JPH09195898A - Starter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a starter in which the deterioration of reliability is not allowed with a simple structure, and the starting of a motor can be conducted with two steps. SOLUTION: A rotation regulating shaft 7 made of an elastic body such as a plate spring and the like is driven by a magnet switch 8 at the starting time of the motor 2 and is engaged with an engaging groove 30 formed on the outer peripheral face of an outer 28 so as to regulate the rotation of a one-way clutch 6. The motor 2 has first coil 14a connected in parallel and second coil 14b, the first coil 14a is connected to an exciting coil 32 in a magnet switch 8 in series, and the second coil 14b is connected to the motor contact (the other fixed contact) in the magnet switch 8 in series. When the starter switch is ON-operated, at first current flows only in the first coil 14a so as to start at a low voltage. Thereafter, the motor contact is closed so that the current flows also in the second coil 14b so as to conduct high speed rotation with the full voltage.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a starter for starting an internal combustion engine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A starter for starting a motor in two stages has been proposed in order to smoothly engage a pinion with a ring gear of an engine. As a method of starting the motor in two stages, for example, a resistor is connected to the motor current circuit, and a current is passed through the resistor at a voltage lower than the rating until the pinion meshes with the ring gear, and the pinion meshes with the ring gear. After that, a method is known in which a resistor is short-circuited and a current is passed through a motor at a rated voltage.

[0003]

However, in the above method, in addition to the motor contact (fixed contact and movable contact) interposed in the current circuit, a sub fixed contact connected to the fixed contact via a resistor, A sub movable contact corresponding to the sub fixed contact is provided, and the sub movable contact is operated together with the movable contact in conjunction with the plunger of the magnet switch.
Moreover, it is necessary to bring the auxiliary movable contact into contact with the auxiliary fixed contact before the movable contact comes into contact with the fixed contact. As described above, the method of connecting the resistor to the current circuit has a problem that the number of parts increases, the structure becomes complicated, and the reliability is deteriorated. The present invention has been made based on the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a starter capable of starting a motor in two stages with a simple structure without lowering reliability. .

[0004]

According to the structure of claim 1 of the present invention, the field coil of the motor is composed of the first coil and the second coil connected in parallel, and the first coil and the magnet switch. A first current path through which a current flows to the armature through the excitation coil of and a second current path when the motor contact is closed.
By providing the current circuit having the second current path through which the current flows through the coil to the armature, the first pinion is moved until the pinion moves a predetermined amount in order to mesh with the ring gear.
Only the coil is energized and the low magnetomotive force generated in the field device causes the motor to rotate at a low speed, and the pinion moves a predetermined amount so that it can safely drive the ring gear, and then engages.
When the motor contact is closed by the operation of the magnet switch, the second coil is also energized to generate a total magnetomotive force in the field device, and the motor rotates at high speed. In this way, since the motor can be started in two stages with a simple configuration without increasing the number of parts, the reliability is also excellent.

According to the structure of claim 2, since the exciting coil is formed by using the conductor of the first coil as it is,
It is no longer necessary to prepare a coil winding conductor separately from the field coil to form a coil, and a very inexpensive starter can be supplied.

[0006]

Next, a starter according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, a motor having four poles (field poles) and all four field coils connected in parallel will be described. The starter 1 according to the present embodiment includes a motor 2 that generates a rotational force by receiving electric power, an output shaft 3 that is rotationally driven by the motor 2,
A pinion 5 rotatably supported on the outer periphery of the output shaft 3 via a bearing 4, a one-way clutch 6 for transmitting the rotational force of the motor 2 to the pinion 5, and a rotation of the one-way clutch 6 when the motor 2 is started. The rotation restricting shaft 7 (the rotation restricting member of the present invention) and the motor contact (described later) interposed in the current circuit (see FIG. 4) of the motor 2 are opened and closed, and the rotation restricting shaft 7 is opened when the motor 2 is started. It is composed of a magnet switch 8 and the like to be driven.

The motor 2 includes an armature 9 rotatably supported, field means (described below) arranged on the outer circumference of the armature 9, and a cylindrical yoke 1 covering the outer circumference of the field means.
0, a commutator 1 formed at the rear end of the armature 9
1, a brush 12 (a positive electrode brush 12a, a negative electrode brush 12b) and the like that are in sliding contact with each other. The field magnet means is composed of a pole core 13 fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 10 and a field coil 14 (field coil of the present invention) wound around the pole core 13. Here, one pole of the four-pole field coil 14 is wound around the pole core 13 by stacking a first coil 14a and a second coil 14b, which are connected in parallel, in upper and lower two stages. 4). The winding specifications are set so that magnetic fields similar to those of the other three poles can be generated in the upper and lower two stages. Output shaft 3
Is provided integrally with the shaft 9a of the armature 9,
Its tip is rotatably supported by a housing 16 via a bearing 15. The rear end of the armature shaft 9a is rotatably supported by an end cover 18 via a bearing 17.

