JPH0921796A - Method for measuring grain physical property for obtaining mortar or concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To measure the characteristics of a mixture by obtaining the underwater unit volume weight of a grain in the most dense state by compacting and filling it in water when obtaining such mixture as mortar where liquid and powder are added to the grain. CONSTITUTION: The grain of a target mixture includes river sand, a thin aggregate such as an artificial thin aggregate, and a fibrous material such as metal fiber and further, as mass-shaped bodies, a rough aggregate of ballast and macadam and each kind of aggregate for giving, for example, sound-screening and heat-insulating property. A liquid is obtained by mixing each kind of assistant and additive to representative water. Also, the grain includes a powdery body used for filling or increasing such as a special cement, stone powder, and clay. While the mixtures are most densely filled by compacting and filling operation, the underwater unit volume weight of the grain is obtained. The characteristics of, for example, the workability, breeding, and fluidizing behavior of the mixture can be measured from the weight and the blend design, manufacture, and control of the mixture of, for example, mortar and concrete can be logically executed by judging characteristics when the blend changes.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for measuring physical properties of granules for obtaining mortar or concrete, which is a liquid mixture of mortar or concrete nava and a cement mixture using the granules, particularly sand as the granules. A new method for rationally and appropriately adjusting the characteristics of the above-mentioned mixture using natural-produced particles such as artificial particles such as crushed sand and the like, and adjusting the mixture including designing and manufacturing, management, etc. It is intended to obtain quantitative physical properties.

That is, the present invention relates to a mixture obtained by mixing powders such as cement and fly ash, particles such as water and other liquids, sand and other fine aggregates, and, if necessary, lumps such as gravel. Workability, breathing, fluidity, and other properties are measured, and the properties of the mixture system at the time of blending change are determined.Furthermore, the fluidity and other properties of such a mixture can be stably obtained as the maximum state, or The present invention relates to a physical property measurement technique capable of rationalizing the design, manufacture, management, etc. of those compounds.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art It is well known that powders of hydraulic materials such as cement are often used for various types of civil engineering and construction, and mortar containing sand or other fine aggregate together with a liquid mainly composed of water is used. As for the characteristics of concrete in which coarse aggregate such as gravel or crushed stone or fiber material is also added, its characteristics can be basically obtained in the mixture of the above three, and an additive is appropriately added. Even if blended, they have the same relationship. The same thing is indispensable for the adjustment of materials for manufacturing various ceramic products or for obtaining other physical and chemical products. However, in the case of such adjustment, the existence of the liquid powder of the materials as described above is necessary. It is well known that the desired uniform preparation cannot be obtained due to the adsorption phenomenon (dispersion phenomenon on the other hand) below. Such a phenomenon affects the moldability or filling property, the breathability or the separability when obtaining the target product using such an adjusted product, and further affects the strength and other properties of the product obtained by molding and curing of the kneaded material, It also affects the transportation of the adjusted article and other handling operations. Therefore, although some consideration has been given to the adsorption phenomenon and the like, conventionally, it is only theoretically or qualitatively understood.

Under such conventional general technical conditions, the inventors of the present invention have disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 58-5216 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 59-131164) and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 245233/58. -139407),
In particular, we proposed a test measurement method for quantifying the adsorbed liquid on the surface of fine aggregate used for concrete or mortar, and a series of methods for adjusting a kneaded product using such test measurement results. That is, these prior application technologies are divided into those particles or liquids such as water adhering to the surface of the powder as described above, which are retained by the capillary phenomenon between particles and those adsorbed on the surface of particles. In particular, it is intended to quantitatively test and measure the latter, and moreover, it is possible to efficiently measure multiple samples under the same centrifugal force conditions, and that is the only reason such as concrete and mortar. Regarding the adjustment of kneading and adjustment, it is possible to separately understand what is conventionally understood as the same liquid as the conventional liquid and to quantitatively obtain the measurement results in response to each condition. It has achieved groundbreaking improvement results.

