JP2847900B2 - Starter - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to, for example, a starter for starting an engine mounted on a vehicle.

[Conventional technology]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a starter for starting an in-vehicle engine has been required to be smaller and lighter, and various measures have been taken for each part of the starter. However,
Some members are difficult to reduce in size and weight due to various restrictions.

For example, if the power transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotational force of the armature to the pinion gear is reduced in size and weight, the strength is reduced. As a result, if the start is attempted again while the armature is coasting immediately after the key switch is turned off, the pinion gear during the coasting meshes with the ring gear and an impulsive force is applied to the power transmission mechanism described above. In addition, there is a risk of damage. In particular, in a reduction starter, a large starter, or the like, the inertia of the armature is large, so that the time of the inertial rotation is long, and a restart is likely to be attempted during that time. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the power transmission mechanism, and as a result, there is a problem that the power transmission mechanism is increased in size and weight.

On the other hand, a switch coil, a moving core, and the like for meshing the pinion gear with the ring gear are one of the above-mentioned members that are difficult to reduce in size and weight. This is because if these members are reduced in size and weight, the exciting force of the switch coil is inevitably reduced, and the urging force of the drive spring must be reduced, resulting in poor gear meshing. .

Therefore, in order to prevent the poor meshing of the gear, a starter described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-129957 has been proposed. This starter focuses on the fact that if the rotation force of the pinion gear is small, the biasing force of the drive spring will be small, and at the beginning of the operation of the starter, the field coil 2
Only the poles are excited to engage the ring gear in a state in which the rotational force of the pinion gear is suppressed, and then the remaining two poles are excited to apply a sufficient rotational force to the pinion gear.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, the starter of the above-mentioned publication does not take any measures against the impact when restart is attempted during the inertia rotation of the armature, and the power transmission mechanism is strengthened to withstand the impact and the size and weight are reduced. Has not been fully achieved.

An object of the present invention is to prevent the pinion gear from meshing with the ring gear during the inertial rotation, thereby preventing impulsive force from being applied to the power transmission mechanism, and thereby reducing the size and weight of the power transmission mechanism. It is to provide a starter that can.

[Means for solving the problem]

The present invention provides a starter in which a field coil and an armature coil are energized in response to opening and closing of an engine start switch to rotate an armature and rotate a pinion gear in conjunction with the armature. A first field coil connected in series with a power supply, and a power supply and the first field coil connected between the power supply and the first field coil, for energizing / disconnecting the first field coil and the armature coil according to opening / closing of the engine start switch. A first switching unit, a second field coil connected in parallel to the armature coil, and a second field coil connected between a power supply and the second field coil, the second field coil being responsive to opening and closing of the engine start switch. The coil is energized and cut off, and at the time of cut-off, the first switching means controls the first filter. Blocking the Rudokoiru and armature coils, it is an gist starter and a second switching means for interrupting the second field coil is delayed after release of the armature coil ends.

[Action]

When the engine start switch is closed, the first switching means supplies electricity to the first field coil and the armature coil, and the second switching means supplies electricity to the second field coil. As a result, the rotation of the armature drives the pinion gear to rotate, and the engine starts.

When the engine start switch is opened from this state, first, the first switching means cuts off the first field coil and the armature coil. As a result, the armature is in an inertia rotation state, and at this time, the armature is forcibly stopped by the magnetic field of the second field coil. Then, after that, the second field coil is cut off by the second switching means, and a series of engine starting operations is completed.

As described above, the armature during the inertial rotation due to the magnetic field of the second field coil is forcibly stopped, so that the time until the armature stops is greatly reduced. Therefore, when the engine is not started and the starter is once stopped, the armature stops immediately. Is prevented from being added.

〔Example〕

An embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in a reduction type starter for an engine mounted on a vehicle will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a reduction type starter of this embodiment. As shown in the figure, a clutch gear 1 of a starter is rotatably supported by a pair of bearings 2, and a pinion shaft 3 having a pinion gear 3 a is provided at a front end (left side in the figure) of the clutch gear 1. Are inserted and fixed so that they can move in the axial direction and cannot rotate relative to each other. A moving core 4 is disposed behind the clutch gear 1, and the moving core 4 and the clutch gear 1 are connected by a push rod 5. The push rod 5 is always urged forward by a drive spring (not shown) provided in the moving core 4.
The moving core 4 is always rearward (rightward in the figure) by a return spring 5a wound around a push rod 5.
Has been energized.

When the moving core 4 moves forward against the urging force of the return spring 5a, the pinion shaft 3 is pushed forward via the push rod 5, and as a result, the pinion gear 3a is moved to the ring gear 6 of the engine. Be engaged.