When the pinion 5 moves forward on the output shaft 3 together with the one-way clutch 6 (moves leftward in FIG. 1),
Since the tooth traces of the engine and the ring gear 19 of the engine match with each other, the ring gear 19 and the ring gear 19 can mesh with each other. The pinion 5 is biased rearward (on the side of the motor 2) by a spring 20 arranged on the outer periphery of the output shaft 3 on the front side of the pinion 5. The spring 20 has a stop collar 2 fixed to the output shaft 3 via a snap ring 21.
2, a washer 23 rotatably provided, and a pinion 5
Is provided between the washer 24 and the washer 24, which is rotatably provided on the front end face of the. It should be noted that the stop collar 22 is integrally provided with a stopper 25 that restricts the maximum movement position when the pinion 5 moves forward on the output shaft 3. The pinion 5 comes into contact with the stopper 25 and the maximum movement position of the pinion 5 is restricted, so that the compression collapse of the spring 20 can be prevented.

The one-way clutch 6 is fitted on the outer periphery of an inner arm 26 and an armature shaft 9a provided integrally with the pinion 5 via a helical spline 27 to form an outer member 2.
8, the outer 2 is arranged between the inner 26 and the outer 28.
The roller 29 and the like which transmit the rotation of 8 to the inner 26 are configured. A large number of engagement grooves 30 (see FIG. 3) along the axial direction are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer 28 over the entire circumference of the outer 28. The one-way clutch 6 transmits the rotational force of the outer 28 to the inner 26 by connecting the outer 28 and the inner 26 via the roller 29 when the outer 28 rotates by receiving the rotational force of the armature 9. You can Also, when the pinion 5 meshed with the ring gear 19 receives the rotational force of the engine and rotates, the outer 2
Since the rotation speed of the inner 26 is higher than the rotation speed of 8, the roller 29 separates the outer 28 and the inner 26 from each other, whereby the overrun of the armature 9 can be prevented. The pinion moving body of the present invention is the pinion 5
And a one-way clutch 6.

The magnet switch 8 includes a switch cover 31, an exciting coil 32, a fixed iron core 33, and a plunger 3.
4, a return spring 35, a motor contact, etc., and is installed so that the operation direction of the plunger 34 is radial with respect to the one-way clutch 6 on the outer periphery of the one-way clutch 6.

The switch cover 31 is formed into a cup shape by press working and is fixed to the housing 16 with screws (not shown) or the like. The exciting coil 32 is
FIG. 5 (first coil 14a and exciting coil 32 form a figure 8) or FIG. 6 (first coil 14a and exciting coil 32).
The first coil 1 of the motor 2 has the shape of a gourd.
The coil is pulled out from the middle of 4a and is formed as a coil having an axis different from the axis of the pole core 13 (see FIG. 4). The fixed iron core 33 holds the exciting coil 32 and forms a magnetic path of the exciting coil 32 together with the plunger 34. The plunger 34 is movably arranged in the hollow inside of the exciting coil 32, and is attracted downward in the drawing by the magnetic force generated when the exciting coil 32 is energized. The return spring 35 is provided between the motor contact support portion at the rear end of the plunger 34 and the fixed iron core 33, and when the energization of the exciting coil 32 is stopped, the plunger 34 that has been attracted up to that point is initialized. Return to the position (position shown in FIG. 1).

The motor contact has a fixed iron core 33 and an insulator 37.
Through a pair of fixed contacts 38 (38a, 38a
b) and a movable contact 39 provided at the rear end of the plunger 34 facing the fixed contact 38. When the exciting coil 32 is energized and the plunger 34 is attracted,
The movable contact 39 moves integrally with the plunger 34 and comes into contact with each fixed contact 38, so that one fixed contact 38a and the other fixed contact 38b are electrically connected. However, one fixed contact 38a is connected to the battery terminal 40 fixed to the end cover 18 together with one end side of the first coil 14a, and the other fixed contact 38b is connected to one end side of the second coil 14b. There is. The other end of the second coil 14b is connected to the positive electrode brush 12a (see FIG. 4). The battery terminal 40 is connected to the starter switch 4
When 1 is turned on, power is supplied from the battery 43 through the relay 42 (see FIG. 4). As shown in FIG. 4, the current circuit of the motor 2 includes a first current path through which current flows to the armature 9 through the first coil 14a and the exciting coil 32, and a second current path when the motor contact is closed as the plunger 34 moves. A second current path through which a current flows through the coil 14b to the armature 9.

