JPH09267048A - Biaxially shearing type crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biaxially shearing type crusher having a long service life and being easy in the production and maintenance. SOLUTION: This crusher has the so-called segment type cutters by which a charged member 77 to be crushed is cut and discharged by arranging parallel two shafts alternately inserted large diameter of cutter plates 1 fixed plural cutter pieces 11a on the outer periphery in freely attachably and detachably and small diameter of spacers in the axial direction to be allowed the cutter pieces 11a of both shafts to be approach such a degree that they slidably come into contact with mutual side faces and by mutually counterrotating both shafts. In this case, the cutter pieces 11a and the cutter plates 1 are fixed with bolts 14 in the axial direction. Also a seal member 9 is interposed between the cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2, in either cutter of a segment type cutter or an integrated cutter.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a biaxial shearing type crusher for finely crushing various solid materials such as wood, plastics, tires and furniture by shearing force.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a biaxial shearing type crusher includes parallel biaxial shafts 3a, 3 in which a large-diameter cutter plate 1 and a small-diameter spacer 2 are externally fitted alternately in the axial direction.
b. The cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2 are
When the two shafts 3a, 3b rotate, a plurality of outer shafts 3a, 3b are fitted so as to rotate integrally with the both shafts 3a, 3b. Both shafts 3a, 3b are arranged so close that the blade edges of the cutters are in sliding contact with each other on their side surfaces. A blade 4 is fixed to the case 5 on the side of the spacer 2 opposite to the cutter plate so as to be in sliding contact with the spacer 2. Therefore, by rotating the shafts 3a and 3b in opposite directions to each other, the crushed member 7 put into the upper hopper 6 is cut and discharged from the lower part.

Incidentally, the cutter is usually an integrated type (not shown) in which the outer periphery of the cutter plate 1 is the cutting edge, but the cutting edge is worn with use and the crushing ability is lowered. Therefore, for example, in a large-sized two-axis shearing crusher, in order to improve economy and maintainability, as shown in FIG. 13, a segment type in which a plurality of cutter pieces 11 are detachably fixed to the outer periphery of the cutter plate 1 is used. A cutter is used. Details are as follows.

As shown in FIG. 13, the cutter plate 1 has a plurality of radial internal threads 12 on its outer periphery. Further, the cutter piece 11 has a radial hole 13 at a position corresponding to the female screw 12. Then, the cutter piece 11 is fixed to the cutter plate 1 by screwing the bolt 14 from the outer periphery through the hole 13 and screwing the bolt 14 into the female screw 12.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION However, the above-mentioned prior art 2
The axial shear crusher has the following problems. (1) At the time of crushing, a crushing reaction force Fr in the radial direction and a crushing reaction force Fs in the thrust direction are applied to the tip of the cutter, for example, by borrowing FIG. 14 of a segment type cutter. Here, the crushing reaction force Fr is a cutting reaction force because it is a cutting reaction force, although it varies depending on the degree of wear of the cutting edge, and is a force substantially determined for each crushed member 7. On the other hand, the crushing reaction force Fs is a force based on the lateral pressure from the member 7 to be crushed which is generated regardless of the degree of wear of the blade edge, and therefore a force extremely larger than the crushing reaction force Fr frequently occurs.

The two crushing reaction forces Fr and Fs are not particularly problematic as long as they are integrated cutters. However, in the segment type cutter, as shown in FIG. 14, a large crushing reaction force Fs is directly applied to the bolt 14 as a shearing force, and the bolt 1
Since 4 is unprotected, problems such as looseness and breakage of the bolt 14 and falling off of the cutter piece 11 occur. Moreover, since this large crushing reaction force Fs has a characteristic that it increases with the wear of the cutting edge of the cutter piece 11, the above-mentioned problems will increase drastically with use.

(2) Further, since the lower surface of the cutter piece 11 abuts at a plurality of positions on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter plate 1, it is necessary to mill each abutting surface of the cutter plate 1 in a multifaceted manner. It is extremely uneconomical. Further, when the bolt 14 is broken, the female screw 12 has a bottomed hole, so that a large number of steps are required to remove the broken bolt. Specifically, for example, as a method for easily pulling out the broken bolt, for example, melting the broken bolt with a gas burner (female screw 12
Since it is a hole with a bottom, gas can not escape, so gas dissolution is impossible or difficult), the protruding head of the breakage bolt is angled for a wrench, or another bolt is welded to the head of the breakage bolt. It is also difficult or impossible to spin it out. Therefore, the reverse tap method or the like, which requires labor, is not used. In the reverse tap method, it is necessary to make a drill hole in the broken bolt,
In order to open a drill hole, the cutter plate 1 has to be removed from the main body, which is very troublesome.

