JPH09192519A - Crushing method and crushing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To contribute to the miniaturization of a device and allow to enlarge the width of the size of a material to be crushed by rotating a pair of crushing rolls in such a manner that the object to be crushed is gnawed and actuating the rolls to perform a rotary shearing action and a press to perform a crushing action while causing the paired rolls to be separated from and draw near to each other. SOLUTION: Each of crushing rolls 10, 10 has plural cutters 14 installed on the outer periphery, and one roll 10 of the crushing rolls is fixed to a bracket 17 fastened to a truck body 1, while another crushing roll 10 is installed on a bracket 20 provided in a freely rotating manner centering around a fulcrum 19. In addition, a hydraulic cylinder 23 as a pressing device which causes the paired crushing rolls 10, 10 to be separated from and draw near to each other, is installed between the brackets 17, 20, with both ends of the hydraulic cylinder 23 connected with pins 24, 25. When crushing a coarse bulky material, the crushing rolls 10, 10 are rotated in an arrow direction, and at the same time, the hydraulic cylinder 23 is expanded to separate the crushing roll 10 from position (a) to position (b) and thereby hold the coarse bulky material. Next, the hydraulic cylinder 23 is contracted to shear and crush the material while pressing it.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crushing method and a crushing apparatus suitable for use in crushing house demolition materials, scrap electrical appliances, and other coarse or spherical materials.

[0002]

2. Description of the Prior Art Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 63-185457 discloses an apparatus for crushing coarse particles, in which crushing rolls are installed side by side and in parallel, and another crushing roll is installed below these crushing rolls. ing.

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional crushing apparatus, the size of the crushable coarse object is uniquely determined by the diameter of the crushing roll, and it is difficult to crush the spherical object. In addition, in order to crush a coarse material, the diameter of the crushing roll must be increased, and the crushing device must be increased in size.

In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a crushing method and a crushing device capable of crushing a small crushed object to a coarse object with a small device.

[0005]

The crushing method according to claim 1 is
Rotate the pair of crushing rolls so as to bite the object to be crushed between them, and separate the pair of crushing rolls from each other.
This is a crushing method characterized by crushing an object to be crushed by rotary shearing with a crushing roll and a press while making them close to each other.

A crushing device according to a second aspect of the present invention comprises at least one pair of crushing rolls arranged in parallel, and a rotary drive device for rotating the pair of crushing rolls so as to bite the crushed object between them. And a pressing device for bringing the pair of crushing rolls closer to each other and separating them from each other.

The crushing device according to a third aspect of the invention is characterized in that another crushing roll is installed below the pair of crushing rolls in parallel. The crushing device according to a fourth aspect of the invention is characterized by comprising a vertical drive device for vertically moving the third crushing roll. The crushing apparatus according to claim 5 comprises an upper crushing section having a pair of crushing rolls, and a lower crushing section which is installed below the primary crushing section and which comprises two pairs of crushing rolls. . The crushing apparatus according to claim 6 is characterized in that the crushing roll is mounted on a self-propelled vehicle.

[0008]

According to the crushing method of the first aspect, even if the object to be crushed is a coarse material or a spherical material, it is received between the crushing rolls in a state where the pair of crushing rolls are spread, and a pair is then formed. In the process of contracting between the crushing rolls, the material to be crushed is pressed and simultaneously sheared by the cutter.

According to the crushing device of the second aspect, the crushing rolls are rotated by the rotation drive device, and at the same time, the crushing rolls are separated from each other and brought close to each other by the pressing device, so that the crushed objects received between the crushing rolls are removed. Crushing according to the principle of claim 1. According to the crushing device of the third aspect, the object to be crushed between the pair of crushing rolls is further finely crushed between the lower crushing roll and the pair of crushing rolls. Further, since the lower crushing roll also has a function of receiving the lower end of the crushable object, the lower crushing roller prevents a relatively small object to be crushed from passing through when the distance between the pair of crushing rollers is expanded. It also acts. According to the crushing device of the fourth aspect, the third crushing roll below is also moved up and down, so that the crushing and the discharge of the crushed debris can be performed more smoothly.

