JPH09253630A - Water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water treatment apparatus wherein a novel hollow yarn membrane type filter excellent in filtering capacity and a filter tank having effective magnetizing treatment function are combined. SOLUTION: This water treatment apparatus consists of a prefilter B being an external pressure filtering system wherein a plurality of hollow yarn membranes folded back in a loop form while having a plurality of crossing points and having an almost circular cross section at the straight line parts and loop parts thereof are bundled to be fixed to one place of a housing container 9 at the open ends thereof by using a potting material to be self-supported and hydrophilicity is imparted to the hollow yarn membranes and susceptible to backwashing and a filter tank C constituted so that granular activated carbon, sand or the like are accumulated in a cylindrical housing having a water inflow port and a water outflow port provided to one end and other end thereof in a bed form and magnets are arranged above and below a granular ceramic accumulated bed at least by one so that the directions of the lines of magnetic force coincide with each other and are set along the flow of water.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water treatment device,
More specifically, it relates to a water treatment device for purifying and activating tap water and hot water obtained by heating it.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a water treatment apparatus for treating tap water, activated carbon, a hollow fiber membrane or the like for removing residual chlorine and pollutants (first generation), and in addition to this Water quality (p
H), etc. have been adjusted (second generation), but in recent years, in addition to this, water molecules have been activated by far-infrared irradiation, magnetization treatment, etc. (third generation). ).

For example, JP-A-1-266892,
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-115094 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-70073.
The publication discloses a water treatment device in which a far-infrared radiator made of ceramic or the like is laid in a channel through which water passes and a magnetic field generator made of a permanent magnet or the like is provided in or around the channel. Has been done.

To briefly explain one example thereof, the conventional water treatment apparatus has a first sand layer in which a first sand layer is formed from an upper part having a water inlet in a cylindrical housing to a lower part having a water outlet. The activated carbon layer, the second sand layer, the magnetic layer and the ceramic layer are laminated via a nonwoven fabric filter or the like. Here, the first sand layer and the second sand layer are made of white sand obtained by specially treating igneous rock Shirasu, and the activated carbon layer is made of antibacterial granular activated carbon, which mainly contributes to residual chlorine, organic substances and harmful substances ( For example, trihalomethane), red rust, impurities, mold odor, etc. are removed. In addition, the magnetic layer is a mixture of magnetite ore, ferrite magnet, quartz diorite, and fine particles of Taisekiishi, and based on the removal of heavy metals by the magnetic field of magnetite ore and ferrite magnet,
Water molecules are magnetized and activated, and further, the quality of water (pH, etc.) is mainly adjusted by quartz diorite and Taiseki and minerals are supplied. The ceramic layer is made of white sand obtained by specially treating igneous rock Shirasu at a higher temperature (for example, 110
It consists of granular ceramics specially treated at 0 ℃)
Far infrared rays activate water molecules and prevent water quality deterioration.

However, in the above-mentioned water treatment device, since the magnetite ore and the ferrite magnet are randomly mixed in the magnetic layer, the magnetic fields of the individual ferrite magnets cancel each other out, and the magnetic field acting on the water molecules becomes weak. There was a problem that it was difficult to perform activation sufficiently. In addition, there is also a problem that the removal performance deteriorates due to clogging of the filter media and the non-woven fabric filter, and the flow rate decreases, which shortens the service life. Although this problem can be improved to some extent by providing a pre-filter, Similar problems due to clogging remain.

On the other hand, a large number of hollow fiber membranes each have several crossing points so that the flow of fluid becomes uniform (hereinafter, referred to as
Filtration filters using a bundle of hollow fiber membranes (referred to as “twilling”) are used for ultrafiltration, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, artificial dialysis, gas separation and the like. In general, hollow fiber membranes are excellent in filtration performance for removing fine impurities and microorganisms, but have a small water permeability coefficient, and in order to increase the flow rate, a large number of hollow fiber membrane bundles must be used. However, it has a drawback that the device becomes large. Therefore, in the domestic water purifier using the hollow fiber membrane, the flow rate is sacrificed to reduce the size at present.

However, a hollow fiber membrane bundle in which a large number of hollow fiber membranes are folded back in a loop and both ends thereof are converged and fixed at one place is
Unless special measures are taken so that it can be easily guessed, the cross section of the loop portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle does not become circular, and its equivalent diameter is usually 2 times larger than that of the straight portion.
It becomes larger than 0%. In such a hollow fiber membrane bundle, there is a large variation in sparseness and denseness in the hollow fiber filled state not only in the loop portion but also in the straight portion, and a uniform fluid flow cannot be expected.

FIG. 15 shows a winding process for manufacturing a conventional hollow fiber membrane bundle, which comprises a biaxial cassette 102 for winding the hollow fiber membrane 101 and a traverse 103 for twilling. 16 and 17 show a loop portion when the hollow fiber membrane 101 is wound around a conventional linear cassette 102, and (a) of each figure shows the loop portion 104 of the cassette 1
The cross section in the axial direction of the hollow fiber membrane bundle including 02 is shown, and (b) shows the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. It can be seen from FIG. 16 (b) that in the conventional case, the cross-sectional area of the case becomes the space of the loop portion as it is, and the diameter of the bundle of the loop portion 104 must be larger than that of the straight portion 105. It is also found that when the hollow fiber membrane is uniformly wound around the entire case, the hollow fiber membrane bundle has a rectangular outer shape, and when it is filled in a commonly used cylindrical container, a gap is formed between the hollow fiber membrane and the container. Therefore, when the hollow fiber membrane bundle is wound so as to have a circular outer shape as shown in FIG. 17 (b), the central hollow fiber membrane of the hollow fiber membrane bundle in which the fluid hardly flows as shown in FIG. 17 (a) It becomes the longest and is not preferable.

On the other hand, a strip-shaped laminated body of hollow fiber membranes cross-laminated with each other is wound around a core tube (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 53-18718).
No. 3), a support member is provided to maintain the shape of the hollow fiber membrane bundle (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-103407, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-103409, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 1-92203, etc.), By using the shape-retaining material, the density of the filled hollow fiber membranes is made uniform. In addition, actual opening flat 4
In JP-A-33927, in order to increase the filling amount of the hollow fiber membranes, the fact that the diameter of the loop portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle is larger than that of the straight portion is used so that a plurality of hollow fiber membrane bundles intersect with each other. Although they are arranged, it cannot be said that the filling state of the hollow fiber membranes of each bundle is improved.

If the contact area between the hollow fiber membrane and the cassette is reduced, a large pressure is applied to the hollow fiber membrane and the hollow fiber membrane is crushed. Therefore, even if the conventional linear cassette is simply thinned, the loop The maximum diameter of the cross section of the portion (hereinafter, referred to as “cross section” unless otherwise stated means the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the hollow fiber membrane bundle) is about 1.2 of the diameter of the straight line portion. The limit is up to twice. In addition, in order to wind the hollow fiber membrane so that the loop portion has a circular cross section with a linear cassette, the traverse must have a special movement, and even in this case, the axis of the loop portion can be The shape of the cross section in the direction becomes mountainous, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle at the center of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, which has the slowest arrival of the fluid, has the longest length, resulting in a decrease in filtration efficiency.

Further, in the loop portion 104, as can be easily imagined, the hollow fiber membranes are in close contact with each other so that the fluid is harder to pass than the straight portion 105. Therefore, raw water flows from the surface of the hollow fiber membrane to the center of the bundle in a direction substantially perpendicular to the hollow fiber membrane while being filtered by the hollow fiber membrane,
In the filter with the structure taken out from the open end, the hollow fiber membrane bundle is constantly compressed by the flow of raw water,
The hollow fiber membrane is often cut near the potting material.