[0005]

The conventional general technique as described above relates to fine aggregate according to JIS standard,
For example, it is intended to grasp and adjust the liquid content of the kneaded product as described above by using the measured data such as the water absorption rate, the coarse particle rate, and the actual performance rate due to the surface dry saturated state, and the specific adjustment of the kneaded product. However, the physical properties cannot be accurately grasped and controlled. That is, it is well known that such a kneaded product needs physical properties such as separation breathing property, workability, pumping property, compaction property, etc. As a result, the characteristics of the kneaded product obtained are different, and, conversely, even if the cement is the same, the characteristics of the kneaded product obtained are different due to the different sand. Further, in order to densely fill and mold such a kneaded product, it is common to add vibration or other consolidation treatment,
In most cases, the behaviors or fluctuations of the kneaded material during such vibration and other consolidation treatments are largely different even if they are measured values according to the same JIS standard. In addition, when concrete is poured into a thick layer or when the form is vertical and the concrete is poured and filled, the appearance of the ready-mixed concrete or mortar that has been poured and filled will vary in various ways.

By the way, the present inventors divide the compounding water for such kneading, and evenly attach a part of the specific range to the fine aggregate, and then add cement to carry out the primary kneading,
Then, the remaining water is added and secondary kneading is carried out to obtain a kneaded product with less freezing and separation and excellent workability, and the strength and other properties of the resulting molded product are considerably increased under the same compounding conditions. Has developed an advantageous technology that can
Even if such a new technique is adopted, the degree of the above-mentioned various effects in the kneaded product obtained concretely becomes different due to the different fine aggregate.

In the above-mentioned prior art technology proposed by the present inventors to solve such a problem, not only the adsorbed liquid on the particle surface is distinguished from the adsorbed liquid on the particle surface, but the adsorbed liquid is quantitatively determined. Although it is a very effective method for clarifying, we made concrete measurements on this technology and examined the details of many results of adjusting concrete and mortar using the results. It was observed that the adjustment of mortar, concrete, etc. did not have the proper accuracy. That is, according to these experimental results, it is necessary to ensure mutual interference between aggregates such as fine aggregates and powder (fitting between cement and aggregate) and control of aggregates (including fine aggregates). Is not easy. In other words, the properties of aggregates such as surface roughness, material, shape, surface adsorption force, etc., which cannot be clarified by conventional JIS regulations, are largely related to the separation breathing property of concrete and mortar, workability, pumpability, compaction property, etc. It is presumed that they are involved, but it is not possible to accurately elucidate such relationships and obtain rational kneaded products.

Therefore, specifically, the trial kneading is repeated to determine the compounding and kneading conditions which are as advantageous as possible. However, such trial kneading requires a considerable man-hour and time to obtain one result. In general, it takes 4 weeks to obtain the strength of the obtained product. If it is repeatedly adjusted and tested, it will consume a very long time,
Can not respond to concrete construction immediately. For this reason, this trial kneading is basically based on the experience or intuition of each worker, etc., and it is necessary to test only those for which measurement results are required within a relatively short time and to estimate the whole. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain an exact match because it lacks rationality and it is necessary to expect a considerable error range.

[0009]

[Means for Solving the Problems] To obtain a mixture such as mortar or concrete in which water or other liquid and powder such as cement are added to sand, granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres or other particles. On the other hand, the physical properties of the granules for obtaining a mortar or concrete by preparing a close-packed state packing in which the granules are compacted and filled in water and determining the unit volume weight of the granules in water in the close-packed state. To measure.

In order to obtain a mixture such as mortar or concrete in which sand or granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres or other particles are mixed with water or other liquid and powder such as cement, the particles are mixed. Prepare a close-packed packing that has been compacted and filled in water, determine the unit volume weight of water in the close-packed state of the granules, and use this to obtain an interval between the granules to obtain mortar or concrete. The physical properties of the granules for obtaining the mortar or concrete are measured by determining the filling rate or the filling rate.