According to the crushing device of the fifth aspect, the crushing object is finely crushed by disposing the crushing portions for separating and bringing the crushing rolls in close proximity to each other in the upper and lower stages. According to the crushing device of the sixth aspect, the place can be moved quickly by mounting the crushing device on the self-propelled vehicle.

[0011]

1 (A), 1 (B) and 1 (C) are a plan view, a side view and a rear view showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the crushing method of the present invention. In this embodiment, a crushing section 3 is mounted on a self-propelled vehicle having crawlers 2 on the left and right, and a conveyor 5 for discharging crushed debris is provided between the left and right crawlers 2, 2 and the tip of the conveyor 5 is A magnetic separator 6 for separating rebar scraps using a magnet is provided to constitute a self-propelled crusher. The magnetic separator 6 is composed of a conveyor which is arranged above the conveyor 5 so as to cross it, and a magnet which sucks up and separates the reinforcing bar scraps from the crushed scraps. Reference numeral 7 denotes a hopper for receiving the crushed object installed on the crushing section 3.

The crushing section 3 has two crushing rolls 10 on the upper stage so that the crushing section 3 can receive a large crushed object.
Are arranged parallel to each other in the front-back direction, and another crushing roll 11 is installed below the two crushing rolls 10 in parallel with the crushing rolls 10. Each crushing roll 1
0 and 11 are independent hydraulic motors 12 and 1 for each roll.
It is rotated by 3.

FIG. 2 is a rear view of the crushing section 3, FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the crushing roll 10, and FIGS. 4 and 5 are right side view and left side view of FIG. 3, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, each of the crushing rolls 10 and 11 has a plurality of cutters 14 mounted on the outer periphery thereof, and one end of each crushing roll 10 is connected to the hydraulic motor 1.
The shaft 10a at the other end is coupled to the bearing 15
Supported by

The hydraulic motor 12 of one of the two crushing rolls 10 (the left side when viewed from the rear surface of the vehicle body 1) has a bracket fixed to the vehicle body 1 as shown in FIGS. It is fixedly attached to 17, and the corresponding bearing 15 (the bearing on the right side when viewed from the front of the vehicle body) is also fixedly attached to the bracket 18 fixed to the vehicle body 1 as shown in FIG. The other crushing roll 10 (the crushing roll on the right side when viewed from the rear of the vehicle body 1) has a hydraulic motor 12 at one end thereof.
2 and 4, the crushing roll 10 is attached to a bracket 20 rotatably provided around a support shaft 19, and the bearing 15 on the other end side of the crushing roll 10 (the left side when viewed from the front of the vehicle body 1). 5, the bearing is attached to a bracket 22 provided so as to be rotatable around a support shaft 21.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, between the fixed bracket 17 and the rotatable bracket 20, a pair of crushing rolls 10 and 10 forming a pair of the crushing rolls 10 and 10 are separated from each other and are brought close to each other. The hydraulic cylinder 23 has pins 24 at both ends,
25 are connected and attached. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a hydraulic cylinder 26 as a pressing device for separating and bringing the crushing rolls 10 and 10 apart from each other on the bearing 15 side as well.
However, both ends thereof are attached to the upper ends of the rotatable bracket 22 and the fixed bracket 18 by pins 27 and 28, respectively.

