a magnetic field generating means for generating a magnetic force, and the developer is carried on the surface by the magnetic force to carry a latent image carrier. And a developer supplying means for supplying the developer contained in the developer accommodating section onto the developer carrying body, and the developer supplied by the developer supplying means. A latent image carrier is provided from a portion of the layer thickness regulating member that opposes the surface of the developer bearing body carrying the toner with a predetermined regulation gap and regulates the layer thickness of the developer on the developer bearing body. In a developing device having a casing member that covers a part or all of the surface of the developer carrying member over a portion facing the body, the developer carrying member in each portion of the inner surface of the casing member facing the developer carrying member is Casing gap with the surface To be substantially equal to the natural bristles height of the developer carrying member of a developing agent, it is characterized in that setting the internal surface shape. In this developing device, the casing gap between the inner surface of the casing member and the surface of the developer carrying member facing the developer carrying member is substantially equal to the natural spike height of the developer on the developer carrying member. There is no extra space for scattering the developer between the casing member whose inner surface shape is set to be equal and the developer carried on the developer carrier.
【００１０】請求項２の現像装置は、請求項１の現像装
置において、前記ケーシング部材内面の各部におけるケ
ーシングギャップが、前記現像剤担持体上の磁力の大き
さにほぼ比例した距離に、前記規制ギャップの大きさを
加えたギャップになるように、上記内面の形状を設定し
たことを特徴とするものである。この現像装置において
は、現像剤担持体上に磁力によって担持される現像剤層
の高さから層厚規制部材によって規制された規制ギャッ
プを引いた高さは、現像剤担持体上に発生する磁力分布
にほぼ比例する。このため、該現像剤担持体上に発生し
ている磁力分布にほぼ比例した距離に上記規制ギャップ
の大きさを加えたものを現像剤担持体表面の各磁力に対
応する部分にとると、現像剤担持体上に担持される現像
剤の穂立ちの高さにほぼ等しくなる。この形状にケーシ
ング部材の内面を設定すると、現像剤担持体上に担持さ
れる現像剤の穂とケーシング部材との間に現像剤が飛散
する余分な空間が生じない。A developing device according to a second aspect of the present invention is the developing device according to the first aspect, wherein the casing gap at each part of the inner surface of the casing member is regulated to a distance substantially proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic force on the developer carrying member. It is characterized in that the shape of the inner surface is set so as to be a gap obtained by adding the size of the gap. In this developing device, the height obtained by subtracting the regulation gap regulated by the layer thickness regulating member from the height of the developer layer carried by the magnetic force on the developer carrying body is the magnetic force generated on the developer carrying body. Almost proportional to the distribution. For this reason, when the distance corresponding to the magnetic force distribution generated on the developer carrying member plus the size of the regulation gap is taken as the portion corresponding to each magnetic force on the surface of the developer carrying member, It becomes almost equal to the height of the spike of the developer carried on the agent carrier. By setting the inner surface of the casing member in this shape, an extra space for scattering the developer does not occur between the ear of the developer carried on the developer carrier and the casing member.
【００１１】請求項３の現像装置は、請求項１の現像装
置において、前記磁界発生手段として、現像剤担持体上
に現像剤を組み上げる現像剤汲み上げ極と、該現像剤汲
み上げ極で汲み上げた現像剤を潜像担持体との対向部に
搬送する現像剤搬送極と、現像剤搬送極の現像剤搬送方
向下流側の潜像担持体との対向部で潜像担持体に現像剤
を供給する現像極とを有するものを用い、前記層厚規制
部材を上記現像剤汲み上げ極と上記現像剤搬送極との間
の０ガウス近傍に設け、上記ケーシングギャップが現像
剤搬送極と現像極との間の０ガウス近傍で最小となり、
該最小ケーシングギャップが前記規制ギャップの１〜
１．５倍となるよう上記ケーシング部材の内面形状を設
定したことを特徴とするものである。この現像装置にお
いては、０ガウス近傍では、現像剤担持体上の現像剤の
穂は寝ており現像剤の層厚が最も低い。この０ガウス近
傍で現像剤の層厚が層厚規制部材により規制ギャップ
（以下、Ｇｄという）に規制される。そして、この層厚
規制部材との対向部を通過した現像剤は、現像剤担持体
上で担持搬送されるにつれて、磁力分布にほぼ比例した
高さに穂立ちする。そして、現像剤が次の０ガウス近傍
を通過するとき、現像剤の高さが層厚規制部材によって
規制された厚みとほぼ等しくなる。この０ガウス近傍で
のケーシング部材と現像剤担持体とのケーシングギャッ
プがケーシング内面各部のうちで最小であるが、これが
規制ギャップ以上であるため、現像剤がスムーズに搬送
される。また、この最小ケーシングギャップが規制ギャ
ップの１．５倍以下であるので、現像剤とケーシング部
材との間に余分な空間ができることはない。ここで、層
厚規制部材で規制された後の現像剤担持体上の現像剤
は、現像剤搬送極で搬送され次の０ガウス近傍に到達す
るまでの間に上層部の現像剤が移動するなどして、現像
剤担持体表面上の鉛直方向での現像剤の層厚に多少の変
化が生じることがある。このため、最小ケーシングギャ
ップを規制ギャップと等しくしていると、現像剤搬送極
と現像極との間の０ガウス近傍の現像剤が部分的に最小
ケーシングギャップよりも高くなった場合に、現像剤が
スムーズに搬送されない恐れがある。最小ケーシングギ
ャップを規制ギャップの１．２倍以上にすれば、このよ
うな不具合を防止することができ、よりスムーズに現像
剤が搬送される。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the developing apparatus according to the first aspect, as the magnetic field generating means, a developer scooping pole for assembling the developer on the developer carrier and a developer scooped up by the developer scooping pole. The developer is supplied to the latent image bearing member at the facing portion of the developer transporting electrode that transports the agent to the portion facing the latent image bearing member and the latent image bearing member on the downstream side of the developer transporting electrode in the developer transporting direction. A developing pole is used, the layer thickness regulating member is provided near 0 gauss between the developer scooping pole and the developer transporting pole, and the casing gap is between the developer transporting pole and the developing pole. Is minimum near 0 Gauss of
