JPH09146382A - Electrophotographic color image forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To excellently transfer a transfer layer and a toner image on a material to be transferred even when the film thickness of the transfer layer is thin and a transfer condition is moderated. SOLUTION: After the toner image of one or more colors is formed by using liquid developer on an electrophotographic photoreceptor 11 having a peelable surface in an electrophotographic process, the toner image is contact-transferred on a primary receptor 20 whose surface cohesion is >=3 gram.force at temperature T1 and <=40 gram.force at temperature T2 higher than the temperature T1 through the transfer layer principally containing a thermoplastic resin A at the temperature T1 , and further the toner image is contact-transferred on the material to be transferred 30 together with the transfer layer at the temperature T2 , so that a color image is formed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic color image forming method applicable to the fields of electrophotographic color copying machines, color printers, color proofers, color checkers and the like, and an apparatus used therefor. In particular, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic color image forming method for stably and repeatedly forming high-quality copied images.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Toners of a plurality of colors are successively superposed and developed directly on the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member to form a multicolored color image, which is then transferred to a transfer material such as a printing paper at a time. A method for producing a color print, a color copy or a color proof (proof for printing) is known. Such a developing method includes a so-called dry developing method and a wet developing method. A color image obtained by using the wet development method is preferable, as compared with the case of the dry development method, because there is no color shift of each color and a high resolution color image can be obtained.
It is extremely difficult to completely transfer the wet toner image directly from the surface of the photoconductor to the actual paper.

To solve this problem, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-272
Japanese Patent Publication No. 469 discloses a technique in which a non-aqueous solvent is supplied between a material to be transferred and a photoconductor at the time of transfer, and then electrostatically transferred. Further, JP-A-2-115855 and 2
In No. 115866, after a transparent film is laminated on the surface of the photoconductor in advance, a wet toner image is formed on the film by an electrophotographic process, and then the film is peeled from the photoconductor and attached to plain paper to transfer the image. A method of doing so is disclosed. However, in this case, the film to be laminated is 9 μm
Is suitable, but the production and handling of a film having such a thickness are extremely troublesome, and it is necessary to separately take measures for that purpose.

Further, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-43185 discloses that
A photosensitive material having a photoconductive layer on a light transmissive substrate and a transparent dielectric support thereon is imagewise exposed through the light transmissive substrate,
A method is disclosed in which color separation images are overlapped and formed on a dielectric support, and the support is transferred onto a transfer target material. This method is extremely disadvantageous in terms of cost because the light-transmitting substrate must be used even though the photosensitive material is disposable.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos.
Nos. 2,814,64 and 3,11,347 disclose that in an electrophotographic transfer method using a dry development method, a peelable transfer layer is provided in advance on a photoreceptor surface, a toner image is formed thereon, and then the toner image is transferred. A technique of transferring to layers and paper is disclosed. However, in these techniques, when the photoreceptor is used repeatedly, there are problems that a special operation is required at the time of transfer and that formation of a transfer layer involves difficulty. Further, in a method using a photoreceptor on which a transfer layer (or a release layer) has been formed in advance, the photoreceptor must be disposable, and the disadvantage in terms of cost cannot be avoided.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-265280 describes a method of transferring a toner image on a photosensitive layer to a highly smooth primary intermediate transfer medium and then retransferring it onto a final transfer material. JP-A-3-243973 and 4-908
No. 7 and the like describe a method of obtaining a good final color image even with a wet toner by using a special transfer medium. In these methods, it is said that the toner image can be clearly transferred without being affected by the surface unevenness of the final transfer material.
Further, since the image is transferred onto the final transfer target material, a missing toner image or uneven image density is observed in the obtained color image.
In particular, fine image parts such as fine lines and fine sentences are often found missing. Further, a toner image remains on the surface of the photoconductor after the transfer process. This means that when the photoconductor is used repeatedly, it becomes necessary to clean the photoconductor surface.
For this reason, the setting of the apparatus and the damage to the surface of the photoconductor due to cleaning and the like pose problems.

Further, JP-A-5-181324 and JP-A-5-181324
No. 181325 and No. 5-197169, a peelable transfer layer made of a thermoplastic resin is provided on a photoreceptor having a peelable surface as a color image forming method using a wet toner capable of repeatedly using the photoreceptor. A method is described in which a toner image is formed thereon by an electrophotographic process, and then the toner image is transferred together with a transfer layer onto a final transfer target material.
According to these methods, even when a wet toner is used,
By transferring the toner image together with the transfer layer, it can be completely transferred to the final transfer target material without degrading the toner image, and the transfer layer is formed on the photosensitive member in the electrophotographic apparatus so that the photosensitive member can be repeatedly used. It is possible to realize low cost.

However, even in these technologies,
The transfer layer must be designed so as not to adversely affect the electrophotographic process, or the toner image is formed on the transfer layer, so it must be sufficiently adhered to the final transfer material at the time of transfer to be peeled off. However, there is a problem that the toner image portion or the surface state of the final transfer target material is easily influenced, and the complete transfer of the toner image is not always performed.

Further, although the case of using the conductive dry toner, the method of interposing an intermediate transfer member on the adhesive surface is described in, for example, Tadashi Ogasawara, Masatoshi Kimura, "Proceedings of the 4th Non-Impact Printing Technology Symposium" 101 (1987). ) Etc. However, even if the method via the adhesive intermediate transfer member is applied to the liquid developer, the transfer of the toner image from the photosensitive member to the intermediate transfer member and from the intermediate transfer member to the transfer material is 10
It was not possible to realize the advantage of high-definition image formation that could be reproduced with a liquid developer without 0% transfer.

[0010]

As described above, in the conventional color image forming method using an intermediate transfer medium, a sufficiently satisfactory color image cannot be obtained. There are various problems such as difficulty in maintaining the performance over a long period of time, occurrence of disposable members for maintaining the performance, and necessity of using a special transfer medium. On the other hand, the color image forming method in which the transfer layer is provided on the photoreceptor still has problems to be solved, such as difficulty in obtaining a stable and high-definition image regardless of the type of the toner and the type of the final transfer receiving material. Exists.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the conventional electrophotographic color image forming method.
An object of the present invention is to provide a transfer layer capable of easily and stably obtaining a high-definition, high-quality color image without color shift and reproducing an excellent color image regardless of a final transfer-receiving material. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic color image forming method used.

It is a further object of the present invention that the transfer layer is thin and the transfer conditions are relaxed, for example, even if the transfer temperature becomes low or the transfer speed becomes high, the transfer layer and the toner still remain. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic color image forming method in which an image is satisfactorily transferred to a final transfer material.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to form a toner image of one or more colors by an electrophotographic process using a liquid developer on an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a releasable surface.
By the method (i) or (ii) below, the toner image is contact-transferred onto the primary receptor having an adhesive surface at a temperature (T ₁ ), and the toner image on the primary receptor is transferred together with the transfer layer onto the final transfer material. Is a method for producing a color image by contact transfer at a temperature (T ₂ ) higher than the temperature (T ₁ ), wherein the adhesive force of the surface of the primary receptor is JIS Z 0237-1980 The temperature (T
₁ ) 3 gram force or more, and temperature (T ₂ ).
It was found that it is achieved by an electrophotographic color image forming method characterized by being 40 gram · force or less. (I) After forming a transfer layer mainly containing a thermoplastic resin (A) having a glass transition point of 80 ° C. or lower or a softening point of 90 ° C. or lower on the entire surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member on which the toner image is formed,
The toner image is transferred together with the transfer layer onto the primary receptor. (Ii) The toner image on the electrophotographic photoreceptor is transferred onto a primary receptor having a transfer layer mainly containing the resin (A).

According to the method of the present invention, the toner image formed on the photoconductor is transferred through the transfer layer by any one of the methods (i) and (ii). The toner image can always be transferred completely and stably without being affected by. In addition, the transfer layer is overcoated on the entire surface of the toner image transferred onto the transfer material, so that the toner image portion is protected and the durability of the image is maintained.

Furthermore, the surface of the primary receptor has a low temperature (T ₁ ).
Adhesiveness (3 gram force or more) is sufficient and transfer of the toner image from the photoreceptor is very easy, and even when the temperature is high, the adhesiveness is still sufficiently low (40 gram force or less). Therefore, the batch transfer of the toner image and the transfer layer from the primary receptor to the final transfer material can be easily achieved. Further, since the surface of the photosensitive layer does not directly contact the material to be transferred, damage to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is reduced, and the photosensitive member can be repeatedly used or used for a long time.

In the present invention, further, the resin (A) constituting the transfer layer provided by the method (i) or (ii) has a glass transition point of 30 to 60 ° C. or a softening point of 35 to 90 ° C. (AH) and glass transition point 40 ° C or lower or softening point 45 ° C
It is preferable that the resin is at least composed of the following resin (AL), and the difference in glass transition point or softening point between the resin (AH) and the resin (AL) is 2 ° C. or more. As a result, the transfer property is further improved, the transfer temperature can be lowered in the transfer process, the transfer pressure can be lowered, and the transfer speed can be improved, and a transfer device having a simple structure can be used.

Further, instead of using an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a transfer layer on its surface in advance, the transfer layer is peeled off by forming the transfer layer on the photoreceptor or the primary receptor each time in the apparatus. Since the photoreceptor and the primary receptor after the exposure can be repeatedly used, the electrophotographic process can be continuously performed without disposing the photoreceptor and the primary receptor.

[0018]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. The electrophotographic photosensitive member provided in the present invention will be described. As the electrophotographic photosensitive member, any conventionally known one can be used. What is important is that the surface of the photoreceptor has releasability during toner image formation so that the toner image or transfer layer formed on the photoreceptor can be easily peeled off later. That is, in the present invention, at least when the toner image is formed, JIS of the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor
It is desirable that the peeling force in Z 0237-1980 “Test method for adhesive tape / adhesive sheet” is 20 gram · force (g · f) or less. As a result, the releasability between the photoconductor and the toner image or the transfer layer can be better exhibited, and the toner image or the transfer layer can be easily transferred to the primary receptor.

The peeling force is measured by the above JIS Z 0237-1980 "Adhesive tape / adhesive sheet test method" according to the 180 degree peeling method of 83.1 with the following modifications. An electrophotographic photoreceptor is used as the "test plate". An adhesive tape having a width of 6 mm and manufactured according to JIS C 2338-1984 is used as a "test piece". Peel off at a speed of 120 mm / min using a constant speed tension type tensile tester. That is, on the test plate, with the adhesive surface of the test plate piece facing down, a roller of about 300 mm /
Move back and forth once at the speed of a minute to crimp. In a period of 20 to 40 minutes after the crimping, the film is peeled off at a speed of 120 mm / min after peeling off about 25 mm using a constant-speed tension type tensile tester. The force is read every 20 mm peeling, for a total of 4 readings. The test is performed on three test pieces, and an average value of twelve pieces measured from the three test pieces is obtained, and this is converted into a proportional value per 10 mm width. The peel force on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is more preferably 1
It is 5 g · f or less, particularly preferably 10 g · f or less.

As a method for obtaining a photoreceptor having a releasability on the surface, a method using a photoreceptor having a releasability on the surface itself (first method) and a compound (S) exhibiting a releasability are used as toner images. A method (second method) of applying it to the surface of the photoreceptor before formation is mentioned. Also, any of these methods can be used in combination.

An example of the photoconductor having a peelable surface which can be used in the first method is a photoconductor having a surface of amorphous silicon modified to have releasability. In the electrophotographic photosensitive member, as a method of modifying the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member mainly containing amorphous silicon to have releasability, a coupling agent containing a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom (silane coupling agent, titanium There is a method of treating the surface of the amorphous silicon photoconductor with a coupling agent or the like).
844, JP-A-4-231318, JP-A-60-1.
70860, 59-102244, 60-17.
No. 750, etc. Further, as another method, a releasing agent (S) described later, particularly a releasing agent containing a component containing a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom in a block (for example, polyether modification, carboxylic acid, amino group, A modified polydialkyl silicones such as carbinol can be adsorbed and fixed. Further, as another example of the photoreceptor having a releasable surface, a polymer component in which the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains at least one of a silicon atom and a fluorine atom in the vicinity of the surface (containing a silicon atom and / or a fluorine atom) is provided. The thing containing the polymer to contain is mentioned.

