JPH0925638A - Interlocking type block - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reinforce the interlocking of an interlocking block, to improve the joint behavoir characteristic yield strength (shearing strength and toughness) of the block and to enable multipurpose usage. SOLUTION: Recessed surfaces 1 are formed. to the side faces 4 of blocks, and a streamline-shaped space surrounded by the recessed surfaces 1 is composed of the block and another block. The space is filled with a granular material 2. A charging hole 9 is formed to a bottom plate 7, and the charging hole 9 is packed with a granular material. The recessed surfaces 1 are constituted of curves or straight lines and curves so as to be able to relax stress concentration, and proper circular arcs are formed to sections, in which the curves and the straight lines are connected, and the sections are joined smoothly. Accordingly, the space composed of the recessed surfaces and the charging hole is filled with the granular material, interlocking is reinforced, and the outflow of the granular material is minimized.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

The present invention relates to civil engineering, pavement blocks for construction, gutters used for drainage of roads, breakwaters for port facilities,
The present invention relates to a precast block used for root consolidation and further environmental protection such as a fish nest block.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional concrete blocks used for civil engineering and construction include U-shaped waterways, precast RC pavement plates,
There are wave-dissipating blocks and root-blocking blocks. The individual features will be described below with reference to explanatory diagrams, and conventional construction methods will be described. (A) In the U-shaped canal (see FIGS. 48 and 49), a road gutter for road drainage, a flume used for the drainage canal,
L-shaped waterways are manufactured. Products are manufactured in various standard sizes according to the flow rate of the water channel. Therefore, there is a tendency for high-mix low-volume production, making it difficult to reduce manufacturing costs. Therefore, an L-shaped canal block that can cope with changes in the canal flow rate has been developed, but in order to make the canal width variable, it is necessary to construct cast-in-place concrete for the bottom slab. Therefore, it hinders labor saving and rapid construction, which are good features of precast products. It should be noted that the L-type waterway block construction method is considered to be a good construction method because there is no generation of a cavity in the central bottom surface of the bottom slab that occurs in the case of precast product construction. Road gutters are constructed by laying crushed stone and mortar and laying gutters on top of them, but due to lack of civil engineering workers and lack of skill, a cavity is often created in the center of the gutter bottom slab due to poor construction. . If a cavity is created, when a wheel load such as an automobile acts on the concrete lid above the gutter,
The gutter breaks. Therefore, although construction management is performed carefully so that no voids occur, construction efficiency tends to decrease due to lack of skilled personnel. Flume construction is usually done directly on the ground without laying crushed stone. Therefore, even if the construction is done carefully, there will always be a cavity in the center of the bottom of the flume. When the cavities are large and continuous, there is also a phenomenon that water invades from the side surface of the waterway during heavy rainfall, flows through the cavities, and destroys the waterway. In addition, the flumes are often connected by bolts, so bolting is a manual operation. This work reduces the construction efficiency. (B) Illustrations of the precast RC pavement plate are omitted. The pavement slab is characterized by a reinforced concrete slab that uses high-strength concrete, and the joint of the slab is a drop joint. The construction method is to install a paving slab, adjust the height of each block, and adjust the longitudinal and transverse slopes.
The height adjustment bolts are set at 6 points on the plate. The gap between the pavement slab and the roadbed is injected with super early strength cement-based grout material, and the traffic is open for curing for 1 to 2 hours. Therefore, this construction requires injection equipment and careful construction management. The pavement is considered to be a product developed mainly for construction in a narrow environment such as in a tunnel. (C) Port facilities are classified into breakwaters, sandbanks, and headwater dikes, and the sloped dikes (cut stone type, cut block type), which is one type of breakwater structure, are described (see Fig. 50). Block shapes include a square block, a hollow triangular block, and an X block as shown in the figure. The hollow triangular block has a triangular shape to form a mesh (interlocking) with a block to be connected, and has a hollow triangular hole having a wave-dissipating property. The other blocks also prevent the movement and scattering of the blocks due to the engagement of the protrusions with respect to the wave force. The point to be noted in the construction of rubble stone and rubble block sloped dike is to ensure measures against scour and interlock between rubble stone and rubble block. When the seabed is sand and the waves and currents are strong, the gravel stones and rubble blocks may sink or fall due to the severe scouring action at the tail end and ridge head of the rubble and levee blocks. Eventually the entire sloping bank may collapse. Various construction methods have been empirically proposed as measures to prevent this, and as one of the scour countermeasure methods, there is the Hojiri scour prevention mat construction method. The mat construction method is a method in which a scour prevention plate made of vinyl mat, canvas, or the like is laid on the sloping bank butt, and one end is projected to cover the seabed near the butt. The covering stone usually protects the bank itself by directly resisting wave force. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully install at least two layers of rubble stones of a predetermined size or more. In addition, the weight of the covering stone on the bank head should be more than 1.5 times the weight of the bank waste, and must be carefully constructed so that the mesh between the rocks and blocks can be surely engaged. For example, it is ideal that the covering stones are firmly meshed with each other, like a stone wall on land, but the covering stones are large inside and outside of 1 ton and cannot be easily constructed because they are lifted by a crane. . Therefore, due to the shortage of skilled workers and the low construction efficiency, the stone covering tends to increase the construction cost. The rubble sloping dike is very effective as a landscape and environmental protection method. Covering with irregular shaped blocks is easier to install than rubble covering. However, I think that there are still insufficient points in the engagement between blocks. Moreover, I don't think it is enough for the landscape. (D) Examples of root consolidation methods include megalithic root consolidation, woodwork sunk floors, futon baskets, one-sided frames, and irregular block construction methods. In recent years, there is an increasing demand for conservation of natural ecosystems of rivers and various uses of river space, and development of environmental conservation blocks is desired. In its development example, a fish nest block (see Fig. 51) and a root-consolidating fish nest block (see Fig. 52) used to create a natural river.
Is described. The fish nest block (FIG. 51) is a block having a cavity formed by a front wall and a rear wall as shown in the figure. The connection between the blocks corresponds to the external force such as earth pressure by meshing the protrusion on the front wall with the rear wall, but when the height and width of the protrusion are small and there is an action of vibration load due to an earthquake, There is a possibility that the block revetment will collapse due to misalignment. Further, the projections of the precast base block also do not have vertical engagement, and it is considered that the same as above occurs. The root-consolidated fish nest block (see FIG. 52) is a block in which a cavity is provided in the block and an access hole for fish and the like is provided. The blocks are connected to each other by connecting the connecting bars with connecting fittings. Therefore, it is necessary to use a material resistant to corrosion for the connecting bar and the connecting fitting. Further, as shown in the figure, the granular material between the blocks is sucked and scourd by the water flow. The main reason for this is that the block and the granular material have different roughness. When granular material is sucked out and scourged, the blocks sink and the landslides are destroyed over the years (note: this is the main cause of landslide destruction until now). The block is installed by a crane, but mechanical work can be done except for the work of connecting the blocks, which is easy and quick.

