JPH09189444A - Ice-heat accumulation type air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an ice-heat accumulating type air conditioner where the heat accumulating amount is estimated inclusive of each condition of influence on heat load in a residential space and electric power consumption. SOLUTION: A chaotic analysis, for example, of basic data 3 that have previously been stored and time series data 4 that show the state at present is carried out to estimate an electric power demand curve and a heat demand curve 5. Conditions 6 for electric power demand controls to restrict a part of electric power consumption are taken into an electric power demand forecast to forecast the operational state of a device during cooling or heating operation, and required heat-accumulation amount is decided from the forecast to perform heat accumulation operation.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ice heat storage system that manufactures and stores a part or all of the heat supply amount for air conditioning to a living space at night and supplies the stored cold heat or warm heat to the living space during the daytime. The present invention relates to an air conditioner and its heat storage prediction method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 8 is a control conceptual diagram of a conventional ice storage air conditioner. The ice heat storage air conditioner 1 of FIG. 8 includes a heat source device 11 for producing cold heat or warm heat, a heat storage device 12 for storing cold heat or warm heat, a cold / warm air discharger 13 for discharging cold / warm air to a living space, and control of the device. It is composed of an operation controller 14 for performing, 8 indicates a flow of cold heat or warm heat using the heat transfer means released to the living space, and 9 indicates a means for transmitting information / signals necessary for controlling this device. It shows the flow of information / signals that have been received. Reference numeral 15 represents a process for detecting the amount of remaining ice or the amount of residual heat in the heat storage device 12, and 16 represents a process for determining the amount of heat storage in the heat storage device 12.

The operation method of the ice heat storage air conditioner will be described. First, cold heat or warm heat produced by the heat source device 11 is stored as heat storage in the heat storage device 12 at night, and the heat storage device 12 is radiated during the daytime. Thus, the living space is cooled or heated through the cool / warm air discharger 13. Further, in the daytime, when the heat load in the living space cannot be compensated by only the heat radiation operation of the heat storage unit 12, the heat source unit 1 is further added.
By operating 1 as an air conditioner, the heat load of the living space is covered.

Next, a control method of the above conventional device will be described. During heat storage operation of this device, the operation controller 1 of FIG.
4 controls the operation of the heat source device 11, and the heat storage device 12
Cold heat or warm heat is stored in. The operation state of the heat source device 11 is determined by the heat storage amount determination process 16. Here, the heat storage amount determination processing 16 stores the heat storage amount of the heat storage device 12 at the start time of cooling or heating of the pattern according to the heat radiation operation pattern of the heat source device 11 or the heat storage device 12 which is already set during the heat radiation operation. The operation mode for heat storage of the heat source device 11 is determined as heat storage in the time zone. The set heat storage amount of the heat storage device 12 has several patterns so that the heat radiation pattern can correspond to various conditions of the heat load of the living space, and thus has the amount corresponding to each pattern. When the heat storage amount is determined in the heat storage amount determination process 16, the heat storage device 12 is detected by the detection process 15.
Information on the remaining ice amount or remaining heat of heat is obtained, and when remaining ice or remaining heat is present, the amount of heat obtained by subtracting the amount of heat corresponding to the remaining ice or remaining heat from the amount of heat stored from the heat radiation pattern should be stored. The heat storage amount is used and the operating state of the heat source device 11 is determined.

[0005]

The conventional ice heat storage air conditioner has the control method as described above, and the heat storage amount is determined by the heat radiation pattern of the heat storage device during the cooling or heating time zone. , The heat dissipation pattern was composed of only a few fixed patterns. for that reason,
When an appropriate heat radiation pattern was not set for the state of changes in the heat load of the living space, there was an excess or deficiency in the amount of heat storage. That is, when the heat storage amount is insufficient, the comfort of the living space is impaired, and when the heat storage amount is excessive, the power usage amount corresponding to the surplus heat storage amount is wasted.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and in the near future, by pattern-matching the amount of electric power used in the daytime living space with the similar state changes in the past, Predict the power consumption of In addition, regarding the transition of heat load, the result of prediction in the same way as the prediction of the amount of electric power used is reflected to determine the heat dissipation operation state of the heat accumulator for all time periods during which cooling or heating operation is performed. The purpose is to obtain an ice heat storage air conditioner capable of estimating the heat storage amount including the influence of the heat load of the living space and each condition of the power consumption.