(3) Whether it is an integrated type cutter or a segment type cutter, for example, the segment type cutter shown in FIG. 13 will be described as an abutment surface S1 between the cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2, and the cutter plate 1 and Crushed powder, water droplets, and the like enter the fitting surface S2 between the spacer 2 and the shafts 3a and 3b from the outside. Then, these invaders abrade both surfaces S1 and S2. Therefore, rattling occurs on both surfaces S1 and S2 with use, resulting in noise. Further, due to this backlash, the approach distance between the blade edge side surfaces of both shafts 3a, 3b is increased, and thus not only the crushing ability is lowered, but also the crushing reaction force Fs is increased.

That is, in view of the above problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a biaxial shearing type crusher which has a long service life and is easy to manufacture and maintain.

[0010]

To achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to, for example, FIGS. 1 and 11, in which a plurality of cutter pieces 11a are detachably attached to the outer periphery. Parallel two axes 3a, 3 in which a fixed large-diameter cutter plate 1 and a small-diameter spacer 2 are externally fitted alternately in the axial direction.
b is arranged so close that the cutter pieces 11a of both shafts 3a and 3b are in sliding contact with each other on their side surfaces, and the shredded member 7 is cut and discharged by rotating both shafts 3a and 3b in opposite directions. In the biaxial shearing type crusher, the cutter piece 11a and the cutter plate 1 are attached to the axial bolt 1
It is characterized by being fixed at 4a.

According to the first method, for example, as shown in FIG.
Crushing reaction force F in the thrust direction applied to the cutter piece 11a
s is received by the connecting side surface of the cutter plate 1, while the radial crushing reaction force Fr applied to the cutter piece 11a is received by the shearing resistance of the bolt 14a. In this case, since the smaller crushing reaction force Fr is also substantially constant, the bolt 14a can be prevented from loosening or breaking. Of course, the falling of the cutter piece 11a is prevented.

Further, since the cutter piece 11a and the cutter plate 1 are fixed by the axial bolt 14a, the fixing of both 11a and 1 is inevitably caused on the side surface. Moreover, since this side surface processing can be performed by lathe processing, it is extremely economical in manufacturing. This effect is the same in the second to fourth configurations described later.

Second, a parallel biaxial shaft 3a in which a large-diameter cutter plate 1 and a small-diameter spacer 2 having a plurality of cutter pieces 11a detachably fixed to the outer periphery thereof are externally fitted in the axial direction alternately,
3b are arranged so close to each other that the cutter pieces 11a of both shafts 3a and 3b are in sliding contact with each other on their side surfaces, and the shredded member 7 is inserted by rotating both shafts 3a and 3b in opposite directions.
In a biaxial shearing type crusher that cuts and discharges, an inner collar 11b is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cutter piece 11a, an outer collar 11c is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter plate 1, and an inner collar 11b and an outer collar 11c are provided. Is fixed by an axial bolt 14a.

According to the second, for example, as shown in FIG.
Crushing reaction force F in the thrust direction applied to the cutter piece 11a
The outer flange 11c receives s, while the radial crushing reaction force Fr applied to the cutter piece 11a is received by the shearing resistance of the bolt 14a. In this case, since the smaller crushing reaction force Fr is also substantially constant, the bolt 14a can be prevented from loosening or breaking. Of course, the falling of the cutter piece 11a is prevented.

Third, a parallel biaxial shaft 3a in which a large-diameter cutter plate 1 having a plurality of cutter pieces 11a detachably fixed to the outer periphery and small-diameter spacers 2 are externally fitted alternately in the axial direction,
3b are arranged so close to each other that the cutter pieces 11a of both shafts 3a and 3b are in sliding contact with each other on their side surfaces, and the shredded member 7 is inserted by rotating both shafts 3a and 3b in opposite directions.
In a two-axis shear crusher that cuts and discharges
Describing with reference to FIG. 7, an inner collar 11b is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cutter piece 11a, an outer collar 11c is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter plate 1, and an outer collar 11c is provided on the base of the inner collar 11b. One or both of the contact surface 15 of the end surface of the outer flange 11c and the contact surface 16 of the end surface of the inner flange 11b are provided at the base of the outer flange 11c, and the inner flange 11b and the outer flange 11c are fixed by an axial bolt 14a. It is characterized by having been set up.