Since the surface of such a photoreceptor has a good releasability, the toner image or the transfer layer can be easily and completely transferred onto the primary receptor all together.

Here, the vicinity of the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member means
It means the uppermost layer of the photoreceptor, and includes the overcoat layer and the uppermost photoconductive layer provided on the photoconductive layer. That is,
An overcoat layer is provided as the uppermost layer of the photoconductor having a photoconductive layer, and the polymer is contained in the overcoat layer to impart releasability, or a photoconductive layer (photoconductor single layer and photoconductor The above-mentioned polymer may be contained in the uppermost layer of any of the laminated layers), and the surface thereof may be modified so as to exhibit releasability.

In order to impart releasability to the overcoat layer or the uppermost photoconductive layer, a polymer containing a silicon atom and / or a fluorine atom may be used as a binder resin for the layer. Alternatively, it is also preferable to use a block copolymer (surface unevenly distributed copolymer) containing a polymer segment composed of a polymer component containing a silicon atom and / or a fluorine atom as described below together with another binder resin. Further, the resin containing silicon atoms and / or fluorine atoms may be used in the form of particles. Among them, when the overcoat layer is provided, a method of using the surface unevenly distributed copolymer in combination with another binder resin can be used because the adhesion between the photoconductive layer and the overcoat layer can be sufficiently maintained. .
The above surface uneven distribution type copolymer can be used usually in a proportion of 0.1 to 95 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total composition of the overcoat layer.

As the surface-peelable overcoat layer, specifically, in a PPC photoreceptor using a dry toner,
A protective layer used for providing a surface layer on the photoconductor to protect the photoconductor is known as one means for maintaining durability of the photoconductor surface against repeated use of the photoconductor. For example, as a technique relating to a protective layer using a silicone block copolymer, JP-A-61-95358 is known.
No. 55, No. 55-83049, No. 62-89771, No. 51-189559, No. 52-75461, No. 61.
-139555, 62-139557, 62-
Examples thereof include those described in No. 208055. Further, examples of the protective layer using a fluorine-based block copolymer include those described in JP-A Nos. 61-116362, 51-117563, 61-20768, and 52-14657. Further, as a protective layer using a resin containing a fluorine atom-containing polymer component in the form of particles, those described in JP-A-63-249152 and JP-A-63-221355 can be mentioned.

Further, the method of modifying the surface of the uppermost photoconductive layer to a state in which releasability is exhibited is a method of using a so-called dispersion type photoreceptor which uses at least a photoconductor and a binder resin. Effectively applied. That is, in the layer constituting the uppermost layer of the photoconductive layer, a resin of a block copolymer containing, as a block, a polymer segment containing a polymer component containing a silicon atom and / or a fluorine atom, and silicon atom and / or By coexisting at least one of the resin particles containing the fluorine-containing polymer component, these materials are concentrated and migrated to the surface and unevenly distributed, so that the surface can be modified into a peelable surface. Examples of the copolymer and resin particles include those described in JP-A-5-197169.

In order to further strengthen the uneven distribution of the surface,
As a binder resin for the overcoat layer or the photoconductive layer, a polymer segment containing a silicon atom and / or a fluorine atom,
It is preferable to use a block copolymer obtained by binding at least one kind of polymer segment containing a heat and / or photocurable group-containing component in a block. Examples of the polymer segment containing the heat and / or photocurable group-containing component include those described in JP-A-5-197169. Alternatively, a light and / or thermosetting resin may be used together with a resin containing a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom.

The polymer containing a polymer component containing a silicon atom and / or a fluorine atom (hereinafter sometimes referred to as polymer component (F)) of the present invention which is effective for modifying the surface of a photoreceptor is , Resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as resin (P)) or resin particles (hereinafter sometimes referred to as resin particles (PL)). When the polymer is a random copolymer, the polymer component containing a silicon atom and / or a fluorine atom is preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more, based on the total polymer components. is there.

More preferably, the polymer segment (α) containing 50% by weight or more of the polymer component containing a silicon atom and / or a fluorine atom and 0 to 20% by weight of the polymer component containing a silicon and / or a fluorine atom. It is a block copolymer in which the polymer segments (β) contained therein are linked by blocks. More preferably, it is a block copolymer containing at least one polymer component containing a light and / or thermosetting functional group in the segment (β) in the block copolymer. In these block copolymers, it is preferable that the segment (β) does not contain any polymer component containing a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom.

When the block copolymer containing the polymer segments (α) and (β) (surface uneven distribution type copolymer) is used, the surface releasability itself is improved as compared with the random copolymer, and further, Releasability is retained. That is, when a small amount of a block copolymer containing a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom is made to coexist to form a coating film, these are easily transferred and concentrated on the surface portion of the film by the end of the drying step after coating. Also, even when the surface of the film is modified so that peelability can be exhibited and the film is cured to form a toner image or transfer layer, these resins suppress the transfer to the toner image or transfer layer. Alternatively, it can be eliminated and the interface between the toner image or the transfer layer and the electrophotographic photosensitive member can be clearly formed and maintained, and the state is sufficiently retained even after repeated use.

As mentioned above, the polymer may be used as resin particles (PL). In the case of resin particles (PL),
Transfer and concentration to the surface are performed by the action of the insolubilized polymer segment (α), and the polymer segment (β) soluble in the non-aqueous solvent bound to the particles is, as in the case of the resin, It interacts with the binder resin to perform an anchor effect. Further, when the curable group is contained in the polymer or the binder resin, transfer to the transfer layer is eliminated.

The polymer component containing a substituent containing a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom is contained as a substituent on the side chain of the polymer even if the substituent is incorporated in the polymer main chain. It may have been done. Specific embodiments of the above compounds are described in JP-A-4-310754 and JP-A-4-310754.
No. 197169, No. 5-181324, and the like.

The second method for obtaining a photoreceptor having a releasable surface is to apply a releasable compound (S) onto a normal electrophotographic photoreceptor to form a releasable photoreceptor surface before forming a toner image. It is a method, and it is particularly preferable to apply it to an amorphous silicon photoreceptor as an electrophotographic photoreceptor.
Specific examples of such a compound (S) and specific modes of its application are described in JP-A-5-169846 and JP-A-5-93846.
832 and the like.

As the constitution and material of the electrophotographic photosensitive member provided in the present invention, any conventionally known one can be used,
It is not limited. For example, RM Schaffert.
“Electrophotography” Focal Press London (1980), S.
W. Ing, MD Tabak, WE Haas. “Electrophotogra
phy Fourth lnternational Conference ”SPSE (1983),
Isao Shinohara, Hidetoshi Tsuchida, Hideaki Kusagawa "Recording Materials and Photosensitive Resins" Published by Academic Society Publishing Center (1979), Hiroshi Komon, Chemistry and Industry, 39 (3), 161 (1986), Comprehensive Technology Collection of materials "Recent development and practical application of photoconductive materials and photoconductors", Japan Science Information Co., Ltd. (1986), Electrophotographic Society, "Basics and Applications of Electrophotographic Technology", Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. (1986) ,) And various photoconductors described in the review papers such as "Present Symposium on Organic Photoconductors for Electrophotography" edited by The Institute of Electrophotography (1985). That is, a single layer composed of the photoconductive compound itself or a photoconductive layer in which the photoconductive compound is dispersed in a binder resin can be mentioned. The dispersed photoconductive layer may be a single layer type or a laminated type. .

The photoconductive compound used in the present invention may be either an inorganic compound or an organic compound. As the inorganic compound used as the photoconductive compound of the present invention, for example, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zinc sulfide,
Examples of conventionally known inorganic photoconductive compounds such as cadmium sulfide, selenium, selenium-tellurium, amorphous silicon, and lead sulfide may be used to form a photoconductive layer together with a binder resin, or vapor deposition or The photoconductive layer may be formed solely by sputtering or the like. When an inorganic photoconductive compound such as zinc oxide or titanium oxide is used, the binder resin is used in an amount of 10 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 15 to 40 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the inorganic photoconductive compound. .

On the other hand, the photoconductive layer using an organic compound may be any conventionally known one, and specifically, a photoconductive layer mainly composed of an organic photoconductive compound, a sensitizing dye, and a binder resin, a second Examples of the photoconductive layer include a photoconductive layer mainly composed of a charge generating agent, a charge transporting agent, and a binder resin, and a two-layered photoconductive layer containing a charge generating agent and a charge transporting agent in separate layers.
The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may take any form of the above-described photoconductive layer. In the case of the second example, the organic photoconductive compound functions as a charge transport agent.

Examples of the organic photoconductive compound used in the present invention include triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives and azurenium salts. Derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, N, N-bicarbazyl derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, benzidine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, polyvinylcarbazole and its derivatives, polyvinylpyrene, polyvinylanthracene, poly-2-vinyl -4- (4'-
Dimethylaminophenyl) -5-phenyl-oxazole, vinyl polymers such as poly-3-vinyl-N-ethylcarbazole, polyacenaphthylene, polyindene, polymers such as copolymers of acenaphthylene and styrene, triphenylmethane polymer, Pyrene-formaldehyde resin,
Examples thereof include condensation resins such as bromopyrene-formaldehyde resin and ethylcarbazole-formaldehyde resin. Note that the organic photoconductive compound is not limited to these compounds, and all known organic photoconductive compounds can be used. These organic photoconductive compounds can be used in combination of two or more in some cases.

As the sensitizing dye contained in the photoconductive layer,
Conventionally known sensitizing dyes used for electrophotographic photoreceptors can be used. These are "electrophotography" 12 , 9 (1973),
"Organic Synthetic Chemistry" 24 (11), 1010 (1966) and the like. For example, pyrylium-based dyes described in U.S. Pat.
Applied 0ptics Supplement 3 50 (1969), JP-A-50-
Triarylmethane dyes described in JP-A-39548, cyanine dyes described in US Pat. No. 3,597,196, JP-A-60-163047 and JP-A-59-16458.
No. 8, No. 60-252517, etc. are advantageously used.

As the charge generating agent contained in the photoconductive layer, various organic and inorganic charge generating agents known in the prior art for electrophotographic photoreceptors can be used. For example, selenium, selenium-tellurium, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide, and the organic pigments described below can be used, and these are arbitrarily selected as charge generating agents having spectral sensitivity suited to the wavelength range of the light source of the printer. .

Examples of the organic pigments include azo pigments such as monoazo, bisazo and trisazo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments such as metal-free or metal phthalocyanine, perylene pigments, indigo, thioindigo derivatives, quinacridone pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments, Examples thereof include bisbenzimidazole-based pigments, squalium salt-based pigments, and azurenium salt-based pigments, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Further, in the photoconductive layer used in combination with the charge transport agent, one having good compatibility with the type of charge generation agent used in combination is selected.
The compound group known as the above-mentioned organic photoconductive compound is mentioned. The upper limit of the content of the organic photoconductive compound is determined by the compatibility between the organic photoconductive compound and the binding resin. Crystallization of the compound occurs, which is not preferable. Since the electrophotographic sensitivity decreases as the content of the organic photoconductive compound decreases, it is preferable to include as many organic photoconductive compounds as possible within the range where crystallization of the organic photoconductive compound does not occur. The content of the organic photoconductive compound is 5 to 120 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.

The binder resin that can be used in the photoreceptor of the present invention may be any of the resins used in conventionally known electrophotographic photoreceptors, and the weight average molecular weight is preferably 5 × 10 5.
^{It is 3} to 1 × 10 ⁶ , more preferably 2 × 10 ^{4 to} 5 × 10 ⁵ . Further, the glass transition point of the binder resin is preferably from -40C to 200C, more preferably from -10C to 14C.
0 ° C. For example, Ryuji Shibata and Jiro Ishiwatari, Polymer, Dai
Volume 17, p. 278 (1968) Harumi Miyamoto, Hidehiko Takei, Imaging, 1973 (No.8), Koichi Nakamura, "Practical Technology of Binders for Recording Materials," Chapter 10, C.I. H. C. Publishing (1985
1) Proceedings of "Current Symposium on Organic Photoreceptors for Electrophotography" edited by The Electrophotographic Society of Japan (1985) Hiroshi Komon, "Development and practical application of recent photoconductive materials and photoreceptors" Japan Science Information Co., Ltd. (19
1986) Electrophotographic Society, "Basics and Applications of Electrophotographic Technology" Chapter 5 Corona Publishing Co., Ltd. (1988), D. Tatt, SC Heidecke
r, Tappi, 49 (No.10), 439 (1966), ES Baltazzi,
RG Blanclotte et al, Phot. Sci. Eng. 16 (No.5),
354 (1972), Nguyen Chan Kay, Isamu Shimizu, Eiichi Inoue, Journals of the Institute of Electrophotography 18 (No.2), 22 (1980), etc.
Examples include the compounds described in the reviews.

