JPH09229318A - Method and device for melting of waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To melt waste by a small-sized heat source by a method wherein waste is in order pushed up from the lower end of a guide cylinder, and heat rays are emitted to the waste which overflows from the upper end of the guide cylinder, and slag which is in order heated and molten is dropped and discharged along the external wall of the guide cylinder. SOLUTION: Waste, e.g. incineration ash is fed to the bottom part of a guide cylinder 1 by a push-up feeder 7, and is gradually pushed up in the guide cylinder 1. Then, in the end, the incineration ash swells up to a melting chamber 12 from the upper end of the guide cylinder 1, and overflows into a mountain- form. Under this state, by the lighting up of an infrared ray lamp 15 of a heat source device 13, infrared rays are emitted to the incineration ash of this part which is overflowed into a mountain-form, and the incineration ash of this part is heated and melted. By controlling a balance between the speed of the molten slag formation by the infrared ray lamp 15, and the feeding speed of the incineration ash, the incineration ash which has overflowed into a mountain- form from the leading end of the guide cylinder 1 becomes molten slag in order and drops in a dropping passage 9 on the outside of the guide cylinder 1, and is discharged to the outside from a dropping chute 11.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste melting method and apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In an incineration facility for reducing the amount of municipal waste, a method is used in which the materials to be burned are continuously put into an incinerator and sequentially burned by a transfer loss. A large amount of incinerated ash is produced as
Reprocessing of this incineration ash has become a big problem.

As a means for reprocessing the incinerated ash, there is a conventional technique in which the incinerated ash is irradiated with a laser beam to melt and slag the ash to reduce its capacity. It is known from Japanese Patent Publication No. 150722.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the above-described conventional waste melting method and apparatus, a certain amount of incineration ash left after incineration in an incinerator is dropped into a water tank, and the incineration is performed during the fall. Since the ash is irradiated with a laser beam to melt it, the incineration ash can be irradiated with the laser beam for an extremely short time of almost a moment, during which a predetermined amount of incinerated ash is melted. In order to do so, an extremely large-capacity laser beam must be used, and there is a problem in that the melting device for this is large in size and expensive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides a method for melting waste and a device for melting the waste, which makes it possible to melt the waste with a heat source that is smaller than the throughput. It is intended.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the method for melting waste according to the present invention is such that the waste is sequentially pushed up from the lower end side of the guide cylinder whose upper end is open, and the waste is piled up from the upper end of the guide cylinder. The waste material that has overflowed in a shape is irradiated with heat rays from its surroundings to sequentially heat and melt it into slag, and the slag is dropped and discharged along the outer wall of the guide cylinder.

Then, the waste in the guide cylinder is preheated by the slag that falls along the outer wall of the guide cylinder, and the gas generated by this preheating is discharged to the outside of the guide cylinder from the ventilation hole provided in the guide cylinder. I decided to do it.

A waste melting device for carrying out the above-described waste melting method is a guide cylinder which is formed of a plate material in a tubular shape and has an upper end opened and a lower end closed by a bottom plate. An outer cylinder that forms a drop passage between the outer peripheral surface of the guide cylinder and surrounds the guide cylinder, a melting chamber that is a space above the upper end of the guide cylinder, and a melting chamber that surrounds the melting chamber. Heat source device that radiates heat rays toward the center of the guide tube, a waste supply chamber provided under the bottom plate of the guide tube, a push-up feeder that pushes up and supplies waste from the waste supply chamber into the guide tube, and the above-mentioned drop The drop chute is connected to the lower end of the passage and discharges and guides the slag.

The central vertical cross-sectional shape of the guide cylinder is frustum-shaped so that the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the lower part toward the upper part. In addition, a large number of ventilation holes are provided in the plate material forming the guide cylinder. The outer cylinder is made of a heat insulating material.

Further, the heat source device is arranged in parallel with the side surface of the waste material that overflows in a mountain shape from the upper end of the guide cylinder so that the surface of the waste material can be irradiated with heat rays at a substantially right angle. A halogen lamp was used as the heat source of the heat source device. Further, the guide cylinder is made of a plate material having heat conductivity.

The waste melting apparatus having the above-mentioned structure is placed on the traveling carriage, and the waste feeding apparatus for feeding waste to the waste feeding chamber of the waste melting apparatus is placed on the traveling carriage. .

[0012]

[Operation] In the method of melting waste, the waste that is pushed up in sequence in the guide cylinder and overflows in a mountain shape from the upper end of the guide cylinder is heated by the heat rays irradiated to this and is sequentially melted. It becomes slag and is dropped along the outer peripheral surface of the guide cylinder. The waste slag at this time preheats the waste in the guide cylinder, and the gas generated here is discharged from the guide cylinder wall to the inside of the drop passage.