The minimum casing gap is one of the regulation gaps
The inner surface shape of the casing member is set to be 1.5 times. In this developing device, in the vicinity of 0 gauss, the ear of the developer on the developer carrying body is sleeping and the layer thickness of the developer is the lowest. In the vicinity of 0 Gauss, the layer thickness of the developer is regulated to the regulation gap (hereinafter referred to as Gd) by the layer thickness regulation member. Then, the developer that has passed through the portion facing the layer thickness regulating member rises to a height almost proportional to the magnetic force distribution as it is carried and carried on the developer carrier. Then, when the developer passes near the next 0 Gauss, the height of the developer becomes substantially equal to the thickness regulated by the layer thickness regulating member. The casing gap between the casing member and the developer carrying member in the vicinity of 0 Gauss is the smallest among the respective portions on the inner surface of the casing, but since this is the regulation gap or more, the developer is smoothly transported. Further, since this minimum casing gap is not more than 1.5 times the regulation gap, no extra space is created between the developer and the casing member. Here, the developer on the developer carrying member after being regulated by the layer thickness regulating member is transported by the developer transporting electrode, and the developer in the upper layer portion moves until it reaches the next vicinity of 0 Gauss. As a result, the layer thickness of the developer in the vertical direction on the surface of the developer carrier may change to some extent. Therefore, if the minimum casing gap is made equal to the regulation gap, when the developer in the vicinity of 0 gauss between the developer transport pole and the developing pole partially becomes higher than the minimum casing gap, May not be transported smoothly. By setting the minimum casing gap to be 1.2 times the regulation gap or more, such a problem can be prevented and the developer can be conveyed more smoothly.
【００１２】請求項４の現像装置は、請求項２の現像装
置において、前記最小ケーシングギャップを形成してい
るケーシング内面部分が極率をもった形状であることを
特徴とするものである。ここで、極率をもつとは、丸み
をもつことである。この現像装置においては、極率をも
っているケーシング部材の最小ケーシングギャップを形
成している部分ではエッジ部がないので、現像剤がしご
かれることがなくよりスムーズに搬送される。A developing device according to a fourth aspect is the developing device according to the second aspect, characterized in that an inner surface portion of the casing forming the minimum casing gap has a shape having an extreme ratio. Here, having a pole ratio means having a roundness. In this developing device, since the edge portion is absent in the portion forming the minimum casing gap of the casing member having the extreme ratio, the developer can be conveyed more smoothly without being squeezed.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明を画像形成装置であ
る電子写真複写機（以下、複写機という）に適用できる
現像装置について説明する。図１は、本実施の形態に係
る現像装置を電子写真複写機に設けた現像装置近傍の概
略構成図である。図示しない原稿台に置かれた原稿に、
露光装置４による露光を照射し、その反射光を図示しな
いミラー及びレンズを介して潜像担持体としての感光体
１上に投影することにより、感光体１上の原稿の潜像を
形成する。感光体１の周辺には、感光体１の表面を一様
に帯電させる帯電装置６、感光体１上に形成された潜像
を顕像化する現像装置２、顕像化した像を感光体１から
分離して転写紙に転写する転写装置３、感光体１上の転
写残現像剤を除去するクリーニング装置５、感光体１上
の残留電荷を除去する図示しない除電装置などが配設さ
れている。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A developing device to which the present invention can be applied to an electrophotographic copying machine (hereinafter referred to as a copying machine) which is an image forming apparatus will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the vicinity of the developing device provided in the electrophotographic copying machine, in which the developing device according to the present embodiment is provided. For documents placed on the document table (not shown),
The latent image of the original document on the photoconductor 1 is formed by irradiating the exposure by the exposure device 4 and projecting the reflected light on the photoconductor 1 as a latent image carrier through a mirror and a lens (not shown). Around the photoconductor 1, a charging device 6 that uniformly charges the surface of the photoconductor 1, a developing device 2 that visualizes a latent image formed on the photoconductor 1, and a visualized image on the photoconductor. 1, a transfer device 3 for separating from 1 to transfer to a transfer paper, a cleaning device 5 for removing the untransferred residual developer on the photoconductor 1, a charge removing device (not shown) for removing the residual charge on the photoconductor 1 and the like are provided. There is.