[0003]

The problems to be solved will be described in the clauses by taking an explanatory diagram as an example. (B) For U-type waterways, prevent the formation of pits on the bottom surface of the bottom slab and facilitate the construction of waterways. In addition, the width of the water channel is variable, enabling mass production of small varieties. In addition, it should be multifunctional and versatile. (B) In the precast RC pavement plate, the plates can be easily joined and the joint performance is made variable. Furthermore, the gap between the pavement plate and the roadbed can be easily filled, and construction management can be simplified. In addition, the pavement slab should be made easy to manufacture and easy to lay, enabling labor saving and rapid construction. (C) For odd-shaped blocks used for breakwaters, etc., strengthen interlocking between blocks (interlocking) to make it easier to take measures to prevent scour digging. In addition, the block's differential settlement follow-up performance is improved, and the structure is durable against wave forces. In addition, it also has a wave-dissipating function, can be used for multiple purposes, and consider landscape and environmental conservation. (D) For consolidation irregularly shaped blocks, the mutual connection of the blocks is simplified and the differential settlement follow-up performance of the blocks is improved. Further, the inter-block granular material is prevented from being sucked out due to the scouring action of the water stream, and the durability of the root consolidation structure is improved. In addition, it should be an environmental conservation and development block that can create an environmental space that maintains the survival of living things. An object of the present invention is to provide a precast block having a wide range of applications and having an interlocking function capable of solving the above-mentioned problems.

[0004]

The interlocking block according to the present invention has solved the above problems.
It looks like this: The configuration will be described with reference to the drawings. (A) In the U-shaped water channel shown in (FIGS. 1 to 11),
This is an interlocking variable L-shaped block in which a concave surface 1 for taking into consideration a stress concentration relaxing shape is provided on a side surface 4 (a mating surface) of the variable L-shaped block 6, and a bottom plate 7 is provided with a charging hole 9. The side surface 4 of the block is provided with a curved surface or a concave surface 1 in which a straight line and a curved line are combined to form a streamline-shaped space between the other blocks. The space is filled with the granular material 2 and the filling granular material 2a, and the water blocking material 3 is filled on the upper portion of the granular material. The granular material 2 is an interlocking material that transmits a load from a block to a block connected thereto. The load transfer capacity between the blocks is related to the joint width 10 of the blocks, the granularity and density of the granular material, the maximum diameter of the granular material, and the like. Next, the granular material 2 is sand,
Gravel, crushed stone, etc. are used, but it is better to use the one with adjusted particle size. Further, the water blocking material 3 is packed in order to prevent water leakage in the water channel, but it is unnecessary when construction is carried out by using the grain-filled granular material that has been subjected to a stable treatment using a cement-based solidifying material. As the material of the water blocking material 3, mortar, stabilized clay, or the like can be used. The input hole 9 provided in the bottom plate 7 of the variable L-shaped block 6 prevents a cavity on the bottom surface of the bottom plate that occurs during construction.
In addition, the sliding resistance between the crushed foundation stone and the bottom plate 7 is increased (interlocked) (Note: the structure of this variable L-shaped block can be applied to L-shaped retaining walls, etc.). In addition,
The value of the distributed load strength transmitted from the bottom plate 7 to the crushed stone is almost the same as when the bottom plate has no charging hole 9. The reason is that the crushed stones 11 packed in the charging hole 9 are interlocked between the base ground (also basic crushed stone) and the bottom plate 7 due to the shape of the charging hole (substantially conical shape), and cannot escape from the charging hole 9. Because. In order to make the channel width variable, the joint width 10 of the channel is expanded and the flat plate block 16 is installed between them (see FIGS. 8 to 11). Next, the concave surface 1 formed between the flat plate block 16 and the variable L-shaped block 6
The granular material 2 is packed in the streamlined space surrounded by, and the waterproof material 3 is installed on the upper part thereof. Further, crushed stones are charged through the charging hole 9a of the flat plate block and compacted, and the water blocking material 3 is applied on the top thereof. The waterway width can be set almost arbitrarily if the plane dimensions of the flat plate block are determined. The application of this flat plate block can be used for pavement blocks, slope blocks, revetment blocks, etc. Therefore, the description of the shape will be given in the section of the paving slab block. This block should be made of fiber reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete. (B) In the example of the pavement block shown in (FIGS. 12 to 19), the side surface 4 (the mating surface) of the pavement plate block 16 is provided with the concave surface 1 in consideration of the stress concentration relaxing shape, and further, in the central portion of the pavement plate. It is an interlocking pavement block provided with a charging hole 9a. A curved surface or a concave surface 1 which is a combination of straight and curved lines is provided on a side surface 4 of the block to form a streamline-shaped space-filling space between the block and another block, and the granular material 2 is provided in the space.
Stuff. The granular material is preferably sand whose particle size is adjusted. In addition, poorly mixed mortar and sandy soil that has been stabilized with a cement-based solidifying material can also be used. Next, an interlocking block is installed in the charging hole of the block and the joint material formed between the locking hole and the charging hole is filled with the granular material. Input hole 9 in the center of the pavement plate
The function of a is the same as that of the variable L-type block described above. An important part of the shape of the charging hole 9a is the oblique side inclination angle (r) 22 shown in the figure. The reason is that if the oblique side inclination angle (r) is small, the corners of the lower surface of the charging hole are insufficiently filled, and a cavity is formed. Next, if (r) is large, an external force such as a wheel load acting on the paving slab cannot be evenly transmitted and dispersed to the roadbed crushed stone 12.
Therefore, the value of the inclination angle (r) of the hypotenuse is determined by what structure the block shape is used for. Therefore, the value of the oblique side inclination angle is determined within the range of r = 35 ° to 70 °. The planar shape of the block may be a quadrangle, a rectangle, a polygon, or the like, but the shape is arbitrary as long as a streamline-shaped interspace can be provided between the blocks. An example of the block plane shape appears in the embodiment of the staircase type block. (D) In the example of the staircase type block (deformed block) shown in FIGS. 20 to 28, the side surface 4 of the staircase type block 15 is used.
It is an interlocking staircase type block in which a plurality of concave surfaces 1 in consideration of stress concentration relaxing shapes are provided on (a mating surface), and a charging hole 9 is further provided at the center of the block. The concave surface 1 considering the stress concentration relaxing shape is provided on the side surface 4 (the mating surface) of the interlocking block foundation 14, and the precast block foundation in which the bottom plate 7 is provided with the charging hole 9a is installed on the split stone 13 and then Then, the granular material is charged into a streamline-shaped space formed between the block foundations, compacted, and the granular material is also packed into the charging hole 9a provided in the bottom slab. continue,
A staircase type block is laid and the packing material 2 is installed.
The stepped block is provided with a curved surface or a concave surface 1 which is a combination of straight and curved lines on a side surface 4 of the block to form a streamline-shaped space-filling space between the block and another block, and the space-filling granular material is provided in the space. Pack 2 Further, the charging granular material 2a is packed in the charging hole 9. The function of the charging hole is the same as above. Therefore, as the input granular material 2a, it is preferable to use a material that can effectively exhibit interlocking, such as rubble stone and crepe stone. (E) In the example of the root-consolidating fish nest block shown in FIGS. 29 to 37, the side surface 4 of the root-consolidating fish nest block 8 (a mating surface).
In addition, the interlocking root-consolidating fish nest block is provided with the concave surface 1 in consideration of the stress concentration relaxing shape, and further has the charging hole 9 in the central portion. A curved surface or a concave surface 1 which is a combination of straight and curved lines is provided on a side surface 4 of the block, and a streamline-shaped packing space formed between the blocks is packed with packing material 2 and a charging hole 9 is further provided. Put into the granular material 2a
Throw in and compact. The input granular material is a material that prevents sliding of the block and constitutes a living space for living things.
Therefore, it is preferable to use split stones, cobblestones, or the like as the granular material. Next, a lid 7 with a hole is placed on the pedestal 6 of the rooting fish nest block, and the filling space 2 surrounded by the concave surface 1 of the rooting fish nest block is filled with the filling granular material 2 and the lid is closed. To fix.
The lid with holes is not a necessary member as shown in FIG.

(F) In the case where a concave shape is provided on the side surface of the block, if the shape is not appropriate and a wheel load is applied to the block (see FIG. 38), stress concentrates at the root of the protrusion and cracks occur. (See FIG. 39). Therefore, the concave surface needs to be formed in a shape that relieves stress concentration. Before describing the shape, the cause of stress concentration will be described with reference to an explanatory diagram. According to applied mechanics, the concept common to many stress concentration phenomena is that, conceptually, "stress concentration means that the uniformity of the shape is lost, such as the curvature of the shape of the structure or discontinuity. It is thought to occur as a cause. "
Since it is difficult to explain the stress concentration phenomenon in detail, it will be described conceptually. For example, considering the case where one notch is formed in the middle of a plate of uniform width (Fig. 40), a part of the principal stress line may change its original position (broken line) depending on the surrounding conditions. It becomes impossible to keep it, and it is forced to circulate around the notch space, and as a result, the main stress lines are concentrated in one area, that is, stress concentration occurs. This phenomenon tends to be qualitatively similar to the hydrodynamic streamline, and the two maintain the similarity especially when the stress line changes slowly. Further, as one method for explaining the reason why the stress concentration phenomenon occurs, there is the following method which should be called the shear stress theory. As shown in (FIG. 40), widths 2b to 2
Consider the tension of a plate with a fillet that is continuous in B with a radius of curvature ρ. Imagine a strip with a narrow width of 2b for this fillet, and it is clear that the shear stress (τxy) acts on the straight edges on the imaginary line, and the balance of forces is maintained for the first time. Is. Therefore, the shape of the shear stress distribution determines the magnitude of stress concentration. Now, it is considered that the concave surface of the stress concentration relaxing shape is to smoothly harmonize the cross-sectional shape change rate of the structure along the shear stress distribution shape, in conclusion. That is one method. The double curvature profile stress concentration relaxation method will be described with reference to FIG. 41 as an example.

In the case of a fillet (Y-type joint), the shape factor is a radius of curvature ρ /
b, the inclination angle θ of the fillet, and the heights h / b and (H / b) of the fillet are the four main factors. According to the photoelasticity experiment, when the inclination angle θ increases, the stress concentration at the point A (arc portion) shown in the figure tends to be remarkably reduced. Also,
As shown in the conceptual diagram of stress concentration in FIG. 40, the maximum stress concentration point (A) occurs near the continuous point B between the straight line portion and the circular arc, but the radius of curvature ρ of this portion is made particularly large. It is known that when the radius of curvature is gradually reduced toward the right, there is a shape in which stress concentration can be almost ignored. This is a problem in which the shape, in particular, the radius of curvature, in which the direct stress becomes constant along the periphery where the stress value is large is pursued. Therefore, the stress concentration relaxing shape in which the radius of curvature ρ changes sequentially is ideal, but the double curvature profile shown in (FIG. 41) is realistic in consideration of fabrication and the like. For interlocking blocks, the double curvature profile is determined as follows. The inclination angle θ is θ = 40 ° to 6 °
An arc having a radius of curvature ρ ₂ is provided from the tangent line, and an arc having a radius of curvature ρ ₁ is connected to the X axis following the arc. Although a straight line portion is not provided in the figure, a straight line may be used for a portion that is not so related to stress concentration relaxation.

There is also a stress concentration relaxation method shown below (see FIG. 42). Fillet (Dow / Till type joint)
In the case of, as the shape factors, the radius of curvature ρ / b of the bottom of the fillet, the inclination angle θ of the fillet, and the height h of the fillet.
/ B and the ratio of the height H from the stress concentration point A to the apex of the head and the width b (H / b) are the four main factors. According to the photoelasticity experiment, when the tilt angle θ increases (the tangent angle β decreases), the stress concentration at the point A shown in the figure tends to be remarkably reduced. The stress concentration relaxing shapes of the interlocking block and the precast member provided with the concave surface are determined as follows (see FIG. 42). The inclination angle θ is θ =
Determined in the range of 50 ° to 75 ° (β = 15 ° to 40 °),
Insert a curve at the intersection (Ip) of the tangents and connect the tangents (straight lines) smoothly. The curve may be a double curvature profile, but an arc is realistic when manufacturing is taken into consideration. Further, when the radius of curvature is too small, the stress concentration rate α = σ _m / σ _o increases, so the ratio of the lengths of the straight line portion and the curved line portion is preferably about (1: 1). The reason why this shape lowers the stress concentration rate α is that the inclination angle θ becomes large and the stress concentration is reduced, and the height H from the stress concentration point A to the apex of the head increases, and (H / b) becomes The stress concentration rate α decreases due to the synergistic effect. In the above description, the two-dimensional stress concentration is described. However, in the case of the three-dimensional stress concentration, since the diffusion rate of the stress concentration is high, the stress concentration rate is higher than the two-dimensional stress concentration rate α. α decreases.