As described above, the pair of the crushing rolls 10 and 10 of the crushing unit 3 are separated by the hydraulic cylinders 23 and 26,
When crushing a coarse object by monitoring the cab in a driver's cab provided on the vehicle body 1 or by observing the inside of the hopper 7, for example, when crushing a coarse object, the control valve 29 of the hydraulic motor 12 and By operating the control valve for the hydraulic motor 13 shown in the drawing, the crushing roll 10,
11 by hydraulic motors 12 and 13 in the direction of the arrows in FIGS. 4 and 5, that is, the crushing rolls 10 and 10 that form a pair of crushed objects.
Rotate in the drawing direction between the hydraulic cylinder 2 and
By operating the control valves 30 of 3 and 26,
The hydraulic cylinders 23 and 26 are extended to separate the crushing roll 10 from the position "a" to the position "b" in FIG. 4, and a coarse object is sandwiched between the crushing rolls 10 and 10. From that state, the control valve 29 and the control for the hydraulic motor 13 are controlled. By operating the valve in the opposite direction, the hydraulic cylinders 23, 2
6 is shrunk, and a coarse product is pressed and sheared to be crushed. By such an operation, it is possible to draw and crush the coarse particles between the crushing rolls 10. Even in the case of a spherical object, a large spherical object can be crushed as much as the distance between the crushing rolls 10 and 10 can be increased. Further, the lower crushing rolls 11 prevent small objects to be crushed from passing through, and reliably crush all large and small objects to be crushed. A guide for preventing a small object to be crushed from falling may be provided instead of the lower crushing roll 11, but the crushing roll 1
By providing the crushing roll 11 in the lower part of 0, crushing is performed between the crushing rolls 10 and 11, and the crushing roll 11 also has a discharging function of the crushed scraps, so that the crushing and the discharge of the crushed scraps are surely performed. Be seen.

As shown in FIG. 6, the hydraulic cylinders 23, 2
In addition to the manual operation device 31 for automatically switching the control valve 30 of 6 to the right position and the left position, the crushing roll 1
An automatic operation signal generator 32 that repeatedly and automatically generates an operation signal for separating and approaching 0 and 10 is provided, and a manual operation device 31 and an automatic operation signal generator 32 are provided.
One of the above may be selected by the automatic / manual selection switch 33, and by switching the selection switch 33, the hydraulic cylinders 23 and 26 may be expanded and contracted not only manually but also for crushing.

Further, as the control valve 29 of the hydraulic motors 12 and 13 of the crushing rolls 10 and 11, as shown by the crushing roll 10 as shown in FIG. Not only the rotation in the direction of pulling in) but also the one capable of reversing,
When the crushing rolls 10 and 11 are automatically stopped due to overflow or the like, the control valve 29 or the like is switched to the reverse rotation side to rotate the crushing rolls 10 and 11 in the direction opposite to the drawing direction of the crushed object. With this, the crushed object can be easily removed.

As described above, the crushing rolls 1 and 11 are provided with the hydraulic motors 12 and 13 independently of each other and the control valves are provided to the crushing rolls 1 and 11, respectively.
It is possible to independently control the speeds of 0 and 11 (the flow rate is adjusted by inserting a throttle valve in the circuit, or a variable displacement hydraulic motor is used as the hydraulic motor 12 as shown in the figure), torque, and rotation direction. It is possible, and suitable control according to the material of the crushed object is possible.

FIG. 7 is a rear view showing another embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view thereof, in which the vehicle body 1 is provided with upper and lower rails 34, 34 for attaching the crushing rolls 10, and upper and lower grooves 35a, 35b of a rectangular slider 35 attached to the hydraulic motor 12 of each crushing roll 10 are provided. A bracket that is movably fitted to the upper and lower rails 34 (the bearing 15 on the opposite side of the hydraulic motor 12 is also attached to a slider 35 that is also movable along the rail 34), and is attached to the hydraulic motor 12 so as to project vertically. The hydraulic cylinder 23 is mounted between the pins 36 and 37 by the pins 38 and 39.
It is connected and attached by. in this way,
By movably supporting both ends of the crushing roll 10 along the rails 34, 34, the force in the axial direction of the crushing roll 10 can be received by the rails 34, 34, and the cutter 14 acts in the rotational direction. Even when the shearing function is enhanced by providing the mounting structure that is provided obliquely, the axial movement of the crushing roll 10 can be prevented.

Thus, along the rail 34, the slider 3
The structure for moving 5 can also be adopted in the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which both ends of the lower crushing roll 11 are attached to sliders 42 which are moved up and down by hydraulic cylinders 41 along the vertical rails 40, 40, and the lower crushing roll 11 is crushed. Roll 11 is also moved up and down, that is, by crushing by using both pressing and shearing,
Crushing is done efficiently.