【００１４】上記現像装置２は、装置本体に対して脱着
可能な現像剤収容部としてのトナーカートリッジ１０
と、現像部１１とからなっており、トナーカートリッジ
１０には、現像部１１内へ現像剤を補給する現像剤補給
手段としてのアジテータ１２を備え、現像部１１には、
現像部１１内の現像剤を担持して感光体１上に現像剤を
補給する現像ローラ１３、トナーカートリッジ１０より
補給された現像剤を撹拌する撹拌部材１４，１５などを
備えている。また、現像ローラ１３には、図示しない電
源からの現像バイアス電圧が印加され、感光体１との間
に所定のポテンシャルが形成される。The developing device 2 has a toner cartridge 10 as a developer accommodating portion which can be attached to and detached from the main body of the device.
And a developing unit 11, the toner cartridge 10 is provided with an agitator 12 as a developer replenishing means for replenishing the developer into the developing unit 11, and the developing unit 11 includes
The developing unit 13 includes a developing roller 13 that carries the developer in the developing unit 11 and replenishes the developer on the photoconductor 1, stirring members 14 and 15 that stir the developer replenished from the toner cartridge 10. Further, a developing bias voltage from a power source (not shown) is applied to the developing roller 13, and a predetermined potential is formed between the developing roller 13 and the photoconductor 1.
【００１５】図２は、従来の現像装置における現像ロー
ラ１３近傍の平面図である。現像ローラ１３は、内部に
磁界形成手段としてのマグネットが設けられており、こ
のマグネットによって現像ローラ１３の外周表面に対し
て５方向に磁界３０を発生させている。これらの磁界３
０のうち、現像ローラ１３が現像剤を担持して感光体ド
ラム１に現像剤を供給するまでの間には、現像ローラ１
３の感光体ドラム１に対向する側と反対方向に形成され
現像剤を組み上げる磁界である現像剤汲み上げ極３０
ａ、該現像剤汲み上げ極に隣合い現像ローラ１３外周面
の上方に発生して汲み上げた現像剤を感光体ドラム１と
対向する側に搬送する磁界である現像剤搬送極３０ｂ、
現像に現像ローラ１３と感光体ドラム１とが対向してい
る現像位置に発生している磁界である主極３０ｃ等があ
る。FIG. 2 is a plan view of the vicinity of the developing roller 13 in the conventional developing device. The developing roller 13 is internally provided with a magnet as a magnetic field forming means, and this magnet generates a magnetic field 30 in five directions with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the developing roller 13. These magnetic fields 3
0, until the developing roller 13 carries the developer and supplies the developer to the photosensitive drum 1,
3 is a magnetic field that is formed in a direction opposite to the side facing the photoconductor drum 1 and that assembles the developer.
a, a developer carrying pole 30b which is a magnetic field for carrying the developer, which is adjacent to the developer drawing pole and is above the outer peripheral surface of the developing roller 13 and is drawn to the side facing the photosensitive drum 1,
For the development, there is a main pole 30c, which is a magnetic field generated at the development position where the developing roller 13 and the photosensitive drum 1 face each other.
【００１６】現像装置を囲んでいる容器１６は感光体ド
ラム１側で開口しており、該開口部には現像ローラ１３
が設けられて、容器１６の下部が該現像ローラ１３の下
方を覆い、上部が現像ローラ１３の上方を露出させるよ
うな形状に形成されている。そして、現像装置の容器１
６開口部を感光体ドラム１に近づけることによって、現
像ローラ１３を感光体ドラム１に一定の間隔（以下、Ｇ
ｐという）をもって対向させている。容器１６の上端部
には、下方に延在し現像剤汲み上げ極３０ａと現像剤搬
送極３０ｂとの間の０ガウス近傍で先端部が現像ローラ
１３外周面との間に規制ギャップ（以下、Ｇｄという）
をもって対向している層厚規制部材１７が設けられてい
る。更に、層厚規制部材１７と感光体ドラム１との間に
は、層厚規制部材の中程から感光体ドラム１側に水平に
延在し、現像ローラ１３と感光体ドラム１との対向部で
斜め下方に下がり、端部を上方に折り曲げた形状のケー
シング部材としての入り口シールケーシング１８と、該
入り口シールケーシング１８の端部に設けられ入り口シ
ールケーシング１８と感光体ドラム１との間を閉じるよ
うに先端部を感光体ドラム１に接触させられた弾性体か
らなる入り口シール１９とが設けられている。A container 16 enclosing the developing device is opened on the side of the photosensitive drum 1, and the developing roller 13 is opened in the opening.