One of the advantages of the hollow fiber membrane type fluid separation device is that the effective membrane area can be made larger than that of other shapes. However, if the filled state of the hollow fiber membranes is sparse and dense, the flow of fluid will be non-uniform, and not all hollow fiber membranes will be used effectively. If a shape-retaining material that retains the shape of the bundle is used to make the filling state of the hollow fiber membranes uniform, not only the device becomes complicated, but also the filling amount of the hollow fiber membranes is reduced by the amount of the retaining material. In addition, depending on the shape of the holding material, even free vibration of the hollow fiber membrane is hindered, so that deposits accumulate on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane, which causes a drawback such as easy clogging. Further, as described above, the flow of the fluid to be treated may generate shearing force in the hollow fiber membrane near the potting material, and the hollow fiber membrane may be cut.

[0013]

Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned situation, the present invention is to solve the problems that the water permeability coefficient is large, the filling rate into the storage container is high, the flow rate is large, and clogging is difficult. By combining a new hollow fiber membrane type filtration filter with excellent filtration performance and a filtration tank that has a water quality adjustment function, a mineral replenishment function and an effective magnetization treatment function, each characteristic can be utilized and backwashing is possible. And providing a long-life water treatment device.

In other words, the packing density of the hollow fiber membranes is uniform, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle itself retains its shape without using a special shape-retaining material, and the flow of the fluid is uniform and the hollow fiber membranes are cut. By increasing the effective area, the flow of the fluid is made uniform, and the shaking or vibration of the hollow fiber membrane that naturally occurs due to the flow of the fluid is not hindered, so that clogging is less likely to occur and filtration efficiency is improved. By using the hollow fiber membrane bundle having a high shape as a prefilter, the backwash effect is high and the life of the water treatment device is extended.

[0015]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a water treatment apparatus comprising a prefilter and a filtration tank, wherein the prefilter has a plurality of hollow fiber membranes. A bundle of hollow fiber membranes having an intersection and folded back in a loop shape and the cross-sections of the straight line portion and the loop portion are substantially circular are focused and fixed at one point in the storage container at the open end using a potting material. An external pressure filtration type backwashable hollow fiber filter in which the hollow fiber membrane is self-supported and hydrophilic is imparted to the hollow fiber membrane, wherein the filtration tank has water inlets at one end and the other end, respectively. And granular activated carbon, sand, etc. are deposited in layers in a cylindrical housing having an outflow port, and at least one magnet is provided above and below the layer in which the granular ceramics are deposited so that their magnetic lines of force have a uniform direction. And the direction is arranged along the flow of water, after filtering the raw water with the pre-filter, the filtrate is filtered by the filtration tank, activated water treatment apparatus characterized by Configured.

Here, the hollow fiber membrane bundle is a semi-circle which is approximately equal to the minimum diameter of a cross section of the hollow fiber membrane produced by dry-wet spinning in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the linear portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The hollow fiber membrane bundle is formed by winding it with a biaxial taper having a shape and a winding portion having a thickness of 20% or less of the diameter while winding it, bundling it at the central portion and cutting it. In a preferred embodiment, the maximum diameter is 0.95 to 1.15 times the minimum diameter of the straight line portion, and the hollow fiber membrane at the center of the loop portion is set to have the shortest length.

Further, in the hollow fiber membrane bundle, the hollow fiber membrane produced by dry-wet spinning is wound while being twilled by a biaxial cassette having one or more rod-shaped projections in the diameter direction, and bundled at the central portion thereof. By cutting and forming the hollow fiber membrane bundle, a space communicating with one or more straight portions is formed in the loop portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle has a small fluid passage near the focusing and fixing portion and the vicinity of the loop portion. More preferably, it is stored in a storage container having a large fluid passage.

Further, it is preferable to interpose a layer of magnetite ore on at least one of the upper and lower sides of the layer of granular ceramics.

More specifically, the filtration tank has a first sand layer formed by depositing sand, granular activated carbon, sand, taiseki stone, magnetite ore, granular ceramics, magnetite ore and barley stone in layers from above. An activated carbon layer, a second sand layer, a Taiseki stone layer, a first magnetite ore layer, a ceramic layer, a second magnetite ore layer and a barley stone layer are formed, and a first carbon layer is formed between the activated carbon layer and the second sand layer. Between the magnetite ore layer and the ceramic layer and the second
Between the magnetite layer and the boiled stone layer, at least one magnet is arranged so that the directions of the lines of magnetic force thereof coincide with each other and the direction is along the flow of water.

Alternatively, the above-mentioned filtration tank deposits sand, granular activated carbon, sand, taiseki stone, magnetite ore, granular ceramics, magnetite ore and barley stone in layers from the top to form a first sand layer,
Activated carbon layer, second sand layer, Taiseki stone layer, first magnetite layer,
Forming a ceramic layer, a second magnetite ore layer, and a barley stone layer, and between the second sand layer and the Taiseki stone layer, between the first magnetite ore layer and the ceramic layer, and between the ceramic layer and the second layer.
Between the magnetite layer and the magnetite ore layer, the directions of the lines of magnetic force are aligned with each other and the directions are arranged along the flow of water.

Alternatively, the above-mentioned filtration tank deposits sand, granular activated carbon, sand, taiseki stone, magnetite ore, granular ceramics, magnetite ore and barley stone in layers from the top to form a first sand layer,
Activated carbon layer, second sand layer, Taiseki stone layer, first magnetite layer,
Forming a ceramic layer, a second magnetite layer and a boiled stone layer, and between the first sand layer and the activated carbon layer, between the Taiseki stone layer and the first magnetite layer, and the second magnetite layer. At least one magnet is arranged between the boiled stone layer and the boiled stone layer so that the directions of the lines of magnetic force thereof coincide with each other and the direction is along the flow of water.

Then, in the above-mentioned concrete filter tank,
The distance between at least one magnet arranged between layers is substantially the same in the direction orthogonal to each layer, and the magnets arranged between the layers are centered on the central axis of the housing. It is more preferable to use at least two magnets arranged at positions where the central angle on the same circle is equally divided, and to reverse the direction of magnetic force lines of the magnets and the direction of water flow.

[0023]

The water treatment apparatus of the present invention having the above contents has the following actions. As for the pre-filter consisting of hollow fiber type filters, since the hollow fiber membranes have hydrophilicity and the minimum osmotic pressure is low, it can be used immediately by the water pressure of ordinary tap water, and the external pressure filtration is also possible. Since it is possible to backwash with the formula, if the filtration performance is lowered, its function can be restored by backwashing,
It has a long life. In addition, regarding the filtration tank, the magnetic fields of the magnets respectively arranged above and below the layer on which the granular ceramics are deposited will combine with each other to reinforce each other, and since the direction is along the flow of water, Can be effectively magnetized, and since the magnetic field passes through the layer in which the granular ceramics are deposited, the activation effect of water molecules by far infrared irradiation of the granular ceramics is improved.

Then, in a water treatment apparatus in which a prefilter and a filtration tank are combined, by sending a filtrate obtained by removing fine impurities and microorganisms from raw water by the prefilter to the filtration tank, Prevents reproduction, removes residual chlorine, organic substances, harmful substances (eg trihalomethane), red rust, impurities, mold odor, etc. in the filter tank, adjusts water quality (pH etc.), replenishes minerals, and further magnetizes Delicious water is obtained because water molecules are activated by treatment and irradiation with far infrared rays.

In addition, the hollow fiber membrane bundle is a semicircle that is approximately equal to the minimum diameter of the cross section of the hollow fiber membrane produced by dry-wet spinning in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the straight line portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The hollow fiber membrane bundle is formed by winding it with a biaxial taper having a shape and a winding portion having a thickness of 20% or less of the diameter while winding it, bundling it at the central portion and cutting it. The maximum diameter is 0.95 to 1.15 times the minimum diameter of the straight line portion, and the length of the hollow fiber membrane in the center of the loop portion is set to be the shortest. With, the density of the filled hollow fiber membranes becomes substantially uniform, the flow of the fluid is made uniform, and the loading operation into the container that stores the hollow fiber membrane bundle is simplified and the space between the container and Is also uniform, and the hollow fiber membrane is not fixed by the shape-retaining material. In it is not interfere with shaking or vibration of the hollow fiber membrane produced naturally by the flow of fluid. In addition, the filtration characteristics of all the hollow fiber membranes are averaged by bundling the hollow fiber membranes in the center of the loop portion where the fluid reaches the slowest so that the length of the hollow fiber membranes is the shortest.