To obtain a mixture such as mortar or concrete in which sand or granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres or other particles are mixed with water or other liquid and powder such as cement, the particles are mixed. In addition to preparing a close-packed packing that has been subjected to a compaction filling operation in water, prepare a close-packed packed packing that has been similarly compacted and filled by absolutely dry, and prepare a unit volume weight of the granules in water in each close-packed state. The dry unit volume weight is determined, and the difference between these two unit volume weights is determined as the amount of fine sand used to obtain the mortar or concrete to determine the physical properties of the particles for obtaining the mortar or concrete.

[0012]

[Action] sand and granulated slag, artificial fine aggregates, water unit volume weight of the granular material in the densest state packing was compacted filling operation the mixture was added water or other liquid to the glass spheres other grains [rho _SW Is required, and the unit volume weight of the granules of such a close packed state is an important factor showing the physical properties of a mixture such as mortar and concrete in the cast state.

[0013] granules spacing [psi _S W in water under conditions of the particle, such as sand fulfilling skeletal function in the densest state packing from the [rho _{SW is, Ψ S W = (1-} S / ρ _SW ) × 100, and by such measurement values, provide accurate and highly accurate characteristic values in actual mortar, concrete, etc., and rationalize concrete adjustments related to the prediction, design and manufacturing of the mixture. .

Furthermore, the difference between the unit volume weight ρ _{SW of} water and the unit volume weight ρ _SD of the dry granules in the densest packed material which was similarly compacted in the absolutely dry condition is defined as the fine particle amount (fine sand amount). It can be determined, and even with such an amount of fine particles, the characteristics of the mortar or concrete obtained by using the particles (fine aggregate) are predicted and used as an index for designing or manufacturing.

[0015]

EXAMPLES To further explain the present invention as described above, the inventors of the present invention have kneaded products comprising the above-mentioned granules, powders and liquids, and kneaded products obtained by the compounding and kneading conditions or the kneaded products. An index that accurately grasps the behavior of such a kneaded product as a result of many years of practical examinations and speculations regarding the accurate prediction of the characteristics of the molded product and the rational adjustment of the kneaded product. As for the sand-like particles that perform a skeletal function in the mixture, the weight per unit volume in water of the close-packed particles formed in the close-packed particles or the spacing ratio between the particles in the close-packed particles is It was discovered that it has a decisive position for the properties of the kneaded product or its product, and the properties of the kneaded product obtained by determining the compounding and kneading conditions by utilizing such relations are accurately determined. Facie showing, was able to predict.

In the present invention, the powder used in the target mixture includes Portland cements, alumina cement, magnesia cement, gypsum, limes such as slaked lime, blast furnace slag, special cement such as expansion cement, fly ash, silica fume, There is a powdery material used for the purpose of filling or extending of stone powder, clay or mud and other inorganic or organic substances. Granules include river sand, sea sand, mountain sand, crushed sand, granular slag, fine aggregates such as artificial fine aggregates, fiber materials such as metal fibers and inorganic fibers, and gravel as aggregates.
There are coarse aggregates such as crushed stones, and these granules or agglomerates include various aggregates used for imparting sound insulation, heat insulation or fire resistance, nuclear isolation, lightness, weight, etc. . Water is a typical liquid, and a mixture of various auxiliary agents or additives such as a water reducing agent, a quick setting agent, and plastics is widely used.

However, the present inventor applies a dehydrating force such as a centrifugal force to a granular material such as the above-mentioned fine aggregate to which a sufficient and large amount of water has been attached, so that the water content of the aggregate can be reduced. Although it gradually decreases with an increase, it was confirmed that there is a limit relative adsorbed water ratio that does not decrease the water content even if the dehydration power increases beyond a certain limit. Similarly, regarding the powder, when the powder reaches the capillary region where the powders are substantially in contact with each other, water is filled between the powder particles, and air is substantially absent, It is confirmed that the adsorbed water rate exists. Further, regarding the measurement of the limit relative adsorbed water rate for the above-mentioned granules, a method has been established in which the effect of contact liquid between the granules can be avoided by using powder in combination and an accurate measurement result can be obtained.