Is provided so that the lower part of the container 16 covers the lower part of the developing roller 13 and the upper part thereof exposes the upper part of the developing roller 13. And the container 1 of the developing device
By bringing the six openings closer to the photosensitive drum 1, the developing roller 13 is spaced from the photosensitive drum 1 at a constant interval (hereinafter, referred to as G
(P). At the upper end portion of the container 16, a tip end portion of the container 16 has a regulation gap (hereinafter, referred to as Gd) between the developer pumping electrode 30a and the developer transporting electrode 30b, and a tip portion of the outer peripheral surface of the developing roller 13 near 0 gauss. Say)
The layer thickness regulating member 17 facing each other is provided. Further, between the layer thickness regulating member 17 and the photoconductor drum 1, it extends horizontally from the middle of the layer thickness regulating member to the photoconductor drum 1 side, and the developing roller 13 and the photoconductor drum 1 face each other. And an entrance seal casing 18 as a casing member having a shape in which an end portion is bent upward, and an end seal casing 18 provided at an end portion of the entrance seal casing 18 and the photosensitive drum 1 are closed. As described above, the inlet seal 19 made of an elastic body whose tip portion is brought into contact with the photosensitive drum 1 is provided.
【００１７】以上の構成によって、現像剤汲み上げ極３
０ａで現像ローラ１３に担持された現像剤は、層厚規制
部材１７によって層厚がＧｄに規制され、現像剤搬送極
で磁力線に沿うような形で穂が立って感光体ドラム１と
の対向部に向かって搬送される。感光体ドラム１との対
向部では、感光体ドラム１上に作られた潜像が主極３０
ｃ上で現像される。With the above configuration, the developer pumping pole 3
The layer thickness of the developer carried by the developing roller 13 at 0a is regulated to Gd by the layer thickness regulating member 17, and the developer conveying pole faces the photoconductor drum 1 in a shape that follows the magnetic line of force. Is transported to the department. At the portion facing the photosensitive drum 1, the latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 1 is the main pole 30.
developed on c.
【００１８】図３は、現像ローラ１３上に汲み上げられ
た現像剤の穂立ちの様子を示した図である。現像ローラ
１３上に担持され、層厚規制部材１７で層厚が規制され
た現像剤は、現像剤搬送極の磁力分布即ち現像ローラ１
３周面各部から半径方向に働く磁力に対してほぼ比例し
た高さの穂（図中Ｔ）となって搬送される。層厚規制部
材１７を通過した後、現像剤は感光体ドラム１側に到達
するまでの間、この現像剤は現像ローラ１３と入り口シ
ールケーシング１８との間の空間を通る。この時、入り
口シールケーシング１８と現像ローラ１３との間には現
像剤の穂が接触していない余分な空間や、層厚規制部材
１７と入り口シールケーシング１８との接続部のような
部品間の隙間等（図中Ｓ）があり、この空間Ｓに現像剤
の粉が飛散してケーシングの内壁に付着し、一定量以上
現像剤が付着堆積すると自重で現像剤の穂の上に落ちて
形成画像上に異常画像を発生させてしまうことがある。FIG. 3 is a view showing how the developer scooped up on the developing roller 13 stands up. The developer carried on the developing roller 13 and the layer thickness of which is regulated by the layer thickness regulating member 17 has a magnetic force distribution of the developer carrying pole, that is, the developing roller 1.
The ears (T in the figure) having a height almost proportional to the magnetic force acting in the radial direction are conveyed from each part of the three circumferential surfaces. After passing through the layer thickness regulating member 17, the developer passes through the space between the developing roller 13 and the inlet seal casing 18 until it reaches the photosensitive drum 1 side. At this time, an extra space between the inlet seal casing 18 and the developing roller 13 in which the ears of the developer are not in contact, and a part such as a connecting portion between the layer thickness regulating member 17 and the inlet seal casing 18 are provided. There is a gap (S in the figure), and the powder of the developer scatters in this space S and adheres to the inner wall of the casing. When a certain amount or more of the developer adheres and accumulates, it falls on the ear of the developer due to its own weight. An abnormal image may be generated on the image.
【００１９】図４は、上記のような不具合の発生を防止
できる入り口ケーシング２０の形状を示した図である。
まず、入り口ケーシング２０の形状を決める過程を説明
する。現像ローラ１３中心から層厚規制部材１７先端ま
での距離を半径として中心を現像ローラ１３中心と共有
した円を仮想円３１として描く。次に、現像ローラ１３
表面各部から半径方向に働く磁力に対して一定の比例定
数（Ｋとする）をかけることによって求めた値を長さと
して、この長さを現像ローラ１３表面各部における仮想
円３１上から鉛直方向に取ったとき、それらの先端部が
形成する曲線３２を描く。ここで、上記比例定数は、現
像剤搬送極３０ｂにおける最大磁力に比例定数Ｋをかけ
て求めた値を長さとして仮想円３１上の最大磁力を発し
ている位置にとったときに、その先端部までの現像ロー
ラ１３表面からの高さＨｍａｘが、その位置での現像剤
の穂の高さと等しくなるような値とする。入り口ケーシ
ング２０の現像ローラ１３に対向する側の形状が、上記
のようにして描いた曲線３２と等しくなるように、入り
口ケーシング２０を形成する。FIG. 4 is a view showing the shape of the inlet casing 20 capable of preventing the occurrence of the above problems.