In the waste melting device, the waste is pushed into the guide tube from the bottom plate side thereof by the feeder. Then, the waste material overflowing in a mountain shape from the upper end of the guide cylinder is heated and melted by the heat ray of the heat source device irradiated onto the waste material to be slag. The slag drops along the outer surface of the guide tube and is discharged to the outside from the drop feeder together with the gas generated during the melting.

Further, in the case where the above-mentioned waste melting device is mounted on a traveling carriage, the waste is melted on the traveling carriage, and this melting work is performed anywhere.

[0015]

In the above structure, particularly in the method of melting waste according to the inventions of claims 1 and 2, the waste is pushed up the guide cylinder in sequence and the portion overflowing like a mountain from the upper end of the guide cylinder is continuous. Since it is sequentially heated and melted by the heat ray to become slag, the waste is exposed to the heat ray while it overflows from the upper end of the guide tube and falls, and the irradiation time of the heat ray during this period can be lengthened, The waste can be efficiently melted with a relatively small heat source.

While the molten slag falls along the guide tube, the waste in the guide tube is preheated by the molten slag through the side wall of the guide tube. The thermal efficiency at the time of melting is improved. Further, at this time, the gas generated in the waste in the guide cylinder is not discharged from the side wall of the guide cylinder and stays in the guide cylinder. Therefore, the waste in the guide cylinder overflows more than necessary. Never.

On the other hand, in the waste melting apparatus according to the inventions of claims 3 to 9, the waste melting method can be implemented with high energy efficiency, and the apparatus can be started and stopped easily.
Further, it is possible to achieve the operational effect that the device is compact and can be manufactured at low cost.

That is, the entire surface of the waste that has overflowed in a mountain shape in the melting chamber consisting of the space above the upper end of the guide cylinder is heated by the heat rays from the heat source device for a relatively long time, whereby the heat source is heated. The heat energy due to is efficiently absorbed by the waste, and the heat efficiency of the waste is improved. Further, by using the halogen lamp for the heat source device, the heat source device can be easily started and stopped, and the whole heat source device can be made compact, so that the cost can be reduced as compared with that using the laser light.

According to the tenth aspect of the invention, since the waste melting device can be moved to any place by the traveling carriage, the mobility can be obtained.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 schematically shows an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a guide cylinder having a truncated cone shape with an open top end, and the bottom of the guide cylinder 1 is a bottom plate 2. Closed at. The guide cylinder 1 has a large number of vent holes 3 such as a perforated plate, and is made of a heat-resistant steel plate having good thermal conductivity, for example, a plate material such as stainless steel, Hastelloy, or Inconel.

A waste supply chamber 4 is provided below the bottom plate 2, and a transport passage 6 having a screw conveyor 5 is connected to the waste supply chamber 4 in the middle thereof. The bottom plate 2 is provided with a plurality of push-up feeders 7 that push up the waste in the waste supply chamber 4 to the bottom of the guide cylinder 1 with a screw, and the rotation axis thereof is vertical. The shaft of each push-up feeder 7 penetrates the waste supply chamber 4 and is connected to a drive device 8 provided outside.

On the outside of the guide cylinder 1, an outer cylinder 10 made of a heat insulating material which forms a drop passage 9 between the outer surface of the guide cylinder 1 and the outer surface of the guide cylinder 1.
Is provided. The lower end of the drop passage 9 is opened downward in a circumferential shape and communicates with the drop chute 11.

The upper end of the outer cylinder 10 faces the melting chamber 12 which is located above the upper end of the guide cylinder 1, and the heat source device 13 is surrounded by the melting chamber 12 so as to surround the melting chamber 12. Is provided. The heat source device 13 includes a melting chamber 12
A partition plate 14 made of heat-resistant glass that surrounds the infrared rays, an infrared lamp 15 disposed outside the partition plate 14, and a first reflecting mirror annularly provided outside the infrared lamp 15. 16 and a second reflecting mirror 17 configured to close the upper side of the melting chamber 12.

The back side of the second reflecting mirror 17 is a heat insulating material 18.
It is covered by. A cooling medium passage 19 for cooling the terminal portion of the infrared lamp 15 is provided around the infrared lamp 15. In addition, each reflecting mirror 16, 17
A cooling medium passage may be provided on the back side of the reflecting mirrors 16 and 17 in order to cool the cooling medium.

The infrared lamp 15 may be a single member formed in a ring shape, or a plurality of infrared lamps may be arranged in a ring shape. A halogen lamp was used as the infrared lamp 15.