[0007]

In the ice heat storage air conditioner according to the present invention, first, the operating state of a device for cooling or heating operation is predicted in order to determine the heat storage amount. The prediction of the operating state of the equipment here is determined based on the power demand prediction means and the heat demand prediction means. The power demand prediction means predicts the amount of power used by the device, and the heat demand prediction means predicts the heat load pattern of the living space, that is, the amount of change in heat demand. That is, the forecast of the power consumption of the device is based on the power demand time series basic data that captures the power consumption according to various operating states of this device as time series data, and the power demand time series according to the actual operation of the device. Do both data. In addition, the heat load pattern of the living space is also analyzed using the heat demand time series basic data and the heat demand time series data, as in the case of the power consumption. For example, in the case of the amount of power used, the power demand time series basic data and the power demand time series data are compared, and in the case of the heat load of the living space, the demand heat load time series basic data and the demand heat load time series data are compared. , For each of them, look for changes in the time-series data and similar change patterns in the basic data and refer to them. The change (curve) of the amount of electric power used and the amount of heat demand is predicted by estimating that the change will be similar to the basic data that matches. With respect to the power usage amount predicted by the above method, the operating state of the device is finally determined by further considering the influence of the demand control time zone. Then, after determining the operating state of the device, the necessary heat storage amount is determined.
As a result, it is possible to finely adjust the operating state of the device for heat storage operation, and it is possible to perform heat storage operation without excess or deficiency while managing the amount of power used according to the power demand.

In consideration of the amount of heat storage determined by the above method and the capacity of the heat source device, the end time of the heat storage operation should be as close as possible to the time immediately before the start time of the cooling or heating operation. By adjusting the start time of heat storage operation,
It is possible to reduce the loss of accumulated heat and further reduce the amount of power used.

Further, the residual ice or the residual heat of the heat accumulator is detected, and the heat amount obtained by subtracting the heat amount corresponding to the residual ice or the residual heat from the necessary heat storage amount is estimated as the necessary heat storage amount to control the heat storage operation. I do. As a result, the residual ice or the residual heat can be effectively used, and the amount of electric power used can be saved.

Further, by performing chaos analysis when predicting the power demand curve or the heat demand curve, the data analysis can be made simpler and clearer, which is suitable for computer processing.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Embodiment 1 FIG. [1] Device Configuration FIG. 1 is a control conceptual diagram of an ice heat storage air conditioner according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the figure, an ice heat storage air conditioner 1 comprises a heat source device 11, a heat storage device 12, a cold / warm air discharger 13 for discharging cold / warm air to the living space R, and an operation controller 2 for controlling the device. Here, the cool / warm air discharger 13 is an air conditioner, the heat source device 11 is a model capable of performing both cooling and heating, and heat is transferred between the heat storage device 12 and the cool / warm air discharger 13. Water is used as a medium for the heat storage, and the heat storage capacity of the heat storage unit 12 is sufficiently larger than the total heat capacity demanded of the living space R. Therefore, in this device, the heat load of the living space in all the time zones of the cooling or heating operation can be met only by the heat radiation operation of the heat storage device.

The power demand / heat demand time-series basic data processing 3 stores in advance time-series data of the power demand and the heat load of the living space associated with the operation patterns of various devices. Demand / heat demand time series data detection means 4
Serves to detect time series data of power demand and heat demand associated with the actual operating state of the device. Further, the power demand / heat demand forecasting means 5 performs data analysis using the basic data and the time-series data, respectively, and estimates changes in the power demand and heat demand in the near future. With respect to the power demand data predicted by the means 5, the demand control time setting means 6 further determines the demand control time zone of the amount of power used. Then, the operation pattern of the device is determined based on the result of the above prediction, and heat storage amount determination processing 31 and heat source machine operation state determination processing 32 are performed. Further, reference numeral 30 represents a process for detecting residual ice / remaining heat of the heat accumulator.

[2] Device Control Method Next, a device control method in the first embodiment will be described. (1). Prediction of electric power demand First, we grasp the transition of the amount of electric power used due to cooling or heating operation when this equipment is operated throughout the four seasons as time series data in a certain time unit for a certain time range, and use it as the electricity demand. It is accumulated and prepared in advance as time-series basic data (hereinafter referred to as basic data). In other words, this basic data is the power demand basic data processing 3 in the image as shown in FIG.
It is collected by and is used as a reference for a comparison target described later.