In the present invention, in addition to these newly developed technologies by the present inventors, the close packed state packing as described above has been clarified, and the unit volume weight of the particles in water and the spacing between the particles are described. It seeks the rate. That is, the inventors of the present invention used the powder in combination with the above-described fine aggregate and the like to determine the amount of the adsorbed liquid, so that the influence of contact liquid between the aggregates can be maintained. If the amount of liquid is excluded to obtain an accurate measurement result, and if a centrifugal force is applied to a mixed system composed of such a granular or fibrous material such as aggregate, powder and liquid, then the liquid is removed. , The amount of adsorbed liquid changes due to the change of the centrifugal force acting, that is, the amount of adsorbed liquid to the aggregate gradually decreases as the centrifugal force increases. If it exceeds, even if the centrifugal force is further increased, there is almost no fluctuation in the amount of adsorbed liquid, and it is confirmed that there is a point at which the tendency of decrease in the amount of adsorbed liquid as described above is inflection. Adsorption water is the limit It is understood as.

However, such a critical adsorbed water rate changes to some extent by changing one or more of the used aggregates, powders or liquids, and therefore the adsorbed water rate which is specifically obtained. Is a relative limit adsorbed water rate, and such a limit reference adsorbed water rate exists in any mixed system from many experimental results, and is always constant in the same mixed composition. For example, river sand from Fujikawa (Q: 2.49, FM: 2.65, specific gravity surface dry ρ _H : 2.5
8, ρ _D : 2.52, ρ _V : 1.739, ε: 31%, S
m: 65.3 cm ² / g) and ordinary Portland cement and water, which is a typical liquid, and sand-cement ratio (S / C)
No. 58-245233 proposed by the inventors of the present invention to each sample in which 0, 1, 2, and 3 were changed.
No. 60-139407), the result of various dehydration treatments from centrifugal force of 30 G (G is weight) to 1000 G is the water content W _P of the cement paste with S / C of 0.
/ C varies depending on the centrifugal force acting as described above.

Further, when sand is mixed with this and the water content becomes higher as the S / C value becomes higher, the degree of increase in water content with the increase of S / C from the case of the above cement paste is as follows. Constant centrifugal force (eg 150G-200G)
Even if it becomes the above, there is almost no change despite the increase in centrifugal force. That is, in a relatively low gravitational region such as 100 G or less, the process measurement is performed under a condition of a centrifugal force difference such as 30 G, 60 G, 80 G, and 100 G, whereas when 200 G or more, a large measurement such as 100 G or more is performed. Even if it was processed and measured under the condition of centrifugal force difference,
A change from G to 200 G results in a relatively large decrease in water content in any S / C case, and even if the gravity condition becomes larger than this, the degree of this decrease in water content is significantly reduced. In addition, the ascending inclination angle θ ₁ on the chart with the increase of S / C is substantially constant,
There is almost no change. For example, in the case of 483G and 1000G, the ascending inclination angle θ ₁ is constant regardless of the centrifugal force increase of 500G or more, and even in the case of 200G, it is substantially parallel to the case of 1000G.

With respect to the above results, let W _Z be the total water content after the action of centrifugal force, C be the amount of cement, S be the amount of sand, and W _{P be} the water content of the powder after the action of centrifugal force. Further, assuming that the water content of sand after the action of centrifugal force is W _S and the tangent (tan θ ₁ ) of the inclination angle θ ₁ after the centrifugal force treatment is β, the above W _Z / C is given by the following formula 1. Like

[0022]

[Formula 1] W _Z / C = W _P / C + βS / C

Further, β is expressed by the following equation 2.