[0008]

Next, the operation of the present invention will be described with reference to an explanatory diagram as an example. The interlocking block of the present invention is to pack the granular material in the streamline-shaped space to enhance the interlocking.Before its description, the simple shear test of the high quality test method and the one-sided shear test are described. Next, the mechanism of the present invention will be described. (B) The interlocking effect between blocks of a block having no tooth pattern, such as a rectangular block, is similar to that of the simple shear test of the soil test method (see FIG. 43).
When wheel load acts on blocks, joint sand tends to shear between blocks. Well-tightened sand has a normal stress σ _{a due to} the dilatancy of the granular material when sheared.
Occurs. The shear stress τ of the granular material is (τ = σ _a ·
tan φ, φ = internal friction angle of granular material). Therefore, shear stress (τat) is generated between the blocks and the wheel load is transmitted to the connected blocks. However, in the case of simple shear by a block, the maximum shear resistance (τma
x) depends on the state of the contact portion between the block surface and the joint sand. The reason (see FIG. 46) is that if the internal friction angle φ of the granular material is compared with the circumferential surface friction force fu with the block, the circumferential surface friction force fu is always smaller than the internal friction angle φ (fu <
φ). Therefore, the maximum shear strength of (τ = σ _a · tan φ) cannot be expressed. Furthermore, the maximum shear resistance (τma
If the block makes relative displacement exceeding x), the joint sand will slip on the block contact surface, and the joint sand will flow out or the sand density will change (see FIG. 47). Therefore, the load distribution effect is small, and the amount of horizontal creep and vertical displacement (ruting) increases in high traffic volume. Therefore, the conventional interlocking block strengthens the interlock by providing a tooth-shaped protrusion or a joint groove. Also, the maximum shear resistance between blocks (τ
(max) is small and the joint shape of the block is straight, the joint sand easily flows out. If the joint sand flows out, the interlock effect further deteriorates. Therefore, it is considered that the conventional interlocking blocks have a small yield strength (stickiness) of the articulated deformation behavior characteristics of the blocks.

(B) The shear strength (τ = σ · tan φ) measured by the one-sided shear test of the soil test method will be described (see FIG. 45). The measured internal friction angle (φ) is
As shown in the figure, it consists of "physical friction angle ± dilatancy + particle crushing and rearrangement". In the one-sided shear test, since the specimen is surrounded by the rigid pressure plate and the side wall, it is more restrained against the deformation of the specimen than the triaxial compression test, and therefore the influence of the grain size is remarkable. Also, (d / D
When the value of (max) becomes small, the shear strength (τ) becomes abnormally large. Next, as the value of (h) is lower, the particles are more difficult to move freely, and the shear strength tends to increase. Furthermore, when the granular material is densely packed, (h)
Is larger (d / h is smaller), the shear strength (τ) is conversely larger. That is, due to dilatancy, when the granular material tries to expand, friction occurs between the shear box and the granular material sample, and (σ) on the shear plane at the time of breaking becomes very large. Next, the slip surface in the single shear test is not horizontal (see FIG. 44). The direction is roughly the direction of the maximum inclination (ψ) of the principal stress (σ ₁ ). Further, the maximum inclination angle of rotation (ψ) of the principal stress in the one-sided shear test is larger than the maximum inclination angle of simple shear, and the stress ratio (τ / σ _N ) is also large. Therefore, depending on the test method, the one-way shear test has a larger shear strength (τ) and stress ratio (τ / σ _N ) than the simple shear, and the proof stress (stickiness).
Large test results can be obtained. Utilizing the result is the interlocking strengthening method of the present invention.

(C) In the interlocking type block of the present invention, the block is laid on floor sand, crushed foundation stone, etc.,
The granular material is packed in a streamlined space and the granular material is compacted. When a load acts on the upper surface of the block, a vertical stress (σ _N ) is generated by the action of dilatancy, and a shear stress (τ ), The principal stress (σ ₁ ) is generated (see FIG. 44). The principal stress line of the space surrounded by the concave surface is that when the concentrated load acts on the block as shown in (FIG. 38), the contact angle between the principal stress line and the concave surface of the block changes depending on the concave surface shape position. The granular material rearranges to rotate in a space surrounded by the concave surface. Therefore, due to the wedge effect of the concave joint, the outflow of the granular material is reduced as compared with the straight joint (see FIG. 47). Also, the space formed by the concave surface is similar to the one-sided shear test, and if (d / Dmax) and (d / h) are set appropriately, the maximum shear stress (τ) increases, and the articulated deformation behavior of the block Increase the stickiness and the relative displacement with the block. This enhances the load distribution effect of the blocks and precast members, and enhances the differential settlement followability. further,
Flexibility is expanded, and it is possible to construct a resilient structure with blocks and precast members. As described above, the feature is the structure in which the space formed by the concave surface is filled with the granular material to enhance the interlocking and minimize the outflow of the granular material.

[0011]

EXAMPLES Example 1 will be described based on Example 1 (FIGS. 1 to 7). FIG.
[FIG. 2] is a vertical cross-sectional view of the interlocking variable L-shaped block of the present invention (a line BB in FIG. 2). FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 1). FIG. 3 is a side view taken along the line CC of FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. FIG.
[Fig. 3] is a side view taken along the line d to d in Fig. 2. 6 and 7 show
It is a perspective view. (A) Assembled shape of the water channel is concave 1 on the side 4 of the block.
Is provided, and a streamline-shaped space-filled space surrounded by the concave surface 1 is formed between the blocks. The space is filled with the granular material 2 and the space-filled granular material 2a. Further, the water blocking material 3 is applied on the upper part of the granular material 2. The charging hole 9 provided in the bottom plate 7 defines the oblique side inclination angle (r) 22 shown in FIG. 1 within the range of r = 35 ° to 70 °. The number of input holes 9 is the area of the bottom plate 7 and the size of the input holes,
It is determined according to the relationship between the load strength of the bottom plate lower surface 5 and the like. Into the charging hole 9, crushed stone, cut gravel, stabilized sandy soil, etc. are charged and compacted. (B) In the construction of this waterway, the variable L-shaped block 6 is laid on the crushed stone 11, but the base plate 7 of the crushed stone 11 is rectified (unleveled) because the bottom plate 7 has the charging hole 9. Can easily. The reason is that the ground leveling is a manual work, and in the case of a large area, it is difficult to level the planned standard height of the waterway due to lack of workers and lack of skill. After laying the blocks, in the narrow space created by the retaining wall 8,
The variable L-shaped block 6 and other blocks are fixed by filling the space-filled granular material 2a. It should be noted that mortar may be used as the filling granular material 2a. Next, the crushed stone 11 is charged into the charging hole 9 and is compacted. Particularly, the portion of the oblique side inclination angle 22 is carefully hardened in order to effectively act the interlock. Further, the granular material 2 is put into the space filled on the side surface 4 of the bottom plate 7, and the water blocking material 3 is applied by compacting with a stick or the like. For example, the water blocking material 3 may be unnecessary. This is because the wedge-shaped joint allows the granular material to resist the suction action of the water flow. If the water blocking material 3 is omitted, the lift pressure acting on the lower surface 5 of the water channel can be reduced when the groundwater level of the ground where the water channel is laid is high. Further, if the granular material 2a for filling the retaining wall 8 is constructed with a material having good water permeability, it becomes a drainage channel. The joint width 10 is one factor that determines the ease of compacting and charging of the granular material 2, and also determines the yield strength of the interlock between blocks. Therefore, it is preferable to determine it according to the grain size and size of the granular material, the width of the stick, etc.