The moving core 4 is composed of a main body 7 and a rod portion 8 protruding from a rear end of the main body 7, and a pair of sliding rings 9 made of an insulator are movable on the rod portion 8 in the axial direction. Is fitted. A first movable contact 10 is externally fitted to the rear sliding ring 9, and the first movable contact 10
Is urged forward by a spring 11 interposed between the rear end of the rod portion 8 and a flange portion 8a, and is restricted from moving forward by a washer 12 engaged with the rod portion 8. I have.
Similarly, a second movable contact 13 is externally fitted to the front sliding ring 9, and the second movable contact 13 is also urged forward by a spring 14 interposed between the second movable contact 13 and the washer 12. At the same time, the movement of the moving core 4 forward is restricted by the main body 7.

A pair of first fixed contacts 15a and 15b are arranged in front of the first movable contact 10, and a pair of second fixed contacts 16a and 16b are similarly arranged in front of the second movable contact 13. Have been. At this time, the second movable contact 13 and the second fixed contacts 16a, 16
The gap A between the first movable contact 10 and the first fixed contact 15a, 1
It is set smaller than the interval B with 5b. A stopper 17 made of an elastic body is provided in front of the second movable contact 13, and the tip of the stopper 17 is in contact with one side of the second movable contact 13. In the starter of the present embodiment, the first movable contact 10 and the first fixed contacts 15a and 15b constitute first switching means, and the second movable contact 13 and the second fixed contact 16
The second switching means is constituted by a and 16b.

On the other hand, a battery 18 as a power source mounted on the vehicle is connected to one of the first and second fixed contacts 15a and 16a, respectively. The battery 18 is connected to an intermediate portion of a switch coil 20 via a vehicle key switch 19 as an engine start switch. The switch coil 20 is arranged around the moving core 4. One end of the switch coil 20 is grounded, and the other end is connected to the other 16b of the second fixed contact.

The other of the first fixed contacts 15a is connected to three-pole feed coils 21, 22, and 23 as first field coils, and these field coils 21 to 23 are connected to an armature 25.
Are connected in series to an armature coil (not shown). Further, the other of the second fixed contacts 16b is connected to a one-pole feed coil 24 as a second field coil. Therefore, the one-pole feed coil 24 is connected in parallel to the armature coil. The armature 25 is connected to a drive gear 26, and the drive gear 26 meshes with the clutch gear 1 via an idle gear 27.

Next, the operation of the thus configured reduction starter will be described.

Now, when the driver closes the key switch 19 in the state shown in FIG. 1, the switch coil 20 is excited, and the moving rod 4 and the push rod 5 are moved forward (in the figure,
Start moving to the left). Therefore, the pinion shaft 3 moves forward by being pushed by the push rod 5, and the end face of the pinion gear 3a and the end face of the ring gear 6 come into contact with each other.

Then, since the forward movement of the pinion gear 3a is prevented by the ring gear 6, the movement of the push rod 5 is also stopped. Accordingly, the moving core 4 further advances while bending the driving spring therein, and accordingly the first and second movable contacts 10, 13 move forward and the respective fixed contacts 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b. Approach. At this time, the movement of the second movable contact 13 is restricted by the stopper 17, and the spring 14 is compressed. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, first, the first movable contact 10 contacts the first fixed contacts 15a and 15b, and energizes the three-pole field coils 21 to 23 and the armature coil. As a result, the armature 25 starts rotating to rotate the pinion gear 3a, and the positional relationship between the pinion gear 3a and the ring gear 6 is changed, so that the two gears 3a, 6 mesh with each other by the urging force of the drive spring. I do.

In this way, the contact between the second contacts 13, 16a, 16b is prevented by the stopper 17, and the first contacts 10, 15a, 15b are contacted first. Therefore, since only the three-pole field coils 21 to 23 are energized, the pinion gear 3a is meshed with the ring gear 6 with the rotational force suppressed. And, as is generally known, if the rotational force of the pinion gear 3a is weak, the gears 3a and 6 can be engaged with each other even if the biasing force of the drive spring is weak, so that the starter of this embodiment compresses the drive spring. The exciting force of the switch coil 20 is reduced, and the switch coil 20 and the moving core 4
And the like can be reduced in size.

As shown in FIG. 3, the moving core 4 further moves forward, and when the biasing force of the compressed spring 14 exceeds the elastic force of the stopper 17, the second movable contact 13 rides over the stopper 17 and The second fixed contacts 16a and 16b are in contact with each other. Therefore, the remaining one-pole field coil 24 is energized, and the armature 25 generates the original torque by the four-pole field coils 21 to 24. Therefore, the pinion gear 3a
Is increased, and the engine is started.