[0024]

## EQU2 ## β = tan θ ₁ = (W _S / C) / (S / C) = W _S / S

Therefore, the water content W _S of the above-mentioned sand is calculated by the following equation 3
It looks like

[0026]

[Formula 3] W _S = W _Z −W _P

On the other hand, β is the water content obtained by dividing the water content of sand by the sand content, and this is taken as the limit relative adsorbed water content of the aggregate. However, when W _Z / C was concretely obtained by the equation 1 and its accuracy (r ² ) was examined, it was as shown in Table 1 below.

[0028]

[Table 1]

That is, the accuracy r ² was confirmed to be at least 0.98 or more, and it was confirmed that the accuracy r ² was extremely high.

Regarding such a result, the centrifugal force G
The above β, that is, the relationship of W _S / S, the relative adsorbed water ratio β gradually decreases up to 200 G described above, but when it exceeds 200 G, the relative adsorbed water ratio β does not almost decrease and a substantially horizontal straight line is obtained. It is clear that effective dehydration results are obtained.
That is, the decrease in the relative adsorbed water ratio β up to
An angle θ ₂ formed by a substantially horizontal straight line when a centrifugal force of 0 G or more is applied is obtained, and this θ ₂ will vary depending on each aggregate, but the angle of θ ₂ depends on each aggregate. It can be said that the interface dehydration rate per 1 G, which is representative of the dehydration property depending on the magnitude of the dehydration energy. As described above, the value at which the relative adsorbed water rate hardly changes even if the centrifugal force increases can be said to be the limit adsorbed water rate (β ₀ ) for the aggregate. The maximum relative adsorbed water rate β ₀ max is the intersection of the inclination line of θ ₂ and the point of gravity 0, and the total relative adsorbed water rate β _GO of the aggregate is the limit adsorbed water rate β ₀ plus β ₀ max. Therefore, the adsorbed water rate β ₀ max is dehydrated by the centrifugal force treatment, and the centrifugal force value that does not substantially change the adsorbed water rate due to the increase in the centrifugal force is G as described above.
It can be obtained as max.

On the other hand, the fact that the water content in the capillary region of the powder paste is close to the maximum value of the torque during the kneading operation is similarly disclosed by the present inventors in FIG. 4 of JP-A-58-56815. (Although it is referred to as a funicular or a capillary in the publication, it is confirmed to be a capillary region by the subsequent examination). That is, in the case where the powder in the completely dry state is kneaded while gradually adding water, the kneading torque increases as the amount of water gradually increases, and thus the torque gradually increased as the amount of water increases reaches the torque maximum point. If the amount of water further increases after this, the torque will gradually decrease. This is because the water in the paste completely fills the gaps between the powder particles to form a slurry state, and the fluidity increases as the amount of water between the powder particles gradually increases.
In other words, the kneading torque becomes maximum in the capillary region immediately before the voids between the powder particles are completely filled with water (slurry), and thus a kneaded product adjusted with such a maximum kneading torque is used. It is shown in the above-mentioned publication that the generation of breathing water is effectively reduced in some cases, and the product obtained from such a kneaded product is excellent in strength and other properties.

By the way, the present inventor has proposed a powder as described above,
As for the kneaded material composed of granules and liquid, as a result of examining the case where the adsorbed water ratio β does not substantially decrease even if the acting force is further increased by centrifugal force as described above, as a result, in this case, The centrifugal force is, for example, 150-200G
Since it is as high as (there are slight differences in each case depending on the properties of the granules), pores are generated in the filling tissue, and when simply dehydrating, the rabbit and horn are different from the actual filling and placing tissue. In view of the above, the centrifugal force of 150 to 200 G is obtained by a method other than the centrifugal force that does not generate pores as described above.
As a result of investigating the formation of the same state as the one that was made to act, it was confirmed that an equivalent state could be formed by a tamping method or a vibration method.