The second embodiment will be described based on the second embodiment (FIGS. 8 to 11). FIG.
Installs a flat plate block in the center of the variable L-shaped block,
It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a water channel with an expanded water channel width. (A) The assembly shape of the water channel is the side surface 4 of the flat plate block 16.
The concave surface 1 is provided on the (matching surface), and the concave surface 1 of the variable L-shaped block
The granular material 2 and the water blocking material 3 are installed in the space enclosed by and. Input hole 9a provided in the central portion of the flat plate block 16
Defines the oblique side inclination angle 22 shown in FIG. 8 within the range of r = 35 ° to 70 °. Crushed stone or the like is charged into the charging hole 9 and compacted. (B) In the construction of this water channel, basic crushed stones are laid and rolled, and the flat plate block 16 is installed thereon. As described in the variable L-shaped block, the crushed stone can be easily installed, and since the shape of the input hole 9a is suitable for hanging the block, the flat plate block can be easily installed. After the flat block is laid, crushed stone or the like is charged into the charging hole 9a and solidified. If the width of the waterway is large, the paving of the waterway bottom using a flat plate block also serves as a temporary road,
When there is an obstacle such as a building near the waterway, it is an advantageous construction method, and labor saving and rapid construction can be performed. Next, a variable L-shaped block is laid, crushed stones and the like are filled in the charging hole 9, and a granular material 2 and a water blocking material are provided in a space filled with the concave surface 1 of the variable L-shaped block 6 and the concave surface 1 of the flat plate block. Install 3.
In that case, if construction of the waterproofing material 3 is stopped and the joints are filled with crushed stone or the like, it is effective for environmental protection. This is because when the waterway width is large, the variable L-shaped block 6 and the flat plate block 16
Both will be large. Therefore, the joint width and the charging hole 9a also become large, and the water channel and the ground are continuous with groundwater. therefore,
This is because water circulation with groundwater can be generated, water spoilage can be prevented, and the water purification function is enhanced. In addition, if the ground crushed stone and the variable L-shaped block backfill are constructed with grub stones, boulders, etc., it is even more effective.

The third embodiment will be described based on the third embodiment (FIGS. 12 to 15). FIG. 12 is a laying vertical sectional view of an interlocking pavement block. (Line B-B in FIG. 13). FIG. 13 is a plan view. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. FIG. 15 is a perspective view and a perspective view of the pavement block and the interlocking block. (A) In this block slab pavement structure, a concave surface 1 provided on the side surface 4 (a mating surface) of the pavement slab block 16 and a concave surface of another block form a narrow space, and the granular material 2 is provided in the space. It is something to pack. The granular material is an interlock material. The charging hole 9a provided in the central portion of the pavement block has a hypotenuse inclination r = 35 ° to 70 shown in FIG.
Determine in the range of °. Into the charging hole 9a, the granular material 2 is charged and compacted, and further, the interlocking block 17 is installed, and the joint formed between the charging hole 9a and the charging hole 9a is filled with the granular material (sand etc.). (B) For the construction of this pavement block, crushed roadbed stones are spread and compacted. When the paving slab block is installed, sand for height adjustment is laid on the lower surface 5 of the block, and the pavement slab block is placed on the sand for successive installation. By laying in such a manner, a small amount of unevenness caused when the pavement plate is installed can be corrected by vibrationally rolling the pavement plate with a rolling machine such as a vibrating roller. The reason is that since the charging hole 9a is provided, unless the granular material 2 is charged and compacted in the charging hole 9a, the ground contact area on the lower surface of the pavement plate is small, the ground contact pressure strength is large, and it is laid high. The pavement plate will sink. Next, if the paving slab can be installed to some extent, the charging hole 9
The granular material 2 is put into a, and the interlocking block 17 is solidified with a sticking stick or the like to the lower surface of the installation. Further, the interlocking block 17 is installed, and the granular material such as sand is put in the joint formed with the input hole 9a. Drop in and stick.
In addition, by vibrating the interlocking block 17,
There is also a method of compacting joint sand. Next, the block plate pavement is completed by packing the granular material 2 in a space filled between the pavement plates. In addition, when mortar is applied to the filling space (joint), it is advisable to fill a poorly mixed hard mortar. This is because in the case of a hard mortar, rainwater can be prevented from infiltrating into the roadbed, and the paving slab is interlocked at the moment of filling, so that the paving can be used quickly. Therefore, this pavement block is simple in construction, can be rapidly constructed, is easy in construction management, and can reduce construction costs.

The fourth embodiment will be described based on the fourth embodiment (FIGS. 16 to 19). FIG. 16 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an interlocking pavement block having a hexagonal planar shape (see line BB in FIG. 17). FIG. 17 is a plan view. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. (B) This block slab pavement has a structure in which the end block 18 and the concave surface 1 provided on the side surface 4 of the pavement plate 16 having the concave surface 1 on the side surface 4 and the concave surface of the block A space is formed and the space is filled with the granular material 2. In the charging hole 9a provided in the central portion of the pavement block, the granular material 2 is charged to the lower surface of the interlocking block 17 and solidified, and further, the interlocking block 17 is installed and formed between the charging hole 9a and the charging hole 9a. The joint sand is filled with joint sand (granular material). (B) The construction of this paving slab block is the same as in Example 3, but there is also the following method as a procedure for filling the interstice space with the granular material. Once the paving block has been laid,
The granular material 2 is put into a space filled between the pavement block and another block, and compacted with a stick or the like. In this way, if the joints of the pavement block are constructed first, the insertion hole 9
When the granular material 2 is put into a and compacted, it is possible to prevent the pavement block from moving. Next, the granular material 2 is charged into the charging hole 9a, solidified, and the interlocking block is installed. (C) This pavement block can be used for river bank block revetment. In that case, the filling space formed between the pavement block and the other blocks is filled with hard mortar, asphalt, etc., and the granular material 2 is charged and compacted to the lower surface of the interlocking block of the charging hole 9a, Next, install the interlocking block 17,
By filling asphalt or the like in the joint formed between the charging hole 9a and the block, a block revetment can be built. In the block-lined revetment using the block of the present invention, the cast-in-place foundation concrete can be omitted and the curved surface of the block-lined can be easily constructed. (D) Furthermore, this paving slab block can also be used for slope protection. In that case, inject mortar into the space filled between the pavement block and the block,
Alternatively, by filling and then filling the hole 9a with earth and sand mixed with seeds and fertilizer, a slope protection work that doubles as a slope can be achieved.

