JPH09236943A - Toner for developing electrostatic charge image, developer and image forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To ensure a wide temp. region in which offsetting is not caused and to reduce the amt. of a residual toner sticking to a fixing roll by offsetting by incorporating polyolefin having a specified BET specific surface area or over and having polar groups in each molecule. SOLUTION: This toner contains polyolefin having >=5m<2> /g BET specific surface area and having polar groups in each molecule. The domain diameter of the polyolefin is 10-1,000nm. A two-component developer contg. this toner is carried on a developer carrier 2 with a magnet 2B at the inside by the magnetic force of the magnet 2B and it is transferred to a developing region 5 by turning a developing sleeve 2A. At this time, the thickness of a developer layer 6 is regulated by a regulating means 4 so that the layer 6 do not come in contact with a photoreceptor 1 in the developing region 5. The min. width of the region 5 is made larger than the thickness of the developer layer 6 transferred to the region 5.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a toner for developing an electrostatic image without offset, a developer and an image forming method using the toner.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the electrophotographic development system has been used in various fields. For example, it is used not only in copying machines but also in the fields of printers, which are output terminals of computers, color copying machines, color printers, and the like. As this usage progresses, the demand for image quality is increasing. For this reason, as a requirement for the toner itself, various performance improvements such as a wide temperature range in which offset does not occur and less adhesion to the fixing roller are required.

There are various proposals for reducing the toner particle size and improving the image quality in order to improve the image quality, and there is no time to list them. However, in a so-called toner having a small particle size, since the toner itself is small and the adhesive force due to the Van der Waals force is high, it becomes difficult to impart desired chargeability to the toner, and the presence of a weakly chargeable toner There is a large amount of toner that is overcharged or overcharged, fog occurs in the image over long-term use, and problems such as contamination of the carrier in the developing device or two-component development occur, and the durability of the toner decreases. have.

Further, when fixing a toner image to copy paper or the like, there is a problem of an offset phenomenon in which toner adheres to heat and / or pressure fixing rollers and is retransferred to copy paper or the like in the next fixing step. . In order to prevent this phenomenon, it has been practiced to apply a release agent such as silicone oil to the fixing roller in contact with the toner image. Alternatively, for the purpose of improving the fixing performance, a method of containing a polyolefin in the toner has been attempted to increase the amount of the polyolefin added, or to use a polyolefin having a lower melting point, but fusion with a pulverizer or a classifier has been performed. There was also the problem of easy occurrence.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a wide temperature range in which offset does not occur, and to prevent residual toner generated by offset from adhering to a fixing roller. It is to provide a small amount of toner for developing an electrostatic image.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method in which the above-mentioned toner for developing an electrostatic image can be preferably used.

[0007]

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following constitution.

(1) A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, which has a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² / g or more and contains a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule.

(2) A developer comprising a toner having a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² / g or more and containing a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule, and a carrier.

(3) A latent image formed on the electrostatic latent image carrier is an electrostatic charge image containing a polyolefin having a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² / g or more and having a polar group in the molecule. An image forming method comprising developing with a developing toner.

(4) A recording material carrying a toner image composed of at least a resin and a colorant is passed between a moving fixing member and a pressure member rotating in pressure contact with the fixing member,
In an image forming method of fixing a toner image onto a recording material via a fixing member by a heating member fixedly arranged, the toner has a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² / g or more,
An image forming method comprising a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule.

That is, the present invention has a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² /
It is possible to achieve uniform charging and stable charging performance by setting the amount to be g or more and to eliminate the occurrence of the offset phenomenon by using a specific polyolefin. From this, the above polyolefin is used as a toner. Dispersed uniformly in the toner, it has a better fixing performance than conventional toners and has a fixing property that one skilled in the art would not expect.
That is, the present inventors have found that an electrostatic charge image developing toner can be obtained in which the temperature range in which offset does not occur is wide, and the adhesion of residual toner caused by offset to the fixing roller is reduced as much as possible. Is.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The electrostatic charge image developing toner of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the toner of the present invention) has a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² /
It is characterized by containing a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule, which is not less than g and has a domain diameter of 10 to 1 as a preferred embodiment.
000 nm.

As one of the characteristics of the toner of the present invention, B
This means that the ET specific surface area is 5 m ² / g or more. This BET specific surface area is measured by a one-point method of nitrogen adsorption method, specifically, by a Flowsorb 2300 measuring device manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.

Those having an excessively large BET specific surface area have very fine irregularities and are difficult to manufacture. Further, even if a product having such a surface is obtained, it is presumed that it becomes finer than the unevenness that contributes to charging, and the effect is saturated, so from the technical viewpoint, the BET specific surface area is 150 m ² / g. Or less, preferably 100 m ² / g or less, particularly preferably 5 to 50 m ²
/ G. More preferably, it is 5 to 40 m ² / g.

Another feature of the toner of the present invention is that it contains a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule, and the domain diameter of the polyolefin is preferably 10 to 1000 nm. .

As the polar group, it is preferable that any polar group such as sulfo group, phospho group, carboxyl group or salts thereof such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal can be introduced. In the present invention, the method for introducing the polar group into the molecule of the polyolefin includes the following descriptions.

In the present invention, the polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule is preferably a polymer of an olefin component, that is, a polymer of a polyolefin having a polarity such as an acid, or a polyolefin oxidant. It Specifically, a polyolefin and a polymerizable unsaturated compound, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid,
Examples thereof include those consisting of graft copolymers with polarities such as itaconic acid, citraconic acid, fumaric acid and aconitic acid, or oxidation products (carboxyl group etc.) obtained by oxidizing polyolefin. .

Examples of the olefin component include α-
Olefin (having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1
-Hexane, 1-octene, etc.) and homologues having different positions of unsaturated bonds (2-butene, 2-pentene, 3-hexane, etc.) and a mixture of two or more thereof, and of these, α- is preferable. It is an olefin, of which propylene is particularly preferred.

The olefin component may be a copolymer containing a monomer other than the olefin, and examples of the monomer other than the olefin include vinyl ethers, vinyl esters and unsaturated carboxylic acid esters. And unsaturated carboxylic acids.