In the above structure, the waste, for example, the incinerated ash, which has been conveyed to the conveying / supplying chamber 4, is supplied to the bottom of the guide cylinder 1 by the push-up feeder 7, and is sequentially pushed into the guide cylinder 1. Finally, the incinerated ash rises from the upper end of the guide cylinder 1 into the melting chamber 12 and overflows in a mountain shape.

In this state, when the infrared lamp 15 of the heat source device 13 is turned on, infrared rays are radiated to the incineration ash in the mountain-shaped overflow portion, and the incineration ash in this portion is heated and melted. At this time, when the output of the infrared lamp 15 was irradiated with near-infrared rays obtained with an electric power of about 1 kwh per cm ² , the incinerated ash was heated to about 1300 ° C. in several tens of seconds and melted to form a glassy material. It became molten slag.

By balancing the molten slag formation rate by the infrared lamp 15 and the incineration ash supply rate,
The incineration ash that overflows in a mountain shape from the tip of the guide cylinder 1 becomes a molten slag one after another, falls down the drop passage 9 outside the guide cylinder 1, and is discharged from the drop chute 11 to the outside.

At this time, the molten slag falling down rolls down on the outer surface of the guide cylinder 1 in a high temperature state, so that the guide cylinder 1
The incineration ash inside is heated (preheated) by this. When gas is generated by this heating, this gas leaks from the ventilation hole 3 of the guide cylinder 1 to the drop passage 9.

Gas is generated when the incinerator ash is melted in the melting chamber 12, and this gas is sucked by an exhaust fan (not shown) provided in the drop chute 11. In addition, since the gas generated during melting tends to go upward in the natural state,
A vent hole communicating with the melting chamber 12 may be provided in a part of the upper heat insulating material 18 so that the gas can escape from the vent hole. By doing so, it becomes possible to naturally exhaust air without providing an exhaust fan. It is desirable that the partition plate 14 that forms the wall surface of the melting chamber 12 be configured such that the light of the infrared lamp 15 can always efficiently pass through the partition plate 14.
The gas generated in the melting chamber 12 may be contaminated. In order to prevent this, an air curtain is formed on the inner surface of the partition plate 14 to block the contact between the air curtain and gas. Similarly, an air curtain may be formed on the inner surface of the second reflecting mirror 17.

When loam soil was used as a waste material, it was melted and solidified by irradiating it with near-infrared rays obtained at an electric power of ² kwh per 1 cm ² , and it was heated to about 1500 ° C. in several tens of seconds to be melted and glass-like molten slag Obtained continuously.

The infrared light in the melting chamber 12 is reflected by the first and second reflecting mirrors 16 and 17, and all the light is efficiently applied to the waste that has overflowed from the guide cylinder 1 in a mountain shape. The terminal portion of the infrared lamp 15 at this time is the cooling water passage 19
Is cooled at.

The mounting posture of the infrared lamp 15 is shown in FIG.
Although it may be vertical as shown in FIG. 2, it may be provided in parallel with the inclination of the guide tube 1 as shown in FIG. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, since the infrared lamps 15 are arranged along the shape of the waste that overflows in a mountain shape,
The waste that overflows in a mountain shape is irradiated with heat rays at a right angle to the side surface of the waste, and the waste is uniformly heated over the entire height. At this time, the amount of waste that overflows in a mountain shape is smaller than the amount on the lower side, so the amount of heat per unit weight of the waste on this top increases, and melting from this part proceeds smoothly. It As described above, in order to arrange the infrared lamp 15 substantially parallel to the inclination of the surface of the waste material overflowing in a mountain shape, the mounting of the infrared lamp 15 may be movable.

The heat source device 13 of the melting chamber 12 is not limited to the infrared lamp 15, but an electric heater (ceramic heater or the like) provided on the peripheral wall of the melting chamber 12 as shown in FIG.
20 or a flame generator 21 such as a burner or a plasma torch, as shown in FIG.

The guide tube 1 is not limited to the truncated cone shape, and may have a polygonal truncated pyramid shape with a horizontal cross section of a triangle, a quadrangle, or a polygon.

If the horizontal cross-sectional area is comparatively small, the guide cylinder 1 may have the same cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional area in the axial direction (vertical direction). The point is that the amount of mountain-shaped overflow from the upper end of the guide cylinder 1 should be the amount of heat input from the heat source device 13.

Further, by providing a spiral slag drop guide plate in the drop passage 9 formed outside the guide cylinder 1, the slag drop path becomes longer, and the high temperature slag is correspondingly formed on the wall surface of the guide cylinder 1. The contact time is longer,
The preheating effect of the waste in the guide tube 1 can be promoted. In the above configuration, the first and second reflecting mirrors 16 and 17 may not be used. In this case, the thermal efficiency is deteriorated, but maintenance such as cleaning of the reflecting surface is unnecessary.