Specifically, olefin polymers and copolymers, vinyl chloride copolymers, vinylidene chloride copolymers, vinyl alkanoate polymers and copolymers, allyl alkanoate polymers and copolymers, styrene and Polymers and copolymers of the derivatives, butadiene-styrene copolymers, isoprene-styrene copolymers, butadiene-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymers, acrylonitrile copolymers, methacrylonitrile copolymers, alkyl vinyl ether copolymers. Polymers, acrylic acid ester polymers and copolymers, methacrylic acid ester polymers and copolymers, styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymers, styrene-methacrylic acid ester copolymers, itaconic acid diester polymers and copolymers , Maleic anhydride copolymer, acrylamide copolymer, methacrylamide Polymer, hydroxyl-modified silicone resin, polycarbonate resin, ketone resin, polyester resin, silicone resin, amide resin, hydroxyl and carboxyl group-modified polyester resin, butyral resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, cyclized rubber-methacrylate copolymer, ring Rubber-acrylate copolymers, copolymers containing a nitrogen-free heterocycle (for example, as a heterocycle, a furan ring, a tetrahydrofuran ring, a thiophene ring, a dioxane ring, a dioxofuran ring, a lactone ring, a benzofuran ring, Benzothiophene ring, 1,3-dioxetane ring, etc.), epoxy resin and the like.

In particular, when a resin having a relatively low molecular weight (about 10 ³ to 10 ⁴ ) containing an acidic group such as a carboxyl group, a sulfo group or a phosphono group is used as a binder resin for the photoconductor, The electrical characteristics can be improved. For example, the resins described in JP-A-64-70761, JP-A-2-67563, JP-A-3-181948, and JP-A-3-249659 can be mentioned. Also, by using a specific medium to high molecular weight resin, stable performance can be maintained even when the environment fluctuates significantly. For example, JP-A-3-2995
No. 4, No. 3-77954, No. 3-92861, and No. 3-53257, and a resin or an acidic group for bonding the acidic group described in No. 3 to No. 3-53257 to the end of the graft portion of the graft copolymer. Resin contained in graft part, JP-A-3-
A graft type copolymer having an AB block type copolymer composed of an A block containing an acidic group and a B block not containing an acidic group described in Nos. 206464 and 3-223762 in a graft portion can be mentioned. . By using these resins, the photoconductor can be uniformly dispersed and a photoconductive layer having good smoothness can be formed, and in the case of using a scanning exposure method using environmental changes or semiconductor laser light. Also, excellent electrostatic characteristics can be maintained.

The thickness of the photoconductive layer is 1 to 100 μm, especially 1
0 to 50 μm is preferred. When a photoconductive layer is used as the charge generation layer of the photoreceptor having the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer, the thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 0.01 to 5 μm, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 μm. .

In the present invention, various dyes can be used together as a spectral sensitizer depending on the type of light source such as visible light exposure or semiconductor laser light exposure. For example, the above-mentioned review articles and documents on electrophotographic photoreceptors, "Electrophotography" 12, 9 (1973), "Organic Synthetic Chemistry" 24 (11),
1010 (1966), Harumi Miyamoto, Hidehiko Takei; Imaging 1973
(No.8) Page 12, CJ Young et al .: RCA Review 15, 46
Page 9 (1954), Kyohei Kiyota: Transactions of the Institute of Electrical Communication, J63
-C (No. 2), 97 pages (1980), Yuji Harasaki et al., Industrial Chemistry magazines 66, 78 and 188 pages (1963), Tadaaki Tani, Journal of the Photographic Society of Japan, 35 pages, 208 pages (1972), " Research Disclosure '' 19
1982, 216, 117-118, FM Hamer "The Cyanine Dy
es and Related Compounds ”and other general reference carbonium dyes, difermethane dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, xanthene dyes, phthalein dyes, polymethine dyes (eg, oxonol dyes, merocyanine dyes,
Cyanine dye, rhodacyanine dye, styryl dye, etc.),
And a phthalocyanine dye (which may contain a metal).

Furthermore, if necessary, various conventionally known additives for electrophotographic photoreceptors can be used.
These additives include a chemical sensitizer for improving electrophotographic sensitivity, various plasticizers for improving film properties,
A surfactant and the like are included.

Examples of the chemical sensitizer include halogen, benzoquinone, chloranil, fluoranyl, bromanil,
Dinitrobenzene, anthraquinone, 2,5-dichlorobenzoquinone, nitrophenol, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, N-hydroxymaleimide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, 2,
Electron-withdrawing compounds such as 3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone, dinitrofluorenone, trinitrofluorenone, tetracyanoethylene, nitrobenzoic acid, dinitrobenzoic acid, etc .; Development and Practical Use ”Chapters 4-6: Japan Science Information Co., Ltd.
Examples include polyarylalkane compounds, hindered phenol compounds, p-phenylenediamine compounds, and the like, which are reviewed in the publication section (1986). Also, JP-A-58-65
No. 439, No. 58-102239, No. 58-1294
Compounds described in JP-A-39-62 and JP-A-62-71965 can also be mentioned.

Examples of the plasticizer include dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, triphenyl phosphate, diisobutyl adipate, dimethyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate, butyl laurate, methyl phthalyl glycolate, dimethyl glycol phthalate. Can be added to improve the flexibility of the photoconductive layer. These plasticizers are preferably contained in a range that does not deteriorate the electrostatic properties of the photoconductive layer. The amounts of these various additives are not particularly limited, but are usually 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the photoconductor.
001 to 2.0 parts by weight.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member can be provided on a conventionally known support. Generally, the support of the electrophotographic photosensitive layer is preferably conductive, and as the conductive support, just as in the conventional case, for example, a substrate such as metal, paper or plastic sheet is impregnated with a low resistance substance. And conductive treatment is applied to the back surface (the surface opposite to the surface on which the photosensitive layer is provided) of the substrate, and at least one layer is coated for the purpose of preventing curling. Those provided with a water-resistant adhesive layer on the surface, those provided with at least one precoat layer as required on the surface layer of the above-mentioned support, those obtained by laminating electroconductive plastic substrate on which aluminum or the like is deposited on paper, etc. Can be used. Specifically, as an example of a conductive substrate or a conductive material,
Yukio Sakamoto, Electrophotography, 14 (No. 1), pages 2 to 11 (published in 1975), Hiroyuki Moriga, "Introduction to Special Paper Chemistry," Polymer Society (19
1975), MF Hoover, J. Macromol. Sci. Chem. A-
4 (6), pages 1327 to 1417 (published in 1970) and the like are used.

Next, a method for forming a toner image on the electrophotographic photosensitive member will be described. As described above, a toner image is formed on an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a peelable surface by a usual electrophotographic process. That is, each of the charging-exposure-development processes is performed by a conventionally known method (for example, the above-mentioned “Basic and Application of Electrophotographic Technology”, “Electrophotograph”).
y ”etc.).

The developer used in the present invention is preferably a conventionally unknown liquid developer for electrostatic photography. For example,
"Basics and Application of Electrophotographic Technology", pp. 497-505, supervised by Koichi Nakamura, "Development and Practical Use of Toner Materials", Chapter 3 (Nippon Kagaku Joho, 1985), Gen Machida, "Recording Materials and Photosensitivity" Resin "107-127 (1983), Gakkai Shuppan Center,
Specific embodiments are shown in the Electrophotographic Society, "Imaging Nos. 2 to 5, Development / Fixation / Electrification / Transfer of Electrophotography".

As a concrete basic constitution of the liquid developer,
Electrically insulating organic solvents {eg, isoparaffinic aliphatic hydrocarbons: Ansoper H, Isopar G (manufactured by Esso), Shellsol 70, Shellsol 71 (manufactured by Shell), IP-
Solvent 1620 (manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical), etc. as a dispersion medium, and an inorganic or organic pigment or dye as a colorant and an alkyd resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, styrene butadiene resin, rosin, etc.
A resin for imparting chargeability is dispersed, and various additives are added as required to enhance charge characteristics or improve image characteristics.

Known dyes and pigments are arbitrarily selected as the colorant, and examples thereof include benzine type, azo type, azomethine type, xanthene type, anthraquinone type, phthalocyanine type (including metal), titanium white. , Nigrosine, aniline black, carbon black and the like.

As other additives, for example, those specifically described in Yuji Harazaki "Electrophotography" Vol. 16, No. 2, p. 44 are used. For example, a metal salt containing a metal salt of di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinic acid, a metal salt of naphthenic acid, a metal salt of a higher fatty acid, a metal salt of an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, a metal salt of an alkyl phosphate, lecithin, poly (vinylpyrrolidone), and a hemimaleamide component Polymers, coumarone indene resin, higher alcohols, polyethers,
Examples include polysiloxane and waxes.

The amount of each main component of the liquid developer is usually as follows. The toner particles mainly composed of a resin (and a coloring agent optionally used) are used as the carrier liquid 100.
0.5 to 50 parts by weight per 0 parts by weight is preferred. If the amount is less than 0.5 parts by weight, the image density becomes insufficient,
When the amount exceeds the weight part, fogging to the non-image part is apt to occur. The carrier liquid-soluble resin for dispersion stabilization is also used as needed, and 0.5 parts by weight to 1000 parts by weight of the carrier liquid is used.
About 100 parts by weight can be added. The charge control agent is used in an amount of 0.001 part by weight to 1,000 parts by weight per 1000 parts by weight of the carrier liquid.
0 parts by weight is preferred. If desired, various additives may be added. The upper limit of the total amount of these additives is regulated by the electric resistance of the liquid agent. That is, if the electric resistance of the liquid developer from which the toner particles have been removed is lower than 10 ⁹ Qcm, it becomes difficult to obtain a high-quality continuous tone image. .

As a specific example of the method for producing the liquid developer,
A method of producing colored particles by mechanically dispersing a colorant and a resin using a disperser such as a sand mill, a ball mill, a jet mill, and an attritor is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 35-55.
No. 11, 35-13424, and 50-40017
No. 49-98634, No. 58-129438,
It is described in JP-A-61-180248.

As another method for producing colored particles, for example, a method of producing dispersed resin particles by a non-aqueous dispersion polymerization method which obtains fine particles having good monodispersity and coloring the particles can be mentioned. . As one of the coloring methods, there is a method of dyeing a dispersion resin with a preferable dye as described in JP-A-57-48738. In addition, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
A method of chemically bonding a dispersing resin and a dye as disclosed in JP-A-3-54029;
As described in the above publication, there is a method of producing a dye-containing copolymer by using a monomer containing a dye in advance when producing by a polymerization granulation method.

The combination of the scanning exposure method using laser light which is exposed on the basis of digital information and the developing method using a liquid developer is an effective process because a high-definition image can be formed. An example is shown below. First, the photosensitive material is positioned on a flat bed by a register pin method, and then suctioned and fixed by air suction from the back surface. Next, the photosensitive material is charged by the charging device described on page 212 et seq. Of, for example, "Basics and Application of Electrophotographic Technology" (edited by the Electrophotographic Society of Japan, Corona, published on June 15, 1988). The corotron or scotron system is common. At this time, it is also preferable to control the charging conditions by applying feedback so that the surface potential always falls within a predetermined range based on information from the charging potential detecting means of the photosensitive material. Then, for example, 254
Scanning exposure with a laser light source is performed by using the method described on and after page.

Then, a toner image is formed using the liquid developer. The photosensitive material charged and exposed on the flatbed can be removed therefrom and the wet developing method described on page 275 and thereafter of the cited reference can be used. The exposure mode at this time corresponds to the toner image development mode. For example, in the case of reversal development, a negative image, that is, an image portion is irradiated with laser light to charge the photosensitive material with the same charge polarity. The toner having the toner is used and a developing bias voltage is applied so that the toner is electrodeposited on the exposed portion. Details of the principle are described on page 157 et seq. After development, squeezing such as a rubber roller, a gap roller and a reverse roller or corona squeezing and air squeezing as shown on page 283 of the same document are performed to remove excess developer. It is also preferable to rinse only the carrier liquid of the developer before squeezing.