The fifth embodiment will be described based on the fifth embodiment (FIGS. 20 to 28). 20 is an installation vertical cross-sectional view of an interlocking staircase type block and an interlocking block foundation (see line C-C in FIG. 21). FIG. 21 is a plan view. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a step block and an end block. (Figs. 24 to 26)
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an interlocking block foundation. (B) In this staircase block installation configuration, the interlocking block foundation 14 is installed, and the interstitial granular material 2 is placed in the interstitial space formed between the concave surface 1 of the block foundation bottom slab 7 and another block foundation. Stuffing, then bottom plate 7
The charging granular material 2a is applied to the charging hole 9a provided in (see FIGS. 24 to 26). Furthermore, staircase type block 15
The plurality of concave surfaces 1 provided on the side surface 4 (the mating surface) and the concave surfaces of the other blocks form a space for filling, and the space is filled with the filling granular material 2. The charging granular material 2a is charged into the charging hole 9 provided in the central portion of the stepped block and solidified. The role of the input granular material 2a is that of the split stone 1
3 or an interlock material that prevents sliding between the foundation ground (supporting ground of the staircase type block) and the staircase type block. Therefore, it is better to use angular stones such as rubble stones. Further, the shape of the input hole 9 is the shape of the paving slab block or the flat plate block, but the inclination angle (r) of the block lower surface 5 (the portion below the line B-B in FIG. 20) is
It is preferable to increase the inclination angle (r) to a range where the mold can be easily removed. The reason is that the interlock between the step block and the foundation ground can be more effectively exhibited. The above can also be applied to a pavement block or the like. (B) The interlocking block foundation is used for the foundation work of the breakwater using stair type blocks (Fig. 28).
), The root-hardening fish nest block shown in Example 6, or a foundation work such as a fish nest block. Therefore, an embodiment of the interlocking block basis will be described based on (FIGS. 24-26). The concave surface 1 considering the stress concentration relaxing shape is provided on the side surface of the front wall 8 of the interlocking block foundation, and the concave surface 1 considering the stress concentration relaxing shape is also provided on the side surface 4 (the mating surface) of the bottom slab 7. Also, bottom plate 7
An injection hole 9a is formed near the center of the. The stuffed granular material 2 is stuffed in the stuffed space constituted by the concave surface 1 of the block foundation and the concave surface of the other block foundation. Further, the charging granular material 2a is charged into the charging hole 9a and solidified. In addition, the input hole 9
The function and role of a are similar to those of the paving block and the step block, but there is a slight difference in that the slanted side inclination angle (r) is also provided on the upper surface of the bottom slab 7. The reason is to further ensure the interlock between the staircase type block 15 and the interlocking type block foundation 14 and improve the durability of the structure using the staircase type block (Note: the total collapse of the structure is Often occurs due to slippage of the foundation work). Further, as shown in FIG. 28, the charging hole 9a
A concrete hole or the like is placed through the through hole, and the charging hole 9a is also provided in order to increase the resistance against sliding of the block foundation. Therefore, the injection holes described so far are one of the elements for developing a new construction method for civil engineering structures using precast blocks that are used for multiple functions and purposes. An example thereof will also be explained by a rooting work using the rooting fish nest block of the seventh embodiment. (C) Construction of the staircase type block 15 and the interlocking block foundation 14 (see FIGS. 20, 27 and 28) is carried out by laying a split stone 13 and installing the interlocking block foundation 14 between the block foundations. The stuffed granular material 2 is stuffed in the stuffed space, and the block foundation and the block foundation are interlocked and fixed. Next, the charging granular material 2a is charged into the charging hole 9a of the block foundation, solidified, and interlocked with the split stone foundation. In addition, when constructing on soft ground, as shown in FIG. 28, concrete piles 21 are placed in the space between the charging holes 9a and the block foundation, and the joints formed between the concrete piles 21 are granular. If the material is packed, the measures for scour described in the related art can be easily performed. This is because the concrete pile can prevent the block foundation from sliding and can cope with the settlement of the block foundation. Furthermore, if the scour prevention mat construction method is combined, there is a further effect, and a breakwater with high durability can be constructed by interlocking the stair type blocks.
When constructing a staircase type block, the block is hung by a crane or the like and installed. However, due to the concave surface 1 provided on the side surface 4 (a mating surface) of the staircase type block and the insertion hole 9 formed in the center, Is unnecessary. The reason is,
By devising the suspension fittings, it is possible to easily attach and detach the staircase block. Therefore, the construction can be performed safely and the construction can be performed quickly. Next, install the staircase block on the interlocking block foundation, put the rubble stones and rubble stones 13a on the foundation ground, and spread them to make the next staircase block installation base surface, Install. When the above work steps are repeated, the laying of the staircase type block is completed. Furthermore, by filling and solidifying the filling space 2 formed between the stepped blocks and the filling hole 9 and the filling granules 2 and 2a, a building such as a breakwater can be constructed. In addition, it is also possible to lay the blocks to some extent and apply a granular material. Due to the function of the input hole and the interlock between the stepped blocks, the construction using this block has a large resistance to an external force such as a wave force, and the block tension shape shown in FIG. It also functions as a wave-dissipating block. In addition, the interlocking staircase block has a flexible levee structure, can follow uneven settlement of the levee body, has a slightly improved landscape, and is also useful for environmental protection due to the cleaning action of the input granular material 2a.

The sixth embodiment will be described based on the sixth embodiment (FIGS. 29 to 35). FIG. 29 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the installation of an interlocking type densification fish nest block used for river and coast densification (line C-C in FIG. 30). FIG. 30 is a plan view. FIG.
FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 29. FIG.
FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 29. (FIGS. 33 to 3
5) is a structural view and a perspective view of the root-consolidated fish nest block. (A) The installation structure of the root-consolidating fish nest block is such that the root-consolidating fish nest block 8 is installed on the excavated ground, and the concave surface 1 provided on the side surface 4 (the mating surface) of the root-consolidating fish nest block 8 and other blocks. A streamlined space is formed with the concave surface,
It is an interlocking block in which the space-filled granular material 2 is packed in the space. The stuffed space of the root-consolidated fish nest is slightly different in shape from the stuffed spaces of Examples 1 to 5 (see the perspective view of FIG. 35). The reason for this is that the filling space has a three-dimensional wedge shape to prevent the outflow of the granular material due to the suction action of the water flow as much as possible. Further, the hole 3a formed in the concave portion connects the flow of water between the charging hole 9 and the filling space. As described in the step block, the input hole 9 provided in the center of the root block fish nest block is an interlock space that prevents sliding between the foundation ground and the block, and a space that provides a living space for living things. But also. Therefore, as the input granular material 2a (split stones, cobblestones, etc.), it is preferable that large stones are input and crushed crushed stones, etc. are not applied. Further, a concave surface 1 for fixing the lid 7 with holes is provided on the receiving seat 6 of the charging hole 9, and the lid 7 with holes provided with the concave surface 1 is installed.
It is packed with. Note that the lid with holes is not a member that is absolutely necessary for the root block fish nest block (see FIG. 36). (B) For the construction of the root-consolidating fish nest block, the root-consolidating fish nest block 8 is installed, and the filling granular material 2 is put into the filling space formed between the root-consolidating fish nest blocks. Although it is hardened, if the straight part above the packing space is carefully packed with crushed stones, etc., the synergistic effect with the three-dimensional wedge packing space shape will further improve the suction prevention of the granular material. Between the side surface of the root-blocking fish block and the excavated ground, a burial stone 13 is put and carefully compacted. Next, the charging granular material 2a is charged into the charging hole 9 up to the receiving seat 6, and is solidified, and a large quarry stone is arranged on the upper portion thereof to form a good fish nest space. Furthermore, if a lid 7 with a hole is installed, and a filling space formed between the lid 7 and the lid is filled with padding granular material 2 such as river gravel, and the lid is fixed, a rooting work can be built. (C) As described above, the interlocking root-locking fish nest block of the present invention has the function of the input hole 9 and the space for filling,
By interlocking the packed granular material, it connects the blocks and withstands the scour of water flow,
Improving the durability of the rooting work, suppressing uneven settlement between blocks as much as possible, and further purifying polluted water by the self-cleaning action of the water flow that flows in and out of rubble and gravel, and the construction of future environmental symbiosis facilities It is a useful member.