That is, as a method of this kind, the present inventor has made detailed examinations on many combinations of fine aggregate and cement powder, and as a result, the tamping method has a diameter of 1
About 500 cc of a sample was loaded into a cylindrical container (capacity mass) having a volume of 1000 cc with a height of 1.4 cm and a height of 9.8 cm, and then a table flow ram having a weight of 500 g was used to make an average of 25 within the entire container. Perform the tamping operation more than once, then perform the stamping operation of raising the surface by 2-3 cm from the support table and dropping it three times or more to average the tamped and packed state, and then insert another 500 cc sample and tamper the same. Operation and stamping are preferable (however, the same test conditions are adopted for all samples in a series of test measurements)
In this method, W /
When considering various grades of C, the highest capacity value is obtained when the W / C of the obtained tamped packing has a specific value. For example, glass spheres having a diameter of 0.075 to 5 mm are used as a reference material which is in conformity with the particle size composition of sand as fine aggregate and which has a uniform shape. Boltland cement is added to this as S / C = 1. When the W / C of the compounded sample was changed sequentially and variously and the filling by the above-mentioned tamping was performed, the results shown in the following Table 2 were obtained, and W / C was 28% as a unit. The volume weight (hereinafter referred to as “capacity”) ρ is 2235 g, and the highest filled state can be obtained, and the weight ρ becomes small regardless of whether W / C is lower or higher.

[0034]

[Table 2]

Similarly, when the same glass ball and Portland cement are used and S / C is set to 3, the weight ρ is 2227 g when W / C is about 33%, and 1% from this W / C value. When the weight becomes higher or lower, the appearance that the weight ρ becomes lower is the same as in the case of Table 2, and S
When / C is set to 6, the capacity ρ shows the highest value when W / C is about 48%, and the capacity ρ decreases even if it becomes higher or lower due to the fluctuation of the W / C value. To do.

Such an aspect is obtained in the case of natural sand (river sand, sea sand, mountain sand) or artificial sand (crushed sand or slag particles) in which glass spheres as the reference material are generally used as fine aggregates. The appearance of the peak point in relation to the W / C value is common to the appearance of the peak point of the kneading torque of the powder (cement). As shown in W /
C is substantially the same as that when the centrifugal force treatment of 150 G to 200 G is performed.

That is, in the present invention, the filling state by such a method is referred to as the closest packing state, and this state is performed in water, so that it is well matched to the actual filling and placing state of this kind of kneaded product. Therefore, it was decided to use it as a preferable representative test method. The tamping with a stick was performed 25 times for each of the upper and lower layers, and the stamping was performed 3 times for each layer.

By the way, as a result of carrying out the test measurement in such a close packed state on many samples, the α value and the β value were similar to the amount of water and the amount of sand in this kind of kneaded product. However, I discovered that there are some factors that cannot be elucidated. That is, such a factor is required in any sample in which cement and sand are variously changed, but the same glass spheres, Sagamikawa crushed sand, and Fujikawa sand in the measurement examples described later are used as granules. In this, ordinary Portland cement was adopted as powder, and various kneaded products having various S / C were prepared to prepare the close packed state, and the water amount W / C was calculated as the cement amount. On the other hand, the results obtained by calculating α and β as described above and the measured values of the actual kneaded product are compared and shown in summary in FIG. In other words, the measured value indicated by the blank measuring point is considerably deviated from the calculated value indicated by the solid measuring point, and the third factor other than α and β is manipulated further than that. It can be said that it exists in the closest packed state in which the water content does not substantially change even when a force is applied.

More specifically, in a state where the S / C is about 1 and the amount of sand is relatively small, a large amount of powder (cement) is present between the sand particles. Even if it is considered that it is the third factor, even if this S / C is 2 or 3 or more and the powder (cement) is in a relatively small amount, such a calculated value As shown in the drawing, the deviation between the measured value and the measured value does not decrease at all, and tends to increase regularly. That is, it is clear that not only α and β described above but also the third factor acts on the liquid in the kneaded material composed of such powder, particles and liquid.