The above steps are repeated for magenta, cyan and black to form a color toner image on the photoconductor.

Next, the toner image is contact-transferred onto the primary receptor at the temperature (T ₁ ) on the electrophotographic photosensitive member on which the toner image is formed, by the method (i) or (ii).

The transfer layer of the present invention is mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin (A), is light-transmissive, and is transparent to at least a part of wavelength light in the spectral sensitivity region of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. It is not particularly limited as long as it has the following, and may be colored.

Therefore, the resin (A) as the main component constituting the transfer layer used in the present invention preferably has a glass transition point of 80.
It is a thermoplastic resin having a softening point of 90 ° C or lower, more preferably a glass transition point of 70 ° C or lower or a softening point of 80 ° C or lower.

The transfer layer of the present invention is subjected to a transfer condition of a temperature of 180 ° C. or lower and / or a pressure of 20 kgf / cm ² or lower, more preferably 160 ° C. or lower and / or a pressure of 10 kgf / cm ² or lower. It is preferably peelable. If the value is equal to or less than the above value, there is almost no need to increase the size of the transfer device in order to maintain the heat capacity and pressure of the transfer device in order to peel and transfer the transfer layer from the photoreceptor surface. It can be done without any practical problems. Although the lower limit is not particularly limited, it is usually a temperature equal to or higher than room temperature or 1
A resin that can be peeled off under a transfer condition of a pressure of 00 gf / cm ² or more is preferable.

As the resin (A), it is preferable to use at least two kinds of resins having different glass transition points or softening points in combination. Particularly, a resin (AH) having a glass transition point of 30 ° C to 80 ° C or a softening point of 35 ° C to 90 ° C and a glass transition point of 40 ° C
Preferably, the resin (AL) mainly has a softening point of 45 ° C. or lower and the difference between the glass transition point or the softening point of the resin (AH) and the resin (AL) is 2 ° C. or higher.

Further, the resin (AH) preferably has a glass transition point of 35 ° C. to 60 ° C. or a softening point of 35 ° C. to 80 ° C., and more preferably a glass transition point of 35 ° C. to 50 ° C. or a softening point of 38 ° C. to 70 ° C. C, and the resin (AL) preferably has a glass transition point of -50 ° C to + 30 ° C or a softening point of -30 ° C.
To + 40 ° C., more preferably a glass transition point of −20.
° C to + 28 ° C or a softening point of 0 ° C to 35 ° C.

More preferably, the glass transition point or softening point of the resin (AL) is lower than that of the resin (AH) by 5 ° C. or more. Here, the difference between the glass transition point or the softening point in the case where two or more kinds of the resin (AH) or the resin (AL) are contained is the difference between the resin (AH) having the lowest glass transition point or the softening point and the resin (AH). (AL) is the difference from the one having the highest glass transition point or softening point in (AL).

Resin (AH) and resin (A
L) is 5 to 90/95 to 1 (weight ratio).
It is preferably 0, particularly 10 to 70/90 to 30. When the ratio of the resin (AH) / (AL) is out of the above range, the effect of the combined use is reduced.

The resin (A) used for the transfer layer further contains a polymer component containing a substituent containing a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom, which has the effect of improving the releasability of the resin (A) itself. May be. As a result, the releasability from the electrophotographic photoreceptor surface is further improved, and as a result, the transferability is further improved. As the polymer component containing a substituent containing a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom, the polymer component (F) described for the photoreceptor is preferably used. Its content is preferably from 3 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably from 5 to 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of all polymer components of the resin (A).
5 parts by weight. The substituent containing a fluorine atom and / or a silicon atom may be incorporated into the polymer main chain of the polymer, or may be present as a substituent on the side chain of the polymer. More preferably, the polymer component (F) is contained as a block in the resin (A).

As described above, the resin (A) constituting the transfer layer
Is composed of two or more resins having different glass transition points or softening points, the fluorine- and / or silicon-atom-containing polymer component contains a resin having a high glass transition point (AH) and a resin having a low glass transition point (AH). AL). When the transfer layer has a laminated structure, it is preferable to use a fluorine atom and / or silicon atom-containing resin, particularly a fluorine atom and / or silicon atom containing block copolymer for the layer in contact with the photoreceptor. This makes it easier to separate the photoconductor surface from the transfer layer, thereby improving transferability.

Fluorine atom used in resin (A) and /
Alternatively, for the block copolymer containing a silicon atom and a method for synthesizing the same, the description of the block copolymer described in relation to the electrophotographic photosensitive member can be used.

Specific examples of the resin (A) that can be used in the transfer layer include thermoplastic resins, resins known as adhesives or pressure-sensitive adhesives, such as olefin polymers and copolymers, and vinyl chloride. Copolymers, vinylidene chloride copolymers, vinyl alkanoate polymers and copolymers, allyl alkanoate polymers and copolymers, polymers and copolymers of styrene and its derivatives, olefin-styrene copolymers, olefins -Unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymer, acrylonitrile copolymer, methacrylonitrile copolymer, alkyl vinyl ether copolymer, acrylic acid ester polymer and copolymer, methacrylic acid ester polymer and copolymer, styrene- Acrylic ester copolymer, styrene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, itaconic acid diester copolymer Body and copolymers, maleic anhydride copolymers, acrylamide copolymers, methacrylamide copolymers, hydroxy group-modified silicone resins, polycarbonate resins, ketone resins, polyester resins, silicone resins,
Amide resin, hydroxyl group and carboxyl group modified polyester resin, butyral resin, polyvinyl acetal resin,
Cyclic rubber-methacrylate copolymer, cyclized rubber-
Acrylic ester copolymers, heterocyclic-containing copolymers (for example, a heterocyclic ring such as a furan ring, tetrahydrofuran ring, thiophene ring, dioxane ring, dioxofuran ring, lactone ring, benzofuran ring, benzothiophene ring, 1,3- Dioxetane ring), cellulose resin,
Examples thereof include fatty acid-modified cellulose-based resins and epoxy resins.

[0074] For example, "Plastic Materials Course Series", Volumes 1 to 18 (1981), published by Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, "Polyvinyl chloride" edited by Kinki Chemical Association Vinyl Section, published by Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (1988), Hide Omori Three "Functional Acrylic Resins" Techno System Co., Ltd. (1985), Eiichiro Takiyama "Polyester Resin Handbook" Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (1988), Kazuo Yuki "Saturated Polyester Resin Handbook" Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun ( 1989), “Polymer Data Handbook (Applied)” edited by The Polymer Society of Japan, Chapter 1 Baifukan (1986), Yuji Harasaki “Latest Binder Technology Manual” Chapter 2 General Technology Center Co., Ltd. (1985), Tadashi Okuda "Polymer Processing, Separate Volume 8"
20 volume special issue "Adhesion" Polymer Publishing Association (1976), Keiji Fukuzawa "Adhesion Technology" Polymer Publishing Association (1987), Mamoru Nishiguchi "Adhesion Handbook 14th Edition" Polymer Publishing Association (1985), Various resins described in "Adhesion Handbook Second Edition", edited by The Adhesion Society of Japan, published by Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (1980) and the like.

The transfer layer of the present invention may contain two or more kinds of the resin (A). Further, other resins and additives may be included in order to adjust various physical properties such as adhesiveness, film formability, and film strength.

The transfer layer may contain other compounds in order to control various physical properties such as adhesiveness, film forming property and film strength. For example, rosin, petroleum resin,
Polybutene and D as plasticizers and softeners that improve the wettability of the photoreceptor and lower the melt viscosity, such as silicone oil
OP, DBP, low molecular weight styrene resin, low molecular weight polyethylene wax, microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, etc., and high molecular weight hindered polyphenols, triazine derivatives and the like as antioxidants can be added. For more information, see "Hot Melt Bonding Practice"
Polymer Publishing Association, published in 1983), pp. 29-107.

The total thickness of the transfer layer is 0.1 to 10 μm.
m is appropriate, and preferably 0.3 to 5 μm. If the film thickness is too large, inconvenience may occur in the electrophotographic process, and a sufficient image density may not be obtained or the image quality may be deteriorated.

In the method (i), the transfer layer is formed on the photoreceptor in the electrophotographic apparatus each time. As a result, the electrophotographic photosensitive member can be repeatedly used in the electrophotographic apparatus, and the electrophotographic process can be continuously performed without disposing the photosensitive member. As a result, there is an advantage that the cost of a copy produced can be significantly reduced. In order to form a transfer layer on the surface of a photoreceptor in an electrophotographic apparatus, a hot melt coating method, an electrodeposition coating method or a transfer method is effective. Specific embodiments of these transfer methods can be performed in the same manner as the contents described in International Publication W093 / 00179.

In particular, in the electrodeposition coating method, the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin (A) is electrodeposited or attached (hereinafter also simply referred to as electrodeposition) on the surface of the object to be coated in the form of resin particles, for example, heating or the like. To form a uniform thin film as a transfer layer. The formed transfer layer is a preferable method because a thin uniform film is formed and the apparatus can be simplified and downsized. The thermoplastic resin particles (hereinafter sometimes referred to as resin particles (AR)) need to have either a positive charge or a negative charge, and their electric detecting properties are to be combined with the object to be coated. Arbitrarily determined by the chargeability of the toner.

The resin particles (AR) are within the range satisfying the above-mentioned physical properties, and the average particle diameter thereof is usually 0.01.
μm to 15 μm, preferably 0.05 μm
To 5 μm, more preferably 0.1 μm to 1 μm. The particles are either powdered particles (dry type) or resin particles dispersed in a non-aqueous system (wet type), or resin particles dispersed in an electrically insulating organic substance which is solid at room temperature and becomes liquid by heating (pseudo-wet type). It may be in a state. More preferably, non-aqueous dispersion resin particles that can easily adjust the thickness of the transfer layer to be uniform and thin can be used.

Particularly, at least two kinds of resins having different glass transition points (preferably the above-mentioned resins having a high glass transition point (A
H) and the above-mentioned resin having a low glass transition point (AL)} in the same particle (hereinafter sometimes referred to as resin particle (ARW)). In the present invention, the resin (AH) and the resin (AL) whose glass transition point or softening point belongs to the above range are arbitrarily selected, and the resin particles (AR
W). This improves the transferability, increases the durability of the transfer layer, and improves the strength of the copied image.

In the resin (ARW), the resin (AH) / resin (AL) is 10/90 to 95/5 (weight ratio), particularly 30.
/ 70 to 90/10 (weight ratio). When the ratio of the resin (AH) is 10% by weight or more, the storage stability of the copy such that the transfer layer does not peel off (good filing) even when the color copy is put on various sheets and piled up for filing. The properties are further improved, which is preferable. When the content of the resin (AL) is 5% by weight or more, the transferability of the transfer layer is more favorably exhibited.

At least two kinds of resin (AH) and resin (AL) contained in the resin particles (ARW) are in a state of being arbitrarily mixed in the particles, or the resin (AH) main part and the resin (AL) are mixed. It may be in a state of forming a layered structure separated from the main part (that is, particles having a core / shell structure). In the case of a core / shell structure, the core part is a resin (AH). Even if it is resin (AL),
There is no particular limitation. Such resin particles (AR
Specific embodiments of W) are described in PCT Application No. JP94 / 005.
07.

On the other hand, in the method (ii) in which the transfer layer mainly containing the resin (A) is formed on the primary receptor and the toner image on the electrophotographic photosensitive member is contact-transferred thereon, the above method (i) ).

Next, the toner image is transferred onto the primary receptor through the transfer layer by contact transfer under heat / pressure (first transfer),
Further, contact transfer is similarly performed on the final transfer material (second transfer). According to the present invention, the surface temperature (T ₁ ) during the first transfer and the second temperature
The temperature is different from the surface temperature (T ₂ ) at the time of transfer, and the second transfer temperature (T ₂ ) is set higher than the first transfer temperature (T ₁ ). Preferably, the temperature difference is from 10C to 80C, more preferably from 20C to 60C. First transfer surface temperature (T
₁ ) is preferably 35 ° C to 70 ° C, more preferably 40 ° C to 70 ° C.
C. to 65 ° C., and the second transfer surface temperature (T ₂ )
Preferably 45 ° C to 120 ° C, more preferably 50 ° C to
It is in the range of 95 ° C.

