JPH09266003A - Fuel cell power generating device - Google Patents
Fuel cell power generating deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09266003A JPH09266003A JP8103884A JP10388496A JPH09266003A JP H09266003 A JPH09266003 A JP H09266003A JP 8103884 A JP8103884 A JP 8103884A JP 10388496 A JP10388496 A JP 10388496A JP H09266003 A JPH09266003 A JP H09266003A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- exhaust gas
- temperature
- exhaust valve
- air electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は燃料電池発電装置、
特に高分子固体電解質型燃料電池を用いた発電装置に関
する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generator,
In particular, it relates to a power generation device using a polymer solid oxide fuel cell.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】高分子固体電解質型燃料電池においては
電解質としてイオン導電膜が用いられ、該燃料電池の燃
料極にて得られる水素イオンをプロトンの形態で電解質
膜中を空気極側に伝達することにより起電力が得られる
ものであるが、安定した高出力を得るためには、この電
解質膜を常に最適な水分を均一に含んだ状態に保持して
おくことが重要である。2. Description of the Related Art In a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, an ion conductive film is used as an electrolyte, and hydrogen ions obtained at the fuel electrode of the fuel cell are transferred to the air electrode side in the electrolyte film in the form of protons. Although an electromotive force can be obtained by this, in order to obtain a stable high output, it is important to always keep this electrolyte membrane in an optimally water-containing state.
【0003】このために、従来は、燃料ガス(水素)ま
たは酸化剤ガス(空気または酸素)をバブリング装置等
の加湿器を用いて加湿し、この加湿されたガスを電解質
膜に通すことによって電解質膜を加湿する方法が一般に
採用されている。Therefore, conventionally, fuel gas (hydrogen) or oxidant gas (air or oxygen) is humidified by using a humidifier such as a bubbling device, and the humidified gas is passed through an electrolyte membrane to form an electrolyte. The method of humidifying the membrane is generally adopted.
【0004】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記し
たような従来技術によるときは、加湿器および水貯蔵タ
ンク等の周辺機器を備えるために燃料電池の大型化、重
量化が避けられない。このことは特に車載を意図する場
合には致命的な不利欠点となる。However, in the case of the above-described conventional technique, the fuel cell is inevitably increased in size and weight because it is provided with peripheral equipment such as a humidifier and a water storage tank. This is a fatal disadvantage especially when the vehicle is intended to be mounted.
【0005】さらに、加湿器による加湿量を制御して電
解質膜を最適な湿潤状態に保持する必要があるが、電解
質膜乾燥の原因となる酸化剤ガスの流量およびセル温度
との兼ね合いが難しく、かかる制御は困難であった。Further, it is necessary to control the amount of humidification by the humidifier to keep the electrolyte membrane in an optimum wet state, but it is difficult to balance the flow rate of the oxidant gas and the cell temperature which cause the drying of the electrolyte membrane. Such control was difficult.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】そこで本発明は、高分子
固体電解質膜を湿潤させるための加湿器およびその周辺
機器を不要化し、小型且つ軽量で車載に適した燃料電池
発電装置を提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the present invention provides a fuel cell power generator which is compact and lightweight and is suitable for mounting on a vehicle, by eliminating the need for a humidifier for wetting the polymer solid electrolyte membrane and its peripheral equipment. With the goal.
【0007】すなわち本発明は、高分子固体電解質膜の
両側に空気極と燃料極とが配されてなる燃料電池を用い
た発電装置において、空気極から排出される反応生成水
を含む排出ガスを系外に排出可能な排気バルブと、該排
出ガスの温度を測定する温度測定手段と、燃料電池から
の出力電流値を測定する電流測定手段と、これら測定手
段により測定される排出ガス温度および出力電流値に基
づいて前記排気バルブの開度を調整する制御手段と、を
有してなることを特徴とする。That is, according to the present invention, in a power generator using a fuel cell in which an air electrode and a fuel electrode are arranged on both sides of a polymer solid electrolyte membrane, exhaust gas containing reaction product water discharged from the air electrode is discharged. Exhaust valve that can be discharged to the outside of the system, temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas, current measuring means for measuring the output current value from the fuel cell, and exhaust gas temperature and output measured by these measuring means A control unit that adjusts the opening of the exhaust valve based on a current value.
【0008】制御手段には、A=燃料電池の出力電流値
と燃料電池内部での生成水量との相関データ、B=燃料
電池空気極からの排出ガス温度と飽和水蒸気量との相関
データおよびC=排気バルブ開度と排気バルブを通る排
出ガス量との相関データが記憶されており、A=α・B
×C(αは定数)となるように、排出ガス温度と出力電
流値とをモニタしながら排気バルブの開度を調整する。In the control means, A = correlation data between the output current value of the fuel cell and the amount of water produced inside the fuel cell, B = correlation data between the exhaust gas temperature from the fuel cell air electrode and the saturated water vapor amount, and C. = Correlation data between the exhaust valve opening and the exhaust gas amount passing through the exhaust valve is stored, and A = α · B
The opening of the exhaust valve is adjusted while monitoring the exhaust gas temperature and the output current value so that xC (α is a constant).
【0009】[0009]
【発明の実施の形態】図1は本発明による高分子固体電
解質型燃料電池発電装置の構成を示す概略図であり、燃
料電池10は空気極(カソード)の側から見た側面図と
して示されている。公知のように、この燃料電池におい
ては高分子固体電解質膜を挟んで空気極と反対側に、水
素等の燃料ガスが導入される燃料極(アノード)が配さ
れている。1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell power generator according to the present invention. A fuel cell 10 is shown as a side view as seen from the air electrode (cathode) side. ing. As is well known, in this fuel cell, a fuel electrode (anode) into which a fuel gas such as hydrogen is introduced is arranged on the side opposite to the air electrode with the polymer solid electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween.
【0010】空気極には酸化剤ガスとしての空気が空気
導入部11から空気導入路12およびファン13を介し
て導入される。Air as an oxidant gas is introduced into the air electrode from the air introduction portion 11 through the air introduction passage 12 and the fan 13.
【0011】公知のように、燃料電池の燃料極に水素ガ
ス、空気極に空気が供給されることにより、高分子固体
電解質膜の中を水素イオンがプロトンの形で移動し、電
池反応が行われる。このとき、空気極では、供給された
酸素が移動してきた水素イオンおよび電子と反応して水
を生成する。As is well known, when hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell and air is supplied to the air electrode, hydrogen ions move in the form of protons in the polymer solid electrolyte membrane to cause the cell reaction. Be seen. At this time, in the air electrode, the supplied oxygen reacts with the transferred hydrogen ions and electrons to generate water.
【0012】したがって、空気極から排出される排出ガ
スには、未反応の酸素に加えて空気極における反応生成
水が水蒸気として含まれている。Therefore, in the exhaust gas discharged from the air electrode, in addition to unreacted oxygen, the water produced by the reaction at the air electrode is contained as water vapor.
【0013】この排出ガスを排出する空気排出路14に
は排気バルブ16が設けられ、空気極からの排気ガス
は、そのうちの排気バルブ16の開度に応じた一定量が
系外に排出される。An exhaust valve 16 is provided in the air exhaust passage 14 for exhausting the exhaust gas, and a certain amount of the exhaust gas from the air electrode is exhausted out of the system according to the opening degree of the exhaust valve 16. .
【0014】すなわち、排気バルブ16の開度が絞られ
ることにより、反応生成水(水蒸気)が濃度差により電
解質膜に浸透して燃料極側に移動し、さらに燃料極側に
移動した水分は電気浸透水として空気極側へと移動する
こととなり、これら水分の往復移動によって電解質膜の
加湿が効率的且つ平均的に行われる。That is, when the opening of the exhaust valve 16 is narrowed, the reaction product water (steam) permeates the electrolyte membrane due to the concentration difference and moves to the fuel electrode side, and the water that has moved to the fuel electrode side is converted into electricity. The permeated water moves to the air electrode side, and the reciprocating movement of these moisture efficiently and uniformly humidifies the electrolyte membrane.
【0015】排気バルブ16の開度は、燃料電池10の
出力電流値および空気極からの排出ガス温度との相関に
よって決定され、燃料電池10に最適な水バランス条件
を与えるよう制御手段(CPU)17により制御され
る。The opening degree of the exhaust valve 16 is determined by the correlation between the output current value of the fuel cell 10 and the temperature of the exhaust gas from the air electrode, and a control means (CPU) for giving the fuel cell 10 an optimum water balance condition. Controlled by 17.
【0016】すなわち、CPU17には次の3つの相関
データが記憶されており、A=α・B×Cとなるよう
に、排出ガス温度と電流値とをモニタしながら、排気バ
ルブ16の開度を調整する(図2参照)。That is, the following three correlation data are stored in the CPU 17, and the opening of the exhaust valve 16 is monitored while monitoring the exhaust gas temperature and the current value so that A = α · B × C. Are adjusted (see FIG. 2).
【0017】A=燃料電池の出力電流値と燃料電池内部
での生成水量との相関データ B=燃料電池空気極からの排出ガス温度と飽和水蒸気量
との相関データ C=排気バルブ開度と排気バルブを通る排出ガス量との
相関データ 排出ガス温度と電流値をモニターするために温度センサ
18および電流計19が設けられる。なお、図示実施例
において排出ガス温度は排気バルブ16の手前に設けら
れる温度センサ18によりモニタされるが、場合によっ
てはセル温度を測定してこれを排出ガス温度として代表
させることも可能である。A = correlation data between the output current value of the fuel cell and the amount of water produced inside the fuel cell B = correlation data between the temperature of exhaust gas from the fuel cell air electrode and the amount of saturated water vapor C = exhaust valve opening and exhaust Correlation data with the amount of exhaust gas passing through the valve A temperature sensor 18 and an ammeter 19 are provided to monitor the exhaust gas temperature and current value. In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust gas temperature is monitored by the temperature sensor 18 provided in front of the exhaust valve 16. However, in some cases, the cell temperature may be measured and represented as the exhaust gas temperature.
【0018】このようにして排気バルブ16の開度を制
御することにより、外部からの水供給の必要なしに、セ
ル温度とガス流量との相関によって定められる最適な水
バランス条件(図3において斜線で示される範囲)で燃
料電池10を運転することができる。By controlling the opening of the exhaust valve 16 in this manner, the optimum water balance condition (hatched in FIG. 3) determined by the correlation between the cell temperature and the gas flow rate is required without the need for external water supply. The fuel cell 10 can be operated in the range indicated by.
【0019】なお、本発明では、燃料電池10の空気極
における反応生成水で電解質膜を湿潤する電気浸透水を
供給するため、燃料電池10の作動温度は100℃未満
の低温とすることが好ましい。このために、燃料電池1
0に冷却用ファン15を付設して、温度センサ18によ
りモニタされる温度が所定値を超えた場合に該冷却ファ
ン15を作動させて冷却するよう構成することが好まし
い。In the present invention, since the electroosmotic water that wets the electrolyte membrane with the reaction product water in the air electrode of the fuel cell 10 is supplied, the operating temperature of the fuel cell 10 is preferably lower than 100 ° C. . For this purpose, the fuel cell 1
It is preferable to attach a cooling fan 15 to 0 and operate the cooling fan 15 to cool it when the temperature monitored by the temperature sensor 18 exceeds a predetermined value.
【0020】[0020]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、発電により燃料電池の
空気極において生成する水を利用して電解質膜を加湿さ
せるため、外部からの水供給が不要となり、従来必要と
されていた加湿器やその周辺機器を設ける必要がない。
このため、燃料電池発電装置を大幅に小型軽量化するこ
とができ、特に車載に適したものを提供することができ
る。According to the present invention, the water generated in the air electrode of the fuel cell by power generation is used to humidify the electrolyte membrane, so that external water supply is unnecessary and the humidifier that has been conventionally required. There is no need to install or peripheral equipment.
Therefore, the fuel cell power generator can be significantly reduced in size and weight, and a fuel cell power generator particularly suitable for vehicle mounting can be provided.
【0021】また、燃料電池を低温で作動させることが
可能となるため、起動時間が短縮され、作動温度にまで
昇温させるための外部ヒータも不要となる。Further, since the fuel cell can be operated at a low temperature, the start-up time is shortened and an external heater for raising the temperature to the operating temperature is unnecessary.
【0022】通常運転時には、排気ガス温度と電流値と
をモニタしながら排気バルブの開度を調整して最適な水
バランス条件を保持するものであるが、負荷変動に応じ
て変化する電流値をモニタするため、負荷変動に対して
迅速に応答することができる。During normal operation, the degree of opening of the exhaust valve is adjusted to maintain the optimum water balance condition while monitoring the exhaust gas temperature and the current value, but the current value that changes according to load fluctuations is maintained. Since it is monitored, it is possible to quickly respond to a load change.
【図1】本発明による高分子固体電解質型燃料電池発電
装置の概略構成を示す模式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell power generator according to the present invention.
【図2】排気バルブ開度を制御する制御手段(CPU)
における相関式を示す説明図である。FIG. 2 is a control means (CPU) for controlling an exhaust valve opening degree.
It is explanatory drawing which shows the correlation expression in.
【図3】燃料電池の稼動における最適な水バランス範囲
をガス流量とセル温度との相関で示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an optimum water balance range in the operation of a fuel cell by a correlation between a gas flow rate and a cell temperature.
10 燃料電池 11 空気導入部 12 空気導入路 13 ファン 14 空気排出路 15 冷却ファン 16 排気バルブ 17 制御手段(CPU) 18 温度センサ 19 電流計 10 Fuel Cell 11 Air Inlet 12 Air Inlet 13 Fan 14 Air Outlet 15 Cooling Fan 16 Exhaust Valve 17 Control Means (CPU) 18 Temperature Sensor 19 Ammeter
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 白石 剛一 東京都千代田区外神田2丁目19番12号 株 式会社エクォス・リサーチ内 (72)発明者 冨岡 憲浩 愛知県安城市藤井町高根10番地 アイシ ン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社内 (72)発明者 泉澤 さ紀 東京都千代田区外神田2丁目19番12号 株 式会社エクォス・リサーチ内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Goichi Shiraishi 2-19-12 Sotokanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Equas Research Co., Ltd. N AW Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Saki Izumisawa 2-19-12 Sotokanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Equus Research Co., Ltd.
Claims (2)
料極とが配されてなる燃料電池を用いた発電装置におい
て、空気極から排出される反応生成水を含む排出ガスを
系外に排出可能な排気バルブと、該排出ガスの温度を測
定する温度測定手段と、燃料電池からの出力電流値を測
定する電流測定手段と、これら測定手段により測定され
る排出ガス温度および出力電流値に基づいて前記排気バ
ルブの開度を調整する制御手段と、を有してなることを
特徴とする燃料電池発電装置。1. In a power generator using a fuel cell in which an air electrode and a fuel electrode are arranged on both sides of a polymer solid electrolyte membrane, exhaust gas containing reaction product water discharged from the air electrode is discharged to the outside of the system. A dischargeable exhaust valve, a temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas, a current measuring means for measuring an output current value from the fuel cell, and an exhaust gas temperature and an output current value measured by these measuring means. And a control unit that adjusts the opening of the exhaust valve based on the fuel cell power generation device.
電流値と燃料電池内部での生成水量との相関データ、B
=燃料電池空気極からの排出ガス温度と飽和水蒸気量と
の相関データおよびC=排気バルブ開度と排気バルブを
通る排出ガス量との相関データが記憶されており、A=
α・B×C(αは定数)となるように、排出ガス温度と
出力電流値とをモニタしながら前記排気バルブの開度を
調整することを特徴とする請求項1の燃料電池発電装
置。2. The control means, A = correlation data between the output current value of the fuel cell and the amount of water produced in the fuel cell, B
= Correlation data between exhaust gas temperature from fuel cell air electrode and saturated water vapor amount and C = Correlation data between exhaust valve opening and exhaust gas amount passing through exhaust valve are stored, and A =
The fuel cell power generator according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the exhaust valve is adjusted while monitoring the exhaust gas temperature and the output current value so that α · B × C (α is a constant).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10388496A JP4109724B2 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | Fuel cell power generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10388496A JP4109724B2 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | Fuel cell power generator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH09266003A true JPH09266003A (en) | 1997-10-07 |
JP4109724B2 JP4109724B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
Family
ID=14365869
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP10388496A Expired - Fee Related JP4109724B2 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | Fuel cell power generator |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4109724B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001266925A (en) * | 2000-03-16 | 2001-09-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell stack |
JP2005116185A (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-04-28 | Nec Corp | Operation method of fuel cell, and fuel cell |
JP2006032262A (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-02-02 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Fuel cell system and control method |
JPWO2012091121A1 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2014-06-05 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
-
1996
- 1996-03-29 JP JP10388496A patent/JP4109724B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001266925A (en) * | 2000-03-16 | 2001-09-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell stack |
JP4623795B2 (en) * | 2000-03-16 | 2011-02-02 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel cell stack |
JP2005116185A (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-04-28 | Nec Corp | Operation method of fuel cell, and fuel cell |
JP2006032262A (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-02-02 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Fuel cell system and control method |
JPWO2012091121A1 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2014-06-05 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4109724B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
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