As a method of adding a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule, when the toner of the present invention is prepared by an emulsion polymerization method, the above-mentioned polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule is emulsified and dispersed in an aqueous system and the same as the colorant. Is usually added to the toner. In order to emulsify and disperse a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule in an aqueous system, for example, a polyolefin having the polar group in the molecule, a surfactant and a hydroxide for adjusting the pH are put into a pressure pot and stirred at high speed. A method of performing the heating under pressure to elevate the temperature above the softening point of the polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule is used.

Specifically, the production of a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule (made of a graft copolymer) is as follows.
It is carried out by graft-copolymerizing the above-mentioned polymerizable unsaturated compound with polyolefin using an organic peroxide or the like. Regarding polyolefins having these polar groups in the molecule, JP-A-48-46689 and JP-B-57-
No. 17005, etc.

Further, the polyolefin (oxidation product) obtained by oxidizing the polyolefin is produced by oxidizing the polyolefin with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas (gas). Regarding the polyolefin having these polar groups in the molecule, U.S. Pat. No. 2,879,238 is known.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,692,877 and JP-B-43-
No. 9367 and the like.

In the present invention, the polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule can express the content of a polar group, that is, a substance having polarity such as an acid, in terms of acid value with respect to the polyolefin, and its preferable range is usually 100 mgKOH /
g or less, more preferably 50 mgKOH / g or less. The acid value is measured by a single measuring method, and is measured according to JIS K0070.

The amount of the polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule in the toner of the present invention is as follows.
The amount is preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, based on 0 parts by weight.

In the toner of the present invention, the domain diameter of the polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule is 10 to 10
00 nm is preferable, and more preferably 50 to 500 nm.
It is. If the domain diameter is 10 nm or less, there is no effect of separating the toner from the fixing roller and offset may occur, and if the domain diameter is 1000 nm or more, the polyolefin having the polar group in the molecule is uniformly dispersed in the toner particles. However, the peeling effect between the toner particles and the fixing roller may decrease, which is not preferable.

The domain diameter of the polyolefin in the toner can be measured by embedding the toner in a resin, making a thin piece with a microtome, taking a photograph with a transmission microscope and using an image analyzer. Specific examples thereof include a microtome (Ultracut E Reichert-Jung), a transmission microscope (LEM-2000 Topcon Corp.), and an image processing apparatus (SUPICCA Nippon Avionics Co., Ltd.). The diameter is shown by the average value of the circle equivalent area diameter.

The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyolefin having the polar group in the molecule is 500 to 50,000,
It is preferably 1000 to 40,000.

Next, the constitution of the toner of the present invention will be described.

The toner of the present invention has the above-mentioned characteristics, but it is preferable that the toner contains at least a resin and a colorant, and a charge control agent and the like can be contained if necessary. Further, an external additive composed of inorganic fine particles or organic fine particles may be added to colored particles (also referred to as colored polymer particles) composed of so-called resin and colorant described later.

The toner of the present invention may be obtained by pulverizing elementary particles obtained by melting and kneading a resin, a colorant and the like to obtain powder having a desired shape factor. It is also possible to carry out emulsion polymerization by mixing necessary additives to produce fine polymer particles, and then to add by adding an organic solvent, a flocculant or the like to produce the association. In the present invention, this method is used. Is preferably used.

That is, a polymerizable monomer, a polyolefin having the polar group according to the present invention in the molecule, an additive necessary for a toner, and an additive suitable for effectively polymerizing the polymerizable monomer are used. This is a method for obtaining polymer particles, that is, the toner of the present invention, by mixing and emulsion-polymerizing as an emulsion dispersion, and associating and fusing the obtained polymer fine particles in the presence of an organic solvent and an aggregating agent. As the additives necessary for the toner, colorants, charge control agents, external additives such as lubricants, and the like, and as the additives necessary for effectively polymerizing the polymerizable monomer, surfactants, polymerization An initiator etc. are mentioned.

The method for producing the toner of the present invention is described in, for example, JP-A-5-265252 and JP-A-6-329947.
And Japanese Patent Application No. 6-223953. A method of associating a plurality of colored polymer fine particles composed of a resin, a colorant and the like, particularly a method of treating them with a coagulant having a critical coagulation concentration or more in water and an organic solvent infinitely soluble in water is preferable. used. Further, the toner having the BET specific surface area of the present invention can be formed by heating and fusing at a temperature not lower than the glass transition temperature (hereinafter, Tg) of the formed polymer itself.

Similarly, known charge control agents can be used. However, it may not be necessary when a monomer having a polar group is copolymerized on the surface of the colored particles. The polar group referred to here is a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino group,
It represents a group having a positive or negative charge such as an ammonium base.

As the charge control agent, a nigrosine-based electron-donating dye, a metal salt of naphthenic acid or a higher fatty acid, an alkoxylated amine, a quaternary ammonium salt, an alkylamide, a metal complex, a pigment, or a fluorine treatment is used as a positive charge agent. Examples of the activator and the like include electron-accepting organic complexes, chlorinated paraffins, chlorinated polyesters, and sulfonylamines of copper phthalocyanine, which are negatively charged.

Examples of the external additive include fine particles such as a fluidizing agent, a charge control agent and a lubricant. As the fluidizing agent, it is preferable to use inorganic fine powder such as hydrophobic silica, titanium oxide, alumina and their sulfides, nitrides and silicon carbide, and further, these inorganic fine particles are silane coupling agents or titanium coupling agents. It is preferably hydrophobized with an agent or the like. Examples of the charge control agent include polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene powder, polymethyl methacrylate powder, and polyethylene fine particles. Lubricants include, for example, cadmium stearate, barium, nickel, cobalt, strontium, copper, magnesium,
Calcium salt, zinc oleate, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, lead, magnesium salt, zinc palmitate,
Cobalt, copper, magnesium, silicon, calcium salt,
Examples thereof include metal salts of higher fatty acids such as zinc, cobalt, calcium salts of linoleic acid, zinc of ricinoleic acid, cadmium salts, lead salts of caprylic acid and lead salts of caproic acid. These are added as needed.