The surface of the intermediate transfer member used in the present invention retains tackiness, and the tackiness determined by the above-mentioned method is 3 gram force or more at temperature (T ₁ ) and temperature (T ₂ ). Has a characteristic of being 40 gram · force or less.

The primary receptor of the present invention is a pressure-sensitive adhesive or a cured film of an adhesive, the surface of which is tacky, has adhesiveness on the low temperature side and has releasability on the high temperature side, and satisfies the above-mentioned physical properties. Any one may be used. In particular,
A film cured using a material called a removable pressure-sensitive adhesive or a removable pressure-sensitive adhesive mainly containing an acrylic acid ester copolymer, a methacrylic acid ester copolymer or a vinyl ether copolymer as a main component, respectively. No. Preferably, JP-A-52-91041 and JP-A-58-104974 are preferred.
No. 58-14127, etc., containing a (meth) acrylate-based resin as a main component (adhesive composition),
JP-A-4-36368 discloses a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing a silyl group-modified polyether as a main component.

The adhesive resin layer of the present invention is a cured film,
Cured by light and / or heat treatment. The curing method may be any of conventionally known methods, and specific examples include the same methods as described in the overcoat layer. The thickness of the adhesive resin layer is preferably 0.05 μm to 1 mm,
More preferably, it is 0.1 to 100 μm.

By using the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer having the above-mentioned structure, the toner image can be completely transferred quickly and the repeating durability can be sufficiently maintained without increasing the heating temperature at the time of thermal transfer.

Further, the primary receptor of the present invention preferably has an elastic layer having a film thickness equal to or larger than the thickness of the toner image formed below the adhesive resin layer. The thickness of the elastic layer provided is preferably 0.01 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.05 to 5 mm. With this, the pressure applied to the toner image layer during pressure contact transfer under heating is relieved by the elastic layer (cushion effect). The transfer can be faithfully performed without occurrence.

The elastic layer may be an elastic layer made of the following resin exhibiting elasticity or a structure including the elastic layer and the reinforcing layer support. Examples of the elastic body include conventionally known natural resins and synthetic resins. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more to form a single layer or a plurality of layers. For example, AD Roberts' Natural Rubber Scie
nce and Technology "Oxford Science Publications
(1988), W. Hofmann "Rubber Technology Handbo
Various resins described in "ok", Hanser Publishers (1989), Plastic Material Structure, 18 volumes, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, etc. are used.

Specifically, styrene-butadiene rubber,
Butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber,
Cyclized rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, butyl rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber,
Silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, polysulfide rubber, natural rubber,
Examples include isoprene rubber and urethane rubber, but are not limited thereto, and may be arbitrarily selected in consideration of the releasability from the transfer layer, durability, and the like. As the reinforcing layer of the elastic layer, cloth, glass fiber, resin-impregnated special paper, aluminum, stainless steel, or the like is used. A sponge-like rubber layer may be provided between the elastic layer and the reinforcing layer.

As described above, the transfer temperatures of the first transfer and the second transfer are made different and the adhesive force of the intermediate transfer member is adjusted, whereby the photosensitive member is transferred to the intermediate transfer member and further transferred from the intermediate transfer member. Complete transfer of the toner image to the material is achieved.

Known methods and apparatuses can be used for this thermal transfer. For example, the toner image having a toner image is brought into close contact with the primary receptor, and the toner image is transferred onto the primary receptor through the transfer layer by passing it between rollers while heating. Similarly, the toner image is transferred to the material to be transferred by bringing the intermediate transfer member and the material to be transferred into close contact with each other and passing them between rollers under heating.

For heating to each heating surface temperature as described above in the first transfer and the second transfer, a conventionally known method is used. For example, a heating means as described in the drying process after the development is used. It can be selected appropriately.

The roller nip pressure is preferably 0.2.
-20 kgf / cm ² , more preferably 0.5-15 kgf / cm ² . As the roller pressing means, an air cylinder using a spring or compressed air at both ends of the roller shaft can be used. The transport speed is preferably 0.1 to
It is 300 mm / sec, more preferably 1 to 250 mm / sec. The transport speed may be different between the electrophotographic process and the thermal transfer step, and may be different between the first transfer and the second transfer.

Any primary receptor satisfying the above conditions may be used. In the present invention, examples of the method used for transferring the toner image from the photoreceptor to the primary receptor include a drum method and an endless belt method that can be repeatedly used.

In the drum system, an elastic layer and an adhesive resin layer may be sequentially formed on the drum, and any one may be used as long as the above conditions are satisfied. Also in the endless belt system, known members can be used, for example,
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,893,761 and 4,684,238
No. 4,690,539 and the like. A method in which a layer serving as a heating medium is provided in a layer of a belt carrier of a belt-type intermediate transfer member, for example, as described in JP-A-4-503265.

Then, in the present invention, the toner image on the primary receptor is thermally transferred together with the transfer layer to the final transfer material.

The material to be transferred used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and conventionally known reflection type or transmission type materials are used. For example, paper such as high-quality paper, coated paper, art paper, and synthetic paper, metal such as aluminum, iron, and stainless steel, plastic film such as polyester, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, and polyacetate can be used alone or in combination. In order to enhance the adhesion with the transfer layer, the transfer material may be subjected to a surface treatment or an undercoat layer, if necessary.

Specific embodiments of the electrophotographic color image forming method of the present invention and the apparatus used therefor will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 each show an example of an apparatus that can be used in carrying out the method of the present invention. In each drawing, for convenience of explanation, FIG. 1 shows an electrodeposition coating method (13a) as a transfer layer forming means on the photoconductor.
2 is a hot melt coating method (13b) and FIG. 3 is a transfer method (13b).
c) is described respectively, and as a primary receptor, FIG. 1 uses a drum system and FIG. 2 uses an endless belt system, and FIG. 3 uses a drum system as a primary receptor to backup the second transfer. Although the case of using the impression cylinder drum method is described respectively,
These can be used in various combinations as appropriate. When the transfer layer is provided on the primary receptor,
A transfer layer forming device 13 on the primary receptor can be provided instead. The transfer layer forming device 13 is shown in FIGS.
Transfer layer forming means 13 on the photoconductor described in
A device similar to a, 13b, and 13c can be appropriately adopted. In addition, the compound (S) application apparatus 10 and the cooling unit 21 for the photoreceptor shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can be omitted as necessary.

On the liquid developing unit set 14, the electrophotographic photoreceptor 11, the primary receptor 20, and the transfer material 30 are arranged. As shown in FIG. 1, a drum, a backup roller 31 for transfer and a backup roller 32 for peeling
It is preferable that a temperature adjusting means 17 is provided in each of them. When the toner image is formed by the electrophotographic process, the primary receptor 20 is placed on the photoreceptor 1 as shown in FIG.
One drum away.

As described above, when the electrophotographic photosensitive member 11 having a peelable surface in advance is used, a toner image is formed on the photosensitive member 11 by the electrophotographic process as it is. When the releasability of the surface of the photoconductor 11 is insufficient, the desired releasability can be imparted to the surface of the photoconductor 11 by applying the compound (S) before forming the toner image. That is, the compound (S) is supplied to the surface of the photoconductor 11 by the compound (S) applying means 10 using the above-described embodiment. The compound (S) applying means 10 may be either a fixed type or a movable type.

The liquid developing unit set 14 is movable. The unit set 14 includes liquid developing units 14Y, 14M, 14C and 14B containing liquid developers of yellow, magenta, cyan and black, respectively. Further, if necessary, a pre-bath, rinsing, and squeezing means may be provided in order to prevent the non-image portion from being stained. It is generally preferable to use a carrier liquid of a liquid developer for the prebath and the rinsing liquid.

FIG. 1 shows an outline of the entire method and apparatus of the present invention when the electrodeposition coating method is used for forming the transfer layer and the drum system is used as the primary receptor. An electrodeposition unit 13a is provided in the liquid developing unit set 14 as a transfer layer forming means. Further, although not shown, a rinsing unit is provided. The thermoplastic resin particles (AR) forming the transfer layer are charged to form a thermoplastic resin particle dispersion liquid, which is put into the electrodeposition unit 13a, and the liquid developing unit set 14 is brought close to the photoconductor 11 so as to be charged with electricity. The fixing unit 13a is fixed so that the distance to the developing electrode is 1 mm. The particle dispersion is supplied from the electrodeposition unit 13a between the gaps and rotated while applying a voltage from the outside, so that the particles are adsorbed on the entire surface of the photoconductor 11. If necessary, the liquid dispersion liquid is removed by a squeezing means incorporated in the developing unit set to remove the particle dispersion adhered to the surface of the photoreceptor 11, and then the transfer layer formed by heating and melting the resin particles by a heating means is removed. Form. Thereafter, the photoconductor 11 is cooled to a predetermined temperature from the outside of the photoconductor 11 or from the inside of the drum of the photoconductor 11 by a cooling device similar to the air intake / exhaust unit as necessary. The liquid developing unit set 14 is moved to the standby position, and the transfer layer forming step is completed.

At this time, for exhausting the dispersion solvent of the dispersion liquid, the intake / exhaust unit 15 provided for the electrophotographic process of the electrophotographic photosensitive member can be used. It is preferable to use an ordinary carrier of a liquid developer for the rinsing liquid. The electrodeposition unit 13a may be provided in the liquid developing unit set 14 as shown in FIG. 1, or may be provided separately from the developing unit set.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an apparatus in which a thermal fusion coating method is used as a transfer layer forming method and an endless belt method is used as a primary receptor. The thermoplastic resin is applied to the surface of the photoconductor 11 on the peripheral surface of the drum by the hot melt coater 13b, and is cooled to a predetermined temperature by passing under the intake / exhaust unit 15. Hot melt coater 13
After b has moved to the standby position, the liquid developing unit set 14 is moved to that position and the next electrophotographic process starts. Subsequent steps are substantially the same as those described with reference to FIG.

As a device for easily forming a transfer layer on a photoconductor by a transfer method using a release paper, for example, there is a transfer layer forming device 13c shown in the schematic view of FIG. That is,
The release paper 40 provided with the transfer layer 12 is heated and pressed by the heating roller 41 to transfer the transfer layer 12 to the surface of the photoconductor 11. The release paper 40 is cooled by the cooling roller 41 and collected. If necessary, the photoconductor 11 itself can be
The transfer property of the transfer layer 12 by heating and pressing may be improved by heating at 7.

The transfer layer forming device 13c transfers the transfer layer 12 onto the photoconductor 11 with the release paper 40, and then transfers the transfer target material 3
It is replaced by the transfer means 130 to 0. in this way,
Both the means 13c for transferring the transfer layer 12 onto the photoreceptor 11 by the release paper 40 and the means 130 for transferring the transfer layer 12 together with the toner image onto the transfer material 30 may be incorporated in the apparatus. Alternatively, after the transfer layer 12 is transferred from the release paper 40 onto the photoconductor 11 by the transfer layer forming device 13c, the toner image and the transfer layer 12 are transferred by supplying the transfer target material 30 in place of the release paper using the same means. It may be transferred to the transfer material 30.

When the transfer layer is formed on the primary receptor 20 by applying the method (ii), the same method as any one of the above-mentioned electrodeposition coating method, hot melt coating method and transfer method can be used. The transfer layer forming unit 13 can form a transfer layer on the primary receptor each time.

Next, the transfer of the toner image onto the primary receptor will be described with reference to FIG. When the photoreceptor 11 on which the toner image is formed and the primary receptor 20 drum are brought into contact with each other through the transfer layer and heated and pressed, the toner image is transferred from the photoreceptor 11 onto the primary receptor 20 or onto the primary receptor 20 together with the transfer layer. Transfer to the upper transfer layer. That is, after the transfer layer is formed, the heating means 1 for thermal transfer of the photosensitive drum 1
6 and / or 17 is used to set the temperature (T ₁ ) by predetermined preheating, and if necessary, the primary receptor is also used for heating means 1.
Predetermined preheating is performed by 6 and / or 17, and the toner image is thermally transferred by being pressed against the primary receptor 20 via the transfer layer. As the heating means 16, a non-contact type, for example, an infrared line heater or a flash heater can be used.