First, the process of determining the shape of the inlet casing 20 will be described. A circle having the center shared with the center of the developing roller 13 is drawn as a virtual circle 31 with the distance from the center of the developing roller 13 to the tip of the layer thickness regulating member 17 as a radius. Next, the developing roller 13
The length obtained by multiplying the magnetic force acting in the radial direction from each part of the surface by a constant proportional constant (K) is taken as the length, and this length is measured from the virtual circle 31 on each part of the surface of the developing roller 13 in the vertical direction. When taken, it draws the curve 32 formed by their tips. Here, the above-mentioned proportionality constant has its tip when the value obtained by multiplying the maximum magnetic force at the developer transport pole 30b by the proportionality constant K is taken as the length and at the position where the maximum magnetic force is emitted on the virtual circle 31. The height Hmax from the surface of the developing roller 13 up to the part is set to be equal to the height of the brush of the developer at that position. The inlet casing 20 is formed so that the shape of the inlet casing 20 on the side facing the developing roller 13 is equal to the curve 32 drawn as described above.
【００２０】上記のように入り口ケーシング２０を形成
することによって、層厚規制部材１７を通過した後の現
像ローラ１３表面の現像剤の穂の高さは、現像ローラ１
３表面と入り口ケーシング２０との間のケーシングギャ
ップ（以下、Ｇｃという）にほぼ等しくなる。このた
め、入り口ケーシング２０と現像ローラ１３との間に
は、図３に示したような現像剤の穂が接触していない余
分な空間がなくなり、現像剤が飛散して入り口ケーシン
グ２０の内壁に付着することがなく、現像剤の穂の上に
現像剤が落ちて形成画像上に異常画像を発生させてしま
う不具合を防止することができる。By forming the inlet casing 20 as described above, the height of the spikes of the developer on the surface of the developing roller 13 after passing through the layer thickness regulating member 17 is determined by the developing roller 1
3 is approximately equal to the casing gap (hereinafter referred to as Gc) between the surface and the inlet casing 20. Therefore, between the inlet casing 20 and the developing roller 13, there is no extra space as shown in FIG. 3 in which the ears of the developer are not in contact with each other, and the developer scatters to the inner wall of the inlet casing 20. It is possible to prevent the problem that the developer does not adhere and the developer falls on the ears of the developer to cause an abnormal image on the formed image.
【００２１】本実施の形態においては、層厚規制部材と
ケーシング部材とを入り口ケーシング２０で一体に形成
している。従って、２部品間には接合部がなく、飛散し
た現像剤が溜る恐れのある接合部の隙間をなくすことが
できるので、接合部の隙間に溜った現像剤が落ちて形成
画像上に異常画像を発生させてしまうことを防止でき
る。また、部品を一体化することで、コストダウンを図
ることができる。In this embodiment, the layer thickness regulating member and the casing member are integrally formed by the inlet casing 20. Therefore, since there is no joint between the two parts and the gap in the joint that may collect the scattered developer can be eliminated, the developer accumulated in the gap in the joint drops and an abnormal image is formed on the formed image. Can be prevented. In addition, the cost can be reduced by integrating the components.
【００２２】図５は、図４中のＡに示す現像剤搬送極３
０ｂと主極３０ｃとの間の０ガウス近傍の拡大図であ
る。上記のようにして入り口ケーシング２０の形状を決
めると、現像剤搬送極３０ｂと主極３０ｃとの間の０ガ
ウス近傍のＧｃは最小（以下、Ｇｃ1という）でＧｄと
等しくなっている。層厚規制部材１７で規制された後の
現像剤は、現像剤搬送極３０ｂと主極３０ｃとの間の０
ガウス近傍に搬送される間に上層部の現像剤が移動する
などして、予期せずに現像ローラ１３上の鉛直方向での
現像剤の層厚に多少の変化が生じることがある。このた
め、現像剤搬送極３０ｂと主極３０ｃとの間の０ガウス
近傍ではの現像剤が部分的にＧｄよりも高くなっている
ことがあり、現像剤の先端が入り口ケーシング２０に衝
突して現像剤がスムーズに搬送されない場合がある。こ
のような不具合を防止するため、最小のＧｃを形成して
いる入り口ケーシング２０の先端部３３を取り除き、最
小ケーシングギャップＧｃ1がＧｄ以上、望ましくはＧ
ｄの１．２倍以上になるようにする。但し、最小ギャッ
プＧｃ1を大きくしすぎると、現像ローラ１３と入り口
ケーシング２０との間に余分な空間ができ、従来の現像
装置のような不具合が生じてしまうので、Ｇｃ1の上限
をＧｄの１．５倍以内とする。上記構成によって、層厚
規制部材１７を通過した後の現像ローラ１３表面の現像
剤の層厚が部分的に高くなっても、現像剤がスムーズに
搬送される。FIG. 5 shows the developer carrying electrode 3 shown by A in FIG.