The resin used in the toner of the present invention is a resin obtained by using a hydrophobic monomer as an essential component and, if necessary, a hydrophilic monomer and a crosslinkable monomer. preferable.

The hydrophobic monomer constituting the monomer component is not particularly limited, and conventionally known monomers can be used. Further, one kind or a combination of two or more kinds can be used so as to satisfy the required characteristics.

Specifically, a monovinyl aromatic monomer,
It is possible to use (meth) acrylate monomers, vinyl ester monomers, vinyl ether monomers, monoolefin monomers, diolefin monomers, halogenated olefin monomers, and the like. it can.

Examples of vinyl aromatic monomers include styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene and p.
-Methylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-phenylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, p-ethylstyrene, pn-butylstyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, pn-hexylstyrene, pn-octyl Examples thereof include styrene-based monomers such as styrene, pn-nonylstyrene, pn-decylstyrene, pn-dodecylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene and 3,4-dichlorostyrene, and derivatives thereof.

The (meth) acrylic monomers include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate,
2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, β-hydroxyethyl acrylate, γ-aminoacrylic acid Examples thereof include α-methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic acid esters such as propyl, stearyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate and the like.

Examples of vinyl ester monomers include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate and the like.

Examples of vinyl ether type monomers include vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl phenyl ether and the like.

Examples of the mono-olefin type monomer include ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and the like.

Examples of the diolefin-based monomer include butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene and the like.

The hydrophilic monomer is not particularly limited, and conventionally known monomers can be used.
Further, one kind or a combination of two or more kinds can be used so as to satisfy the required characteristics. For example, an amine compound such as a carboxyl group-containing monomer, a sulfonic acid group-containing monomer, a primary to tertiary amine, or a quaternary ammonium salt can be used.

Examples of the carboxyl group-containing monomer include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, cinnamic acid, maleic acid monobutyl ester and maleic acid monooctyl ester.

Examples of the sulfonic acid group-containing monomer include styrene sulfonate, allylsulfosuccinic acid, octyl allylsulfosuccinate, and the like.

Examples of amine compounds include dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 3-dimethylaminophenyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyltrimethylammonium salt and the like. Is mentioned.

In order to improve the properties of the polymer obtained,
A crosslinkable monomer may be added. Examples of the crosslinkable monomer include those having two or more unsaturated bonds such as divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, divinyl ether, diethylene glycol methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate and diallyl phthalate.

The above-mentioned monomer is a hydrophobic monomer of about 99.9.
To about 85% by weight and the hydrophilic monomer is appropriately selected in the range of about 0.1 to about 15% by weight.

For the purpose of adjusting the molecular weight, it is possible to use a commonly used chain transfer agent. The chain transfer agent is not particularly limited and includes, for example, octyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, tert-
Mercaptan such as dodecyl mercaptan is used.

The above-mentioned monomer can be polymerized using a radical polymerization initiator to obtain a resin.

As the radical polymerization initiator used in the present invention, a water-soluble initiator may be appropriately used. For example, persulfates (potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, etc.), azo compounds (4,4'-azobis-4-cyanovaleric acid and its salts, 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) salts, etc.), Oxide compounds and the like. Further, the above radical polymerization initiator can be used as a redox initiator in combination with a reducing agent, if necessary. By using the redox type initiator, the polymerization activity can be increased, the polymerization temperature can be lowered, and the polymerization time can be expected to be further shortened.

As the polymerization temperature, any temperature may be selected as long as it is at least the minimum radical formation temperature of the polymerization initiator, but for example, a range of 50 to 80 ° C. is used. However, it is also possible to carry out the polymerization at room temperature or higher by using a combination of a polymerization initiator initiated at room temperature, for example, hydrogen peroxide-reducing agent (ascorbic acid etc.).

Surfactants include sulfonates (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium arylalkyl polyether sulfonate, 3,3-disulfone diphenylurea-4,4-diazo-bis-amino-8-naphthol-6-). Sodium sulfonate, ortho-carboxybenzene-azo-dimethianiline, 2,2,5,5-
Tetramethyl-triphenylmethane-4,4-diazo-
Sodium bis-β-naphthol-6-sulfonate), sulfate salts (sodium tetradecyl sulfate,
Sodium pentadecyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate, etc.), fatty acid salts (sodium oleate, sodium laurate, sodium caprate, sodium caprylate, sodium caproate, potassium stearate,
Calcium oleate, etc.).

In the present invention, Tg is an excellent resin.
Is preferably 20 to 90 ° C., and the softening point is 80 to 2
20 ° C. is preferable. Tg is measured by a differential calorimetric method, and the softening point can be measured by a drop-type flow tester. Further, as these resins, the molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter referred to as GPC) is the number average molecular weight (Mn).
Of 1,000 to 500,000 or a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2,000 to 1,000,000 is preferable. Furthermore, as the molecular weight distribution, Mw / Mn is 5.0.
The following is preferably 3.0 or less and the lower limit is 1.0 or more.

The molecular weight is measured by GPC at a temperature of 40 ° C.
In, the measurement is carried out by flowing tetrahydrofuran at a flow rate of 1.0 ml / min and injecting 100 μl of a tetrahydrofuran sample solution having a concentration of 0.01 g / 20 ml. In measuring the molecular weight of a sample, the measurement conditions included in the range where the logarithm of the molecular weight and the count number of the calibration curve produced by monodisperse polystyrene of several kinds having the sample have a linear range are selected. The peak molecular weight is calculated from the obtained GPC chromatogram count number using the calibration curve. Further, in the present invention, since the resin obtained as described above is obtained in a fine particle state, particularly when it is obtained by an emulsion polymerization method, a coagulant is used, and a solvent infinitely soluble in water is further added. The particles (toner) having a desired particle size can be obtained by heat-treating the obtained resin to a temperature not lower than Tg.