Next, the toner image transferred onto the primary receptor is pressed against the final transfer material 30 together with the transfer layer to perform thermal transfer. Preheating is carried out by the heating means 16 and / or 17 of the primary receptor 20 to a predetermined temperature (T ₂ ).
The transfer material 30 is preheated by the transfer backup roller 31. Further, the transfer material 30 is pressed against the primary receptor 20 drum by the transfer and peeling backup rollers 31 and 32, the transfer layer and the toner image are transferred onto the transfer material 30, and then cooled by the peeling backup roller 32. Meanwhile, the toner image is peeled and transferred together with the transfer layer on the transfer material 30, and a series of steps is completed.

When the endless belt system is applied as the primary receptor as shown in FIG. 2 and when the impression cylinder drum system is adopted as the backup system as shown in FIG. 3, the same operation as the drum system is performed. Thermal transfer can be performed on the transfer target material 30 depending on the method and conditions. If the backup method shown in FIG. 3 is used, it is possible to convey the transfer target material on a plane.

1 to 3, a cooling device 2 for rapidly adjusting the temperature adjustment from the temperature (T ₂ ) to the temperature (T ₁ ).
1 may be provided on the primary receptor.

[0115]

[Production Example of Transfer Layer Resin Particles]

Production Example 1 of Resin Particles (AR) 1: (AR-1) 10 g of a dispersion stabilizing resin (Q-1) having the following structure, 70 g of vinyl acetate, 30 g of vinyl propionate, and Isopar H
384 g of the mixed solution was stirred at a temperature of 70 while stirring under a nitrogen stream.
Warmed to ° C. 2,2'-azobis (isovaleronitrile) (abbreviation AIVN 0.8 g) was added as a polymerization initiator.
Reacted for hours. Twenty minutes after addition of the initiator, cloudiness occurred and the reaction temperature rose to 88 ° C. Furthermore, the initiator 0.
After adding 5 g and reacting for 2 hours, the temperature was raised to 100 ° C., and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours to remove unreacted vinyl acetate. After cooling 2
After passing through a nylon cloth of 00 mesh, the obtained white dispersion was a latex having a degree of polymerization of 90% and an average particle diameter of 0.23 μm and having good monodispersibility. The particle size was measured by CAPA-500 (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) (the same applies hereinafter). A part of the white dispersion was centrifuged (rotation speed 1 × 10 ⁴ rpm, rotation time 60 minutes), and the sedimented resin particles were collected and dried. The weight average molecular weight (Mw: GPC value in terms of polystyrene; the same applies hereinafter) of the resin particles was 8 × 10 ⁴ , and the glass transition point (Tg) was 28 ° C.

[0116]

Embedded image

Production Example 2 of Resin Particles (AR): (AR-
2) A mixed solution of 20 g of a dispersion stabilizing resin (Q-2) having the following structure and 382 g of Isopar G was heated to a temperature of 60 ° C while stirring under a nitrogen stream. To this, a mixture of 30 g of methyl methacrylate, 70 g of ethyl acrylate, 0.6 g of methyl 3-mercaptopropionate, 1.0 g of AIVN and 400 g of Isopar G was added dropwise for 1 hour, and the mixture was further reacted for 1 hour. AIVN 0.8
g and reacted for 2 hours, then 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) was added and heated to a temperature of 80 ° C for 2 hours, and 0.5 g of AIBN was further added and reacted for 2 hours. It was Next, the temperature is raised to 100 ° C., and the degree of vacuum is 10
After the unreacted monomer was distilled off under 20 mmHg, the mixture was cooled and
The white dispersion obtained through a 0-mesh nylon cloth was a latex having a polymerization rate of 98% and an average particle size of 0.17 μm and good monodispersibility. Mw of resin particles is 8 × 10 ⁴ , T
g was 15 ° C.

[0118]

Embedded image

Production Example 3 of Resin Particles (AR): (AR-
3) 10 g of dispersion stabilizing resin (Q-3) having the following structure, macromonomer (M-1) (macromonomer FM-0725 of dimethylsiloxane, manufactured by Chisso Corporation, Mw: 1 × 10 ⁴ )
A mixed solution of 10 g and 533 g of Isopar H was heated to a temperature of 50 ° C. while stirring under a nitrogen stream. To this, 50 g of methyl methacrylate, 50 g of methyl acrylate,
1.3 g of methyl 3-mercaptopropionate, 2,2 '
A mixture of 1.0 g of azobis (2-cyclopropylpropionitrile (abbreviation ACPP) and 400 g of Isopar H was added dropwise for 30 minutes, and the reaction was continued for another 1.5 hours. ,
Next, 0.8 g of AIVN was added, the temperature was set to 80 ° C., and the reaction was carried out for 2 hours. Further, 0.5 g of ACPP was added and the reaction was carried out for 2 hours. After cooling, a white dispersion obtained by passing through a 200-mesh nylon cloth was obtained with a conversion of 99% and an average particle size of 0.19.
This was a latex having good μm monodispersibility. The Mw of the resin particles was 3 × 10 ⁴ and the Tg was 35 ° C.

[0120]

Embedded image

Production Examples 4-14 of Resin Particles (AR): (A
R-4) to (AR-14) In Production Example 2 of the resin particles (AR), the following Table-A was used instead of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate.
Each resin particle (AR) was synthesized in the same manner as in Production Example 2 except that each of the monomers was used. Each white dispersion is
Polymerization rate 90-99%, average particle size 0.13-0.20 μm
Was a latex having good monodispersibility.

[0122]

[Table 1]

Production Examples 15-19 of Resin Particles (AR):
(AR-15) to (AR-19) In Production Example 3 of resin particles (AR), instead of 10 g of the macromonomer (M-1), each macromonomer shown in Table B below (Mw is 8 × 10 ^3). Each resin particle was synthesized in the same manner as in Production Example 3, except that the resin particles were used in the range of 1 × 10 ⁴ ). The polymerization rate of each particle was 98 to 99%, the average particle size of the particles was in the range of 0.15 to 0.25 μm, the particle size distribution was narrow, and the monodispersity was good. Mw of the resin particles is in the range of 2 × 10 ^{4 to} 3.5 × 10 ⁴ , and Tg is 30 ° C. to 3
It was in the range of 5 ° C.

[0124]

[Table 2]

Synthesis Example of Resin Particles (ARW) 1: (ARW)
-1) 12 g of the following dispersion stabilizing resin (Q-4), vinyl acetate 7
A mixture of 0 g, vinyl oxalate 30 g and Isopar H 388 g was heated to a temperature of 80 ° C. while stirring under a nitrogen stream. To this, 1.5 g of AIBN was added as an initiator and reacted for 2 hours, and 0.8 g of AIBN was further added twice every 2 hours to carry out the reaction. After cooling, the white dispersion obtained through a 200-mesh nylon cloth was a latex having a degree of polymerization of 93% and an average particle diameter of 0.18 μm and having good monodispersity.
A part of the white dispersion is centrifuged (rotation speed 1 × 10
⁽⁴ rpm, rotation time 60 minutes), the sedimented resin particles were collected and dried, and the Mw and Tg of the resin particles were measured. The Mw was 8 × 10 ⁴ and the Tg was 18 ° C.
The resin particles obtained here are designated as (ARL-1).

This resin particle dispersion (that is, seed particles)
And a mixed solution of 10 g of a dispersion stabilizing resin (Q-5) having the following structure was heated to a temperature of 60 ° C while stirring under a nitrogen stream.
To this, methyl methacrylate (60 g), methyl acrylate (40 g), methyl 3-mercaptopropionate 2.0
g, AIVN 0.8 g and Isopar G 400 g were added dropwise over 2 hours, and the mixture was further reacted for 2 hours. Next, 0.8 g of an initiator was added, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C., and the mixture was reacted for 2 hours. Further, 0.6 g of an initiator was added and reacted for 3 hours. After cooling, the mixture was passed through a 200-mesh nylon cloth, and the resulting white dispersion was a latex having a degree of polymerization of 98% and an average particle size of 0.25 μm and having good monodispersity.

[0127]

Embedded image

Next, whether or not the obtained resin particles were formed as individual particles was examined by observing the state of the particles using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A film prepared by dispersing resin particles on a PET film was heated at a temperature of 20 ° C. and 50 ° C. for 5 minutes, and each sample was subjected to JEOL JSL-T330 Scan.
When observed at 20,000 times using a ning Microscope, the sample at a temperature of 20 ° C. was observed to be in a particulate state, but at 50 ° C.
No particles were observed. That is, the particles were melted by heating. Similarly, the above resin particles (ARL-1) (Tg of 18 ° C.) and the following resin particles (A) composed of each of the two resins (copolymers) constituting the particles of the present invention.
RL-2) (Tg 45 ° C.) and dispersed resin particles obtained by mixing these two kinds of resin particles at a 1/1 weight ratio.

Production of Resin Particles (ARL-2) 18 g of the dispersion stabilizing resin (Q-5) and Isopar H
553 g of the mixed solution was stirred at a temperature of 5
Warmed to 5 ° C. 50 g of methyl methacrylate,
40 g of methyl acrylate, 2.0 g of methyl 3-mercaptopropionate, 1.0 g of ACPP and Isopar G
400 g of the mixture was added dropwise over 30 minutes, and the mixture was reacted for 1.5 hours. Further, 0.8 g of ACPP was added and reacted for 2 hours. Then, 0.8 g of initiator AIVN was added and the temperature was set to 80 ° C., and the reaction was carried out for 2 hours and further 0.5 g of ACPP was added for 2 hours. After cooling, the white dispersion obtained through a 200-mesh nylon cloth is 99% polymerized.
Was a latex having an average particle size of 0.15 μm and good monodispersibility. Further, the Mw of the resin particles is 1.5 × 10 ⁴ , T
g was 45 ° C.

The sample consisting of the resin particles (ARL-1) had a temperature of 20 although the sample not heated was in a particle state.
At a temperature of 50 ° C., the particles disappeared at a temperature of 50 ° C. Further, when a sample composed of mixed particles was examined for a sample not heated and a sample at a temperature of 20 ° C., it was confirmed that the particles at a temperature of 20 ° C. were invisible in comparison with an unheated sample.

As a result of visual observation of the thermal behavior of the particles as described above, the resin particles produced as described above are not a mixture of two kinds of resin particles, but two kinds of particles in one particle. It was confirmed that a resin was contained, and in this case, the high Tg resin was the core / shell particles in which the low Tg resin was distributed in the inner layer and the low Tg resin was distributed in the inner layer.

Synthesis Examples 2-8 of Resin Particles (ARW): (A
RW-2) to (ARW-8) Resin particles obtained by operating in exactly the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that the monomers shown in Table-C below were used in Synthesis Example 1 of resin particles (ARW). (ARW-2) to (ARW-8) were produced. The polymerization rate of each obtained latex particle is 95 to 99.
%, The average particle size was in the range of 0.20 to 0.30 μm, and the monodispersity was good.

[0133]

[Table 3]

Synthesis Example 9 of Resin Particles (ARW): (ARW
-9) As the resin (A), a vinyl acetate / ethylene (46/54 weight ratio) copolymer (Evaflex 45) at Tg-25 ° C
X: manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Chemical Co., Ltd., Tg 38 ° C.
And polyvinyl acetate at a ratio of 1/1 weight ratio and melt-kneaded at 120 ° C. in a three-roll mill. The kneaded material is roughly pulverized by a tribender of a pulverizer.
g, dispersion stabilizing resin (Sorprene 1205 Asahi Kasei Corporation)
(Manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.) and 4 g of Isopar H and 51 g of Isopar H were placed in a paint shaker (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.) having a glass bead with a diameter of about 4 mm as a media and preliminarily dispersed for 20 minutes. The predispersion was wet-dispersed at 4500 rpm for 6 hours using a Dynomill KDL type (Shinmaru Enterprises Co., Ltd.) using glass beads having a diameter of 0.75 to 1 mm as a media. A white dispersion obtained by passing these through a 200 mesh nylon cloth was a latex having an average particle size of 0.4 μm.

Synthesis Examples 10 to 14 of Resin Particles (ARW):
(ARW-10) to (ARW-14) Synthesis Example 9 except that each of the compounds in Table-D below was used in place of the two resins (A) used in Synthesis Example 9 of the resin particles (ARW). A dispersion was prepared by the same wet dispersion method. The obtained white dispersion has an average particle size of 0.3 to 0.6 μ.
m.