According to the third aspect, the crushing reaction force F in the radial direction is
Most of r is received by one or both of the contact surface 15 and the contact surface 16, so that the load on the bolt 14a is reduced. Therefore, in addition to the first and second effects, the bolt 14a can be further prevented from being loosened or broken. Of course, the cutter piece 11
It is possible to further prevent the dropout of a.

The fourth type is a second or third biaxial shearing type crusher, for example, as shown in FIGS.
1b penetrates either one of 1b and outer collar 11c, and inner collar 11
female threads 13b, 12b provided on the other side of b and the outer collar 11c
It is characterized in that it has an axial bolt 14a which is screwed into the nut or penetrates the inner flange 11b and the outer flange 11c and is screwed into the nut 14b.

According to the fourth method, whichever is adopted, the inner collar 1
1b and the outer collar 11c can be completely fixed. In addition, female screw 1
If the through holes 3b and 12b are used, even if the bolt 14a is broken, the cutter plate 1 need not be detached from the main body, unlike the conventional case, because the broken bolt can be easily removed and replaced by the easy extraction method. .

Fifth, a large-diameter cutter plate 1 (that is, a plurality of cutter pieces 11a is detachably fixed to the outer periphery).
A parallel type 2 in which either one of a segment type cutter) and a large diameter cutter plate 1 (that is, an integral type cutter) whose outer periphery is a cutter and a small diameter spacer 2 are externally fitted alternately in the axial direction.
The shafts 3a and 3b are replaced by the cutter pieces 11a of the shafts 3a and 3b.
Are arranged so that they come into sliding contact with each other on both sides, and both shafts 3
In a biaxial shearing type crusher that cuts and discharges the crushed member 7 that has been input by rotating a and 3b in opposite directions, a seal member 9 is interposed between the cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2. There is.

According to the fifth aspect, the facing surface S1 between the cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2, the cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2
Crushed powder, water droplets, etc. do not enter the fitting surface S2 between the shafts 3a, 3b. Therefore, since the both surfaces S1 and S2 are not worn, no rattling occurs. As a result, noise generation can be prevented.
Further, since the approaching distance between the cutter pieces 11a of the both shafts 3a and 3b (in the case of the integrated cutter, the cutter plate 1) does not increase, the crushing ability does not decrease, and the crushing reaction force Fs increases. There is no need to pay.

That is, all of the first to fifth items are biaxial shearing type crushers which have a long service life and are easy to manufacture and maintain.

[0022]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An optimum case for the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same reference numerals are given to the same members already described in FIGS. 11 to 14, and duplicate description will be omitted.

FIG. 1 is an assembly view of a biaxial shear crusher having a segmented cutter. As shown in the figure, an inner collar 11b is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cutter piece 11a. On the other hand, an outer collar 11c is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter plate 1. The inner flange 11b is provided with a plurality of axial reamer holes 13a, and the outer flange 11c is provided with axial reamer holes 12a at positions corresponding to the respective reamer holes 13a. Then, the reamer bolt 14a is passed through the reamer holes 13a and 12a, and the nut 14b is screwed into the screw portion at the tip. As a result, the cutter piece 11a is provided around the cutter plate 1.

Further, in this example, an annular groove 8 is provided in one or both of the opposing surfaces S1 near the outer periphery of the opposing surface S1 between the cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2, and the ring seal 9 is fitted in the annular groove 8. I am trying to put it in. The annular groove 8 may be provided in either one or both of the cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2, and will be selected depending on the working conditions. Further, if the ring seal 9 is a flat gasket and is adhered to either one of the surfaces with, for example, a liquid gasket,
The annular groove 8 becomes unnecessary.

The operation and effect of the above case will be described. (1) As shown in FIG. 2, the crushing reaction force Fs in the thrust direction applied to the cutter piece 11a is received by the outer collar 11c (strictly, it is received by the axial force of the reamer bolt 14a). Therefore, even if the crushing reaction force Fs fluctuates greatly, the reamer bolt 14a
Can be prevented from loosening or breaking. Of course, the cutter piece 11a
Is prevented from dropping. On the other hand, the radial crushing reaction force Fr applied to the cutter piece 11a is received by the shear resistance of the reamer bolt 14a. In this case, the smaller crushing reaction force Fr
Is also substantially constant, so that the reamer bolt 14a can be prevented from loosening or breaking. Of course, the falling of the cutter piece 11a is prevented.