The aggregating agent used in producing the toner of the present invention is not particularly limited,
Those selected from metal salts are preferably used. Specifically, as the monovalent metal, for example, sodium, potassium,
Alkali metal salts such as lithium, divalent metals such as alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium, divalent metal salts such as manganese and copper, and trivalent metal salts such as iron and aluminum. As specific salts, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, calcium chloride, inexpensive zinc, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate,
Examples thereof include manganese sulfate and the like. These may be used in combination.

These coagulants are used by adding them at a critical coagulation concentration or more. The critical aggregation concentration is an index relating to the stability of the aqueous dispersion, and indicates the concentration at which aggregation occurs when a coagulant is added. This critical coagulation concentration greatly changes depending on the emulsified component and the dispersant itself. For example, Seizo Okamura et al., “Polymer Chemistry Vol.
17, p601 (1960) edited by The Society of Polymer Science, Ltd., etc., and a detailed critical aggregation concentration can be obtained.
As another method, a desired salt is added to the target particle dispersion at different concentrations, the ζ (zeta) potential of the dispersion is measured, and the salt concentration at which this value changes is taken as the critical aggregation concentration. You can also ask.

The coagulant used in the present invention may be added in an amount not less than the critical coagulation concentration, but preferably not less than 1.2 times the critical coagulation concentration, more preferably not less than 1.5 times the critical coagulation concentration. .

The solvent infinitely soluble in water used means a colored polymer dispersion, that is, a solvent infinitely soluble in an aqueous dispersion, and this solvent is a resin formed in the present invention. Those that do not dissolve are selected. Specific examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, methoxyethanol and butoxyethanol, nitriles such as acetonitrile, and ethers such as dioxane. Particularly, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol are preferable.

The amount of the solvent that dissolves infinitely is 1 to 300% by volume with respect to the polymer-containing dispersion liquid to which the coagulant is added.
Is preferred.

Examples of the colorant used include inorganic pigments and organic pigments.

As the inorganic pigment, any conventionally known pigment can be used, and specific inorganic pigments are exemplified below.

Examples of black pigments include furnace black, channel black, acetylene black,
Carbon black such as thermal black and lamp black, and magnetic powder such as magnetite and ferrite are also used. These inorganic pigments can be used alone or in combination of two or more as desired. The amount of pigment added is about 2 to 20 parts, preferably about 3 to 15 parts, relative to the polymer.

As the organic pigment, any conventionally known pigment can be used, and specific organic pigments are exemplified below.

As the pigment for magenta or red,
C. I. Pigment Red 2, C.I. I. Pigment Red 3, C.I. I. Pigment Red 5, C.I. I. Pigment Red 6, C.I. I. Pigment Red 7, C.I. I. Pigment Red 15, C.I. I. Pigment Red 16,
C. I. Pigment Red 48: 1, C.I. I. Pigment Red 53: 1, C.I. I. Pigment Red 57:
1, C.I. I. Pigment Red 122, C.I. I. Pigment Red 123, C.I. I. Pigment Red 139,
C. I. Pigment red 144, C.I. I. Pigment Red 149, C.I. I. Pigment Red 166, C.I.
I. Pigment Red 177, C.I. I. Pigment Red 178, C.I. I. Pigment Red 222 and the like.

As an orange or yellow pigment,
C. I. Pigment Orange 31, C.I. I. Pigment Orange 43, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 12, C.I.
I. Pigment Yellow 13, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 14, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 15, C.I. I.
Pigment Yellow 17, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 93, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 94, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 138 and the like.

As a pigment for green or cyan,
C. I. Pigment Blue 15, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 2, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3,
C. I. Pigment Blue 16, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 60, C.I. I. Pigment Green 7 and the like. These organic pigments can be used alone or in combination of two or more as desired. The addition amount of the pigment is the same as that of the above inorganic pigment.

As the surface modifier of the colorant, conventionally known ones can be used. Specifically, silane compounds, titanium compounds, aluminum compounds and the like can be preferably used.

Examples of the silane compound include alkoxysilanes such as methyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, methylphenyldimethoxysilane and diphenyldimethoxysilane, silizane such as hexamethyldisilazane, γ-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltrichlorosilane. , Vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane,
γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, and the like.

As the titanium compound, for example, T which is commercially available under the trade name "Planeact" manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.
TS, 9S, 38S, 41B, 46B, 55, 138
S-1, 238S, etc., commercial products A-1 and B-
1, TOT, TST, TAA, TAT, TLA, TO
G, TBSTA, A-10, TBT, B-2, B-4,
B-7, B-10, TBSTA-400, TTS, TO
A-30, TSDMA, TTAB, TTOP and the like.

Examples of the aluminum compound include "Planeact AL-M" manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.

The concentration of these surface modifiers is 0.01 to 20 wt%, preferably 1 to 15 wt% with respect to the colorant.
% Is selected.

As the inorganic fine particles, conventionally known ones can be used. Specifically, silica, titanium, alumina fine particles and the like can be preferably used.

Examples of the silica fine particles include commercially available products R-805, R-976, and R- manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.
974, R-972, R-812, R-809, HVK-2150 and H-200 manufactured by Hoechst Co., Ltd., and commercial products TS-720, TS-530, TS manufactured by Cabot Co., Ltd.
-610, H-5, MS-5 and the like.

Examples of titanium fine particles include commercial products T-805 and T-604 manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., and commercial products MT-100S, MT-100B and M manufactured by Teika Co., Ltd.
T-500BS, MT-600, MT-600SS, J
A-1, commercial product TA-300S manufactured by Fuji Titanium Co., Ltd.
I, TA-500, TAF-130, TAF-510,
TAF-510T, commercial product IT- manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
S, IT-OA, IT-OB, IT-OC and the like.

Examples of the alumina fine particles include commercial products RFY-C and C-604 manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., and commercial product TTO-55 manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.

As a method for adding the colorant, when the toner of the present invention is prepared by an emulsion polymerization method, the polymer itself is prepared by an emulsion polymerization method, and then a coagulant is added to add the coagulant. Alternatively, a method of adding a colorant at the stage of polymerizing the monomer can be used. When the colorant is added at the stage of preparing the polymer, it is preferable that the surface is treated with a coupling agent or the like so as not to hinder the radical polymerizability.