The waste melting apparatus A having the above-described structure may be used by being installed on the floor or by being mounted on the track type traveling carriage B as shown in FIG.

The crawler type traveling carriage B has a crawler type traveling device 23 which is driven by a hydraulic traveling motor 22, and a base 24 of the crawler type traveling device 23 has an engine 25, a hydraulic pump 26 and a generator 27.
And the like, a waste melting device A, a waste supply device 29 for supplying waste to the waste melting device A, an exhaust gas treatment device 30, a bag filter 31.
Is installed. Reference numeral 32 is a driving operation unit.

The waste supply device 29 is the grizzly feeder 3
3, a crusher 34, a magnetic force separator 35, and a rotary dryer 36. The waste that is put into the grizzly feeder 33 is crushed by the crusher 34 and then the magnetic substance (metal) by the magnetic force separator 35. Are separated, then dried while being rotated by the rotary dryer 36 and supplied to the waste supply chamber 4 of the waste melting apparatus A.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing another example of the mounting posture of the infrared lamp of the heat source device.

FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing an embodiment of another example of the heat source device.

FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view showing an embodiment of another example of the heat source device.

FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing a self-propelled example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A ... Melting device for waste B ... Crawler-type traveling carriage 1 ... Guide tube 2 ... Bottom plate 3 ... Vent hole 4 ... Waste supply chamber 5 ... Screw conveyor 6 ... Conveying passage 7 ... Pushing feeder 8 ... Driving device 9 ... Falling passage DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Outer cylinder 11 ... Drop chute 12 ... Melting chamber 13 ... Heat source device 14 ... Partition wall 15 ... Infrared lamp 16, 17 ... First and second reflecting mirror 20 ... Electric heater 21 ... Flame generator 22 ... Hydraulic traveling motor 23 ... crawler type traveling device 28 ... motor device 29 ... waste supply device 30 ... exhaust gas treatment device 31 ... bag filter 33 ... grizzly feeder 34 ... crusher 35 ... magnetic force sorter 36 ... rotary dryer

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. The waste is sequentially pushed up from the lower end side of the guide cylinder 1 having an open upper end, and the waste that overflows in a mountain shape from the upper end of the guide cylinder 1 is irradiated with heat rays from the periphery thereof to successively discharge the waste. A method for melting waste, comprising heating and melting to form slag, and the slag is dropped and discharged along the outer wall of the guide cylinder. 2. The waste in the guide cylinder is preheated by the slag that falls along the outer wall of the guide cylinder, and the gas generated by this preheating is discharged to the outside of the guide cylinder from the ventilation hole provided in the guide cylinder. The method for melting waste according to claim 1, characterized in that. 3. A drop passage 9 is formed between a guide cylinder 1 which is formed of a plate material in a tubular shape and whose upper end is open and whose lower end is closed by a bottom plate 2, and an outer peripheral surface of this guide cylinder 1. The outer cylinder 10 surrounding the guide cylinder 1, the melting chamber 12 formed of a space above the upper end of the guide cylinder 1, and the melting chamber 12 surrounding the melting chamber 12 and radiating heat rays toward the center of the melting chamber 12. Heat source device 1
3 and a waste supply chamber 4 provided below the bottom plate 2 of the guide cylinder 1.
A push-up feeder 7 that pushes up and feeds waste from the waste feed chamber 4 into the guide cylinder 1, and a drop chute 11 that is connected to the lower end of the drop passage 9 and guides slag discharge.
And a waste melting device. 4. The apparatus for melting waste according to claim 3, wherein the central vertical cross-sectional shape of the guide cylinder 1 is frustum-shaped so that the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the lower part toward the upper part. . 5. The waste melting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the plate material forming the guide cylinder 1 is provided with a large number of ventilation holes. 6. The waste melting device according to claim 3, 4 or 5, wherein the outer cylinder 10 is made of a heat insulating material. 7. The heat source device 13 is arranged in parallel with the side surface of the waste material that overflows in a mountain shape from the upper end of the guide tube 1 so that the surface of the waste material can be irradiated with heat rays at a substantially right angle. Item 3. A device for melting waste according to item 3, 4 or 5. 8. A halogen lamp is used as a heat source of the heat source device 13, wherein the halogen lamp is used as a heat source.
The described waste melting device. 9. The waste melting device according to claim 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein the guide cylinder 1 is made of a plate material having heat conductivity. 10. The waste melting apparatus A according to claim 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 is placed on a traveling carriage, and the waste melting apparatus A is mounted on the traveling carriage. A waste melting device comprising a waste supply device 29 for supplying waste to the waste supply chamber 4.