It is an enlarged view near 0 Gauss between 0b and the main pole 30c. When the shape of the inlet casing 20 is determined as described above, Gc in the vicinity of 0 Gauss between the developer transport electrode 30b and the main electrode 30c is the minimum (hereinafter, referred to as Gc 1 ) and equal to Gd. The developer after being regulated by the layer thickness regulating member 17 is 0 between the developer transport pole 30b and the main pole 30c.
The developer in the upper layer may move while being transported to the vicinity of Gauss, and the layer thickness of the developer in the vertical direction on the developing roller 13 may unexpectedly change somewhat. Therefore, the developer in the vicinity of 0 gauss between the developer transport electrode 30b and the main electrode 30c may be partially higher than Gd, and the tip of the developer collides with the inlet casing 20. The developer may not be transported smoothly. In order to prevent such a problem, the tip portion 33 of the inlet casing 20 forming the minimum Gc is removed so that the minimum casing gap Gc 1 is equal to or larger than Gd, preferably G.
It should be 1.2 times or more of d. However, if the minimum gap Gc 1 is made too large, an extra space is created between the developing roller 13 and the inlet casing 20, which causes a problem like the conventional developing device. Therefore, the upper limit of Gc 1 is set to Gd 1. Within 1.5 times. With the above configuration, even if the layer thickness of the developer on the surface of the developing roller 13 after passing through the layer thickness regulating member 17 is partially increased, the developer is smoothly transported.
【００２３】図６は、現像剤の搬送がよりスムーズに行
われるようにするための構成を示した図である。入り口
ケーシング２０の最小ケーシングギャップＧｃ1を形成
する部分が、図５に示すように、角にエッジ部３４があ
ると、このエッジ部で現像剤がしごかれ、スムーズに搬
送されない場合が考えられる。そこで、このエッジ部３
４に極率をもたせることによって、現像剤がよりスムー
ズに搬送される。極率をもたせる方法としては、例え
ば、図６に示すように、入り口ケーシング２０の内壁が
形成する曲面３２の最小ケーシングギャップＧｃ1を形
成している部分の近傍に現像ローラ１３の逆方向から接
し、現像ローラ１３との間隔がＧｄの１〜１．５倍の範
囲内になるような接円３４を描き、この接円３４と入り
口ケーシング２０の内壁が形成する曲面とによって囲ま
れる部分を取り除くことがある。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a structure for more smoothly carrying the developer. If the portion of the inlet casing 20 that forms the minimum casing gap Gc 1 has an edge portion 34 at the corner as shown in FIG. 5, the developer may be squeezed at this edge portion and may not be transported smoothly. . Therefore, this edge part 3
By giving 4 to the extreme ratio, the developer is more smoothly conveyed. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the method of providing the polarizability is such that the curved surface 32 formed by the inner wall of the inlet casing 20 is in contact with the vicinity of the portion forming the minimum casing gap Gc 1 from the opposite direction of the developing roller 13. , A contact circle 34 is drawn such that the distance between the developer roller 13 and the developing roller 13 is in the range of 1 to 1.5 times Gd, and the portion surrounded by the contact circle 34 and the curved surface formed by the inner wall of the inlet casing 20 is removed. Sometimes.
【００２４】[0024]
【発明の効果】請求項１の現像装置によれば、現像剤担
持体表面に磁力によって担持される現像剤の穂立ちの高
さにほぼ等しい形状にケーシング部材の内面形状を設定
し、現像剤担持体上に担持される現像剤の穂立ちの高さ
とケーシング部材との間に現像剤が飛散する余分な空間
を作らないので、ケーシング部材の内壁に現像剤が付着
堆積せず、付着堆積した現像剤が落下して異常画像を発
生させることを防止できるという優れた効果がある。According to the developing device of the present invention, the inner surface shape of the casing member is set to a shape substantially equal to the height of the spikes of the developer carried by the magnetic force on the surface of the developer carrier. Since no extra space for scattering of the developer is created between the height of the rising of the developer carried on the carrier and the casing member, the developer does not adhere to the inner wall of the casing member, and adheres and accumulates. There is an excellent effect that it is possible to prevent the developer from dropping and generating an abnormal image.
【００２５】請求項２の現像装置によれば、該現像剤担
持体上に発生している磁力分布にほぼ比例した距離に上
記規制ギャップの大きさを加えたものを現像剤担持体表
面の各磁力に対応する部分にとることによって、現像剤
担持体上に担持される現像剤の穂立ちの高さにほぼ等し
い形状を得、この形状にケーシング部材の内面を設定し
て、現像剤担持体上に担持される現像剤の穂とケーシン
グ部材との間に現像剤が飛散する余分な空間を作らない
ようにしているので、ケーシング部材の内壁に現像剤が
付着堆積せず、付着堆積した現像剤が落下して異常画像
を発生させることを防止できるという優れた効果があ
る。According to the developing device of the second aspect, each of the surfaces of the developer carrying member is obtained by adding the size of the regulation gap to the distance substantially proportional to the magnetic force distribution generated on the developer carrying member. By taking the portion corresponding to the magnetic force, a shape substantially equal to the height of the spikes of the developer carried on the developer carrying body is obtained, and the inner surface of the casing member is set to this shape to provide the developer carrying body. Since an extra space for scattering of the developer is not formed between the ear of the developer carried on the casing and the casing member, the developer does not adhere to the inner wall of the casing member and the accumulated adhesion There is an excellent effect that it is possible to prevent the agent from dropping and generating an abnormal image.