On the other hand, the amount of electric power used in the actual operation of this apparatus is grasped by the electric power demand time series detecting means 4 as time series data in a unit of a fixed period and a fixed time, and is controlled. It is collected as data up to the current time of the day (solid line in FIG. 2B), and this data is used as power demand time series data (hereinafter referred to as current data).

Then, data analysis processing is performed on both the basic data of the amount of electric power used and the current data obtained above, and the state of change in the amount of electric power used immediately before the latest data collection time of the current data is performed. Then, in the basic data, a change pattern similar to the change is searched for and referred to. That is, with respect to the latest data collection time (current time) of the current data described above, data showing a state of change in power consumption similar to the state of change in power consumption immediately before that is searched for from the basic data, and the pattern By matching with, the state of change in the power demand at the time immediately after the current time is estimated (dotted line in FIG. 2B).

In this embodiment, a data analysis method based on the chaos theory described below is used as a data classification method for matching the above patterns. [Prediction Method by Chaos Analysis] (A). Collection of Basic Data First, with respect to basic data, as shown in FIG. 3A, a value corresponding to each time is collected (for a fixed period, on a daily basis).

(B). Analysis of basic data Then, with respect to the basic data collected in (A) above, the time-series data is embedded in a predetermined dimension based on a predetermined delay time to construct a trajectory. The characteristics of the data are grasped by performing analysis by the means. (α) Setting of a predetermined delay time A reference time t1 at which the judgment is made, and a further minute time ΔT from t1
Then, the time t2 is determined, and a trajectory described later is constructed using the data corresponding to the reference time t1 and the data corresponding to the time t2 after the elapse of ΔT. Here, with respect to the magnitude of ΔT, an optimum value (which best represents the characteristics of data) is selected from various values, and ΔT optimized for controlling the apparatus is used. (β) Embedding in a predetermined dimension In order to construct the trajectory of the next step (γ), the embedding dimension is determined. The embedding dimension is a basic component for grasping the characteristics of the data in detail, and all data to be analyzed are expressed by a combination of the basic components. Therefore, if the dimension is low, not all the data can be expressed sufficiently, so that the prediction accuracy is lowered, and if the dimension is too high, the analysis tends to take more time and labor than necessary, which is inefficient. Therefore, the value of the embedding dimension is finally determined after optimization is performed from various values. (γ) Trajectory construction The trajectories shown in Fig. 3 (b) are constructed using the results of the above (α) and (β). FIG. 3B shows the case where the embedding dimension is two-dimensional. In this figure, the horizontal axis represents the data value xt at the reference time t1, and the vertical axis represents the delay time Δ from the reference time t1.
It takes the data value yt at time t2 after T has elapsed. When actually constructing the trajectory, the embedding dimension determined in the above process (β) is used.

(C). Collection of current data As for the current data, as shown in FIG. 3C, the same format as that of the basic data (each time and its corresponding value are collected for a fixed period of one day). Here, the component of the vertical axis of the data is the value of the amount of electric power used.

(D). Prediction value calculation by trajectory construction / comparison Trajectories are similarly constructed for the current data obtained in (C). Then, the trajectory constructed from the current data and the trajectory constructed from the basic data are referenced and compared, and the state at the time immediately after the current time is calculated from the data (reference data) having the trajectory similar to that of the current data and the basic data. To estimate. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the similar data (F) in the basic data, which is opposite to the current data in (E), is searched for. Then, calculated by adding the same vector for the next step point N _A from C _A point strikes the current time, a displacement vector between C _B N _B in (F) data to the point C _A basic data of (E) To do. That is, the points C _{A of} the (E) data and the (F) data,
The relationship expressed by the equation (1) is established between N _A , C _B and N _B.

[0020]

[Equation 1]

The point N _A thus obtained becomes the control target in the next control step. In the actual procedure, point N
_The control target value is determined by converting A into time series data in the reverse procedure of when the trajectory was constructed.