Therefore, as a result of repeated investigations by the present inventors to elucidate such a third factor, the third factor is eventually caused by the structure or structure of the kneaded mixture filled inside. It should be called the retained water,
When considering such a structure or structure with respect to the filling structure of such a kneaded material, it is clear that the skeletal function or structure is sand, and such a skeletal function or structure is formed. It is considered that the degree of porosity (loosening rate or filling state) between the granular particles such as sand is the dominant function. However, it is unavoidable that the fine particles (fine sand) that do not have the above-mentioned skeletal function or structure are adhering to the particles such as sand obtained as a raw material for kneading. Therefore, proper clarification cannot be achieved without using the one obtained by subtracting such fine particles (fine sand). However, what is appropriate and how to obtain such fine particles (fine sand) is accurate even if it is considered in the past by performing classification with fine and fine sieves. Not a thing. The present inventor has discovered the fact that when the actual rate measurement of sand is carried out in water to the extent that the porosity in the compacted state of the conventional absolutely dry compaction method is satisfied, the actual rate increases, but this is due to the fine particle content. (Fine sand content), and the fine particle rate (fine powder rate) M _S related to this fine particle amount is specifically determined by the following formula 4.

[0041]

(4) M _S = (ρ _SW −ρ _SD ) / ρ _S × 100

However, ρ _SW is the bulk specific gravity in water, and ρ _SD
Is the bulk specific gravity in the absolutely dry state.

Further, in the case where the fine particle ratio (fine powder ratio) is obtained as described above, the interval ratio Ψ between the particles such as sand which plays an important skeletal function as the third factor as described above.
_S is in reality a water conditions, the interval rate [psi _S W in the water conditions is obtained by the following equation 5.

[0044]

[Number 5] _{Ψ S W = (1-S} / ρ SW) × 100

Therefore, when the absolute dry state is used as a reference, it should be corrected, and the interparticle spacing rate Ψ _S D in this absolute dry state is given by the following equation 6. It is apparent that the sample under water conditions obtained by the above equation 5 becomes an absolutely dry state by drying until the weight becomes constant.

[0046]

## EQU6 ## Ψ _S D = (1−S / ρ _SW ) × 100 (%)

Further, the absolute dry unit volume weight ρ _SD is measured by putting the absolutely dry sand into the above-mentioned container (mass) in three layers, and for each one of the layers, the left and right side surfaces are respectively 10 times (total 20 times). ) Lightly tap with a mallet, and after filling, flatten the top surface with a regular tree with triangular corners and measure the weight.

Further, the measurement of the unit volume weight ρ _{SW in} water is as follows.
Prepare water in a 500 ml measuring cylinder separately from the above,
It is also measured as follows. That is, 100 ml of water was placed in the container (mass: 1000 cc), and then dry sand corresponding to one-third of the container depth was placed in the container. 20 times) Tap with a mallet,
Further, add sand corresponding to a depth of up to two-thirds, stir in the same manner, and tap it with a mallet for a total of 20 times. In the same manner, insert sand and water alternately 2 to 3 mm below the top of the container, beat 20 times, then add only sand so that the sand surface and the water surface are the same on the top surface of the container, and if necessary. Water or use a pipette to absorb the water, and then perform the operation of returning the absorbed water to the graduated cylinder, and level it with a metal spatula so that the sand surface and the water surface are the same and smooth on the top surface of the container. Then, the total weight (W) is measured and the underwater unit volume weight ρ _SW is obtained by the equation 7.

[0049]

[Formula 7] ρ _SW = [W- {a + (500-b) / ρ _W }] /
1000 x 1 / V where a: tare of container b: amount of water remaining in graduated cylinder V: volume of container 1000cc in this case

With each method as described above, a diameter of 0.075 to 5
mm glass spheres, Fujikawa sand, and Sagamikawa crushed sand were used to measure each sample with a sand (glass sphere) / cement weight ratio (S / C) of 0 to 6 and the spacing rate between particles (or filling rate). ) Or the amount of fine particles or the fine particle ratio is shown in Tables 3 to 5 below.