The rotation restricting shaft 7 is made of an elastic body such as a leaf spring, and is connected to the tip of a plunger 34 as shown in FIG.
The tip of the shaft 7 reaches the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface of the outer 28 after passing through a. Here, the relationship between the length l1 from the end surface of the rotation restricting shaft 7 on the pinion 5 side to the end surface of the outer 28 on the motor side and the length l2 from the front end surface of the pinion 5 to the end surface of the stopper 25 are l1 <l2 To do. Further, the distance l3 from the tip of the rotation restricting shaft 7 to the groove bottom of the engaging groove 30 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer 28 and the maximum distance (air gap) that the plunger 34 can move when the exciting coil 32 is energized. The relationship with l4 is l3 <l
Let's say 4. However, when the air gap l4 = 0, the movable contact 39 contacts the fixed contact 38.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. When the starter switch 41 is turned on, power is supplied from the battery 43 to the battery terminal 40 via the relay 42, and the armature 9 is energized via the first coil 14a of the motor 2 and the exciting coil 32 of the magnet switch 8. At this time, the field coil that is energized as the field device is only the first coil 14a, and the armature 9 starts to rotate at a low speed in response to the weak magnetic field excited by the first coil 14a. On the other hand, when the plunger 34 is attracted by the magnetomotive force generated by the exciting coil 32, the tip of the rotation regulating shaft 7 that moves integrally with the plunger 34 engages with the engagement groove 30 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer 28. . Therefore, in the one-way clutch 6, the rotation force of the armature 9 is transmitted to the one-way clutch 6 via the helical spline 27 in a state where the rotation is restricted by the rotation restricting shaft 7. It moves forward on the output shaft 3 along the helical spline 27 against the power.

Here, when the tooth traces of the pinion 5 and the ring gear 19 match each other, the pinion 5 further advances while meshing with the ring gear 19 and abuts against the stopper 25 (at this time, the pinion 5 and the ring gear 19 are stopped). It is in a completely meshed state). At this point, the above l1 <
Due to the relationship of l2, the tip of the rotation regulating shaft 7 is the outer 28
Since it is disengaged from the engaging groove 30, the plunger 34 receiving the suction force is further sucked until the air gap becomes 0, and the tip of the rotation restricting shaft 7 falls into the motor-side end surface of the outer 28. In the state where the pinion 5 moves forward and meshes with the ring gear 19, the biasing force of the spring 20 increases, and after the engine is started, the pinion 5 receives the rotational force from the engine through the ring gear 19 and the backward force that acts on the pinion 5. However, since the rotation restricting shaft 7 falls on the motor-side end surface of the outer 28, it is possible to prevent the pinion 5 from moving backward while the pinion 5 is meshing with the ring gear 19.

When the plunger 34 is sucked until the air gap becomes zero, the movable contact 39 comes into contact with the fixed contact 38 to establish conduction between the fixed contacts 38a and 38b. As a result, in the motor 2, a current also flows through the second coil 14b and the other three-pole field coil 14 together with the first coil 14a, and is generated in all the field coils 14 including the first coil 14a and the second coil 14b. Due to the large magnetomotive force, the rotational force necessary to start the engine can be generated. The rotational force of the motor 2 is transmitted to the pinion 5 via the one-way clutch 6 (the rotation restriction of the one-way clutch 6 is released at this point), so that the ring gear 19 meshing with the pinion 5 is driven at high speed. It can rotate and start the engine.

On the other hand, when the pinion 5 moves forward to the ring gear 19 side together with the one-way clutch 6 while the rotation is restricted by the rotation restricting shaft 7, the end faces of the pinion 5 and the ring gear 19 may collide with each other and may not mesh with each other. obtain. In this case, since the one-way clutch 6 and the pinion 5 cannot move forward, the rotation regulating shaft 7 tries to bend by receiving the rotational force of the armature 9. This allows
The one-way clutch 6 deforms (deflects) the rotation restricting shaft 7.
Since the pinion 5 that rotates together with the one-way clutch 6 reaches a position where it can mesh with the ring gear 19 while rotating by one tooth pitch, it can mesh with the ring gear 19. After the pinion 5 meshes with the ring gear 19, the operation is the same as described above.

After the engine is started, when the starter switch 41 is turned off to stop the power supply to the battery terminal 40, all the field coils 14 including the first coil 14a and the second coil 14b and the exciting coil 32 are energized. Stops and the magnetic forces from the coils 14a, 14b, 14, 32 disappear. As a result, the rotating force of the armature 9 is stopped, and the plunger 34 is returned to the initial position by the return spring 35. With the return of the plunger 34, the rotation restricting shaft 7 is disengaged from the motor-side end surface of the outer 28 and the initial position. Return to. As a result, the pinion 5 and the one-way clutch 6, which have been prevented from moving backward by the rotation restricting shaft 7, return to the initial position by the biasing force of the spring 20 and the backward force received from the ring gear 19.

(Effect of this embodiment) Motor 2 of this embodiment
When the starter switch 41 is turned on, first, a current flows only in the first coil 14a to start with a low magnetomotive force, and then the motor contact is closed by the operation of the magnet switch 8 to close the entire field including the second coil 14b. Coil 14
In addition, the current flows, so that high-speed rotation can be achieved by the total magnetomotive force. In this way, the motor 2 can be started in two stages with a simple configuration without increasing the number of parts, and therefore, the reliability is superior to that of the conventional product (the one in which a resistor is connected to the current circuit). .

Further, the motor contact is open until the rotation restricting shaft 7 is disengaged from the engaging groove 30 of the outer 28 and falls into the motor side end surface of the outer 28 after the pinion 5 is engaged with the ring gear 19. No current flows through the two coils 14b. Therefore, even after the pinion 5 meshes with the ring gear 19, the motor 2 is started with a low magnetomotive force and rotates at a low speed while the rotation restriction shaft 7 is engaged with the engagement groove 30 of the outer 28. As a result, pinion 5
When the gear meshes with the ring gear 19, an excessive impact does not occur, and damage to each component of the starter 1 (pinion 5, output shaft 3, one-way clutch 6, etc.) and the ring gear 19 can be prevented.

In this embodiment, the pinion 5 and the ring gear 1
Even if the two collide with each other and do not mesh with each other, the rotation regulating shaft 7 capable of bending in the rotation direction of the pinion moving body receives the rotational force of the armature 9 and bends, whereby the one-way clutch 6 and The pinion 5 has a structure in which the rotation restricting shaft 7 can rotate by the amount of bending. As a result, the pinion 5 reaches the position where it can mesh with the ring gear 19 while rotating at least one tooth pitch.
When the tooth traces of the pinion 5 and the ring gear 19 are aligned with each other, the two can engage with each other. As a result, defective engagement between the pinion 5 and the ring gear 19 can be prevented.

(Modification) In this embodiment, the first coil 14 is used.
Although a and one fixed contact 38a are both connected to the battery terminal 40, as shown in FIG. 7, the first coil 14a is connected to the battery terminal 40 and one fixed contact 38a is directly connected to the battery 43. It may be connected to the terminal 44. In the present embodiment, the rotation restricting shaft 7 is configured to bend in the rotation direction, but the engaging member having the engaging groove 30 formed on the outer peripheral surface is made of an elastic body, and the engaging member is coupled to the outer 28. You may. In this case, even if the rotation restricting shaft 7 is a rigid body, the engagement member itself that engages with the rotation restricting shaft 7 is deformed (deflected) in the rotation direction to cause the pinion 5 and the ring gear 19 to mesh with each other. You can also

In the present embodiment, in the case where the pinion 5 and the one-way clutch 6 are integrated in the pinion moving body, the rotation of the outer periphery of the one-way clutch 6 is restricted, but the pinion 5 and the one-way clutch 6 are separated. In addition, the rotation of the outer periphery of the pinion 5 as the pinion moving body may be restricted. Further, the motor 2 has a quadrupole field and
Although the embodiment has parallel poles connected in parallel with each other, it is obvious that the same invention can be applied even if the number of poles other than 4 poles is not established, or if all the field coils 14 are not connected in parallel.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a starter.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of a starter.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a relationship between an engagement groove and a rotation restricting shaft.

FIG. 4 is a current circuit diagram of a starter.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a connected state of a first coil and an exciting coil.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing another connection state of the first coil and the exciting coil.

FIG. 7 is a current circuit diagram of the starter (modification).

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 starter 2 motor 3 output shaft 5 pinion (pinion moving body) 6 one-way clutch (pinion moving body) 7 rotation regulating shaft (rotation regulating member) 8 magnet switch 14 field coil (field coil) 14a first coil 14b second Coil 19 Ring gear 27 Helical spline 32 Excitation coil 34 Plunger 38 Fixed contact (motor contact) 39 Moving contact (motor contact)

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A motor having a field coil composed of a first coil and a second coil connected in parallel, an output shaft driven by the motor to rotate, and a helical spline on the outer periphery of the output shaft. A pinion capable of meshing with the ring gear of the engine is fitted to the front end side of the output shaft, and the rotation of the motor moves the output shaft along the helical spline toward the ring gear side by rotation of the motor. A pinion moving body, a rotation restricting member that restricts rotation of the pinion moving body, and an exciting coil connected in series or in parallel with the first coil, and the plunger is generated by a magnetomotive force generated by energizing the exciting coil. The rotation restricting member is driven by sucking, and when the pinion moving body moves by a predetermined amount,
A starter comprising: a magnet switch that releases the rotation restriction of the pinion moving body by the rotation restriction member and closes a motor contact interposed in the power supply circuit of the motor. 2. The starter according to claim 1, wherein the exciting coil is formed by using a part of a winding conductor of the first coil.