On the other hand, when the key switch 19 is closed by the driver who has confirmed the start of the engine, the switch coil 20 is de-energized, and the moving core 4 is moved by the return spring.
Start moving backward with the biasing force of 5a. Accordingly, the pinion gear 3a is disengaged from the ring gear 6. Further, the distance B between the first contacts 10, 15a, 15b is equal to the distance B between the second movable members 13, 1a.
Since the distance A is set wider than the distance A between 6a and 16b, as the moving core 4 retreats, first, as shown in FIG. 4, the first movable contact 10 and the first fixed contacts 15a and 15b Separate. Therefore, energization between the three-pole field coils 21 to 23 and the armature coil is interrupted, and the armature coil is normally used.
In the starter of the present embodiment, since the one-pole field coil 24 is kept in the energized state, the rotation of the armature 25 is forcibly suppressed by the magnetic field of the coil 24, and the starter of this embodiment can be rotated in an extremely short time. Stopped.

When the moving core 4 further retreats, the second
Movable contact 13 is separated from fixed contacts 16a and 16b and
The pole field coil 24 is cut off and the state returns to the state shown in FIG. As described above, a series of engine starting operations is completed.

Thus, the reduction type starter of the present embodiment has
The distance B between the first contacts 10, 15a, 15b connected to the pole field coils 21 to 23 and the armature coil is changed to the second movable members 13, 16a, 1 connected to the one-pole field coil 24.
It was set wider than the interval A of 6b.

Therefore, when stopping the starter, first, the first contacts 10, 15a, 15b are separated from each other, and the three-pole field coil
The armature coils 21 to 23 are cut off, and then the second contacts 13, 16a, 16b are separated from each other, and the remaining one-pole field coil 24 is cut off.

As a result, the inertial rotation of the armature 25 is forcibly stopped by the magnetic field of the remaining one-pole field coil 24, and the time required for the armature 25 to stop is greatly reduced. Accordingly, when the engine is not started and the starter is once stopped, the armature 25 is immediately stopped, and at the time of restart, the pinion gear 3a during the inertia rotation is meshed with the ring gear 6 and the power transmission mechanism of the starter, for example, Pinion shaft 3, clutch gear 1, drive gear 26, idle gear 27
And the like. As a result, the strength required for these members is reduced, and the power transmission mechanism can be made smaller and lighter, and the entire starter can be made smaller and lighter.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment,
For example, in the above embodiment, the present invention is embodied as a reduction type starter, but may be embodied as a normal starter which does not reduce the rotation of the armature 25.

In the above-described embodiment, the pinion gear 3a is
Although the contact between the second contacts 13, 16a, 16b is delayed by the stopper 17 in order to reduce the rotational force of the above, the stopper 17 is not necessarily provided.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above in detail, according to the starter of the present invention, the inertia rotation of the armature can be suddenly stopped by the magnetic field of the second field coil without causing a current to flow through the armature coil and the commutator at the time of stop. Also, since no current flows through the armature coil and the commutator during the stop operation, no spark is generated between the commutator and the brush, and the contact surface between the commutator and the brush is not roughened. Since the resistance does not increase, the brush life is not shortened and the motor performance does not decrease.

And, since the inertial rotation of the armature can be suddenly stopped as described above, the engagement of the pinion gear with the ring gear during the inertial rotation is prevented, so that an impulsive force is applied to the power transmission mechanism. Therefore, there is an excellent effect that the power transmission mechanism can be reduced in size and weight.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a starter according to an embodiment, and FIGS. 2 to 4 are views for explaining the operation. 3a is a pinion gear, 10 is a first switch which constitutes a first switching means.
, 13 is a second movable contact constituting a second switching means, 15a and 15b are first fixed contacts constituting a first switching means, and 16a and 16b constitute a second switching means. A second fixed contact, 19 is a key switch as an engine start switch, 21 to 23 are first field coils, 24 is a second field coil, and 25 is an armature.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A starter in which a field coil and an armature coil are energized in response to opening and closing of an engine start switch to rotate an armature and to rotate a pinion gear in conjunction with the armature. A first field coil connected in series with the power supply and the first field coil are connected between the power supply and the first field coil, and energized / disconnected between the first field coil and the armature coil according to opening / closing of the engine start switch. A first switching unit, a second field coil connected in parallel to the armature coil, a second field coil connected between a power supply and the second field coil, and a second field coil responsive to opening and closing of the engine start switch. When the coil is energized and cut off, the first
And a second switching means for shutting off the first field coil and the armature coil by the switching means and opening the both ends of the armature coil and then shutting off the second field coil with a delay.