【００２６】特に請求項３の現像装置によれば、０ガウ
ス近傍で層厚規制部材によって現像剤の層厚が規制され
た現像剤が次の０ガウス近傍を通過するときの最小ケー
シングギャップを、規制ギャップの以上にしているの
で、現像剤がスムーズに搬送される。また、最小ケーシ
ングギャップが現像剤担持体と層厚規制部材とのギャッ
プの１．５倍以下であるので、現像剤とケーシング部材
との間に余分な空間ができることはなく、現像剤の飛散
を防止でき、飛散したトナーが溜って異常画像を発生さ
せることを防止できるという優れた効果がある。特に、
層厚規制部材で規制された後の現像剤担持体上の現像剤
が次の０ガウス近傍に到達するまでの間に上層部の現像
剤が移動するなどして層厚に多少の変化が生じた場合で
も最小ケーシングギャップを規制ギャップの１．２倍以
上にすれば、現像剤がスムーズに搬送される。In particular, according to the developing device of claim 3, the minimum casing gap when the developer whose layer thickness is regulated by the layer thickness regulating member in the vicinity of 0 Gauss passes through the next 0 Gauss, The developer is smoothly transported because the gap is set to be larger than the regulation gap. Further, since the minimum casing gap is 1.5 times or less than the gap between the developer carrying member and the layer thickness regulating member, no extra space is formed between the developer and the casing member, and the developer is scattered. There is an excellent effect that it is possible to prevent the generation of an abnormal image by collecting scattered toner. Especially,
After the developer on the developer carrier is regulated by the layer thickness regulating member, the developer in the upper layer moves, etc., until the developer reaches the next vicinity of 0 gauss. Even in such a case, if the minimum casing gap is 1.2 times or more the regulation gap, the developer can be smoothly transported.
【００２７】また特に、請求項４の現像装置によれば、
極率をもった形状のケーシング部材の最小ケーシングギ
ャップを形成している部分では現像剤がしごかれること
がなくよりスムーズに搬送されるので、エッジ部でトナ
ーがしごかれて飛散し、飛散したトナーが溜って異常画
像を発生させることを防止できるという優れた効果があ
る。In particular, according to the developing device of claim 4,
Since the developer is not squeezed in the part that forms the minimum casing gap of the casing member having the extreme shape and is transported more smoothly, the toner is squeezed and scatters at the edge part and scatters. There is an excellent effect that it is possible to prevent the accumulated toner from being accumulated and generating an abnormal image.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】本実施の形態に係る現像装置を電子写真複写機
に設けた現像装置近傍の概略構成図。FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram in the vicinity of a developing device in which the developing device according to the present embodiment is provided in an electrophotographic copying machine.
【図２】従来の現像装置における現像ローラ近傍の平面
図。FIG. 2 is a plan view of the vicinity of a developing roller in a conventional developing device.
【図３】現像ローラ上に汲み上げられた現像剤の穂立ち
の様子の説明図。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of how the developer scooped up on the developing roller is raised.
【図４】本実施の形態にかかる入り口ケーシングの平面
図。FIG. 4 is a plan view of an inlet casing according to the present embodiment.
【図５】図４中のＡに示す現像剤搬送極と主極との間の
０ガウス近傍の拡大図。5 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of 0 gauss between the developer transport pole and the main pole shown by A in FIG.
【図６】同、現像剤搬送極と主極との間の０ガウス近傍
の最小ケーシングギャップを形成する方法の説明図。FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a method of forming a minimum casing gap near 0 gauss between the developer transport pole and the main pole.