(2) Since the cutter piece 11a and the cutter plate 1 are fixed by the bolt 14a in the axial direction, the fixing of both 11a and 1 is inevitably caused on the side surface. Moreover, since this side surface processing can be performed by lathe processing, it is extremely economical in manufacturing. Further, since the reamer holes 13a and 12a are through holes, even if the reamer bolt 14a is broken, the broken bolt can be quickly extracted and replaced.

(3) Since the ring seal 9 is interposed between the cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2, the opposing surface S1 between the cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2, the cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2, and the two shafts 3a and 3b. Crushed powder, water droplets, etc. do not enter the fitting surface S2. Therefore, since the both surfaces S1 and S2 are hard to wear, rattling is unlikely to occur. As a result, noise generation can be prevented. Further, since the approaching distance between the cutter pieces 11a of both the shafts 3a and 3b does not increase, the crushing ability does not decrease, and the increase of the crushing reaction force Fs does not spur. Incidentally, the structure in which the seal member 9 is interposed between the cutter plate 1 and the spacer 2 is not limited to the biaxial shearing type crusher of the segment type cutter of this example, but also to the biaxial shearing type crusher of the integrated type cutter. Can be applied in the same way,
Also, the operation and effect are similar to the above.

The other cases and their effects will be listed below. (1) In the above example, when the cutter piece 11a and the cutter plate 1 are fixed by the axial bolts 14a, the reamer bolts 14a are passed through the reamer holes 13a and 12a as shown in FIGS. Although the nut 14b is screwed into the screw portion, as shown in FIG. 3, the reamed hole 13a is provided in the cutter piece 11a (however, the inner collar 11b in FIG. 3) and the cutter plate 1 (however, the outer collar 11c in FIG. 3) is provided. The female screw hole 12b is provided in the reamer bolt 14a.
3a may be passed through, and the threaded portion at the tip may be screwed into the female screw hole 12b. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, the reverse is also possible. That is, the cutter piece 11a (however, the inner collar 11b in FIG. 4) is provided with the female screw hole 13b, the cutter plate 1 (however, FIG. 4 is the outer collar 11c) is provided with the reamer hole 12a, and the reamer bolt 14a is passed through the reamer hole 12a. The threaded portion may be screwed into the female screw hole 13b. Even in this case, the action and effect of the above case are the same. Temporarily bolt 14
If a is broken, it can be easily pulled out and replaced by the already-explained method of easily pulling out the broken bolt. The reamer bolt 14a and the reamer holes 13a and 12a are not limited to the reamer specifications, and a normal bolt or a normal hole may be appropriately used.

(2) In the above case, the end faces of the inner flange 11b and the outer flange 11c are opened as shown in FIGS. 2 to 3, but as shown in FIG. 5, it is the base of the inner flange 11b. It is preferable that a contact surface 15 with which the end surface of the outer collar 11c contacts is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cutter piece 11a, and this contact surface 15 receives a large amount of the crushing reaction force Fr in the radial direction. Even in this case, it is preferable to use the reamer holes 13a and 12a and the reamer bolt 14a as in the above-described cases, but as described above, most of the crushing reaction force Fr in the radial direction is received by the contact surface 15. , The conventional holes and conventional bolts and nuts described above (ie the combination of FIGS. 1 and 2) or only the conventional bolts (ie the combination of FIGS. 3 and 4). Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a contact surface 16 with which the end surface of the inner collar 11b abuts may be provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter plate 1 which is the base of the outer collar 11c. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the contact surface 15 of the end surface of the outer flange 11c may be provided on the base portion of the inner flange 11b, and the contact surface 16 of the end surface of the inner flange 11b may be provided on the base portion of the outer flange 11c. . This way,
It is possible to further prevent the bolt 14a from loosening or breaking due to the crushing reaction force Fr in the radial direction. Of course, the falling of the cutter piece 11a can be further prevented.

(3) The inner and outer flanges 11b and 11c in each of the above cases are provided so as to project from the center as shown in FIGS. 2 to 7, but as shown in FIGS. ,
You may provide so that it may protrude from one side. In this case, it is necessary to provide a spot facing portion 17 in which the heads of the bolt 14a and the nut 14b can be buried from the side surface of the cutter piece 11 or the cutter plate 2, but this spot facing processing is easy and there is no economic loss in manufacturing. be equivalent to. 8 to 10 show three examples in which the spot facing portion 17 is provided, and the bolt 14a and the nut 1 are shown.
8 corresponds to FIG. 2, FIG. 9 corresponds to FIG. 3, and FIG. 10 corresponds to FIG. 4 in relation to the arrangement positions of only 4b and the bolt 14a, and the internal thread.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an assembly drawing of an example segmented biaxial shear crusher.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cutter piece and a cutter plate fixed by bolts in an example.