[0136]

[Table 4]

Example 1 X-type metal-free phthalocyanine (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) 2
g, 14.4 g of the binder resin (B-1) having the following structure, 3.6 g of the resin resin (B-2) having the following structure, 0.15 g of the compound (A) having the following structure, and 80 g of tetrahydrofuran were mixed with 500 ml of glass. Put it in a container with glass beads,
After dispersing with a paint shaker (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho) for 60 minutes, the glass beads were filtered to obtain a photosensitive layer dispersion liquid.

[0138]

Embedded image

Next, this dispersion was subjected to desorption treatment to 0.2 mm.
It was applied on a thick aluminum plate with a wire bar, dried by touch, and heated in a circulating oven at 110 ° C. for 20 seconds. The thickness of the obtained photoreceptor was 8 μm.

A releasable surface layer having the following contents was provided on this photoreceptor. [Formation of peelable surface layer] Silicon resin 10 having the following structure
g, a cross-linking agent having the following structure: 1 g, a cross-linking control agent having the following structure:
2 g and 0.1 g of platinum for crosslinking catalyst were added to n-hexane 100
g was applied using a wire round rod to a thickness of 1.5 μm, and after drying to the touch, one more
Heated at 20 ° C. for 10 minutes. The resulting surface has an adhesion of 1
g · f or less.

[0141]

[Chemical 6]

The electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 obtained by the above-mentioned method was applied to the apparatus shown in FIG.
1 and the following primary receptor 20 was mounted. [Primary receptor] Blanket 96 for offset printing
Acrylic ester-based removable adhesive: Cybinol MS-102 (manufactured by Seiden Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a film thickness of 5 μm on the surface of 00-A (overall thickness 1.6 mm, made of Meiji Rubber).
After drying by touch, the coating was further heated at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to form a cured film. When the adhesive strength was measured using a PET film by the "adhesive tape / adhesive sheet test method" of JIS Z 0237-1980 on the surface of the adhesive cured film, the value was 5 g at a temperature of 50 ° C. 1.
It was 8 g · f. The blanket prepared in this way was pasted on a hollow drum having a temperature controller incorporated therein.

First, the surface temperature of the photoconductor was adjusted to 50 ° C., and then a toner image was formed on the photoconductor by an electrophotographic process. That is, the photoconductor 11 is placed in the dark in the corona charging device 18
After passing underneath and charging the corona to + 450V,
Read the original in advance with a color scanner,
After separating the colors and applying some corrections related to the color reproduction unique to the system, about the yellow among the yellow, magenta, cyan, and black colors that were stored in the hard disk in the system as digital image data. Based on the information, a semiconductor laser drawing device is used as the photosensitive device 19 and the beam spot diameter is 15 with light of 788 nm.
μm, pitch 10 μm, scan speed 300 cm /
It was exposed at a speed of 2 seconds (that is, 2500 dpi) so that the exposure amount on the photoreceptor at this time was 25 erg / cm ² .

Subsequently, the positively charged yellow toner for the signature system (manufactured by Kodak) is increased 75 times to ISOPAR H.
(Manufactured by Esso Standard Petroleum) and supplied to the yellow liquid developing unit 14Y. A bias voltage of +350 V is applied to the developing unit 14Y, and reversal development is performed so that toner is electrodeposited on the exposed portion. After rinsing the H-only bath to remove stains on the non-image area, the film was dried by passing it under the suction / exhaust unit 15 and the preheating means 17a. The above toner developing process was repeated for each of the colors magenta, cyan, and black to obtain four color toner images.

By the electrodeposition coating method, the dispersion liquid (L-1) of the resin (A) having the following content was used on the entire surface of the photosensitive member on which the toner image was formed in this manner, with the surface temperature of the photosensitive member at 50 ° C. A transfer layer was formed. Dispersion (L-1) of resin (A) Resin particles (ARW-1) 20 g (as solid content) Charge adjusting compound (D-1) 0.08 g octadecyl vinyl ether / t-octyl maleic acid half amide (1/1) (1 mol ratio) Copolymer Charge adjusting auxiliary (AD-1) 2 g Dodecyl methacrylate / methacrylic acid (95/5 weight ratio) copolymer was adjusted with Isopar G so that the total amount was 1 liter.

Next, the photoreceptor 11 drum whose surface temperature was kept at 50 ° C. and the primary receptor 2 whose surface temperature was 50 ° C.
When the drum 0 was brought into contact and heated and pressed under the conditions of a nip pressure of 4 kgf / cm ² and a drum peripheral speed of 150 mm / sec, the entire toner image was transferred onto the primary receptor together with the transfer layer.

Subsequently, as the transfer material 30, the primary receptor 20 drum with the surface temperature of 50 ° C., the transfer backup roller 31 set at 120 ° C. and the peeling backup roller 32 set at 25 ° C. Guide the coated paper, nip pressure 6kgf / cm ² , drum speed 15
When heating and pressing were performed at 0 mm / sec, the toner image was completely transferred onto the coated paper together with the transfer layer.

The copied image thus formed on the coated paper was visually observed using a 200 × optical microscope.
No background image dirt was observed in the non-image area, the entire toner image was transferred onto the coated paper, and no loss of high-resolution areas such as fine lines and fine characters was observed in the image area. 2
９９99%, fine lines of 10 μm and Mincho class 2 or higher were resolved, and the image was extremely good as a copied image in which no deformation such as bending or thickening of the image was observed. No transfer residue of the toner image was observed on the surface of the photoreceptor.

Comparative Example 1 A color image was formed on coated paper in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the toner image was transferred on the coated paper without providing a transfer layer, and the result was compared with the present invention. In the obtained color image on the coated paper, a part where the toner image was missing or the image density was uneven was found. In addition, the thin line, thin character, etc.
Upon visual observation with a 0-fold magnifying glass, a fine lack of image was recognized. Further, when the surface of the photoconductor was observed, residual toner image was observed. This means that when the photoconductor is repeatedly used, it is necessary to clean the surface of the photoconductor in order to remove the residual toner, and setting of an apparatus for that purpose or damage to the surface of the photoconductor due to the cleaning becomes a problem. .

Comparative Examples 2 to 4 As the primary receptor, instead of the adhesive surface layer of the present invention, the adhesives shown in the following Table-E were used and 5 μm was used in the same manner as in the present invention.
The transferability was examined in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an intermediate transfer member provided with a cured adhesive surface resin layer having a thickness of m was used.

[0151]

[Table 5]

In Comparative Examples 2 and 4, both the toner image and the transfer layer were completely transferred onto the coated paper, but thin lines and thin characters on the coated paper were visually observed with a 200 × optical microscope.
Deformation and thickening were observed. Comparative Example 3
Then, the first transfer was no problem, but the second transfer onto the coated paper
In the transfer, the image portion that was not completely transferred and the transferred image portion was missing, deformed, and thickened with thin lines and thin characters (the transfer rate was determined with respect to the entire toner image surface, etc.). It represents the ratio of the image surface and was calculated by observation with a 200 × optical microscope.)

As described above, in the present invention, the toner image is sufficiently peeled from the photoreceptor, the above problems do not occur, and the toner image is sufficiently adhered to the transfer layer to obtain a color image. The stability of the copy is also excellent. In addition, there was no problem in that the writing property of the copy by a pencil or a ballpoint pen, the sealability, and the filing property of a film file such as a vinyl chloride sheet were almost the same as those of plain paper, and did not cause any problem.

Further, as the material to be transferred, instead of coated paper, plain paper, high-quality paper, copy paper for PPC, recycled paper, PE
When a color image was formed in the same manner using the T film, the performance was equivalent to that of Example 1 in all cases. As described above, even when a transfer material having a different surface smoothness and a different composition was used, a stable and good color copy was easily obtained in each case. On the other hand, the full-color image copy of the present invention was repeatedly produced, and its durability was examined. As a result, even if the photoreceptor was prepared in 300 plates, the same performance as that of the first plate was obtained.
In addition, the primary receptor did not cause any change in transcription even after repeated transcription for 10,000 times or more.

Example 2 An amorphous silicon photoconductor (manufactured by Kyocera Corp.) was dipped in a solution prepared by dissolving 1.5 g of a surface releasing compound (S-1) having the following content in 1 liter of Isopar G for 10 seconds,
Thereafter, it was rinsed in Isopar G and dried. As a result, the surface of the amorphous silicon photoreceptor having an adhesive force of 220 g · f was modified into a peelable surface having an adhesive force of 1.5 g · f.

[0156]

Embedded image

A photosensitive member having this surface releasability was prepared as in Example 1.
In the same manner as above, a device as shown in FIG. 2 was loaded (however, the transfer layer was provided on the primary receptor 20 by the transfer layer forming device 13).

As the primary receptor, an endless belt type one prepared as described below was used. [Primary receptor] First, a natural rubber resin layer having a thickness of 0.5 mm (rubber hardness: 75 degrees, manufactured by Macgo Co., Ltd.) was attached as an elastic layer on a stainless steel film having a thickness of 100 μm. , Removable adhesive: Boncoat 86
8 (latex of acrylic ester-based main component, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) so that the film thickness after drying becomes 1 μm, and further heat-cured at a temperature of 120 ° C. for 3 minutes to form a surface adhesive layer. Formed. The adhesive strength at a transfer temperature (T ₁ ) of 50 ° C. is 65 g · f, and that at a transfer temperature (T ₂ ) of 110 ° C. is 8 g · f.
Was the value of.

Next, a transfer layer was formed on the primary receptor by the electrodeposition coating method under the following conditions. The surface temperature of the primary receptor is 50 ° C, and the peripheral velocity of the primary receptor is 10
Rotate at 0 mm / sec, and use a slit electrodeposition device on the surface of the primary receptor to prepare a dispersion liquid (L-
While supplying 2), the primary receptor side was grounded and a voltage of 150 V was applied to the electrode side of the slit electrodeposition apparatus to electrodeposit and fix the resin particles to form a transfer layer having a thickness of 2 μm.

Dispersion (L-2) of Resin (A) Resin Particles (AR-8) 10 g (as Solid Content) Resin Particles (AR-14) 10 g (as Solid Content) Charge Control Compound (D-2) ) 0.08 g was adjusted with Isopar G so that the total amount became 1 liter.

[0161]

Embedded image

After the photoreceptor 11 was corona charged to +700 V, the same digital image data as in Example 1 was used. First, based on the information about yellow, the surface exposure amount was 25 erg with light of 780 nm using a semiconductor laser. Exposure was carried out to be / cm ² . The residual potential of the exposed part was + 120V. Subsequently, a yellow toner for Versatec 3000 (Xerox color electrostatic plotter) was diluted with 50 times Isopar H (Esso Standard Petroleum) and used.
A bias voltage of +300 V was applied to the developing electrode to carry out reversal development so that the toner was electrodeposited on the exposed area, and then rinsed in a bath of Isopar H alone to remove stains on the non-image area. The above toner development processing is performed with magenta, cyan,
Repeated for each color of black.

Transfer temperature (T ₁ ) 50 ° C., nip pressure 3.5 kg
The toner image layer was transferred onto the intermediate transfer member under the condition of f / cm ² transfer speed of 150 mm / sec. Subsequently, the transfer temperature (T ₂ ) becomes 1
Guide the coated paper as a material to be transferred between the transfer backup roller 31 adjusted to be 10 ° C. and the peeling backup roller 32 without temperature control, at a nip pressure of 6 kgf / cm ² and a transfer speed of 150 mm / sec. The toner image layer was transferred onto the coated paper by applying heat and pressure.

Visual observation of the plate thus obtained using a 200 × optical microscope revealed that no toner particles were found in the non-image area and that the high resolution area such as fine lines and fine characters in the image area was observed. No deficiency was observed and the performance was the same as in Example 1. In addition, the ability to write on a copy with a pencil, a ballpoint pen, etc., the imprintability, and the filing property on a file made of a film such as a vinyl chloride sheet were almost the same as those of coated paper and did not cause any problems. Further, even if a color copy obtained in this way was prepared in 3,000 or more editions, a copy completely equivalent to that of the first edition was obtained.

Example 3 Amorphous silicon photoconductor (manufactured by Kyocera Corp.) as an electrophotographic photoconductor (adhesive force of the photoconductor surface is 230 g · f)
Was loaded in an apparatus as shown in FIG. 3 (however, an endless belt system was used as the primary receptor, and a transfer layer was formed on the primary receptor by the apparatus 13).