In these Tables 3 to 5, W _P is the water content in the capillary region of cement, S _W is the limit relative adsorbed water amount of sand, W _P / C × 100 is the above α, and S _{W is} / S × 100 is the β. Furthermore W _W is the cement (C), a structure in water but sand (S) and their α and beta, even angular whether the rabbits that how the specific flow or forming of at least flow Or it should be called the workable water content because it has a potential contribution to molding. Furthermore, ρ _SD , which should be called ρ _SV D to be exact, is the absolute dry bulk density of sand, and ρ _SW
Is also called ρ _SV W, which is the bulk specific gravity of sand under water, as opposed to the dry condition of ρ _SD .

[0052]

[Table 3]

[0053]

[Table 4]

[0054]

[Table 5]

[0055] Thus when due to measurements, such as a new measurement [rho _SW and [rho _SW and [psi _S W above third to fifth table obtained using the present invention as described above is the new [psi _S
By analyzing the relationship between W and the workable water volume W _W , the particles are made of glass spheres, river sand and crushed sand as described above,
Regardless of the nature it will be obvious to those yl, it was confirmed that those throat change without predetermined relationship is obtained N殆orderly between this W _W and the [psi _S W. That is, when such a result is obtained, it is possible to obtain an overall regression curve or an individual regression curve by a logarithmic regression equation or an exponential regression equation, and by using such a result, Ψ _S If W is required, it is possible to obtain the workable water amount W _W almost appropriately,
Therefore, it is possible to effectively judge the amount of breathing water or fluidity, and further the strength and other characteristics of the molded product.

[0056]

According to the present invention as described above, with respect to a mixture of powder such as cement, granules such as sand and liquid such as water, it is necessary to avoid the repeated trial kneading and the statistical method as in the conventional method. , The unit volume weight of water in the closest packed state of the granular material such as sand having a skeletal structure or function in the kneaded material, or the interval ratio between the granular materials is obtained, and these new measurements are made. The amount of fluid required water, breathing water, etc. are clarified quantitatively in detail according to the value, and rational clarification is made corresponding to the actual condition of the actual mixture, especially the kneading material such as concrete and mortar, and stable quality with little variation It has the effect of predicting, planning and appropriately obtaining products, and is an invention that has a great industrial effect.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 W / C and S / C in a close packed mixture.
FIG. 4 is a chart showing the calculated state and the actually measured value together with the change state.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. When obtaining a mixture such as mortar or concrete in which sand or granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres or other particles are mixed with water or other liquid and powder such as cement, the particles are used. A method for measuring physical properties of granules for obtaining mortar or concrete, characterized in that a densest packed material prepared by compacting and filling a body in water is prepared, and a unit volume weight of the granules in water in the densest state is determined. . 2. When obtaining a mixture such as mortar or concrete in which sand or granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres or other particles are mixed with water or other liquid and powder such as cement, the particles are used. Prepare a densest packing in which the body is compacted and filled in water, determine the unit volume weight of the granules in water in the closest packed state, and use this to obtain the mortar or concrete between the granules. A physical property measuring method for granules for obtaining mortar or concrete, which is characterized by obtaining a space ratio or a filling ratio. 3. When obtaining a mixture such as mortar or concrete in which sand or granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres or other particles are mixed with water or other liquid and powder such as cement, the particles are used. Prepare a close-packed state that the body was compacted and filled in water, and also prepared a close-packed state that was similarly dried and compacted and filled, and the unit volume weight of the granules in water in each close-packed state. And the absolute dry unit volume weight are obtained, and the difference between these unit volume weights is obtained as the amount of fine sand used to obtain the mortar or concrete. A method for measuring physical properties of granules for obtaining mortar or concrete. .