(2). Prediction of heat demand On the other hand, the transition of heat load (heat demand) in the living space is also described above.
Data processing similar to (1) is performed. That is, the transition of the heat load amount of the living space due to the cooling or heating operation when this device is operated throughout the four seasons is stored and prepared in advance as heat demand time series basic data (basic data). Also, the change in the heat load of the living space due to the actual operation is acquired as heat demand time series data. Then, for both the basic data and the current data, for example, the analysis processing of the data based on the above-mentioned chaos theory is performed, and the data at the latest time of the current data and the data immediately before it are similar data from the basic data. The change pattern is searched and collated to predict the heat demand curve. In addition, the heat load (heat demand) of the living space here means the outside air temperature / humidity, the temperature / humidity of the living space,
It is decided based on information such as the heat capacity of the living space.

As described in (1) and (2) above, the power demand / heat demand predicting means 5 predicts the amount of power used and further predicts the transition of the heat demand in the living space, thereby improving the prediction accuracy. Aim for further improvement.

(3). Determination of demand control time zone Next, the demand control time zone determining means 6 determines the demand control time zone based on the prediction result of the transition state of the power demand. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, a certain threshold value is set for the power demand prediction curve, and the time zone in which the power demand value is equal to or higher than the threshold value is estimated as the demand control time zone Td.

(4). Determining heat dissipation operation Based on the heat demand prediction obtained by the above method and the power demand prediction considering the influence of the demand control time zone, the heat dissipation operation pattern of the heat storage unit 12 To decide. (Demand control of electric energy) For example, during a time period (demand control time period Td) that exceeds the threshold value of the electric power consumption, the operation of the device is temporarily partly operated or stopped, thereby suppressing the electric power consumption. To Then, when the amount of power used falls below the threshold value and it becomes necessary to supply cold (warm) heat to the living space again, the operation of the equipment is restarted. The control that repeats the operation / stop of these devices is called demand control.
FIG. 6 shows how the power consumption of the device changes when the demand control is performed.

(5). Determination of heat storage amount / heat storage operation As described above, the amount of power used is predicted, and the transition of the heat load of the living space is predicted to further improve the prediction accuracy, and the power demand curve By considering the condition that a certain threshold value is set in the demand control time zone for the prediction of, it becomes possible to predict the transition of the heat dissipation operation state of the heat storage device with the influence of the power demand control taken into consideration. The heat storage amount and heat storage operation can be determined based on the result.

FIG. 7 shows a pattern example of the operating state of the apparatus at the peak of cooling, for example. First, the operating state of heat radiation (cooling) of the heat accumulator during the daytime is determined by the predicted value. The driving state here means driving, partial driving,
It means each state of stop. As a result, the required heat storage amount (A) + (B) can be estimated, and the heat storage operation is set so that the required heat storage amount can be stored at night.

The time when the heat storage operation is started (T in FIG. 7).
ts), detection processing 1 of residual ice or residual heat of the heat accumulator 12
5. When it is assumed that there is residual ice when producing ice in the heat storage device 12 and residual hot heat when producing hot water in the heat storage device 12, the required heat storage amount determined by the above method is used. The heat storage operation control of the heat storage device 12 is performed by estimating the heat storage amount obtained by subtracting the heat storage amount corresponding to the residual ice or the residual warm heat as the required heat storage amount.

Further, in consideration of the amount of heat storage determined by the above method and the capacity of the heat source device 11, the end time of the heat storage operation (Tte in FIG. 7) is the cooling or heating operation start time (see FIG. 7). The start time (Tts) of the heat storage operation is adjusted to be close to the time immediately before (Ths of 7).

Embodiment 2 FIG. In the first embodiment, the demand control time zone is determined by setting a threshold value at the upper limit of the amount of power used, but a specific preset time zone is set as the demand control time zone, and Other prediction methods have the same effects as those of the first embodiment even when the same method as that of the first embodiment is adopted.

Embodiment 3 In the first embodiment, the device in which the heat source device 11 is capable of operating both cooling and heating has been described, but even when the heat source device 11 is only capable of cooling operation, the first embodiment is used. By controlling by the same method as above, the same effect is obtained.

Embodiment 4 FIG. In the first embodiment, an air conditioner is used as the cool / warm air discharger 13, and a device that uses water as a medium for exchanging heat among the heat source device 11, the heat accumulator 12, and the air conditioner 13 is shown. , The indoor unit in the cool / warm air discharger 13, and between the heat source unit 11, the heat storage unit 12 and the indoor unit 13,
Even in the case of an apparatus using a refrigerant as a medium for heat transfer, by controlling in the same manner as in the first embodiment,
A similar effect is achieved.