The particle size of the toner of the present invention itself is arbitrary, but those having a small particle size are more likely to exhibit the effects of the present invention and exhibit a large improvement effect, and the volume average particle size is 2 to 10 μm.
Those having 3 to 9 μm are particularly preferable.
The particle size can be controlled by the concentration of the coagulant, the amount of the organic solvent added, and the composition of the polymer itself.

When the toner of the present invention is used as a one-component magnetic toner containing a magnetic substance, or when it is used as a two-component developer by mixing with a so-called carrier,
The non-magnetic toner may be used alone, and any of them can be preferably used, but in the present invention, it is preferably used as a two-component developer mixed with a carrier.

As the carrier constituting the two-component developer, either an uncoated carrier composed only of magnetic material particles such as iron or ferrite, or a resin coated carrier in which the surface of the magnetic material particles is coated with resin is used. Good. The average particle size of this carrier is 30 to 1 in terms of volume average particle size.
50 μm is preferred. The resin for coating is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include styrene-acrylic ester resin and silicone resin.

Hereinafter, an example of the method for producing the toner of the present invention will be described in detail.

[Surface Treatment Method of Colorant] In the surface modification method of the colorant, the colorant is dispersed in a solvent, the above-mentioned surface modifier is added thereto, and the temperature is raised to carry out the reaction. After the reaction,
Filtering, washing with the same solvent and filtration are repeated, followed by drying to obtain a colorant treated with the surface modifier.

[Dispersion of Colorant] Dispersion of the colorant is carried out in the aqueous phase with the surfactant concentration being equal to or higher than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). As the dispersion method, for example, a sand grinder is used as the mechanical stirring, an ultrasonic dispersion is used as the sonication, and a manton-goulin is used as the pressure dispersion.

[Method for producing colored polymer particles] A method for producing colored polymer particles will be described. For the colored polymer particles, the dispersion liquid obtained as described above is first diluted until the surfactant concentration becomes CMC or less.

If necessary, a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator is appropriately dissolved in the dispersion liquid, a resin (for example, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer) is added, and water-based precipitation polymerization is carried out. By including it in the polymer particles, desired colored polymer particles can be obtained.

[Association and Fusion Step] The colored polymer particles obtained by the polymerization step are used for association and fusion to produce colorant-containing composite particles, that is, non-spherical toner.

Various methods are available for the association and fusion method, for example, JP-A-60-220358 and JP-A-4-28446.
No. 1 etc. However, with these methods, it is quite difficult to control the desired particle size and particle size distribution. Therefore, the present inventors have produced non-spherical particles by the method of JP-A-5-115572, that is, the method of adding an aggregating agent having a critical aggregation concentration of the polymer fine particle dispersion or more and an organic solvent infinitely soluble in water. did.

The image forming method of the present invention will be described below.

In the image forming method of the present invention, the latent image formed on the electrostatic latent image carrier contains a polyolefin having a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² / g or more and a polar group in the molecule. It is characterized in that the toner is developed with the toner for developing an electrostatic image as described above.

The developing system using the toner of the present invention is not particularly limited, and it can be suitably used for a contact developing system or a non-contact developing system. For contact type development, the layer thickness of the developer having the toner of the present invention is 0.1 to 8 mm, preferably 0.4 to 5 mm in the developing area.
Then, the developer is developed in the developing area by the so-called magnetic brush developing method. In this case, the gap between the photosensitive member and the developer carrying member is 0.15 to 7 mm,
It is preferably 0.2 to 4 mm.

In the non-contact developing system, the developer layer formed on the developer carrying member does not come into contact with the photoconductor, and the developer layer is a thin layer in order to constitute this developing system. It is preferably formed. In this method, a developer layer having a thickness of 20 to 500 μm is formed in a development region on the surface of the developer carrier, and a gap between the photoconductor and the developer carrier has a larger gap than the developer layer.

In particular, the toner of the present invention has a high charge rising property and is useful for a non-contact developing method. That is, in the non-contact developing method, since a change in the developing electric field is large, a small change in the charging greatly affects the development itself. For this reason, fluctuations in developability such as image quality and density are increased due to a minute change in toner charge amount. However, since the toner of the present invention has a high charge rising property, the change in charge is small, and a stable charge amount can be secured. Therefore, a stable image can be formed for a long time even by the non-contact developing method. it can.

In the non-contact developing method, a thin layer is formed by a magnetic blade using a magnetic force, a method of pressing a developer layer regulating rod against the surface of a developer carrying member, or the like. Further, there is a method in which a urethane blade, a phosphor bronze plate or the like is brought into contact with the surface of the developer carrier to regulate the developer layer. The pressing force of the pressing regulating member is preferably from 1 to 15 gf / mm. When the pressing force is small, the conveyance is likely to be unstable because the regulating force is insufficient. On the other hand, when the pressing force is large, the stress on the developer is increased, and the durability of the developer is likely to be reduced. A preferred range is 3 to 10 gf / mm.
Further, in the non-contact developing method, it is preferable to apply a developing bias voltage at the time of development, but in this case, a method of applying only a DC component or a method of applying an AC bias in a superimposed manner may be used.

The size of the developer carrying member is 1 in diameter.
It is preferable that the magnet is held inside 0 to 40 mmφ. If the diameter is too small, there will be insufficient mixing of the developer,
It becomes difficult to ensure sufficient mixing to give sufficient charge to the toner, and when the diameter is too large, the centrifugal force against the developer becomes large, and the problem of toner scattering tends to occur.

Hereinafter, an example of the non-contact developing system will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a non-contact developing type developing section which can be suitably used in the image forming method of the present invention, wherein 1 is a photosensitive member, 2 is a developer carrier, and 3 is a toner of the present invention. Contained two-component developer, 4 is a developer layer regulating member, 5 is a development area, 6 is a developer layer, and 7 is a power supply for forming an alternating electric field.