The release property was imparted to the photosensitive member by immersing it in a solution in which the compound (S) of the present invention was dissolved (immersion method) in the same apparatus. That is, the following compound (S-
2) The peripheral speed of the photoreceptor was set to 1 in a bath containing a solution prepared by dissolving 1.5 g of 1 g of Isopar G (manufactured by Esso Corporation).
It was processed by rotating at a rotation speed of 0 mm / sec and touching for 7 seconds, and dried by air squeezing. When the adhesive strength of the surface of the photoreceptor thus obtained was measured, it was reduced to 2 g · f, indicating good peelability.

[0167]

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The same primary receptor as in Example 2 was used, and a transfer layer was formed on this surface by the hot melt coating method as described below. That is, as a thermoplastic resin for the transfer layer, a saturated polyester resin (Chemit R-18
5. Using Toray Co., Ltd., a hot melt coater was used to coat the surface of the material to be transferred at a speed of 50 mm / sec, and cooling air was blown from the surface to keep the surface temperature at 50 ° C. At this time, the thickness of the transfer layer was 1.5 μm.
A color image was formed on this photoreceptor by an electrophotographic process in the same manner as in Example 2.

Next, the photosensitive drum provided with a toner image having a surface temperature of 50 ° C. and the primary receptor set at 50 ° C. are contact-transferred at a nip pressure of 3.5 kgf / cm ² and a peripheral speed of 120 mm / sec. Further, subsequently, an OHP film as the material 30 to be transferred is guided by a flat conveyance between the transfer backup roller 31 set at a temperature of 125 ° C. and the peeling backup roller 32 set at a temperature of 20 ° C., and the nip pressure is 5 kgf. Heating / pressurization was performed at a drum speed of / cm ² and a drum peripheral speed of 120 mm / sec. The color toner images were all transferred onto an OHP film, and a multicolor image was obtained.

The captured image thus formed on the film was visually observed using a 200 × optical microscope. No background stain on the non-image area was observed. In addition, the toner image and the transfer layer are all transferred onto the film without being transferred to the photoreceptor and the primary receptor, so that high-resolution areas such as fine lines and characters are missing or disturbed, and high-definition image areas in the halftone area are removed. No missing or disturbed halftone dots were observed and the image was extremely good as a copied image.

Example 4 The same operation as in Example 3 was carried out except that a transfer method from release paper according to the following contents (see FIG. 3) was used instead of the transfer layer formation by the hot melt coating method in Example 3. I got a color copy. That is, a separate paper (manufactured by Oji Paper Co., Ltd.) is used as the release paper 40, and a polyvinyl acetate and a methyl methacrylate / methyl acrylate (6/4 weight ratio) copolymer 5/5 weight ratio of 3 μm are used. The pressure between the rollers is 3kg by pressing the paper on which the coating film of
A transfer layer was transfer-formed on the photoconductor under the conditions of f / cm ² , surface temperature of 80 ° C. and passing speed of 50 mm / sec. Obtained O
The color image on the HP film was a good image without fog as in Example 3, and the image strength was sufficient. Further, the writing property and the marking property were also good.

Examples 5 to 16 In Example 1, instead of the resin particles (AR-4) in the dispersion liquid (L-1) of the resin (A), each resin particle (AR) and / or each of the following Table-F was used. A color image was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (ARW) (total amount of 20 g) was used.

[0173]

[Table 6]

The color copy obtained had clear image quality without background stains. That is, the toner image formed on the photoreceptor has a good image reproducibility and no fog in the non-image portion is seen, and the transfer to the coated paper is complete without causing transfer unevenness. Was made. Further, rewriting or imprinting on the obtained copy paper could be performed in the same manner as in the case of coated paper. Further, when the repetition was performed, in each case, an object equivalent to that of the first edition could be obtained even with 300 or more editions.

Example 17 5 g of bisazo pigment having the following structure, and tetrahydrofuran 95
g and a mixture of 5 g of a polyester resin (byron 200 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) were sufficiently pulverized in a ball mill. Next, the mixture was taken out, and 520 g of tetrahydrofuran was added with stirring. This dispersion was applied to the same aluminum plate as that used in Example 1 using a wire round rod to form a charge generation layer of about 0.7 μm. Next, 20 g of a hydrazone compound having the following structural formula,
Polycarbonate resin (Lexan 121 GE) 2
A mixed solution of 0 g and 160 g of tetrahydrofuran was applied on the charge generation layer using a wire round rod, dried at 60 ° C. for 30 seconds, and further heated at 100 ° C. for 20 seconds to form a charge transport layer of about 18 μm. Thus, an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer composed of two layers was obtained.

[0176]

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Furthermore, in order to form a surface layer for imparting releasability on the photosensitive layer, a resin (PP
-1) 6 g, phthalic anhydride 0.1 g, phthalic acid 0.02
g and a mixed solution of 100 g of toluene were applied using a wire round rod so as to have a film thickness of 0.7 μm, dried by touch, and further heated at 140 ° C. for 1 hour. The tackiness of the surface of the obtained photoreceptor was 1 g · f or less.

[0178]

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The following were prepared as primary receptors. A silicone rubber layer having a rubber hardness of 45 ° and a thickness of 2 mm is formed on a hollow drum having a temperature controller incorporated therein to form a heat-resistant elastic layer. 1 μm, 120
The composition was thermally cured at 5 ° C. for 5 hours to form an adhesive layer. <Adhesive Solution> Silyl 5A-01 (manufactured by Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 8 g Methyldimethoxysilyl group-terminated polypropylene oxide Adhesive: steperite ester 10 3.8 g (manufactured by Rika Hercules) Aluminum triethyl acetate 1 0.3 g of a 10% solution of toluene

The adhesive strength of the surface of the intermediate transfer member thus prepared is 80 g · f at a temperature (T ₁ ) of 50 ° C. and a temperature (T
₂ ) It was 10 g · f at 100 ° C.

Using the above photoreceptor and primary receptor,
A color image was formed on the coated paper in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a He--Ne laser light source (633 nm) was used as an exposure light source in the electrophotographic process. No residual toner image or transfer layer was observed on the primary receptor on the photoreceptor, and the image on the coated paper was the same as in Example 1 and was very good. In addition, the photoreceptor was equivalent to the first plate even when plate making was repeated for 250 or more plates. On the other hand, the primary receptor did not cause any change in transcription even after repeating 10,000 times or more.

Example 18 As an organic photoconductive substance, 4,4'-bis (diethylamino) -2,2'-dimethyltriphenylmethane (5 g),
4 g of a binder resin (P-2) having the following structure, 40 mg of a dye (C-1) having the following structural formula, and 0.2 g of the anilide compound (B) having the above structure as a chemical sensitizer were added to 30 ml of methylene chloride.
And 30 ml of ethylene chloride to obtain a photosensitive layer dispersion. The photosensitive layer dispersion was applied to a conductive transparent support (a polyethylene terephthalate support having a thickness of 100 μm, having a vapor-deposited film of indium oxide, surface resistance of 10 ³ Ω) using a wire round rod, and was coated for about 4 hours.
A photoreceptor having a μm photosensitive layer was obtained.

[0183]

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On the surface of this photoreceptor, a silicone rubber layer was coated with a wire bar in the same manner as in Example 1 using an ultraviolet ray curable type silicongon TFC7700 (manufactured by Toshiba Silicon Co., Ltd.), and a high pressure mercury lamp UM102 was applied thereto. (Ushio Electric Co., Ltd.) was irradiated from a distance of 5 cm for 30 seconds. At this time, the thickness of the silicone rubber layer was 0.6 μm. The resulting photoreceptor had an adhesive strength of 1 g · f on the surface. An operation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this photoconductor was used instead of the photoconductor used in Example 1 to form an object for printing. Similar to Example 1, the obtained image was clear without any background fog and was good.

Example 19 Instead of the peelable surface layer used in Example 1, 9 g of a silicone rubber polymer having the following structure was formed on the surface of the photoreceptor.
A mixture of 400 mg of a crosslinking agent having the following structure, 40 mg of catalyst X92-1114 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicon Co., Ltd.), and 150 g of heptane was uniformly applied by a wire bar, heated at 90 ° C. for 2 minutes, and dried and crosslinked. A silicone rubber layer was formed.
At this time, the thickness of the surface layer was 1.0 μm. The adhesive strength of this surface was 1 g · f or less.

[0186]

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An object was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this photosensitive member was used instead of the photosensitive member used in Example 1. The image on the coated paper thus obtained was clear and free of ground fog, as in Example 1, and was good. Furthermore, even if you repeatedly create more than 300 color object plates,
Similar to Example 1, good results were obtained with no change.

Example 20 In the peelable surface layer of Example 17, the resin (PP
-1) Instead of 6 g, resin (PP-2) 6 having the following structure
A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 except for using g.

[0189]

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This photoreceptor was used in the same manner as in Example 17 except that the photoreceptor used in Example 17 was used, and an object was formed and printing was performed. The image obtained is from Example 17.
Similarly to the above, it was clear and good with no background fog. In addition, a color object was repeatedly produced, and even at the 300th or higher version, the performance was exactly the same as that of the first version.

[0191]

According to the color image forming method of the present invention,
A high-definition, high-quality color image can be easily and stably obtained without color shift, and an excellent color image can be reproduced without selecting a final transfer-receiving material. In addition, even when the transfer temperature is low or the transfer speed is high, for example, even when the transfer temperature is low or the transfer speed is high, the transfer layer and the toner image are still good on the final transfer material even when the transfer layer is thin and the transfer conditions are relaxed. Transcribed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 adopts a drum system as a primary receptor,
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for performing the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, which adopts an endless belt system as a primary receptor.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention in which a drum system is adopted as a primary receptor and an impression drum method is adopted as a backup system for second transfer.

[Description of Signs] 10 Compound (S) application device 11 Photoreceptor 13 Transfer layer forming unit 13a Electrodeposition unit 13b Hot melt coater 13c Transfer method unit 14 Liquid developing unit set 14Y Yellow liquid developing unit 14M Magenta liquid developing unit 14C Cyan liquid Developing unit 14B Black liquid developing unit 15 Intake / exhaust unit 15a Suction unit 15b Exhaust unit 16 Preheating unit 17 Temperature control unit 18 Corona charging device 19 Exposure device 20 Primary receptor 21 Cooling unit 30 Transfer material 31 Transfer backup roller 32 Transfer backup roller 32 Roller 40 Release paper 41 Transfer backup roller 42 Backup peeling roller

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A toner image of one or more colors is formed by an electrophotographic process using a liquid developer on an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a releasable surface, and then the toner is obtained by the following method (i) or (ii). The image is contact-transferred onto the primary receptor having an adhesive surface at a temperature (T ₁ ), and the toner image on the primary receptor is transferred onto the final transfer material together with the transfer layer at a temperature (T ₁ ) higher than the temperature (T ₁ ). ₂ ) is a method for producing a color image by contact transfer, wherein the adhesive force on the surface of the primary receptor is
An electronic device characterized in that it has an adhesive force of 3 gram · force or more at a temperature (T ₁ ) and 40 gram · force or less at a temperature (T ₂ ) by the adhesive force according to the “adhesive tape / adhesive sheet test method” of SZ 0237-1980. Photographic color image forming method. (I) After forming a transfer layer mainly containing a thermoplastic resin (A) having a glass transition point of 80 ° C. or lower or a softening point of 90 ° C. or lower on the entire surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member on which the toner image is formed,
The toner image is transferred together with the transfer layer onto the primary receptor. (Ii) The toner image on the electrophotographic photoreceptor is transferred onto a primary receptor having a transfer layer mainly containing the resin (A). 2. A resin (A) having a glass transition point of 30 ° C. to 80 ° C. or a softening point of 35 ° C. to 90 ° C. and a glass transition point of 40 ° C. or lower or a softening point of 45 ° C.
The electrophotographic color according to claim 1, wherein the color is at least composed of the following resin (AL), and a difference between a glass transition point or a softening point of the resin (AH) and the resin (AL) is 2 ° C or more. Image forming method. 3. The surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a peeling force of 20 gram · force or less according to JIS Z 0237-1980 “Adhesive tape / adhesive sheet test method” when a toner image is formed. The electrophotographic color image forming method described in 1 or 2.