10A, 10B, and 10C are a plan view, a side view, and a rear view, respectively, showing another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 10B. Is. In this embodiment, as the lower crushing section 4 provided below the crushing section 3 (hereinafter referred to as the upper crushing section), four crushing rolls 4 driven by independent direct-connection hydraulic motors 44 are used.
5a to 45d are provided so as to be parallel to each other toward the left and right of the vehicle body 1. Here, since the lower crushing unit 4 is installed to finely crush the object to be crushed more finely than the upper crushing unit 3 for primary crushing, the crushing rolls 45a to 45d of the lower crushing unit 4 are mutually crushed. The intervals and the intervals between the cutters are set to be narrower than the intervals between the crushing rolls 10 and the cutters 14 in the upper crushing section 3.

As shown in FIG. 11, of the crushing rolls 45a to 45d, two crushing rolls 45 on the center side are provided.
The sliders 46 and 47 fixed to both ends of b and 45c are provided between the upper and lower rails 48 and 48 provided on the vehicle body 1 and
The upper and lower grooves of 47 are fitted by a structure similar to that shown in FIG. 8, and the sliders 46 and 47 are fixed by fixing blocks 49 fixed to the rail 48, while fixed to both ends of the crushing rolls 45a and 45d at the front and rear ends. Slider 50, 51
Brackets movably fitted to the upper and lower rails of the upper and lower ends of the upper and lower rails 48, and brackets 52 and 53 provided at both ends of the central crushing rolls 45b and 45c so as to project vertically, and crushing rolls 45a at the front and rear ends. , 45d between the brackets 54, 55 provided at both ends of the crushing rolls 45a, 45d, and the hydraulic cylinders 56 as a press device for separating and bringing the crushing rolls 45a and 45b or 45c and 45d away from each other.
57 are provided one above and one below.

In this way, the number of the crushing rolls 11 on the lower crushing section 4 side is set to 4 (2 pairs), that is, the number of the crushing rolls 10 of the upper crushing section 3 (2) is set, so that the lower crushing is performed. The discharge cross-sectional area of the portion 4 can be increased, which improves the crushing ability and can crush the object to be crushed finely. Further, it is possible to reduce automatic stoppage due to clogging or overflow in the lower crushing unit 4. As a result, a significant improvement in crushing efficiency can be achieved as compared with the conventional crusher. Also in the lower crushing unit 4, the crushing rolls 45a to 45d are rotated in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 11, and the hydraulic cylinders 56 and 57 expand and contract to separate the crushing rolls 45a and 45b and 45c and 45d.
The crushing efficiency can be increased by performing the shearing in close proximity together with a press.

In the present invention, the upper crushing roll 10 may be installed in the width direction of the vehicle body 1, but FIG.
As shown in, the upper crushing roll 10 for primary crushing is installed so that the direction of the rotation center thereof matches the direction of the conveyor 5, and the lower crushing rolls 45a to 45d for secondary crushing are installed.
Is arranged so that the rotation center thereof is orthogonal to the rotation center of the crushing roll 10 for primary crushing, so that the setting of the length of the upper crushing roll 10 is not limited by the width of the vehicle body 1 of the crusher. And the lower crushing roll 45a with many installed units
There is an advantage that ~ 45d can be easily installed.

The present invention can also be applied to the case where the crushing device is of a stationary type, but as shown in Examples,
The self-propelled vehicle has a crushing unit 3, 4, a conveyor 5 and a magnetic separator 6.
By mounting and movably by self-propelled, the crushing device can be quickly moved to a suitable place for crushing without requiring a crane.

[0028]

According to the crushing method of the first aspect of the present invention, even if the object to be crushed is a coarse material or a spherical material, it is received between the crushing rolls in a state where the crushing rollers forming the pair are spread, and In the process of shrinking between the crushing rolls that make up, the material to be crushed is pressed and simultaneously sheared by the cutter,
Even coarse or spherical particles can be easily crushed by a relatively small crushing roll, which can contribute to downsizing of the crushing device. Further, since it is possible to crush from a small crushed object to a coarse object, it is possible to expand the crushable object.