Further, in the hollow fiber membrane bundle, the hollow fiber membrane produced by dry-wet spinning is wound while being twilled by a biaxial cassette having one or more rod-shaped projections in the diameter direction, and bundled at the central portion. By cutting and forming the hollow fiber membrane bundle, a space communicating with one or more straight portions is formed in the loop portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle has a small fluid passage near the focusing and fixing portion and the vicinity of the loop portion. Since the fluid is stored in a storage container having a large fluid passage in the hollow fiber membrane, the fluid is mainly dispersed from the large fluid passage in the vicinity of the loop portion through the space provided in the loop portion into the hollow fiber membrane. Since it flows along the fiber axis direction, the shearing force on the hollow fiber membrane near the potting material is reduced, and the hollow fiber membrane is prevented from being cut at this portion. Further, since the hollow fiber membrane bundle is not fixed by the shape-retaining material, it does not hinder the shaking or vibration of the hollow fiber membrane which naturally occurs due to the flow of fluid, whereby clogging substances adhere to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane. Can be suppressed.

[0027]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1 shows a water treatment apparatus of the present invention, in which A is a main case, B is a prefilter, and C is a filter tank.

The pre-filter B in the present invention is for removing fine impurities or microorganisms mixed in the stock solution, and its performance is, for example, a logarithmic removal rate of 0.1 μm polymer particles of 5 or more, or that of Pseudomonas. The logarithmic removal rate is 7 or more. Further, the filtration tank C removes residual chlorine and the like, adjusts the water quality, replenishes minerals, magnetizes the water molecules to activate them, and activates the water molecules by far-infrared irradiation to prevent water quality deterioration. It is a thing.

The main body case A is a pre-filter B described later.
And a filtration tank C are built in to form a water treatment apparatus, and are composed of a base member 1 for fixing the pre-filter B and the filtration tank C in a standing state, and a cover 2 for covering them. . The base member 1 is provided with mounting bases 3 and 4 for fitting and holding the lower ends of the pre-filter B and the filtration tank C, respectively, on the upper surface thereof, and the through holes 5 are formed in the center of the mounting bases 3 and 4. , 6 are formed, and a plurality of leg portions 7, ... Are projectingly provided on the lower surface. And the cover 2 is
It has a box-like shape with the lower part open, and the lower opening 8 is fitted onto the base member 1 and is integrated by an appropriate fixing means.

The prefilter B has a water permeability coefficient of 300.
0 (l / m ² · hr · kg / cm ² ) (however, “l” in the unit represents liter. The same applies hereinafter) is filled with a large number of hollow fiber membranes and the flow rate is 6 (l / l). min) or more, and is composed of a hollow fiber type filter having a heat resistant temperature of 80 ° C. and capable of backwashing by an external pressure filtration method. Specifically, the pre-filter B is composed of a hollow fiber cartridge filter B1 having the above-described filtration performance and a loading case B2 in which the hollow fiber cartridge filter B1 is replaceably mounted.

The hollow fiber type cartridge filter B1
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, each is a cylindrical container 9 made of a heat-resistant synthetic resin, a header 10 and a bottom 11, and a header 10 and a bottom 11 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the container 9. Are connected by ultrasonic fusion to form a container, and a large number of hollow fiber membranes 12, 12,
It is loaded with. The hollow fiber membrane 12 is formed by folding it back in a U-shape at the center, and the tip is potted with the storage container 9 with a thermosetting resin. A wedge ring 14 is formed on the inner peripheral portion of the end of the storage container 9 in contact with the potting material 13 to supplement the adhesive force.
The wedge ring 14 of this embodiment has a shape in which the inner edge of the wedge ring 14 is widened so as to have upper and lower tapered surfaces.
Further, the adhesive surface 15 of the wedge ring 14 is subjected to corona discharge treatment so that the critical surface tension becomes 40 dyn / cm or more to enhance the adhesive force with the potting material 13.

The raw water introduced into the inside of the storage container 9 from the introduction holes (fluid passages) 16 formed in the bottom 11 is filtered through the hollow fiber membrane 12, and the filtered liquid is a hollow fiber. Potting material 13 passing through the inside of the membrane 12
The potting material 13 and the header 10 are opened from the end.
It overflows into the space formed by and is discharged to the outside through the flow passage 17 provided in the header 10. Here, the introduction hole 16 formed around the storage container 9 is small, and the introduction hole 16 formed in the bottom 11 is set large, so that the straight portion 12a of the hollow fiber membrane 12 becomes the small introduction hole 16 of the storage container 9. The loop portion 12 of the hollow fiber membrane 12 that is close to
b is close to the large introduction hole 16 of the bottom 11.
The header 10 has a cylindrical opening having a flow passage 17, around which a single or a plurality of O-rings 18 are attached, and the O-ring 18 seals a loading case B2 described later. Be worn.

Further, in the loading case B2, in this embodiment, the upper lid 20 is fitted to the upper end portion of the outer cylinder 19 with the O-ring 21 interposed, and the ring-shaped tightening is screwed to the upper end of the outer cylinder 19. The structure is such that the upper lid 20 is detachably attached with the attachment 22. Then, an inflow pipe 24 having a threaded portion on the outer periphery is provided in a protruding manner at the central portion of the bottom surface 23 of the outer cylinder 19,
With the bottom surface 23 part fitted to the mount 3 and the inflow pipe 24 inserted in the through hole 5, the base 25 is fixed to the base member 1 by screwing the base 25 into the inflow pipe 24, and the inflow is performed. The hose 26 is connected. Also, the upper lid 2
A cylindrical portion 27 into which the mouth portion of the header 10 is fitted is formed inside 0, and when the hollow fiber cartridge filter B1 is housed inside the loading case B2, the O
The ring 18 is in close contact. Further, a plurality of ribs 28, ... Are vertically provided below the inside of the outer cylinder 19 to hold the lower portion of the storage container 9 without rattling. And
An outflow pipe 29 is projected from the upper end of the upper lid 20, and one end of a connection hose 30 is connected to the outflow pipe 29.
1 is connected.

Here, the hollow fiber membrane 12 must withstand not only filtration pressure but also vibration and tensile load on the hollow fiber that occurs when a large amount of fluid is filtered. Therefore, the tensile strength per hollow fiber needs to be 100 g or more, more preferably 150 g or more. The maximum elongation is required to be 20%, more preferably 30% or more. Moreover, it is possible to analytically set the inner diameter that maximizes the water permeation rate of the pre-filter B while maintaining the strength of the hollow fiber membrane 12. If the hollow fiber is made thin, the effective filtration area of the hollow fiber that can be stored can be increased, but when water is filtered from the outside of the hollow fiber like the ordinary pleated cartridge filter, the filtered water flowing inside the hollow fiber is filtered. Pressure loss increases. Therefore, there is an optimum value of the dimension of the hollow fiber that maximizes the water permeation rate of the prefilter B corresponding to the water permeability coefficient of the hollow fiber.

For example, the water permeability coefficient of the hollow fiber is 1000,
5000 and 10000 (l / m ² · hr · kg / cm
^In the case of ² ), the water permeation rate when using the pre-filter B depends to some extent on the wall thickness of the hollow fiber required to maintain the strength, but becomes maximum at approximately 300 μm, 400 μm and 500 μm, respectively. At this time, the water permeation rate as a standard size cartridge filter corresponding to the pleated cartridge filter is 0.1 kg / cm.
^At a filtration pressure of ² , approximately 4, 11, 17 (l /
min).

As a material for such a hollow fiber membrane 12,
Polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyfluorinated ethylene, cellulose acetate, regenerated cellulose, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyester, aromatic polymers, etc. It is possible to use a fibrillated product. Further, among the aromatic polymers, aromatic polyether, aromatic polyester, aromatic polyamide, aromatic polyimide, and aromatic polysulfone can be mentioned. Of these, chemical resistance, mechanical strength, heat resistance,
Aromatic polysulfones such as polyether sulfone and polyallyl ether sulfone having excellent basic properties such as filtration properties are particularly preferable, and polysulfones can also be preferably used.

By the way, in order to filter water through a membrane having a finite contact angle with respect to water, it is necessary to pressurize above a certain pressure, which is usually called minimum osmotic pressure. In the case of the hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane made of the above-mentioned material, this contact angle is large and the minimum osmotic pressure is accordingly large. If the membrane is completely hydrophilic, or if it is completely wet with water and the contact angle is 0, then the minimum osmotic pressure will also be 0, but in practice the membrane will not have a practically problematic minimum osmotic pressure. It must be hydrophilic or wet.

In order to impart hydrophilicity to the above-mentioned aromatic polymer type hydrophobic membrane, it is carried out by irreversibly adsorbing the hydrophilic cellulose derivative obtained by previously separating and removing those which are not completely dissolved in the solvent. As a result, a hydrophilic film containing very little eluate can be obtained. Here, as the hydrophilic cellulose derivative, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose are preferable, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds. These hydrophilic cellulose derivatives are easy to handle because they dissolve in water or an alkaline aqueous solution. Further, the solvent used for separating the insoluble portion from these cellulose derivatives is not particularly limited, but for example, water, ethanol, aqueous ethanol solution, ethanol / alkali aqueous solution and the like can be preferably used. Further, as is well known, the molecular weight cutoff can be adjusted by changing the solubility of the fractionation solvent. A large aggregate containing an insoluble portion precipitated by fractionation can be filtered with a filter paper or the like, but in the case of spontaneous precipitation, a component containing no insoluble portion can be obtained only by collecting the supernatant solution.

The number average molecular weight of the cellulose derivative that is usually available is about 10,000 to 300,000 (for example, refer to the section on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia).
Since the proportion of the insoluble portion increases as the molecular weight increases, it is preferable to select a raw material having a molecular weight as small as possible before fractionation. When the insoluble portion was separated from such a raw material by the above method, the number average molecular weight was 2000.
~ 8000 cellulose derivatives are obtained.

According to the studies by the present inventors, hydroxypropyl cellulose having a content of methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl group of about 1/10 of hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose having a low degree of substitution adsorb more strongly than hydroxypropyl cellulose. Therefore, the aromatic residue, that is, the hydrophobic binding group for polysulfone is the glucose residue itself which is a cellulose skeleton, and the hydroxypropyl group imparts hydrophilicity like the methoxy group, but reverses the hydrophobic binding for polysulfone. Based on the finding that it interferes with the use of a cellulose derivative, the amount of these substituents is about 40% or less in order to exert a strong irreversible bond, and about 10% or more in order to impart hydrophilicity. Have been found to be preferable. When such a cellulose derivative is used, even if the molecular weight is less than 10,000, it can be strongly irreversibly adsorbed to polysulfone and can be imparted with hydrophilicity. However, when the molecular weight is less than 2000, the binding force also decreases.

The above-mentioned solution of the cellulose derivative is impregnated into the hydrophobic membrane for irreversible adsorption, but a small amount of alcohol such as ethanol may be added to the solution for rapid impregnation. The concentration of the cellulose derivative is about 50 to 1000 ppm, and the hydrophobic membrane is brought into contact with the solution of the cellulose derivative within 10 minutes to 2 hours. Here, in the case of impregnation, if the hydrophobic membrane is wet with water in advance, it may be simply immersed in the solution of the cellulose derivative, and if it is dry, it is forcibly pressed.

An example of specifically producing the hydrophilic hollow fiber membrane by this method will be described below. A solution of 20 parts by weight of polyallyl ether sulfone (P-3500, Teijin Amoco Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd.) and 80 parts by weight of dimethylsulfoxide is kept at 70 ° C. in air from a double tubular nozzle together with a propylene glycol aqueous solution containing a small amount of water. To about 10 cm below the nozzle, infiltrate it into warm water, and then wind it up.
m hollow fibers were prepared. After bundling the hollow fibers, the hollow fibers were washed with hot water until the remaining amount of dimethyl sulfoxide was about 1 ppm. Then, the average molecular weight of the hollow fiber bundle is 25
500p of 00 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
After impregnating the pm aqueous solution with showering at 40 ° C. for 1 hour, water was immediately showered at 50 ° C. for 1 hour to wash away the aqueous solution of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. This hollow fiber bundle was dried at 90 ° C. to prepare a desired hydrophilic hollow fiber membrane.

As a method of wetting the hydrophobic membrane with water, a solution having a small contact angle with the membrane is brought into contact with the membrane, and the entire membrane is wet with the solution, and then the solution is replaced with water. As the solution, a so-called organic solvent, a mixed solution of two or more kinds of organic solvents, an aqueous solution of an organic solvent, an aqueous solution of an organic substance, or the like can be used. As the organic solvent, various alcohols such as methanol and ethanol and acetone are preferable. Further, the organic substance is preferably a surfactant or the like. As a method for wetting the entire hollow fiber membrane with these solutions, a usual method can be used. The method of passing the solution through the hollow fiber membrane is preferable to the method of immersing the hollow fiber membrane in the solution. Then, it is washed with water to replace the substance attached to the membrane with water. Even if the hydrophobic membrane is simply wetted with water by such a method, the hydrophilicity can be imparted, and if the wet state can be maintained without being dried until actually used, the tentative purpose can be achieved. in this way,
Although the membrane has hydrophilicity because more than a certain amount of water molecules are attached to the membrane surface and pores of the hydrophobic membrane, the required amount of water varies depending on the material and structure of the membrane, It is usually 5 to 30% of the membrane weight. The effect does not change even if it contains more water, and there is no problem.

Further, the hollow fiber type cartridge filter B
It is preferable that the whole of No. 1 is sterilized. Specific examples of the sterilization method include ethylene oxide gas sterilization, autoclave sterilization, γ-ray sterilization and the like. In order to prevent recontamination after the sterilization operation and maintain the desired effect until the time of use, it is necessary to seal the cartridge filter with a sterilizable film material having a high gas barrier property depending on the environment. is there. Various commercially available sterilization bags can be used for this. Further, it may be sealed in a plastic container for the purpose of reinforcing the maintenance of the effect.

For example, a hollow fiber cartridge filter B1 having a hollow fiber membrane made of polysulfone is immersed in an aqueous 30% ethanol solution for 10 minutes, and then water is passed through to remove ethanol, and at the same time, the membrane is wetted with water to immediately sterilize the bag. And sealed under reduced pressure, then at 121 ° C under pressurized steam 1
Time processed. After leaving at room temperature for 1 week, the hollow fiber cartridge filter was taken out from the sterilization bag and filtered with water. Immediately after the air on the raw water side was expelled, water was passed at a filtration pressure of 150 mmHg at 20 l / min (l / min), and the minimum osmotic pressure did not exceed the filtration pressure. No bacteria were detected in the filtrate.

Next, the filtration tank C will be described in detail.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the filtration tank C is a housing 32 made of a heat-resistant synthetic resin filled with a special filtration material, and the housing 32 has a cylindrical filtration tank main body 33. A cap 34 is hermetically attached to the upper end of the cap 34, and the other end of the connecting hose 30 is connected to the threaded inflow pipe 35 projecting from the cap 34 by screwing a cap 36, and the primary passage passes through the pre-filter B. The filtrate is further filtered with a filter material. And the bottom surface 3 of the housing 32
7 is fitted to the mounting base 4, and a threaded outflow pipe 38 projecting from the bottom surface 37 is inserted into the through hole 6, and a cap 39 is screwed into the outflow pipe 38 so that the filtration tank C
Is attached to the base member 1 in a standing state, and at the same time, the outflow hose 40 is connected. In the figure, 35a is an inlet, 3
8a is an outlet.

FIG. 3 shows an essential part of a typical embodiment of the filtration tank C. In the figure, 32 is a housing, 41 is a first sand layer, 42 is an activated carbon layer, 43 is a second sand layer, 44. Is a Taiseki stone layer, 45 is a first magnetite layer, 46 is a ceramic layer, 4
Reference numeral 7 is a second magnetite layer, 48 is a barley stone layer, 51 is a perforated filter, 52 is a non-woven filter, 53 is a partition net, and 60-1, 60-2 and 60-3 are magnet plates.

The first sand layer 41 and the second sand layer 43 are layers of white sand obtained by specially treating igneous rock shirasu, and the activated carbon layer 42 is a layer of granular activated carbon. By these, residual chlorine, organic substances, harmful substances (eg trihalomethane), red rust, impurities, musty odor, etc. are mainly removed. Further, the Taisekiseki layer 44 and the Bakuhanseki layer 48 are formed by depositing fine pieces of Taisekiseki and Bakuhanseki, respectively, and mainly adjust water quality (pH and the like) and supply minerals. The activated carbon layer 42 is not limited to granular activated carbon, and fibrous activated carbon can be used as appropriate.

The first magnetite ore layer 45 and the second magnetite ore layer 47 are formed by depositing pieces of magnetite ore in layers.
It is magnetized by the magnetic field of a magnet described later, removes heavy metals and magnetizes water molecules to activate them.
Further, the ceramic layer 46 is formed by layering granular ceramics obtained by specially treating white sand obtained by specially treating igneous rock shirasu at a higher temperature (eg, 1100 ° C.), activating water molecules by far infrared irradiation and deteriorating water quality. Prevent.

The perforated filter 51 is made of a plastic plate having a large number of fine holes formed on almost the entire surface thereof, and separates and holds the above-mentioned layers together with the well-known nonwoven fabric filter 52 and partition net 53.

All the magnet plates 60-1 to 60-3 have the same structure, and as shown in FIG. 4, three coin-shaped magnets 61 and a plastic plate provided with a large number of fine holes (not shown) on almost the entire surface. Each of the three magnets 61 is composed of a spacer 62 made of, for example, three magnets 61. It is designed to be held in a position divided into three equal parts at an angle of 120 °. The magnet 61 is a strong magnet whose surface is coated with plastic or the like (for example, residual magnetic flux density 12000 gauss),
It is magnetized in the axial direction.

Thus, in the main body 11 of the housing 32, the layers, the filters and the plates described above are denoted by reference numerals 51, 52, 41, 52, 53, downward from the upper part thereof.
42, 52, 60-1, 52, 43, 52, 53, 4
4, 53, 52, 45, 52, 60-2, 46, 53,
52, 47, 52, 60-3, 48, 52, 51 are stacked in this order to form a filtration tank. At this time, the magnet plates 60-1 to 60-3 are the magnet plates 6
0-1 and 60-2 spacing and magnet plate 60-
2 and 60-3 are substantially the same in distance, and the respective magnets 61 are positioned so that the positions thereof match in the vertical direction.
All of the magnets 0 to 3 are arranged such that their magnetic lines of force are aligned with each other, in particular, so that they are opposite to the flow of water, and the lines of magnetic force are aligned with the flow of water.

According to this filtration tank, the magnetic lines of force of the magnets 61 of the magnet plates 60-1 to 60-3 are combined with each other to reinforce each other, particularly in the upward direction, that is, along the flow of water and in the opposite direction. Uniform and strong magnetic field 63
Further, since the magnetic field 63 strongly magnetizes the entire first magnetite ore layer 45 and the second magnetite ore layer 47, water molecules are generated between the magnet plate 60-1 and the magnet plate 60-3. , In particular the first magnetite ore layer 45 and the second
When passing through the magnetite ore layer 47, the magnetism is effectively magnetized. Further, the magnetic field 63 and the first magnetite ore layer 45 and the second magnetite ore layer 4 magnetized by the magnetic field 63.
Since the magnetic field generated by 7 passes through the ceramic layer 46, the activation of water molecules by far-infrared irradiation is further enhanced. The operation of each of the other layers is the same as in the case of the conventional filtration tank.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the filter tank C. In the figure, the same components as those of the embodiment of FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals. That is, 32 is a housing, 41 is a first sand layer, 42 is an activated carbon layer, 43 is a second sand layer, 44 is a Taisekiseki layer, 45 is a first magnetite ore layer, 46 is a ceramic layer, 4
Reference numeral 7 is a second magnetite layer, 48 is a barley stone layer, 51 is a perforated filter, 52 is a non-woven filter, 53 is a partition net, and 60-1, 60-2 and 60-3 are magnet plates.

The construction of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment of FIG. 3, but the thickness of the activated carbon layer 42 is expanded to about 1/2 of the entire housing, that is, the magnet plate 60-1.
Is disposed between the second sand layer 43 and the Taiseki stone layer 44, and the magnet plate 60-3 is connected to the ceramic layer 46 and the second layer.
Of the magnetite ore layer 47, the point except the partition member between the Taiseki stone layer 44 and the first magnetite ore layer 45, and the partition member between the second magnetite ore layer 47 and the barley stone layer 48. The difference is that it is excluded.

According to this filtration tank, residual chlorine, organic substances, harmful substances, red rust, impurities, mold odor, etc. can be more strongly removed by the thickness of the activated carbon tank 42, and each magnet plate 60-1. As the interval of ~ 60-3 became narrower,
A stronger magnetic field is formed, and the magnetic field and the first and second magnetite ore layers 45 and 4 magnetized thereby
The magnetic field of 7 further enhances the magnetization treatment of water molecules and the activation of water molecules by far-infrared irradiation of the ceramic layer 46.

FIG. 6 shows still another embodiment of the filter tank C. In the figure, the same components as those of the embodiment of FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals. That is, 32 is a housing, 41 is a first sand layer, 42 is an activated carbon layer, 43 is a second sand layer, 44 is a Taisekiseki layer, 45 is a first magnetite ore layer, 46 is a ceramic layer, 4
Reference numeral 7 is a second magnetite layer, 48 is a barley stone layer, 51 is a perforated filter, 52 is a non-woven filter, 53 is a partition net, and 60-1, 60-2 and 60-3 are magnet plates.

The constitution of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment of FIG. 3, but the thickness of the activated carbon layer 42 is expanded to about 1/2 of the entire housing, that is, the magnet plate 60-1.
Is arranged between the first sand layer 41 and the activated carbon layer 42, and the magnet plate 60-2 is arranged between the Taisekiseki layer 44 and the first magnetite ore layer 45.

According to this filtration tank, residual chlorine, organic substances, harmful substances, red rust, impurities, mold odor, etc. can be more strongly removed by the thickness of the activated carbon layer 42, and the magnet plate 60-1 can be removed. Since it is arranged at the upper portion, an average magnetic field is formed in the entire filtration tank, and the magnetic field magnetizes water molecules in the entire filtration tank.

In the water treatment apparatus of the present invention as described above, when the raw water supplied from the inflow hose 26 connected to the water pipe is poured into the loading case B2 constituting the prefilter B from the inflow pipe 24 at the lower end. The raw water enters the storage container 9 through the introduction holes 16, ... Of the hollow fiber type cartridge filter B1 and is permeated from the outside of the hollow fiber membranes 12 ,. The filtrate passing through the inside of the hollow fiber membrane 12 overflows from the end of the hollow fiber membrane 12 opened on the upper surface of the potting material 13, and passes through the connection hose 30 connected to the outflow pipe 29 at the upper end, Water is poured into the housing 32 from the inflow pipe 35 at the upper end of the filter tank C arranged in parallel with the pre-filter B, and various treatments are internally performed as described above and treated by the outflow hose 40 connected to the outflow pipe 38 at the lower end. Water is discharged. Here, since the pre-filter B and the filtration tank C are connected to each other at the upper end portion by the connection hose 30, the length of the connection hose 30 can be shortened, thereby reducing the pressure loss in the connection hose 30. It can be suppressed to the minimum.