FIG. 3 is another cross-sectional view of the cutter piece and the cutter plate fixed by bolts.

FIG. 4 is another cross-sectional view of the fixing of the cutter piece and the cutter plate with bolts.

FIG. 5 is another cross-sectional view of the cutter piece and the cutter plate fixed by bolts.

FIG. 6 is another cross-sectional view of the fixing of the cutter piece and the cutter plate with bolts.

FIG. 7 is another cross-sectional view of the fixing of the cutter piece and the cutter plate by bolts.

FIG. 8 is another cross-sectional view of the fixing of the cutter piece and the cutter plate by bolts.

FIG. 9 is another cross-sectional view of the fixing of the cutter piece and the cutter plate with bolts.

FIG. 10 is another fixing cross-sectional view of the cutter piece and the cutter plate with bolts.

FIG. 11 is a side sectional view of a biaxial shearing crusher.

FIG. 12 is a plan view of FIG.

FIG. 13 is an assembly diagram of a conventional segment type biaxial shearing type crusher.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the cutter piece and the cutter plate of FIG. 13 fixed by bolts.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Cutter plate 11a Cutter piece 11b Inner collar 11c Outer collar 12b Female screw 13b Female screw hole 14a Bolt 14b Nut 15 and 16 Contact surface 2 Spacer 3a, 3b Shaft 7 Crushable member 9 Sealing member

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Masayuki Nagahama 3-20-1 Nakase, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Komatsu Ltd. Construction Robot Department

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A pair of parallel two shafts in which a large-diameter cutter plate having a plurality of cutter pieces detachably fixed to the outer periphery and small-diameter spacers are externally fitted alternately in the axial direction, and the cutter pieces of both shafts are mutually attached. In a biaxial shearing type crusher that is disposed so close as to be in sliding contact with the side surface, and rotates both shafts in opposite directions to cut and eject the crushed member that has been thrown in, the cutter piece and the cutter plate are bolts in the axial direction. A biaxial shearing type crusher characterized by being fixed in. 2. A parallel biaxial shaft, in which a large-diameter cutter plate having a plurality of cutter pieces detachably fixed to the outer periphery thereof and a small-diameter spacer are externally fitted alternately in the axial direction, the cutter pieces of both shafts are mutually attached. In a two-axis shearing type crusher that is arranged so that it comes in close contact with the side surface and rotates both shafts in opposite directions to cut and eject the crushed member that has been thrown in, an inner collar is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cutter piece. A two-axis shearing type crusher characterized in that: an outer collar is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter plate, and an inner collar and an outer collar are fixed by axial bolts. 3. A pair of parallel two axes in which a large-diameter cutter plate and a small-diameter spacer having a plurality of cutter pieces detachably fixed to the outer periphery are alternately fitted in the axial direction. In a two-axis shearing type crusher that is arranged so that it comes in close contact with the side surface and rotates both shafts in opposite directions to cut and eject the crushed member that has been thrown in, an inner collar is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cutter piece.・ Providing an outer collar on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter plate, ・ Providing one or both of the contact surface of the end surface of the outer collar on the base of the inner collar and the contact surface of the end of the inner collar on the base of the outer collar. A biaxial shearing type crusher characterized in that the inner and outer flanges are fixed by axial bolts. 4. The biaxial shearing type crusher according to claim 2 or 3, which is screwed into a female screw provided on the other of the inner flange and the outer flange by penetrating one of the inner flange and the outer flange. A biaxial shearing type crusher having an axial bolt that penetrates the collar and the outer collar and is screwed into a nut. 5. One of a large-diameter cutter plate having a plurality of cutter pieces detachably fixed to the outer periphery and a large-diameter cutter plate having an outer periphery as a cutter, and a small-diameter spacer are externally alternated in the axial direction. The two parallel shafts that are fitted are arranged so close that the cutter pieces of both shafts are in sliding contact with each other on their side surfaces, and the two shafts are rotated in opposite directions to cut and eject the crushed members that have been input. A biaxial shearing type crusher, characterized in that a sealing member is interposed between the cutter plate and the spacer.