According to the crushing device of the second aspect, the crushing roll is rotated by the rotation driving device, and at the same time, the reciprocating driving device separates and brings the crushing roll into close proximity, whereby the crushed object received between the crushing rolls is crushed. Because it is a thing,
The same effect as that of claim 1 can be obtained.

According to the crushing apparatus of the third aspect, the object to be crushed between the pair of crushing rolls is further finely crushed between the lower crushing roll and the pair of crushing rolls, and The lower crushing roll also acts to prevent the relatively small crushable objects from passing through when the distance between the crushing rollers forming a pair is enlarged, so it is possible to reliably crush small and large sized objects to be finely crushed. .

According to the crushing device of the fourth aspect, the lower third
By vertically moving the crushing roll, the crushing and the discharge of the crushed scrap can be performed more smoothly.

According to the crushing device of the fifth aspect, the crushing object is finely crushed by arranging the crushing parts for separating and bringing the crushing rolls in close proximity to each other in the upper and lower stages.

According to the crushing device of the sixth aspect, the crushing device is mounted on the self-propelled vehicle, whereby the location can be quickly moved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1A, 1B, and 1C are a plan view, a side view, and a rear view, respectively, showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the crushing method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a rear view of the crushing apparatus of this embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the crushing roll of this embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a rear view showing a hydraulic motor side mounting portion of the crushing roll of the present embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a front view showing a bearing-side mounting portion of the crushing roll of the present embodiment.

FIG. 6 is an example diagram of a hydraulic circuit of the present embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a rear view showing a hydraulic motor side attachment portion of a crushing roll according to another embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a vertical sectional view of an end portion of the crushing roll of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a rear view showing a hydraulic motor side mounting portion of a crushing roll according to another embodiment of the present invention.

10A, 10B, and 10C are a plan view, a side view, and a rear view, respectively, showing another embodiment of the present invention.

11 is a side view of the lower crushing unit of the embodiment of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: Main body, 2: Crawler, 3: (Upper stage) crushing unit, 4: Lower stage crushing unit, 5: Conveyor, 6: Magnetic separator, 7: Hopper, 1
0, 11: Crushing roll, 12, 13: Hydraulic motor, 1
4: Cutter, 15: Bearing, 17, 18: Fixed bracket, 19, 21: Spindle, 20, 22: Rotatable bracket, 23, 26: Hydraulic cylinder, 29, 30: Control valve, 31: Manual Type operation device, 32: automatic operation signal generator, 33: automatic / manual selection switch, 34: rail, 35: slider, 40: vertical rail, 41: hydraulic cylinder, 42: slider, 44: hydraulic motor, 45a-4.
5d: crushing roll, 48: rail, 50, 51: slider, 56, 57: hydraulic cylinder

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location B02C 18/24 B02C 18/24 21/02 21/02

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A pair of crushing rolls are rotated so as to bite an object to be crushed between them, and the pair of crushing rolls are crushed by rotational shearing and pressing by a crushing roll while separating and approaching each other. A crushing method characterized by crushing an object. 2. At least one arranged in parallel.
A pair of crushing rolls, a rotary drive device for rotating the pair of crushing rolls so as to bite the object to be crushed between them, and a pressing device for separating and bringing the pair of crushing rolls apart from each other are provided. Crushing equipment. 3. The crushing device according to claim 2, wherein another crushing roll is installed in parallel below the crushing rolls arranged in parallel. 4. The crushing device according to claim 3, further comprising an up-and-down drive device for vertically moving the other crushing roll. 5. The upper crushing section having a pair of crushing rolls according to claim 2, and a lower crushing section consisting of two pairs of crushing rolls, which is installed below the upper crushing section. Crushing equipment. 6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5,
A crushing device, wherein the crushing roll is mounted on a self-propelled vehicle.