１ 感光体ドラム ２ 現像装置 ３ 転写装置 ４ 露光装置 ５ クリーニング装置 ６ 帯電装置 １０ トナーカートリッジ １１ 現像部 １２ アジテータ １３ 現像ローラ １４，１５ 撹拌部材 １６ 容器 １７ 層厚規制部材 １８ 入り口シールケーシング １９ 入り口シール ２０ 入り口ケーシング ３０ａ 現像剤汲み上げ極 ３０ｂ 現像剤搬送極 ３０ｃ 現像極 ３１ 仮想円 1 Photoconductor Drum 2 Developing Device 3 Transfer Device 4 Exposure Device 5 Cleaning Device 6 Charging Device 10 Toner Cartridge 11 Developing Unit 12 Agitator 13 Developing Rollers 14, 15 Stirring Member 16 Container 17 Layer Thickness Controlling Member 18 Entrance Seal Casing 19 Entrance Seal 20 Entrance casing 30a Developer pumping pole 30b Developer transporting pole 30c Developing pole 31 Virtual circle
Claims (4)
磁力によって表面に現像剤を担持して潜像担持体との対
向部に搬送する現像剤担持体と、 現像剤収容部に収容されている現像剤を現像剤担持体上
に供給する現像剤供給手段と、 該現像剤供給手段により供給された現像剤を担持した現
像剤担持体表面に所定の規制ギャップをもって対向し、
現像剤担持体上の現像剤の層厚を規制する層厚規制部材
と、 該層厚規制部材との対向部から潜像担持体との対向部に
わたり、該現像剤担持体表面の一部又は全部を覆うケー
シング部材とを有する現像装置において、 上記ケーシング部材の現像剤担持体に対向する内面の各
部における該現像剤担持体表面とのケーシングギャップ
が該現像剤担持体上の現像剤の自然な穂立ち高さにほぼ
等しくなるように、該内面形状を設定したことを特徴と
する現像装置。1. A developer carrying member, which is provided with magnetic field generating means for generating a magnetic force, carries a developer on the surface by the magnetic force and conveys the developer to a portion facing the latent image carrying member, and a developer containing portion. A developer supplying means for supplying the developer on the developer carrying body and a surface of the developer carrying body carrying the developer supplied by the developer supplying means, facing each other with a predetermined regulation gap,
A layer thickness regulating member that regulates the layer thickness of the developer on the developer carrying member, and a part of the surface of the developer carrying member or a part of the surface of the developer carrying member from the facing portion of the layer thickness controlling member to the facing portion of the latent image bearing member. In a developing device having a casing member that covers the whole of the casing member, a casing gap between the casing member and the surface of the developer bearing member at each portion of the inner surface of the casing member facing the developer bearing member has a natural gap of the developer on the developer bearing member. A developing device, wherein the inner surface shape is set so as to be substantially equal to the height of the spikes.
ップが、前記現像剤担持体上の磁力の大きさにほぼ比例
した距離に、前記規制ギャップの大きさを加えたギャッ
プになるよう上記内面の形状を設定したことを特徴とす
る現像装置。2. The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the casing gap in each portion of the inner surface of the casing member is added to the distance that is substantially proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic force on the developer carrier. The developing device is characterized in that the shape of the inner surface is set so as to form a gap.
み上げる現像剤汲み上げ極と、 該現像剤汲み上げ極で汲み上げた現像剤を潜像担持体と
の対向部に搬送する現像剤搬送極と、 現像剤搬送極の現像剤搬送方向下流側の潜像担持体との
対向部で潜像担持体に現像剤を供給する現像極とを有す
るものを用い、 上記現像剤汲み上げ極と上記現像剤搬送極との間の０ガ
ウス近傍に前記層厚規制部材を設け、 上記ケーシングギャップが現像剤搬送極と現像極との間
の０ガウス近傍で最小となり、該最小ケーシングギャッ
プが前記規制ギャップの１〜１．５倍となるよう上記ケ
ーシング部材の内面形状を設定したことを特徴とする現
像装置。3. The developing device according to claim 1, wherein, as the magnetic field generating means, a developer scooping pole for assembling the developer on the developer carrying body and a developer scooped up by the developer scooping pole are used as a latent image carrier. And a developing pole for supplying the developer to the latent image carrier at the portion facing the latent image carrier on the downstream side of the developer carrying pole in the developer carrying direction. The layer thickness regulating member is provided near 0 gauss between the developer pumping pole and the developer transporting pole, and the casing gap is minimum near 0 gauss between the developer transporting pole and the developing pole. The developing device is characterized in that the inner surface shape of the casing member is set so that the minimum casing gap is 1 to 1.5 times the regulation gap.
内面部分が極率をもった形状であることを特徴とする現
像装置。4. The developing device according to claim 2, wherein an inner surface portion of the casing forming the minimum casing gap has a shape having an extreme rate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7206563A JPH0934265A (en) | 1995-07-19 | 1995-07-19 | Developing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7206563A JPH0934265A (en) | 1995-07-19 | 1995-07-19 | Developing device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0934265A true JPH0934265A (en) | 1997-02-07 |
Family
ID=16525472
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7206563A Withdrawn JPH0934265A (en) | 1995-07-19 | 1995-07-19 | Developing device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0934265A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6829452B2 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2004-12-07 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Image forming apparatus and developing device |
| JP2012226191A (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2012-11-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device and image forming apparatus using the same |
| JP2014123052A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus |
| JP2016139111A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-08-04 | 株式会社リコー | Developing device, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge |
-
1995
- 1995-07-19 JP JP7206563A patent/JPH0934265A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6829452B2 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2004-12-07 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Image forming apparatus and developing device |
| JP2012226191A (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2012-11-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device and image forming apparatus using the same |
| JP2014123052A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus |
| JP2016139111A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-08-04 | 株式会社リコー | Developing device, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 20021001 |