The two-component developer containing the toner of the present invention is carried by a magnetic force on a developer carrier 2 having a magnet 2B therein, and is conveyed to the development area 5 by the movement of the development sleeve 2A. At the time of this conveyance, the developer layer 6 is regulated by the developer layer regulating member 4 in the developing region 5 to a layer of that thickness so as not to come into contact with the photoreceptor 1.

The minimum gap (Dsd) of the developing area 5 is determined by the thickness (preferably 20 to 5) of the developer layer 6 conveyed to the area.
00 μm), for example, about 100 to 1000 μm. The power source 7 for forming the alternating electric field is preferably an alternating current having a frequency of 1 to 10 kHz and a voltage of 1 to 3 kVp-p. The power supply 7 may have a configuration in which direct current is added in series to alternating current as necessary. 300 when adding DC voltage
~ 800V is preferred.

When the toner of the present invention is applied to a color image forming system, a system in which a monochromatic image is formed on a photoconductor and sequentially transferred to an image support (this system is referred to as a sequential transfer system and is shown in FIG. 2). Alternatively, a method of developing a single color image on a photoconductor a plurality of times to form a color image and then collectively transferring the image to an image support (this is referred to as a batch transfer method and is shown in FIG. 3).
And the like.

The image forming method in FIGS. 2 and 3 will be described in detail below.

As the developer carrying member used in the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a developing device in which a magnet 2B is incorporated inside the carrying member is used, and a sleeve constituting the surface of the developer carrying member. As 2A, aluminum, aluminum whose surface is oxidized, or stainless steel is used.

An example of the sequential transfer method shown in FIG. 2 will be described below.

Reference numeral 11 is a charging device which is a charging electrode, and 12 is a developing unit which is a developing device for loading yellow, magenta, cyan and black toners, respectively, and is divided into four units corresponding to four color toners. . The basic configuration of these developing units is the same as the schematic diagram of the developing unit shown in FIG. Reference numeral 14 is a photoconductor drum, 13 is a cleaning unit, 15 is a temporary holding toner image of a single color formed on the photoconductor drum, and a toner image of the next color is held on the toner image. Transfer drum for forming multicolor image, 1
6 is a transport unit for transporting a transfer material onto which a toner image on the transfer drum is transferred, 17 is an adsorption electrode provided inside the transfer drum 15, which corona-discharges from inside to electrostatically attract the transfer material to the drum. 18 is a transfer electrode for sequentially transferring the toner image formed on the photoconductor drum 14 to the transfer drum, 19 is a peeling electrode for peeling the transfer material electrostatically adsorbed on the transfer drum 15, and 20 is after peeling the transfer material. , A removal electrode for removing charges remaining on the transfer drum.

Electric charges are uniformly formed on the photosensitive drum 14 by the charging electrode 11, and thereafter, imagewise exposure (means not shown) is performed to form an electrostatic latent image. This electrostatic latent image is developed by a developing device that holds one color toner (for example, black toner) of the developing unit 12, and a one color toner image is formed on the photosensitive drum 14. On the other hand, the transfer material transferred onto the transfer drum 15 by the transfer unit 16 is the adsorption electrode 1
It is electrostatically adsorbed on the transfer drum by 7 and conveyed to the transfer section.

The toner image formed on the photosensitive drum 14 is transferred to the transferred transfer material at the transfer section. After the transfer image is transferred, toner remains on the photosensitive drum 14, and the residual toner is cleaned by the cleaning unit 13 and used in the next process. When forming a multicolor image, toner images of other colors are formed by development according to a similar process,
The images are transferred to the transfer drum 15 one by one. Eventually, a desired toner image is formed on the transfer material adsorbed on the transfer drum 15. The transfer material on which a desired toner image is formed is peeled off by the peeling electrode 19 and conveyed to the fixing unit.
A final fixed multicolor toner image is obtained. On the other hand, the transfer drum 15 has the remaining charges removed by the removing electrode 20, and is used in the next process.

Next, the batch transfer method will be described with reference to FIG.

Since each part of the apparatus is the same as the example of FIG. However, 10 is a transport unit that transfers the toner image while transporting the transferred transfer material. Photoconductor drum 1
Electric charges are uniformly formed on the surface 4 by a charging electrode, and then an electrostatic latent image is formed by a latent image forming means (means not shown).
This electrostatic latent image is developed by a developing device having a toner (for example, black toner) of one color of the developing unit 12, and a toner image of one color is formed on the photosensitive drum. In the illustrated example, the toner image is not transferred, and the charge electrode 11 uniformly forms an electric charge again on the photoconductor drum having the toner image, and an electrostatic latent image is further formed. Then, it is developed by a developing device having a toner of a color different from the above, and a toner image of another color is formed by being superposed on the previous toner image. During this time, cleaning unit 1
3, the transfer electrode 18, and the transport unit 10 do not operate, and are retracted from the photoconductor drum 14 so as not to disturb the toner image on the photoconductor drum 14.

After the desired image formation is completed and the multicolor toner image is formed, the toner image on the photosensitive drum is transferred onto the transfer material carried by the carrying unit 16 while being carried by the carrying section 10. The toner image is transferred by the electrode 18. The transfer material carrying the transferred toner image is conveyed and fixed to the fixing section, and a final multicolor toner image is formed on the transfer material. After the toner image is transferred, the toner remains on the photosensitive drum 14, so that the cleaning unit 13 cleans the toner and the toner is used in the next process.

The toner image formed on the photoreceptor by the above-described various methods is transferred to a transfer material such as paper in a transfer step. The transfer method is not particularly limited, and various methods such as so-called corona transfer method and roller transfer method can be adopted.

Regarding the fixing step used in the present invention,
As an example, the roller fixing method will be described with reference to FIG.

In the present invention, the image forming method typified by FIG. 4 has a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² / g between the moving fixing member and the pressure member moving in pressure contact with the fixing member.
The recording material carrying a toner image, which is characterized by containing a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule, is passed through the fixing member to form a toner image through the fixing member. It is fixed on the recording material.