The seventh embodiment will be described based on the seventh embodiment (FIGS. 36 to 37). FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a river bank revetment using the root block fish nest block of the present invention (B to FIG. 37).
B arrow line). 37 is a plan view taken along the line AA of FIG. (B) In the construction of this root consolidation work, the soft ground 20 is excavated, the crushed foundation stone 10 is laid, and the root consolidation fish nest block 8 is installed thereon. Next, the interlocking type precast pile 11 is solidified and placed on the side surface of the fish nest block 8. The role of the precast pile is to drive the root-consolidating fish nest block 8 at the end to strongly fix it. Because, if you install this root block fish nest block on soft ground, during flooding,
This is to prevent the gravel stones 13 at the ends from being washed away by the scouring action of the flood flow and damaging the pavement work (Note:
Rooting fish nest block constructed on soft ground has a loading hole 9
The interlocking effect between the inner stone and the soft ground does not become strong). If the interlocking type precast pile 11 is driven into the charging hole 9, the block can be prevented from sliding and the living space for living creatures can be effectively created. Subsequently, the space-filling granular material 2 is packed in the space-filling space formed between the root-consolidating fish nest block 8 and the blocks and the interlocking precast piles 11. The method of packing and compacting the granular material is the ground. Water tightening, which is an application of the high-blot flotation method, which is one of the improved methods, is good.The construction method is a rod-shaped vibrator that is used for compacting concrete by adding granular material and replenishing water at the same time. And at the same time to compact. In addition, this compaction method can be applied to the space-filled granular material of the staircase type block, which enables labor saving and rapid construction, and can reduce the construction cost. further,
If the split stone 13 is placed in the input hole and the split stone 12 is installed on the upper portion thereof, a living space for living things is formed by the concave surface provided on the side surface of the input hole. In addition, in the concave surface of the charging hole, the hole 3a
If the hole is provided, the hole 3a and the living space for living things are connected to form a better fish nest. In addition, at the time of flood, the fine-grained sand in the input hole is sucked by the water flow, the living space for living things is cleaned, and the reproduction of living things is promoted. In the space between the existing block seawall 6 and the root block fish nest block 8, a large quarry stone 1
2 is added, the joints are crushed with crushed stones, etc., and if the lid with holes is installed in the root block of the fish nest, the root can be solidified. (B) This root block fish nest block can also be applied to erosion control channel construction and river purification. The embankment ground and the river are continuous with groundwater, and a water cycle with the groundwater occurs to prevent water spoilage. In addition, in the waterside, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water increases, the water purification function increases, the environment is preserved, the scenery is good, and the interlocking root block fish nest block that makes it possible to create a multi-natural river in line with Japan. Is.

[0018]

【The invention's effect】

(Foreword) In Japan, it is difficult to secure workers, technicians, and engineers engaged in the construction industry. Furthermore, in order to enhance social capital, it is also required to reduce construction costs.
As one of the solutions, we think that civil engineering structure construction by the precast block method is also one method. (A) By strengthening interlocking between the precast block and the foundation ground, the block increases the proof stress (shear strength, stickiness) of the articulated deformation behavior characteristics of the block, makes the block construction a flexible structure, and improves the block construction method. Enables the development of new method. (B) For U-type waterways, the formation of cavities on the bottom surface of the center of the bottom slab was prevented to facilitate waterway construction. In addition, the width of the water channel was made variable, the possibility of mass production of small varieties was increased, the range of multi-functionality and versatility was expanded, and the construction cost could be reduced by rapid construction. (C) In the paving slab block, the slabs were joined easily and the joint performance was made variable. In addition, the paving slab has a structure that is easy to install, omits grout injection, saves labor, enables rapid construction, and is a block slab that can be used early. Therefore, the block cost can be reduced and the construction cost can be reduced by the ease of construction management and the mass production of paving slab blocks by multi-functional and multi-purpose use. (D) For odd-shaped blocks used for breakwaters, etc., the interlocking between blocks has been strengthened, and the measures to prevent scour digging at the buttocks have been easily and strengthened. In addition, the block's differential settlement follow-up performance has been improved, and the structure has a durable construction against wave forces. In addition, it also has a wave-dissipating function, taking into consideration landscape and environmental conservation. Therefore, it is possible to provide the water revetment that modern people demand, improve the safety of construction, enable rapid construction, and reduce construction cost. (E) Consolidation blocks for the consolidation blocks have been simplified and strengthened, the block differential tracking performance has been expanded, and the durability of the consolidation process has been improved. Furthermore, it provided a living space for living things, and made it an environmental conservation, cultivation, and multifunctional block. As described above, the interlocking block of the present invention is capable of constructing a civil engineering structure having multiple functions, high quality, standardization, labor saving, and low cost, provides a humid environmental space, and contributes to society in Japan. It can greatly contribute to capital enrichment.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an interlocking variable L-shaped block showing a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a second embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the first embodiment (FIG. 2) taken along the line C-C.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Example 1 (FIG. 1).

FIG. 5 is a side view of the first embodiment (FIG. 2) taken along the arrows d to d.

6 and 7 are perspective views of the variable L-shaped block according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a water channel in which a flat plate block is installed in the center of the variable L-shaped block showing the second embodiment to widen the water channel width (see line BB in FIG. 9).

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Example 2 (FIG. 9).

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a flat plate block according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a laying vertical cross-sectional view of an interlocking pavement block showing Example 3 (line B-B in FIG. 13).

FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a third embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of Example 3 (FIG. 12).

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a paving slab block and a perspective view of an interlocking block according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a paving slab block having a hexagonal planar shape showing Example 4 (line B-B in FIG. 17).

FIG. 17 is a plan view showing Example 4.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of Example 4 (FIG. 16).

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a paving slab block showing a fourth embodiment and a perspective view of an end block.

FIG. 20 is an installation vertical cross-sectional view of an interlocking staircase type block and an interlocking block foundation showing a fifth embodiment (see line C-C in FIG. 21).

FIG. 21 is a plan view showing Example 5 (A to FIG. 20).
A line of sight).

22 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of Example 5 (FIG. 20).

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a staircase type block showing Embodiment 5;
It is the figure which expressed the concave surface 1 by the contour line, and the perspective view of an end part block.

FIG. 24 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an interlocking block foundation used for a foundation work of a staircase type block construction method showing a fifth embodiment (see line C-C in FIG. 25).

FIG. 25 is a plan view showing Example 5 (A to FIG. 24).
A line of sight).

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of an interlocking block foundation showing a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of an interlocking block foundation showing a fifth embodiment and installation of a staircase block.

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a breakwater using the staircase type block showing Example 5;

FIG. 29 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the interlocking root-locking fish nest block installation showing Example 6 (C to C in FIG. 30).
C line of sight).

FIG. 30 is a plan view showing Example 6.

FIG. 31 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Example 6 (FIG. 29).

FIG. 32 is a transverse sectional view taken along the line BB of Example 6 (FIG. 29).

FIG. 33 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a root-locking fish nest block without a lid with holes, showing Example 6 (line C-C in FIG. 34).

FIG. 34 is a plan view of Example 6 (FIG. 33).

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of a rooted fish nest of Example 6 (FIG. 33).

FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of an example of river bank revetment consolidation using an interlocking root consolidation fish nest block showing Example 7 (see line BB in FIG. 37).

37 is a plan view showing Example 7 (A to FIG. 36). FIG.
A line of sight).

FIG. 38 is an explanatory diagram of principal stress line rotation when wheel load acts on the interlocking block and rearrangement of the packing material.

FIG. 39 is a conceptual diagram of a damage state of a block due to stress concentration and a conceptual explanatory diagram of a stress concentration relaxing shape.

FIG. 40 is a diagram conceptually explaining the reason why stress concentration occurs.

FIG. 41 is an explanatory diagram for determining a factor that determines a stress concentration rate (α) and a double curvature profile stress concentration relaxation shape.

FIG. 42 is an explanatory diagram for determining a factor that determines the stress concentration rate (α) and a stress concentration relaxation shape.

FIG. 43 is an explanatory diagram of a case where joint sand of a conventional interlocking block is considered as a simple shear test of a soil test method.

FIG. 44 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the joint sand (granular material) of the interlocking block of the present invention is considered as a one-sided shear test for soil test method.

FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of a single shear test and an explanatory diagram of measured internal friction angles.

FIG. 46 is a comparative explanatory diagram of an internal friction angle Φ and a peripheral surface frictional force fu (friction angle between concrete surface and sand).

FIG. 47 is a conceptual diagram of a principal stress (σ ₁ ) generated in a joint sand (granular material) of a conventional block and a principal stress line contact angle with a block surface. It is an explanatory view showing the principal stress (σ ₁ ) generated in the joint sand (granular material) of the interlocking type block of the present invention and the principal stress line contact angle change between the streamline shaped surface surrounded by the concave surface. .

FIG. 48 is an explanatory diagram of a road gutter showing a conventional technique.

[Fig. 49] Fig. 49 is an explanatory view of a flume and an L-type waterway block used for a drainage channel showing a conventional technique (a flume is a perspective view and an L-type waterway block is a sectional view).

FIG. 50 is an explanatory view of a breakwater (sloping breakwater) showing a conventional technique (cross-sectional view and perspective view).

FIG. 51 is an explanatory view of a fish nest block showing a conventional technique (construction cross-sectional view and perspective view of block).

[Fig. 52] Fig. 52 is an explanatory diagram of a rooted fish nest block showing a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference numerals of (FIGS. 1 to 11) 1 concave surface 2 granular material 2a interstitial granular material 3 water blocking material 4 side surface (matching surface) 4a mating surface 5 lower surface
6 Variable L-shaped block 7 Bottom plate 8 Holding wall 9 Input hole
9a Input hole 10 Joint width 11 Crushed stone 16 Flat plate block 22 Oblique slant angle (FIGS. 12-19) code 1 Concave surface 2 Granular material 4 Side surface (Mating surface) 5 Lower surface 9a Input hole 10 Joint width 12 Roadbed crushed stone
16 Pavement Block 17 Interlocking Block 18 End Block 22 Oblique Inclination Reference Number (FIGS. 20 to 28) 1 Concave Surface 2 Padding Granular Material 2a
Input Granular Material 4 Sides (Mating Surface) 5 Lower Surface 7 Bottom Plate
8 Front wall 9 Input hole 9a Input hole 13 Split stone
13a Split stone 14 Interlocking block foundation 15 Step type block 18 End block 19 Water level 20 Soft ground 21 Concrete pile (Figs. 29 to 35) code 1 Concave surface 2 Filling granule material 2a Input granule material 3 Exit hole 3a hole 4 Side surface (Mating surface) 5 Bottom surface
6 Receiving plate 7 Lid with hole 8 Rooting fish nest block 9 Input hole 13 Fillet stone 14 Water level 22 Code of oblique angle (Fig. 36, Fig. 37) 2 Filling granulated material 6 Existing block revetment
7 Lid with hole 8 Rooted fish nest block 10 Crushed stone 11 Interlocking type precast pile
12 stones 13 stones 14 water level 20 soft ground

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A variable L-shaped block (6) is provided with a concave surface (1) on a side surface (4) (a mating surface) in consideration of a stress concentration relaxing shape, and a bottom plate (7) is provided with an input hole (9). The interlocking variable L block (see FIGS. 1 to 11). 2. The pavement block (16) is provided with a concave surface (1) on the side surface 4 (a mating surface) in consideration of a stress concentration relaxation shape, and a pour hole (9a) is provided in the central portion of the pavement plate. Interlocking pavement block (see Figures 12-19). 3. A plurality of concave surfaces (1) are provided on a side surface (a mating surface) 4 of the staircase type block (15) in consideration of a stress concentration relaxing shape, and a charging hole (9) is further provided at the center of the block. Interlocking staircase block (see FIGS. 20-23). 4. An interlocking block foundation (1
4) a side surface 4 (a mating surface) is provided with a concave surface (1) in consideration of a stress concentration relaxing shape, and a bottom plate (7) further has a charging hole (9).
a) interlocking block foundation (Fig. 2)
4 to FIG. 26). 5. A concave surface (1) is provided on the side surface 4 (a mating surface) of the root-consolidating fish nest block (8) in consideration of the stress concentration relaxing shape, and further, a charging hole (9) is provided at the center of the block. Interlocking root block fish nest block (Figs. 29 to 3)
7).