[0033]

As described above, according to the present invention, the time-series basic data regarding the power consumption of the device and the time-series data of the power consumption immediately before the current time of the device are used to determine the power consumption immediately after the current time. Predict the amount of power used. Furthermore, after performing similar processing for the demand heat load of the living space, regarding the forecast of power demand, by adding the condition of power demand management that partially limits the amount of power used, Determine the driving pattern. As a result, it becomes possible to predict and determine the required heat storage amount. As a result, the heat load of the living space can be covered only by the heat radiating operation of the heat accumulator in all the time periods when the cooling or heating operation is performed, and the power consumption can be reduced without losing the comfort of the living space. There is a possible effect.

Further, by making the end time of the heat storage operation as close as possible to the time immediately before the start time of the cooling or heating operation, it is possible to reduce the loss of the stored heat and further reduce the power consumption. It is possible to

Further, the residual ice or the residual heat of the heat accumulator is detected, and the heat quantity obtained by subtracting the heat quantity corresponding to the residual ice or the residual heat from the necessary heat quantity is estimated as the necessary heat quantity to control the heat storage operation. As a result, the residual ice or the residual heat can be effectively used, and the amount of electric power used can be further saved.

Further, by performing chaos analysis when predicting the power demand curve or the heat demand curve, the data analysis can be made simpler and clearer, which is suitable for computer processing.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration conceptual diagram of an ice heat storage air conditioner according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing basic data and current data of power consumption.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining data processing by chaos analysis.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining data processing by chaos analysis.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a prediction curve of power consumption.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of power demand control.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operating state of the device.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram of a configuration of a conventional ice storage air conditioner.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ice heat storage air conditioner, 2 operation controller, 3 power demand / heat demand basic data processing, 4 power demand / heat demand time series data detection means, 5 power demand / heat demand prediction means, 6
Demand control time zone determination means, 11 heat source machine, 12
Heat storage device, 13 cold / warm air discharge device, 30 detection process of residual ice / residual heat, 31 heat storage amount determination process, 32 heat source machine operating state determination process, R living space.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Osamu Otsuka 2-3-3 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Sanryo Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masahiro Inoue 2-3-3, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Ryoden Co., Ltd.In-house

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An ice heat storage air conditioner having a heat source device for producing cold heat or warm heat, a heat storage device for storing the cold heat or warm heat, and a cool / warm air discharger for living space, wherein the power demand is time-series. Power demand forecasting means that predicts the power demand curve from the power demand time-series data detected as data and the pre-stored power demand time-series basic data, and the heat demand time when the thermal load of the living space is detected as time-series data A heat demand forecasting means for predicting a heat demand curve from the sequence data and the heat demand time series basic data representing the transition of the heat load amount of the living space accumulated in advance, and the peak power consumption of the power demand curve. Demand control time zone determination means for determining a demand control time zone for reducing a part, the power demand forecast, the heat demand forecast, and the operation control in the demand control time zone Ice thermal storage air conditioning apparatus characterized by comprising a means for determining the heat radiation operation pattern of the heat accumulator performs thermal storage operation by estimating the heat storage quantity required based on the driving pattern based on. 2. The ice heat storage air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the demand control time zone is set in advance to estimate the heat storage amount corresponding to the time zone. 3. The ice heat storage air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein a predetermined threshold value is provided in the power demand curve, and a time zone exceeding the threshold value is set as a demand control time zone. 4. The heat storage device is controlled so that the heat storage operation of the predicted heat storage amount is just completed immediately before the heat radiation operation of the heat storage device is started. Item 1. The ice storage air conditioner according to Item 1. 5. In the heat storage operation, the amount of residual ice or the amount of residual heat is detected by the residual ice or residual heat detection means,
If there is residual ice or residual thermal energy, control of the thermal storage operation shall be performed with the aim of accumulating the remaining thermal energy obtained by subtracting the thermal energy equivalent to the residual ice or residual thermal energy from the above predicted thermal energy storage amount. The ice heat storage air conditioner according to claim 1. 6. The power demand curve or the heat demand curve is predicted by performing chaos analysis in the power demand prediction means or the heat demand prediction means. The ice heat storage air conditioner according to the item.