In the fixing device shown in FIG. 4, a heat source is provided inside a metal cylinder 23 made of iron or aluminum whose surface 22 is coated with, for example, tetrafluoroethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymers. Upper roller 2 having 24 (heating member)
1 (fixing member) and a lower roller 25 (pressurizing member) made of silicone rubber or the like. Specifically, a linear heater is provided as the heating source 24, and the surface temperature of the upper roller 21 is heated to about 110 to 220 ° C. This pressed upper roller 21
The recording material 26 carrying the toner image 27 of the present invention is passed between the lower roller 25 and the lower roller 25, and the toner image 27 is heat-melted and fixed onto the recording material.

In the heat roller fixing method, a part of the melted toner is fused to the upper roller 21, and after one rotation, the toner fused to the upper roller 21 is fixed to another portion of the recording material. If it occurs and it is extremely heavy, the upper roller 2
The toner fused to No. 1 is apt to cause a problem that a so-called wrapping phenomenon occurs and the surface of the recording material is soiled because it is not separated from the recording material and is wound around the upper roller 21 together with the recording material. Can significantly reduce the drawback.

In the fixing section, pressure is applied between the upper roller 21 and the lower roller 25 to deform the lower roller 25 and form a so-called nip. The nip width is preferably 1 to 10 mm, more preferably 1.5 to 7 mm. The fixing linear velocity is preferably 40 to 400 mm / sec. If the nip width is narrow, heat cannot be uniformly applied to the toner, and uneven fixing tends to occur. On the other hand, when the nip width is wide, toner melting is promoted, and the offset phenomenon is likely to occur.

In the roller fixing method used in the present invention, a silicone oil coating film may be formed on the surface 22 of the upper roller 21. As an example, the method for forming the silicone-based oil coating on the surface 22 of the upper roller 21 is performed as follows.

That is, the impregnating roller 28 is pressed against the surface 22 of the upper roller 21 in the longitudinal direction and is rotating in the direction of the arrow. The impregnating roller 28 is previously impregnated with silicone oil, and at the time of fixing, silicone oil is supplied from the impregnating roller 28 to the surface of the upper roller 21 in small amounts as the upper roller 21 rotates. As a result, a silicone oil coating film is formed on the surface 22 of the upper roller 21. Regarding the fixing method, in addition to the roller fixing described above, a method using a web as a fixing member is preferably used in the present invention.

[0121]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

A production example of colored particles will be specifically described.

Colored Particle Production Example 1 ( Production of Colorant Dispersion Liquid) Carbon Black (Regal 3
30R: Cabot Co., Ltd.) treated with an aluminum coupling agent (Plenact Al-M: Ajinomoto Co., Inc.) 10.67 g, sodium dodecyl sulfate 4.92 g
Was added to a solution dissolved in 120 ml of pure water, and ultrasonic waves were applied while stirring to prepare an aqueous dispersion of carbon black.

(Production of Polyolefin Emulsion Dispersion) Pure water, polypropylene having maleic anhydride and a nonionic surfactant were added to a 500 ml high-pressure reactor equipped with a stirrer, and the pH was adjusted with potassium hydroxide. Then, the mixture was pressurized and heated to emulsify and disperse above the softening point of the polypropylene. The polypropylene (having a polar group) dispersed particle size was measured by a light scattering electric particle size analyzer (ELS-800: manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.). (WAX dispersions 1 to 5) were produced by changing the dispersion conditions.

(Production of Colored Polymer Particles) In a 2 liter separable flask equipped with a stirrer, a temperature sensor, a cooling pipe, and a nitrogen introducing pipe, the above carbon black aqueous dispersion was obtained (WAX dispersion). 1) 43 g were mixed, and 98.1 g of styrene monomer, 18.4 g of n-butyl acrylate monomer, 6.1 g of methacrylic acid monomer,
After adding 3.3 g of the chain transfer agent and 850 ml of degassed pure water, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. while stirring under a nitrogen stream. Then, pure water 2 in which 4.1 g of potassium persulfate was dissolved
00 ml was added and reacted at 70 ° C. for 6 hours. The obtained carbon black-containing colored particle dispersion liquid (dispersion liquid 1)
And In addition, the primary particle diameter (ELS-800 of light scattering electric particle size analyzer: Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) and molecular weight distribution (using GPC, styrene-equivalent molecular weight) of this product were measured.

(Production of Colored Particles) 25 (Dispersion Liquid 1)
A 5N NaOH aqueous solution was added to 0 ml to set the pH to 9, and a stirring device, a cooling pipe, and a temperature sensor were attached to 500.
Inject into a separable flask of ml, 250 rp at room temperature
Stir at m. To this, an aqueous solution of 16.1 g of potassium chloride dissolved in 65 ml of distilled water was added, and 1.5 g of polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether (average degree of polymerization of ethylene oxide was 10) was added to 35 ml of isopropyl alcohol and 20 ml of distilled water. An aqueous solution in which was dissolved was added. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 85 ° C., and the reaction was performed for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was filtered, suspended and dispersed in distilled water, and the pH was adjusted to 13 with a 5N NaOH aqueous solution.

Thereafter, washing by filtration and drying were further repeated to obtain colored particles. This is designated as (colored particle 1).
The average particle size of the colored particles (laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer SALD-1100: manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)
And BET specific surface area (BET specific surface area measuring device Flowsorb II 2300: manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).

The domain diameter of polypropylene in the colored particles was determined by embedding the colored particles in a photocurable resin, making a thin piece with a microtome (Ultracut E Reichert-Jung), and then using a transmission microscope (LEM-2000 Topcon (stock). )) And take a picture with an image processing device (SUP
It measured using ICCA Japan Avionics Co., Ltd. product.

Colored Particle Production Example 2 In Colored Particle Production Example 1, C.I. I. Pigment Blue
Colored particles were obtained in the same manner except that 15: 3 was used. still,
The dispersion obtained here is referred to as (dispersion 2), and the colored particles are referred to as (colored particles 2).

Colored Particle Production Example 3 In Colored Particle Production Example 1, C.I. I. Pigment Red 1
Colored particles were obtained in the same manner except that No. 22 was used.

The dispersion obtained here was used as (dispersion 3).
And the colored particles are (colored particles 3).