Next, a first method for manufacturing a hollow fiber membrane bundle in which a large number of hollow fiber membranes 12, ... Are bundled will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 shows a winding step in manufacturing the hollow fiber membrane bundle according to the present invention, in which a continuous hollow fiber membrane 12 is wound around a rotating biaxial cassette 70 while traversing with a traverse 71. The method is the same as the conventional method, except that
0 is greatly different in that winding portions 72, 72 that are curved in a semicircular shape are provided in the directions approaching each other.

As shown in FIG. 8, the winding portion 72 of the cassette 70 has a semicircular shape having a diameter D substantially equal to the minimum diameter of the axial section of the straight portion 12a of the hollow fiber membrane bundle and has a thickness. D
Is set to 20% or less of the diameter D. FIG. 8 (b) shows an axial cross section of the loop portion 12b of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, and the space of the loop portion 12b by the cassette 70 is dispersed in the axial direction. In one cross section, only the contact portion with the cassette 70 is formed. Therefore, there is almost no difference in cross-sectional diameter between the loop portion 12b and the straight portion 12a of the bundle, and the cassette 70
It can be seen that the outer shape of the bundle removed from is a cylindrical shape. Further, FIG. 8A is a view of the loop portion 12b of the bundle of hollow fiber membranes viewed from the axial direction, and it can be seen that the hollow fiber membrane 12 at the center of the loop portion 12b of the bundle is the shortest.

Twill is given by reciprocating the traverse 71 with a width substantially equal to the winding width while winding the hollow fiber membrane 12 around the cassette 70. When this reciprocating cycle is shortened, the number of intersections of the hollow fiber membranes 12 increases, the outer shape of the bundle becomes thick (that is, the packing density of the hollow fiber membranes 12 is small), and the shape is retained more strongly.

The number of reciprocations of the traverse 71 required to maintain the shape of the hollow fiber membrane bundle by the hollow fiber membrane itself is as follows.
Approximately 1 to 3 per 0 revolution. When this value is 1, the maximum diameter of the cross section of the loop portion 12b is 12
It becomes about 1.15 times the minimum diameter of a, and both are substantially equal at 2 and about 0.95 times smaller at 3. Within this range, not only the hollow fiber membrane itself retains the shape of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, but also the packing density of the hollow fiber membrane in the hollow fiber membrane bundle and the commonly used cylindrical container of this hollow fiber membrane bundle. There is no unevenness in the packing state of the hollow fiber membrane bundle when accommodated in, and the fluid flows uniformly over the entire hollow fiber membrane.

The outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane used in the present invention is about 400 to 2000 μm. If the thickness is 400 μm or less, the thickness of the hull becomes small, and the hollow fiber membrane is likely to be crushed at the contact portion with the hull. When the thickness is 2000 μm or more, not only the hollow fiber membrane itself has the strength to retain the shape of the hollow fiber membrane bundle without being traversed, but the gap between the hollow fiber membranes is naturally formed to such a degree that it does not pose a problem in practice. However, the packing density of the hollow fiber membrane is lowered and the effective membrane area is reduced, which is not preferable. In addition, the number of hollow fiber membranes that can be wound on a cassette in which the present invention can be carried out depends on the thickness of the hollow fiber membranes, but the thickness of the hollow fiber membranes is 20.
About 100 or more at 00 μm, about 2 at 400 μm
It is more than 000. In addition, the hollow fiber membrane sent to the cassette is 1
There is no particular limitation in the range of 20 to 20 books. When the number of hollow fiber membranes exceeds 20, the density of this set of hollow fiber membranes inevitably increases, and the packing density of the hollow fiber membranes in the entire bundle of hollow fiber membranes becomes excessively large. It becomes easy to peel off, which is not preferable. The length of the hollow fiber membrane bundle is not particularly limited, but is usually several cm to about 1
m.

The hollow fiber membrane which can be effectively implemented by the above-mentioned production method is one obtained by dry-wet spinning, which is in an undried state, more preferably the solvent remains and the coagulation is completely completed. There is no such thing. By dry-wet spinning, for example, hollow fiber membranes such as polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, cellulose acetate, polysulfone, and polyethersulfone have been produced, but they are all flexible in the undried state,
It is taken up by a cassette without loosening. When dried in this state, the state of the hollow fiber membrane bundle is memorized and fixed as it is. That is, when the hollow fiber membrane in a state where the solvent remains and the coagulation is not completely finished is wound up and the coagulation is finished in this state, the hollow fiber membrane bundle is removed from the cassette and dried to obtain a hollow. The state of the ligament bundle is maintained.

After the hollow fiber membrane 12 is wound around the cassettes 70, 70, the central two locations of the hollow fiber membrane bundle are bound by the bands 73, and the space between them is cut into the state shown in FIG. The hollow fiber membrane bundle is obtained by pulling out from the hollow fiber membrane bundle. Then, hot water is sprinkled on the hollow fiber membrane bundle to further remove the remaining solvent, and then the hollow fiber membrane bundle is dried at 90 ° C. until a constant weight is obtained.

FIG. 10 shows a winding step in manufacturing the hollow fiber membrane bundle by the second manufacturing method, in which the continuous hollow fiber membrane 12 is rotated by a biaxial cassette 70.
In addition, the method of winding while traversing the traverse 71 is the same as the conventional method. However, in the case 70, one or more rod-shaped projections 7 are formed in the winding portion 72 of the hollow fiber membrane substantially in the diameter direction of the case.
The point that 4 is provided is greatly different.

Further, as shown in FIG. 11, when the winding portion 72 of the cassette 70 is formed in a semicircular shape having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the axial section of the linear portion 12a of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, the loop portion 12b is formed. The difference between the diameter of the cross section and the diameter of the cross section of the straight portion 12a becomes small, and the entire bundle is uniformly accommodated in the container for storing the hollow fiber membrane bundle, so that the flow of the fluid to be treated becomes more uniform.

FIG. 12 (a) shows an axial cross section of the bundle containing the cassette when wound by the cassette 70 of FIG.
2 (b) shows a sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the bundle at the position of the arrow in FIG. 12 (a). The rod-shaped projection 74 provides the loop portion 12b with a space communicating with the linear portion 12a. This space serves to uniformly supply the liquid to the center of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. As shown in FIG. 12B, by using the cassette 70 having the shape shown in FIG. 11, the area of the cassette occupying each cross section of the loop portion 12 b is small, and the loop portion 12
The difference between the diameter of the cross section of b and the diameter of the cross section of the straight portion 12a becomes small.

Aya uses the hollow fiber membrane 12 and the cassette 70 as described above.
It is given by reciprocating the traverse 71 with a width substantially equal to the winding width while winding it up. In this case, the number of reciprocations of the traverse 71 required for maintaining the shape of the hollow fiber membrane bundle by the hollow fiber membrane itself is approximately 1 to 5 per one rotation of the cassette 70. When this reciprocating cycle is shortened, the number of intersections of the hollow fiber membranes 12 increases, and the outer diameter of the bundle is large (that is, the packing density of the hollow fiber membranes 12 is small).
The shape is held stronger. Within this range, not only the hollow fiber membrane itself retains the shape of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, but also the packing density of the hollow fiber membrane in the hollow fiber membrane bundle and the hollow fiber membrane bundle are stored in a cylindrical storage container. The filling state between the hollow fiber membrane bundle and the storage container at this time is also uniform, and the fluid flows uniformly over the entire hollow fiber membrane.

FIG. 13 shows a rod-shaped projection 74 in the loop surface direction of the hollow fiber membrane 12 of the hollow fiber type cartridge filter B1 assembled by a known method using the hollow fiber membrane bundle manufactured as described above. FIG. 14 shows a cross section including the space 75 formed, and FIG. 14 shows a cross section perpendicular to the loop surface and including the space 75 formed by the rod-shaped protrusions 74.

Finally, a concrete production example of the most preferable hollow fiber membrane bundle will be briefly described. Polysulfone (Teijin Amoco Engineering Plastics Co., P-3500)
20 parts by weight (hereinafter the same), 66 parts of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 9 parts of propylene glycol, and 5 parts of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 300,000 were used as the spinning dope.
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 60 while maintaining at 60 ° C
11 and the coagulation liquid inside the hollow fiber consisting of 40 parts of propylene glycol are extruded into the air from a double tubular nozzle, penetrated into water at 70 ° C. about 20 cm below and run for about 3 m, and then shown in FIG. Further, two rod-shaped projections 74 made of round rods having a diameter of 8 mm are provided on the semi-circular winding portion 72 having a diameter of about 60 mm. The distance between the cassettes 70, 70 is about 45 cm. To be about 6 cm 32
I wound up 00. At this time, the traverse 71 makes almost two reciprocations during one rotation of the cassette 70 so that the hollow fiber membrane 1
A hollow fiber membrane bundle was prepared while twill 2 was applied. Also, water was sprinkled on the bundle during winding so that coagulation would proceed.

Then, the bundle of the hollow fiber membranes 12 wound on the cassette 70 was bound with the bands 73 at the two central positions, and the gaps were cut to take out two hollow fiber membrane bundles having a total length of about 25 cm. These bundles were placed in a gutter, and a 30% by volume acetone aqueous solution and then warm water were showered in order to remove the residual solvent and polyethylene glycol, and then the band was hung with a wire to dry the bundle.

This hollow fiber membrane does not pass particles having a size of 0.5 μm, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter are 500 μm and 800, respectively.
μm. Moreover, as a result of winding a paper tape around the straight line portion 12a and the loop portion 12b of the hollow fiber membrane bundle and measuring the corresponding diameter of each portion from the length, 56
mm and 60 mm, the maximum diameter of the loop portion 12b was about 1.07 times the minimum diameter of the straight portion 12a. A space 75 having a diameter of about 8 mm was formed by the rod-shaped projection 74 in the loop portion 12b.

[0076]

The water treatment apparatus of the present invention as described above is
The following remarkable effects are achieved.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, by sending the filtrate obtained by removing fine impurities and microorganisms from the raw water by the pre-filter to the filtration tank, the proliferation of microorganisms in the filtration tank is prevented and the filtration tank has an eye. Prevents clogging, removes residual chlorine, organic substances, harmful substances (eg trihalomethane), red rust, impurities, mold odor, etc. in the filter tank, and
(H, etc.) is adjusted, minerals are replenished, and the water molecules are activated more effectively by magnetizing treatment and far infrared irradiation.
You can get delicious water. In particular, since the prefilter has hydrophilicity imparted to the hollow fiber membrane and the minimum osmotic pressure is low, it can be used immediately by the water pressure of ordinary tap water, and can be backwashed by an external pressure filtration method. Therefore, when the filtration performance is lowered, the function can be restored by backwashing, and the life of the water treatment device can be extended (3 to 5 years). Further, in the filtration tank, the magnetic fields of the magnets arranged above and below the layer on which the granular ceramics are deposited combine with each other to reinforce each other, and moreover, because the direction is along the flow of water, water molecules are removed. Magnetization can be effectively performed, and since the magnetic field passes through the layer in which the granular ceramics are deposited, activation of water molecules by far infrared irradiation of the granular ceramics can be further enhanced. Further, since the water treatment device of the present invention has a large treatment flow rate, it can be used not only for drinking water or cooking water but also for bath water or shower. In addition, since the plurality of hollow fiber membranes are folded back in a loop shape having a plurality of intersections, respectively, the shape of the hollow fiber membranes is self-maintained in a bundled state, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle is formed at the open end of the storage container. Since it is focused and fixed by potting material at various places and not fixed by the shape-retaining material, it does not hinder the swaying or vibration of the hollow fiber membrane that naturally occurs due to the flow of fluid, thereby further suppressing clogging. . Further, since the straight fiber portion and the loop portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle have a substantially circular cross section, the hollow fiber membrane bundle can be densely packed in the storage container and is easy to handle.

According to the second aspect, the density of the filled state of the hollow fiber membrane is substantially uniform in the straight line portion and the loop portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, the flow of the fluid is made uniform, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle is formed. The loading operation into the storage container for storing the fluid is simplified, the space between the container and the container is made uniform, and the hollow fiber membrane in the center of the loop part where the fluid reaches the slowest is bundled so that the length is the shortest. By doing so, the filtration characteristics of all hollow fiber membranes are averaged.

According to the third aspect, the fluid is mainly dispersed from the large fluid passage near the loop portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle to the hollow fiber membrane through the space provided in the loop portion, and the fiber axis of the hollow fiber membrane is dispersed. The flow along the direction reduces the shearing force on the hollow fiber membrane near the potting material and prevents the hollow fiber membrane from being cut at this portion. Further, the space provided in the loop portion increases the supply of the liquid to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane bundle to improve the filtration performance as a whole.

According to the fourth aspect, the whole layer of the magnetite ore is magnetized by the magnetic field of the magnet, and the magnetic field is effectively applied to all the water molecules passing through the layer of the magnetite ore. be able to.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, it is arranged between the activated carbon layer and the second sand layer, between the first magnetite ore layer and the ceramic layer, and between the second magnetite ore layer and the barleystone layer. The magnetic lines of force of the magnets are coupled to each other and reinforce each other to form a strong magnetic field in the vertical direction, that is, along the flow of water, and the magnetic field strengthens the entire first and second magnetite ore layers. As it is magnetized, when passing through the first and second magnetite layers,
A magnetic field can be effectively applied to the water molecules, and since the magnetic field described above and the magnetic fields generated by the first and second magnetite layers magnetized by the magnetic field pass through the ceramic layer,
The activation of water molecules by far-infrared irradiation can be further enhanced.

According to claim 6, it is arranged between the second sand layer and the Taiseki stone layer, between the first magnetite ore layer and the ceramic layer, and between the ceramic layer and the second magnetite ore layer. The magnetic lines of force of the magnets are coupled to each other and reinforce each other to form a strong magnetic field in the vertical direction, that is, along the flow of water, and the magnetic field strengthens the entire first and second magnetite ore layers. Since it is magnetized, it is possible to effectively apply a magnetic field to water molecules, especially when passing through the first and second magnetite layers.
In addition, the above-mentioned magnetic field and the first magnetized by this
Further, since the magnetic field generated by the second magnetite ore layer passes through the ceramic layer, the activation of water molecules by far infrared irradiation can be further enhanced.

According to the seventh aspect, between the first sand layer and the activated carbon layer, between the Taiseki stone layer and the first magnetite ore layer, and the second layer.
Magnetic field lines of a magnet arranged between the magnetite ore layer and the boiled stone layer are mutually coupled to enhance each other, forming a strong magnetic field in the vertical direction of the entire filtration tank, that is, along the flow of water, Further, since the entire first and second magnetite ore layers are strongly magnetized by the magnetic field, when passing through the entire filtration tank, especially the first and second magnetite ore layers, a magnetic field is effectively applied to water molecules. In addition, since the magnetic field described above and the magnetic fields generated by the first and second magnetite ore layers magnetized by the magnetic field pass through the ceramic layer, the activation of water molecules by far infrared irradiation can be further enhanced. it can.

According to the eighth aspect, the magnetic field generated by the magnets arranged between the layers becomes uniform, and the water molecules are effectively magnetized and the far-infrared irradiation of the granular ceramics activates the water molecules more effectively. Done.

According to the ninth aspect, a substantially uniform magnetic field can be generated over the entire layer, and the water molecules are more effectively activated by magnetizing the water molecules and irradiating the granular ceramic with far infrared rays.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the magnetization treatment of water molecules and the activation of water molecules by far-infrared irradiation of granular ceramics are more effectively performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a partial cross section of a water treatment device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing a partial cross section of a hollow fiber type cartridge filter used in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a typical embodiment of the filtration tank used in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a magnet plate.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the filtration tank.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing still another embodiment of the filtration tank.

FIG. 7 is a schematic explanatory view showing a state in which the hollow fiber membrane is wound around a cassette by the manufacturing method of the present invention.

[Fig. 8] Fig. 8 also shows a loop portion of a hollow fiber membrane bundle wound around a cassette, (a) is an axial cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, and (b) is a plan view of the loop portion as seen from the axial direction. is there.

FIG. 9 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the hollow fiber membrane bundle of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory view showing a state in which a hollow fiber membrane is wound up by the method of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a more preferable state in which the hollow fiber membrane is wound by the method of the present invention.

FIG. 12 shows a loop portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle wound with the cassette of FIG. 2, (a) is an axial cross-sectional view of the bundle including the cassette,
(B) shows the sectional view on the AA line in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the bundle at the position of the arrow in (a).

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view in the loop surface direction of the hollow fiber membrane-type cartridge filter of the present invention assembled using the hollow fiber membrane bundle prepared by the method of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane bundle in a direction perpendicular to the loop surface.

FIG. 15 is a simplified explanatory view showing a state in which a hollow fiber membrane is wound around a cassette by a conventional manufacturing method.

FIG. 16 shows a loop portion of a hollow fiber membrane bundle that is also wound on a cassette, (a) is an axial cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, (b)
FIG. 4 is a sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction.

FIG. 17 shows a loop portion of a hollow fiber membrane bundle wound around a cassette so that the cross section becomes a semicircle shape, (a) is an axial sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, and (b) is an axial direction. It is a sectional view of a direction perpendicular to.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A main body case B pre-filter B1 hollow fiber cartridge filter B2 loading case 1 base member 2 cover 3 mounting base 4 mounting base 5 through hole 6 through hole 7 leg 8 lower opening 9 storage container 10 header 11 bottom 12 hollow fiber membrane 12a Straight part 12b Loop part 13 Potting material 14 Wedge ring 15 Adhesive surface 16 Introduction hole (fluid passage) 17 Flow passage 18 O-ring 19 Outer cylinder 20 Upper lid 21 O-ring 22 Tightening tool 23 Bottom 24 Inflow pipe 25 Mouth 26 Inflow hose 27 Cylindrical part 28 Rib 29 Outflow pipe 30 Connection hose 31 Base 32 Housing 33 Filtration tank body 34 Cap 35 Inflow pipe 35a Inlet port 36 Base 37 Bottom face 38 Outflow pipe 38a Outlet port 39 Base 40 Outflow hose 41 First sand layer 42 Activated carbon layer 43 Second sand layer 4 Taiseki stone layer 45 1st magnetite ore layer 46 Ceramic layer 47 2nd magnetite ore layer 48 Bourneishi layer 51 Perforated filter 52 Nonwoven filter 53 Partition net 60-1, 60-2, 60-3 Magnet plate 61 Magnet 62 Spacer 62a Storage hole 63 Magnetic field 70 Case 71 Traverse 72 Winding part 73 Band 74 Rod-like protrusion 75 Space

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Office reference number FI Technical display location C02F 1/48 C02F 1/48 A 1/68 510 1/68 510B 520 520P 520V 530 530B 540 540A 540B 540D 540F 540Z

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A water treatment device comprising a prefilter and a filtration tank, wherein the prefilter has a plurality of hollow fiber membranes each having a plurality of intersections and folded back in a loop shape, and a straight line portion and A hollow fiber membrane bundle whose loop portion has a substantially circular cross-section is focused and fixed at one point in the storage container at its open end using a potting material, so that the hollow fiber membrane is self-supported and the hollow fiber membrane is hydrophilic. It is an external pressure filtration type backwashable hollow fiber type filter provided, and the filtration tank has granular activated carbon, sand, etc. in a cylindrical housing having a water inlet and a water outlet at one end and the other end, respectively. In a layered manner, and at least one magnet is arranged above and below the layer in which the granular ceramics are deposited so that their magnetic lines of force are aligned with each other and the direction is along the flow of water. Ri, wherein after raw water filtered by prefilter, filtering the filtrate through the filtration tank, the water treatment apparatus characterized by comprising activated. 2. The hollow fiber membrane bundle has a semi-circular shape in which a hollow fiber membrane produced by dry-wet spinning is approximately equal to a minimum diameter of a cross section of a straight portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction. And the thickness is 20% or less of the diameter, and is wound while being twilled by a biaxial taper, and is formed by bundling and cutting at the central portion, and the maximum loop portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle is formed. The diameter is 0.95 to 1.15 times the minimum diameter of the straight part,
The water treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the hollow fiber membrane at the center of the loop portion is set to have the shortest length. 3. The hollow fiber membrane bundle is formed by winding a hollow fiber membrane produced by dry-wet spinning with a biaxial cassette having one or more rod-shaped projections in the diameter direction, winding the hollow fiber membrane, and bundling the bundle at the central portion. By cutting and forming the hollow fiber membrane bundle, a space communicating with one or more straight portions is formed in the loop portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle has a small fluid passage near the focusing and fixing portion and the vicinity of the loop portion. The water treatment device according to claim 1 or 2, which is stored in a storage container having a large fluid passage therein. 4. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a layer of magnetite ore is interposed on at least one of the upper and lower sides of the layer of granular ceramics. 5. The filter tank deposits sand, granular activated carbon, sand, taiseki stone, magnetite ore, granular ceramics, magnetite ore and barley stone in layers from the top to form a first sand layer, activated carbon layer, and 2 sand layers, Taiseki stone layer, 1st magnetite ore layer, ceramic layer, 2nd magnetite ore layer and barley stone layer, and the 1st magnetite ore layer between the activated carbon layer and the 2nd sand layer And at least one magnet between the ceramic layer and the second magnetite ore layer and the barley stone layer, respectively, so that the directions of their magnetic lines of force coincide with each other and the directions are along the flow of water. The water treatment device according to claim 1. 6. The first tank, the activated carbon layer, the activated carbon layer, and The second sand layer, the Taiseki stone layer, the first magnetite ore layer, the ceramic layer, the second magnetite ore layer and the barley stone layer are formed, and the first magnetite ore is formed between the second sand layer and the Taiseki stone layer. Between at least one magnet and at least one magnet between the ceramic layer and the ceramic layer and between the ceramic layer and the second magnetite layer, and the magnetic lines of force of the magnets are aligned with each other and the direction is along the flow of water. The water treatment device according to claim 1. 7. The filter tank deposits sand, granular activated carbon, sand, taiseki stone, magnetite ore, granular ceramics, magnetite ore and barley stone in layers from the top to form a first sand layer, activated carbon layer, and 2 sand layers, Taiseki stone layer, 1st magnetite ore layer, ceramic layer, 2nd magnetite ore layer and barley stone layer are formed, and between the 1st sand layer and activated carbon layer, Taiseki stone layer and 1st layer
At least one magnet is arranged between the second magnetite layer and the second magnetite layer and the bakuhanishi layer so that their magnetic lines of force coincide with each other and the direction is along the flow of water. The water treatment device according to claim 1, which is a water treatment device. 8. At least one disposed between layers.
7. The water treatment device according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the magnets in the direction orthogonal to each layer is substantially the same. 9. A magnet arranged between the layers, wherein at least two magnets arranged at positions equally dividing a central angle on the same circle centered on the central axis of the housing are used. Item 9. The water treatment device according to any one of items 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. 10. A magnet, wherein the direction of magnetic lines of force and the direction of water flow are reversed.
The water treatment device according to any one of the above.