Colored Particle Production Example 4 In Colored Particle Production Example 1, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow
Colored particles were obtained in the same manner except that w17 was used. still,
The dispersion obtained here is referred to as (dispersion 4), and the colored particles are referred to as (colored particles 4).

Colored Particle Production Example 5 Colored particles were obtained in the same manner as in Colored Particle Production Example 1 except that (WAX dispersion liquid 2) was used. The dispersion liquid obtained here was designated as (dispersion liquid 5), and the colored particles were designated as (colored particle 5).
And

Colored Particle Production Example 6 Colored particles were obtained in the same manner as in Colored Particle Production Example 1, except that (WAX dispersion liquid 3) was used. The dispersion liquid obtained here was designated as (dispersion liquid 6), and the colored particles were designated as (colored particle 6).
And

Colored Particle Production Example 7 Colored particles were obtained in the same manner as in Colored Particle Production Example 1, except that (WAX dispersion liquid 4) was used. The dispersion liquid obtained here was designated as (dispersion liquid 7), and the colored particles were designated as (colored particle 7).
And

Colored Particle Production Example 8 Colored particles were obtained in the same manner as in Colored Particle Production Example 1 except that (WAX dispersion liquid 5) was used. The dispersion liquid obtained here was designated as (dispersion liquid 8), and the colored particles were designated as (colored particle 8).
And

Colored Particle Production Example 9 Colored particles were obtained in the same manner as in Colored Particle Production Example 1 except that carnauba wax was used instead of (WAX dispersion liquid 1). The dispersion obtained here is referred to as (dispersion 9), and the colored particles are referred to as (colored particles 9).

<Toner Production Example> Above (Colored Particles 1 to 9)
Against hydrophobic silica (average particle size of primary order = 12 nm)
Was added in an amount of 1% by weight to obtain (toner 1 to 9). Various physical properties of the above (WAX dispersion liquids 1 to 5), (dispersion liquids 1 to 9), (colored particles 1 to 9) and (toner 1 to 9) are shown in the following table.

[0139]

[Table 1]

[0140]

[Table 2]

[0141]

[Table 3]

D ₅₀ : Volume Average Particle Diameter <Developer Production Example> Next, the obtained (toners 1 to 9) was mixed with a styrene-acrylic resin-coated ferrite carrier having a volume average particle diameter of 50 μm. A developer having a toner concentration of 7% by weight is prepared (Developer 1 to 9).
The following evaluations were performed using the obtained (Developers 1 to 9).

<Evaluation> (Offset Property) (Developer 1 to 9) obtained as described above by using the heat roller fixing method shown in FIG. 4 is fixed under the following conditions. Roller) surface temperature is 1
The presence or absence of offset was evaluated in a variable state such as 10 to 230 ° C. The fixing device is not provided with a cleaning mechanism.

Linear pressure: 7 N / cm Nip width: 3.5 mm Linear speed of printing: 140 mm / sec For evaluation, an original having a solid black portion with a width of 10 mm at the leading edge of the image was used for printing, and then the temperature was increased in 10 ° C. increments. The presence or absence of the offset was evaluated while increasing. The temperature of the area where offset does not occur is shown below.

(Image stain) Further, the fixing roller temperature is set to 180.
A long run was carried out by modifying the color copying machine 9028 made by Konica using the developer fixed to 0 ° C. and using the above developer. The conditions are shown below. A laminated organic photoreceptor was used as the photoreceptor.

Photoconductor surface potential = −550V DC bias = −250V AC bias = Vp-p: −50 to −450V Alternating electric field frequency = 1800 Hz Dsd = 300 μm Pressing control force = 10 gf / mm Pressing control rod = SUS416 (magnetic stainless steel) Made) / diameter 3 mm developer layer thickness = 150 μm developing sleeve = 20 mm environmental conditions are normal temperature and low humidity (25 ° C./30% RH), continuous printing of 100,000 images with a pixel ratio of 5%, The state of occurrence of image stains was visually evaluated in the state where a blank sheet was printed after resting for one day and night.

○ Fogging was not observed at all, and similar to the blank sheet of the document △ Few fogging was recognized, but fogging was remarkable.

The results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0149]

[Table 4]

As is clear from Table 4, in the developer using the toner of the present invention, the temperature range in which offset does not occur is widened, and the stain on the fixing roller is reduced as much as possible because image stain is eliminated. You can see that Especially,
It can be seen that the toners 1 to 7 in which the domain diameter of the polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule is in the range of 10 to 1000 nm have no image stain and have excellent offset property.

[0151]

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a toner and a developer which have a wide temperature range where offset does not occur and which can prevent the residual toner caused by offset from adhering to the fixing roller. Has excellent effect.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a developing unit showing an example of a non-contact developing system.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a photosensitive member, a developing device, and a transfer drum showing an example of a sequential transfer system.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a photoconductor and a developing device showing an example of a batch transfer system.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of a roller fixing method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Photoconductor 2 Developer Carrier 12 Development Unit 14 Photoconductor Drum 18 Transfer Electrode 21 Upper Roller of Fixing Device (Fixing Member) 25 Lower Roller of Fixing Device (Pressurizing Member)

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiki Nishimori 1st Konica Corporation, Sakuracho, Hino City, Tokyo (72) Inventor Mikio Kamiyama 1st Konica Corporation, Sakuracho, Hino City, Tokyo

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, which has a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² / g or more and contains a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule. 2. The domain diameter of the polyolefin is 10
The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 1, wherein the toner has a particle size of about 1000 nm. 3. A developer comprising a toner having a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² / g or more and containing a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule, and a carrier. 4. The latent image formed on the electrostatic latent image carrier is
An image forming method comprising developing with an electrostatic image developing toner having a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² / g or more and containing a polyolefin having a polar group in the molecule. 5. A heating member fixedly arranged to pass a recording material carrying a toner image composed of at least a resin and a colorant between a moving fixing member and a pressure member rotating in pressure contact with the fixing member. In the image forming method of fixing a toner image to a recording material by a member through the fixing member, the toner contains a polyolefin having a BET specific surface area of 5 m ² / g or more and a polar group in the molecule. An image forming method comprising: