JPH09135559A - Synchronous motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a synchronous motor which is small in size, has a high efficiency and has a high versatility. SOLUTION: A synchronous motor has a rectifier which includes diodes which rectify an AC power supply 4 and switch the direction of a current alternately so as to actuate the rotation of a permanent magnet rotor in order to start the motor as a DC motor, a commutator and brushes. When the revolution of the permanent magnet rotor comes close to the revolution of the synchronous operation, the connection of the rectifier is cut off and the operation is switched to the synchronous operation. For that purpose, the commutator has a conductive sliding ring 2 which is attached coaxially to the rotor and rotates with the rotor and has a center angle approximately 180 deg.. The brushes are provided at two facing positions in the circumferential direction of the rotor. That is, feeding brushes (a) and (b) which are brought into sliding contacts with the sliding ring 2 to feed the current alternately and brushes (c1 and c2 ) and (d1 and d2 ) which are so provided as to face each other roughly and with which the sliding ring 2 is connected to coil segments A and B through the diodes 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are provided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a synchronous motor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, for example, OA equipment has a cooling D
Equipped with a C or AC fan motor, particularly a device requiring a high rotation speed is equipped with a two-pole AC fan motor. In general, an induction motor is used as the AC fan motor. A rotor having both ends of a conductor shaft short-circuited rotates in a rotating magnetic field formed by stator windings while slipping. However, it is difficult for an induction motor to provide a small and efficient motor, and there is also a manufacturing restriction that the conductive material used for the rotor is limited to aluminum or copper.

Therefore, the inventor has already rectified an alternating current by a combination of a diode, a commutator and a brush to start as a direct current motor to start the rotation of a permanent magnet rotor near the synchronous rotation, at which time the commutator is connected to the brush with the brush. Has developed a 4-pole synchronous motor that can be removed from the rectifier circuit and switched to synchronous operation by an AC power source (Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-18438, Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-18436, etc.). In the above 4-pole synchronous motor, two sliding rings having a central angle of 180 ° are arranged as a commutator provided on the rotary shaft of the rotor, and brushes can slidably contact the sliding rings at four positions. Arranged, each sliding ring is 90 °
It is configured in a plane so that the polarity changes each time it rotates. After the rotation of the rotor is raised to near synchronous rotation by direct current, the commutator is pulled in the rotation axis direction by using the centrifugal force of the weight when the rotor reaches the required rotation speed, and contacts with the brush. Is cut off to shift to synchronous rotation.

[0004]

By the way, the four-pole synchronous motor has a rotation speed of 1500 rpm or 1800 rp.
Since it is about m, it is not suitable for an AC fan motor or the like that requires a higher rotation speed. Therefore, the rotation speed is 3000 rpm
Alternatively, a two-pole synchronous motor having about 3600 rpm is preferably used. In the case of the 4-pole synchronous motor, two sliding rings having a central angle of about 180 ° are provided, and the polarity of the current flowing through the armature coil changes every time the sliding rings are displaced by 90 °. In the case of a 6-pole synchronous motor, a sliding ring with a central angle of approximately 120 ° can be used.
It is possible to provide a single piece and planarly configure so that the polarity of the current flowing through the armature coil changes every time the sliding ring is displaced by 60 °.

However, the two-pole synchronous motor has the above-mentioned four
In the case of a planar structure similar to the case of a pole synchronous motor or a synchronous motor with 6 or more poles, one sliding ring can
In order to configure the polarity of the current flowing through the armature coil to change every 80 ° rotation, a sliding ring having a central angle of 360 ° is arranged, and it is not possible to configure it in a plane. It is possible. If the sliding ring is 180 °
If they are separated into two-stage structure, the size of the motor will increase.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a synchronous motor which is small in size, has high efficiency, and is highly versatile.

[0007]

The present invention has the following arrangement to achieve the above object. That is, a two-pole permanent magnet rotor and A, B2 provided corresponding to the permanent magnet rotor so as to be operated as a synchronous motor by an AC power source.
A fixed armature having two coil segments, a diode, a commutator for alternately switching the direction of current so as to energize the rotation of the permanent magnet rotor so as to rectify the AC power supply and start it as a DC motor at startup. A synchronous motor including a rectifier circuit including a brush, and when the rotational speed of the permanent magnet rotor reaches a rotational speed near synchronous operation, disconnects the rectifier circuit and switches to synchronous operation by an AC power source for driving. In, the commutator has a conductive sliding ring that is mounted coaxially with the rotor and rotates, and has a central angle of approximately 180 °, and the brush slides on the sliding ring to alternately supply power. Of the power supply brushes, which are arranged to face each other, and the sliding ring and the coil segments A and B, respectively, are electrically connected to each other so as to be electrically conductive. And conductive brushes, characterized by comprising a.

The brushes are the power feeding brush b and the conductive brushes c ₁ and d ₁ , the power feeding brush a and the conductive brush c.
₂ , ₂ may be arranged so as to face each other.

Further, a permanent magnet rotor, a fixed armature having two coil segments A and B provided corresponding to the permanent magnet rotor so as to be operated as a synchronous motor by an AC power source, and the AC power source is rectified at the time of starting. And a rectifying circuit including a diode, a commutator, and a brush for alternately switching the direction of the current so as to energize the rotation of the permanent magnet rotor so as to start as a DC motor, and the rotation speed of the permanent magnet rotor. In a synchronous motor that drives by switching to a synchronous operation by an AC power source by disconnecting the connection of the rectifier circuit when the rotational speed of the synchronous operation is reached, the commutator is attached to the rotor coaxially and rotates. Has a flexible sliding ring,
The brush includes a power feeding brush that is arranged in the circumferential direction so as to be in contact with the sliding ring and alternately feeds power, and a conductive brush that electrically connects the sliding ring and the coil segments A and B, respectively. In order to converge the rectified current flowing in the rectifier circuit only to the coil segment A, the conductive brush connected to the coil segment B side is output balanced so that the B side coil output is lower than the A side coil output. It is characterized in that it is arranged to be displaced from the position.

Further, the rotor includes a two-pole permanent magnet, the commutator has a conductive sliding ring that is mounted coaxially with the rotor and rotates, and has a central angle of approximately 180 °, and the brush is , Power supply brushes a and b arranged to face each other, conductive brushes c ₁ and c ₂ arranged to face coil segment A, and conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ connected to coil segment B. The brushes d ₁ and d ₂ may be arranged so that the opening angle (center angle) of the brushes is not narrower than the facing position. Further, the rotor includes a two-pole permanent magnet, the commutator has a conductive sliding ring that is mounted coaxially with the rotor and rotates, and has a central angle of approximately 180 °, and the brushes are arranged opposite to each other. Power feeding brushes a and b, and conductive brushes c ₁ and c ₂ connected to the coil segment A and facing each other.
When, and a oppositely disposed conductive brush d _1, d ₂ is connected to the coil segment B, the conductive brush d _1, d ₂
Is a coil segment B when the sliding ring is rotated.
The conductive brush c so that the current flowing through it does not become zero.
They may be arranged on the opposite side of the center line connecting ₁ and c ₂ by a predetermined angle. Further, the rotor includes a four-pole permanent magnet, the commutator includes a plurality of conductive sliding rings that are mounted coaxially with the rotor and rotate, and have a central angle of approximately 180 °, and the brush includes: The power supply brushes a and b are arranged to face each other, the conductive brush c is connected to the coil segment A, and the conductive brush d is connected to the coil segment B. The conductive brush d is displaced from the position facing the conductive brush c. You may arrange. Also,
The rotor includes an N-pole (N ≧ 6: N is an even number) permanent magnet, and the commutator is mounted coaxially with the rotor to rotate and has a plurality of central angles of approximately 360 ° / (N / 2). A conductive brush that has a conductive sliding ring and is connected to the coil segment A and power feeding brushes a and b arranged so that the opening angle (center angle) is 360 ° / (N / 2). c and conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ connected to the coil segment B and having an opening angle of 360 ° / (N / 2)
And the center position between the conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ may be displaced from the position facing the conductive brush c.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a circuit configuration of a two-pole synchronous motor, FIGS. 2 to 4 are explanatory diagrams showing a change of a rectifier circuit due to a rotation change of a sliding ring of the two-pole synchronous motor, and FIG. 5 is a two-pole synchronous motor. 6 to 9 are explanatory views showing a circuit configuration of a two-pole synchronous motor according to another example, FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a circuit configuration of a four-pole synchronous motor, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the circuit structure of a 6 pole synchronous motor.

In FIG. 1, 1 is an armature coil and 2
Of coil segments A and B. a and b are salaries
It is a carbon brush for electricity, and it is connected to the rotor.
Power is alternately provided by being arranged at two locations facing each other in the circumferential direction of the data.
And c₁, C_Two, D ₁, D_TwoIs A and B above
Conductive carbon for connecting to coil segments of
The brushes are in sliding contact with the sliding ring 2.
The sliding ring 2 has an angle of about 180 ° around the rotation axis of the motor.
Has a central angle (strictly speaking, a central angle slightly smaller than 180 °)
It is made of a conductive ring piece.

3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are diodes,
The current from the single-phase AC power supply 4 is rectified and supplied to the coil segments A and B. 5a, 5b in the switch, conductive brush c ₁ is drawn sliding ring _{2, c 2, d 1,} d
At the same time when the contact with ₂ is released, it moves in the direction of the broken line,
Commutator including sliding ring 2, conductive brushes c ₁ , c
_The rectifying circuit including ₂ , d ₁ and d ₂ and the diodes 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d is cut off, and the AC power source 4 is connected to both ends of the coil segments A and B.

C ₁ and C ₂ are the coil segments A and B, respectively.
Is a capacitor that is connected in parallel with, and compensates for the output loss by matching the phase difference between the armature current and the voltage. Instead of the capacitors C ₁ and C ₂ , a capacitor C ₃ may be connected in parallel to the single-phase AC power source 4 as shown by the broken line in FIG.

Next, the structure of each brush on the commutator side of the two-pole synchronous motor will be described with reference to FIG.
The rotor is omitted in FIG. Reference numeral 6 is a housing that constitutes the exterior of the motor (see FIG. 5B). The power supply brushes a and b and the conductive brush c ₁ described above,
c ₂ , d ₁ and d ₂ are leaf springs 7 having conductivity, respectively.
a, integrally attached to the 7b and the leaf spring _{7c 1, 7c 2, 7d 1} , the free end of the 7d _2. Leaf spring 7
a, 7b and the leaf spring _{7c 1, 7c 2, 7d 1} , 7d 2 of the fixed end side lead wire and a capacitor 3a as contact terminals of the brushes, 3b, 3c, functioning as connection terminals 3d and the like (FIG. 5 (a), (c)).

The switches 5a and 5b are leaf springs 8a and
The motor is switched from the starting operation to the synchronous operation by opening and closing the contact on the free end side of 8b. This switch 5
Since the opening / closing operation of the power feeding brushes a, b is interlocked with the contacting / separating operation of the power feeding brushes a, b to / from the sliding ring 2,
In order not to be affected by the abrasion of the carbon of b, non-conductive support members 9a and 9b are provided to enable the independent structure of the switches 5a and 5b. The non-conductive support members 9a and 9b are urged by the leaf springs 8a and 8b and movable toward the center in the radial direction.
b is openable and closable. Also, the leaf spring 7a,
7b and the leaf springs 8a and 8b do not interfere with each other,
The non-conductive support members 9a and 9b are respectively supported in different recesses in the radial direction. The leaf spring 8a is a recess on the non-conductive support member 9a side and the leaf spring 8b is a non-conductive support member 9b.
It is configured to abut with the concave portions on the side (see FIG. 5A). As each of the leaf springs, for example, a thin phosphor bronze plate or the like is preferably used, and as the non-conductive support members 9a and 9b, polyimide having abrasion resistance is preferably used.

Next, the principle of activating the two-pole synchronous motor as a DC motor and switching to the AC two-pole synchronous motor near the synchronous rotation speed will be described with reference to FIGS. First, in FIG. 1, when the sliding ring 2 is at the position shown in the figure, a circuit including a power source 4, a power feeding brush a, a sliding ring 2, a conductive brush c ₁ , a diode 3a, a coil segment A, and a power source 4, and a power source. 4, a coil segment B, a diode 3b, a conductive brush d ₁ , a sliding ring 2, a power feeding brush a, and a power source 4 are formed. That is,
Armature current is coil segment A and coil segment B
Flow in the direction of the arrow, and the rotor rotates.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, when the commutator rotates 90 ° counterclockwise, the sliding ring 2 comes into contact with the power feeding brush b, the conductive brush c ₁ and the conductive brush d ₁ ,
A circuit including a power source 4, a power feeding brush b, a sliding ring 2, a conductive brush c ₁ , a diode 3a, a coil segment A, and a power source 4, and a power source 4, a coil segment B, a diode 3b, a conductive brush d ₁ , and a sliding ring 2. , A power supply brush b and a power supply 4 are formed. That is,
Armature current is coil segment A and coil segment B
And the rotor rotates.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, when the commutator further rotates 90 °, the sliding ring 2 comes into contact with the power feeding brush b, the conductive brush c ₂ and the conductive brush d _2, and the power source 4, the power feeding brush b, A circuit including a sliding ring 2, a conductive brush d ₂ , a diode 3d, a coil segment B, and a power source 4, a power source 4, a coil segment A, and a diode 3
c, a conductive brush c ₂ , a sliding ring 2, a power feeding brush b, and a power source 4 are formed. That is, the armature current is inverted and distributed to the coil segment A and the coil segment B to flow, and the rotor rotates.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4, when the commutator further rotates 90 °, the sliding ring 2 comes into contact with the power feeding brush a, the conductive brush c ₂ and the conductive brush d _2, and the power source 4 and the power feeding brush a. A circuit including a sliding ring 2, a conductive brush d ₂ , a diode 3d, a coil segment B, and a power source 4, and a power source 4, a coil segment A, and a diode 3
c, a conductive brush c ₂ , a sliding ring 2, a power feeding brush a, and a power source 4 are formed. That is, the armature current is distributed while flowing to the coil segment A and the coil segment B, and the rotor rotates.

As described above, when the sliding ring 2 rotates together with the rotating shaft of the motor, the brush to be fed is switched and the direction of the current flowing through the armature coil 1 is changed every time the rotating ring rotates about 180 °, and the polarity is changed. To be done. At this time, since the armature coil 1 flows alternately and in the same direction with respect to the segments A and B, a large current flows as compared with the case where all the coils are energized, and a large torque can be generated during the startup operation.

Therefore, the permanent magnet rotor having two poles and the magnetic poles of the fixed armature coil 1 correspond to each other, and the rotor has a rotation angle of about 180 °.
Since the polarity of the armature coil 1 changes each time it rotates, it continues to act to urge the rotation of the rotor.

Next, the rotation speed of the rotor becomes near synchronous rotation.
Once reached, the commutator moves axially
Aude 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, conductive brush c₁,
c_Two, D ₁, D_TwoSimultaneously when removed from the rectifier circuit including
The switches 5a and 5b are switched as shown by the broken line in FIG.
The AC power source 4 and the armature coil 1 are short-circuited
Drive as a synchronous motor. At this time, the armature
Segments A and B are connected in series to Il1
Therefore, it is not enough to generate the torque required for synchronous operation.
An electric current corresponding to the load flows. Also, if the motor is starting rotation
The rectified current to the coil segment
In order to cause the motor A to converge and shift to synchronous rotation,
The number of windings of segment A is smaller than that of segment B,
Thicken the winding of component A or resist to segment B
May be connected in series.

As the permanent magnet rotor of the two-pole synchronous motor, various materials can be used as compared with the induction motor. For example, ferrite, rubber magnet, plastic magnet, samarium cobalt, rare earth magnet, neodymium iron boron. It can be configured at low cost by using, for example.

The two-pole synchronous motor is smaller and more efficient than the conventional induction motor. For example, a ferrite rotor is used and the efficiency is about 75%. If neodymium iron boron is used, the efficiency is further improved. Miniaturization can be realized. Further, the torque is lower than that of the 4-pole synchronous motor, but the rotation speed is high and a rotation speed of about 3000 rpm to 3600 rpm can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to provide a highly versatile two-pole synchronous motor that has a low manufacturing cost, is efficient, and has a small size. In addition, the timing to remove the commutator from the rectifier circuit by the diode and the brush near the synchronous rotation,
Setting in the order of switch 5a → switch 5b → brush is more preferable because it can prevent electrical short circuit and prolong the life of the brush.

In the above embodiment, the power supply brushes a and b are used.
And the conductive brushes c ₁ , c ₂ , d ₁ and d ₂ by about 90 °
Although they are arranged at the shifted positions, as shown in FIG. 6, the power feeding brush b and the conductive brushes c ₁ and d ₁ and the power feeding brush a and the conductive brushes c ₂ and d ₂ may be arranged to face each other. Is.

Next, in order to converge the rectified current flowing in the rectifier circuit of the motor only to the coil segment A, the conductive brush connected to the coil segment B side has a B side coil output lower than the A side coil output. Another embodiment of the synchronous motor, which is arranged so as to be displaced from the output balanced position, will be described. Note that the same members as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description is referred to.

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of a two-pole synchronous motor, in which a two-pole permanent magnet is provided as a rotor, and a commutator is mounted coaxially with the rotor to rotate and has a central angle of about 180 °. It has a flexible sliding ring. In addition, the brushes are power supply brushes a and b that are arranged to face each other.
And conductive brushes c ₁ and c ₂ arranged opposite to each other to connect to the coil segment A, and conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ to connect to the coil segment B.

The power supply brushes a and b are arranged in the vertical direction in FIG.
Conductive brushes c arranged opposite to each other ₁, C_TwoIs the above salary
The brushes are arranged facing each other at 90 ° from the electric brushes a and b.
ing. Also, the conductive brush d₁, D_TwoOpposite position
Device, specifically conductive brush c₁, C_TwoBrush from the position
Are arranged so that the opening angle α of the is narrow. Above
Electric brush d₁, D_TwoThe narrower the opening angle α of
However, the output on the B side can be reduced, and the synchronization pull-in
The imming can be adjusted. Also conductive brush
d ₁, D_TwoThe angles by which the
You don't have to.

According to the above configuration, the sliding ring 2 rotates and the timing of contacting the conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ with the conductive brushes c ₁ and c ₂ is shifted, and the output from the coil segment A side to the coil segment B side is shifted. By lowering, the rectified current can be converged only on the coil segment A.

Next, referring to FIG. 8 and FIG.
Still another example of the data will be described. Bipolar according to this embodiment
Synchronous motors, as shown in FIG.
The brushes a and b and the opposing arrangement connected to the coil segment A
Placed conductive brush c₁, C _TwoAnd coil segment B
Conductive brush d oppositely connected to₁, D_TwoAnd
I have.

The power supply brushes a and b are arranged vertically in FIG.
Conductive brushes c arranged opposite to each other ₁, C_TwoIs the above salary
The brushes are arranged facing each other at 90 ° from the electric brushes a and b.
ing. The conductive brush d₁, D_TwoIs the sliding ring
The current flowing through coil segment B is zero when 2 rotates.
The conductive brush c₁, C_TwoMore clock
The conductive block is shifted by a predetermined angle β in each direction.
Rashi c₁, C_TwoOn the opposite side of the center line E connecting
It is arranged to be. The conductive brush d₁,
d_TwoIs the conductive brush c₁, C_TwoMore counterclockwise
Alternatively, they may be arranged so as to be offset by a predetermined angle β.

In FIG. 8, when the sliding ring 2 is at the position shown in the drawing, it contacts the power feeding brush b, the conductive brush c ₁ and the conductive brush d _1, and the power source 4, the power feeding brush b, the sliding ring 2, the conductive brush. A circuit composed of c ₁ , a diode 3a, a coil segment A and a power source 4 and a circuit composed of a power source 4, a coil segment B, a diode 3b, a conductive brush d ₁ , a sliding ring 2, a power feeding brush b and a power source 4 are formed. It That is, armature currents are distributed to the coil segment A and the coil segment B in the directions of the arrows, respectively, and
The rotor rotates.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9, when the commutator rotates counterclockwise by 180 °, the sliding ring 2 comes into contact with the power feeding brush a, the conductive brush c ₂ and the conductive brush d _2, and the power source 4, coil segments A, diode 3c, the conductive brush c _2, slide ring 2, power supply brush a, a circuit formed of the power supply 4, the power supply 4, power supply brush a, slide ring 2, the conductive brush d _2, the diode 3d, the coil segments B, a circuit composed of the power supply 4 is formed. That is, the armature current is distributed to the coil segment A and the coil segment B, and the rotor rotates.

Further, in the present embodiment, when the motor shifts from the starting rotation to the synchronous rotation, the number of turns of the segment A is adjusted so that the rectified current converges on the coil segment A and smoothly shifts to the synchronous rotation. It is configured to be less than B.

According to the above-mentioned structure, the power supply switches arranged opposite to each other.
Conductive brush c arranged opposite to the brushes a and b₁, C_TwoAnd
Place the conductive brushes so that their center lines are orthogonal to each other.
c₁, C_TwoAgainst the conductive brush d₁, D_TwoThe predetermined angle β
The output balance of the coil can be
The condition is lost and the rectified current converges on the coil segment A side.
The number of turns on the coil segment B side can be increased.
And conductive brush d₁, D _TwoJust set the position of
Then, you can set the timing of the transition to synchronous pull-in arbitrarily.
Wear. Therefore, one pull-in operation synchronizes from startup operation
It is possible to increase the probability of smoothly shifting to driving.
In addition, the conductors connected to the coil segment A side and B side are connected.
Electric brush c₁, C_TwoAnd d₁, D_TwoAre opposed to each other
Therefore, positioning with respect to the power feeding brushes a and b is easy.
Position accuracy is easy to obtain. What is the sliding ring 2
While rotating 180 ° from the rotation position, the A side coil and
Be sure to contact the conductive brush connected to the B side coil.
Switch the direction of the current flowing through coil segments A and B
There is a spark between each conductive brush and the sliding ring 2.
It rarely occurs.

Next, an embodiment of a 4-pole synchronous motor is shown in FIG.
0 will be described. The power feeding brushes a and b are arranged facing each other at two positions in the circumferential direction of the commutator connected to the four-pole permanent magnet rotor, and feed power alternately. The conductive brushes c and d are respectively connected to the two coil segments A and B and are in sliding contact with the sliding rings 2a and 2b, respectively. The sliding rings 2a and 2b are made of conductive ring pieces having a central angle of about 180 ° (strictly, a central angle slightly smaller than 180 °) around the rotation shaft of the motor.

The power supply brushes a and b are arranged so as to face each other in the vertical direction of FIG. 10, and the conductive brush c connected to the coil segment A has a center angle deviated from the power supply brushes a and b by 90 °. The conductive brush d, which is arranged at the position and is connected to the coil segment B, is arranged at a position shifted by a predetermined angle γ from the position facing the conductive brush c. By disposing the conductive brush d in a counterclockwise direction (or clockwise direction) by a predetermined angle γ from the facing position of the conductive brush c, the power supply ratio to the coil segment B side is reduced and the rectified current is supplied to the coil segment A. Can be converged to the side. The sliding ring 2
Each time a and 2b rotate counterclockwise by 90 °, the rectified current alternately flows through the coil segments A and B, so that the direction of the current flowing through the armature coil 1 changes and the magnetic poles are converted. It

Also with the above configuration, the winding number on the coil segment B side and the position of the conductive brush d can be arbitrarily set so that the output balanced state of the coil is broken and the A side coil output becomes larger than the B side coil output. The timing of the shift to the synchronous pull-in can be set arbitrarily, and the probability of smoothly shifting from the startup run to the synchronous run can be increased by one pull-in action.

Next, an embodiment of a 6-pole synchronous motor is shown in FIG.
This will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 11, the rotor is provided with a 6-pole permanent magnet, and the commutator is mounted on the same shaft as the rotor to rotate, and is a conductive slide having a central angle of approximately 120 ° (strictly, a central angle slightly smaller than 120 °). It has rings 2a, 2b, 2c. Further, the brushes have power feeding brushes a and b arranged so that the opening angle (center angle) is 120 °, a conductive brush c connected to the coil segment A, and an opening angle 120 ° connected to the coil segment B. And conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ . The center position between the conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ is the conductive brush c.
Are arranged counterclockwise (or clockwise) by a predetermined angle δ from the facing position.

When the sliding rings 2a, 2b and 2c and the conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ are in the positions shown in FIG. 11, the power source 4, the switch 5b, the coil segment A, the conductive brush c, the sliding ring 2a, and the power feeding. Brush a, diode 3a,
A circuit including a power source 4, a power source 4, a switch 5a, a diode 3b, a power feeding brush b, a sliding ring 2b, a conductive brush d ₁ , a resistor R, a coil segment B, a switch 5b,
A circuit including the power supply 4 is formed. The sliding ring 2
Every time a, 2b, and 2c rotate counterclockwise by 60 °, the rectified current alternately flows through the coil segments A and B, so that the direction of the current flowing through the armature coil 1 changes and the magnetic poles change. To be converted.

Since the resistor R is connected to the circuit connected to the coil segment B, the rectified current flowing to the B side is reduced, and when the rotational speed of the rotor reaches the vicinity of the synchronous operation, the rectified current is generated. Convergence becomes easier on the A side, and it switches smoothly to synchronous operation. In addition, the center position between the conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ is shifted counterclockwise (or clockwise) by a predetermined angle δ from the opening position of 360 ° / (N pole / 2) from the facing position of the conductive brush c. By disposing each brush as described above, the power supply ratio to the coil segment B side can be reduced and the rectified current can be converged to the coil segment A side.

Also with the above configuration, it is only necessary to arbitrarily set the number of turns on the coil segment B side and the position of the conductive brush d so that the output equilibrium state of the coil is broken and the A side coil output becomes larger than the B side coil output. The timing of the shift to the synchronous pull-in can be set arbitrarily, and the probability of smoothly shifting from the startup run to the synchronous run can be increased by one pull-in action.

Although the above embodiments have been described with respect to the 2-pole, 4-pole, and 6-pole synchronous motors, it is needless to say that a synchronous motor having 8 or more poles can be applied with the same structure as the 6-pole synchronous motor.

In each of the above embodiments, the outer rotor system has been described, but it goes without saying that the present invention can also be applied to the inner rotor system in which the permanent magnet rotor is provided inside the armature coil. In addition, the present invention can be widely applied to a synchronous motor generally called an inductor type, a planar opposed type synchronous motor in which a flat disk-shaped magnet and a coil are opposed on a disk-shaped surface, and the like. Further, as for the motor according to the present invention, as in the case of an induction motor that has been generally used in the past, in order to guarantee safety at the time of overload, a circuit such as a thermal fuse or a bimetal type is always provided in a circuit portion that is always energized during operation. The high temperature detection switch can be incorporated.

[0046]

As described above, the present invention can provide a versatile synchronous motor which is inexpensive to manufacture, efficient, and compact. Further, since the rectified current flowing in the rectifier circuit of the motor is converged only on the coil segment A, the conductive brush connected to the coil segment B is moved from the output balanced position so that the B side coil output is lower than the A side coil output. By arranging them in a staggered manner, the output equilibrium state of the coil is disrupted, and the rectified current can be easily converged on the coil segment A. By simply setting the number of turns on the coil segment B side and the position of the conductive brush connected thereto, The timing of the transition to synchronous pull-in can be set arbitrarily. Therefore, it is possible to increase the probability of smoothly shifting from the startup operation to the synchronous operation with one pull-in operation. Further, by arranging the conductive brush connected to the side of the coil segment B so as to be displaced from the output balanced position, it is possible to easily position the conductive brush with respect to the power supply brush and to easily obtain the position accuracy of the conductive brush.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a circuit configuration of a two-pole synchronous motor.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a change in a rectifier circuit accompanying a change in rotation of a sliding ring of a two-pole synchronous motor.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a change in a rectifier circuit according to a change in rotation of a sliding ring of a two-pole synchronous motor.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a change in a rectifier circuit accompanying a change in rotation of a sliding ring of a two-pole synchronous motor.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a structure of each brush of the two-pole synchronous motor.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a circuit configuration of a two-pole synchronous motor according to another example.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a circuit configuration of a two-pole synchronous motor according to another example.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a circuit configuration of a two-pole synchronous motor according to another example.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a circuit configuration of a two-pole synchronous motor according to another example.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a circuit configuration of a 4-pole synchronous motor according to another example.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a circuit configuration of a 6-pole synchronous motor according to another example.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Armature coil 2, 2a, 2b, 2c Sliding ring 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d Diode 4 AC power source 5a, 5b Switch 6 Housing 7a, 7b, 7c ₁ , 7c ₂ , 7d ₁ , 7d ₂ , 8a,
8b plate springs 9a, 9b nonconductive support members A, B coil segments C _1, C _2, C ₃ capacitors a, b power supply brush _{c, c 1, c 2,} d, d 1, d 2 conductive brush R resistor

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A two-pole permanent magnet rotor, a fixed armature having two coil segments A and B provided corresponding to the permanent magnet rotor so as to be operated as a synchronous motor by an AC power source, and the AC when starting. A rectifying circuit including a diode, a commutator, and a brush for alternately switching the direction of the current so as to energize the rotation of the permanent magnet rotor so as to rectify the power source and start the DC motor. When the rotation speed of the rotation speed reaches the rotation speed of the synchronous operation, in the synchronous motor that disconnects the connection of the rectifying circuit and switches to the synchronous operation by the AC power source to drive, the commutator is mounted coaxially with the rotor. A conductive sliding ring having a central angle of approximately 180 °, the brush slidingly contacting the sliding ring; And a conductive brush arranged to face each other to electrically connect the sliding ring and the coil segments A and B, respectively. motor. 2. The power supply brush b and the conductive brushes c ₁ and d ₁ , the power supply brush a and the conductive brush c ₂ ,
_2. The synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein d ₂ and said d ₂ are arranged so as to face each other. 3. A permanent magnet rotor, a fixed armature having two coil segments A and B, which are provided corresponding to the permanent magnet rotor so as to be operated as a synchronous motor by an AC power source, and the AC power source is rectified at startup. And a rectifying circuit including a diode, a commutator, and a brush for alternately switching the direction of the current so as to energize the rotation of the permanent magnet rotor so as to start up as a DC motor, and the rotation speed of the permanent magnet rotor. When the rotational speed of the synchronous operation is reached, the synchronous motor is driven by switching the synchronous operation by the AC power supply by disconnecting the connection of the rectifier circuit, wherein the commutator is attached to the rotor to rotate coaxially. A sliding ring, and the brushes are arranged so as to face each other in the circumferential direction and slidably contact the sliding ring to alternately supply power. And a conductive brush for electrically connecting the sliding ring and the coil segments A and B to each other. In order to converge the rectified current flowing in the rectifier circuit to only the coil segment A, A synchronous motor characterized in that a conductive brush connected to the coil segment B side is arranged so as to be displaced from the output balanced position so that the B side coil output is lower than the A side coil output. 4. The rotor comprises a two-pole permanent magnet, the commutator comprises a conductive sliding ring mounted coaxially with the rotor for rotation and having a central angle of approximately 180 °, and the brush comprises: , Oppositely arranged power supply brushes a and b, oppositely arranged conductive brushes c ₁ and c ₂ connected to the coil segment A, and conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ connected to the coil segment B. 4. The synchronous motor according to claim 3, wherein the brushes d ₁ and d ₂ are arranged such that the opening angle (center angle) of the brushes is not narrower than the facing positions. 5. The rotor comprises a two-pole permanent magnet, the commutator comprises a conductive sliding ring mounted coaxially with the rotor for rotation and having a central angle of approximately 180 °, and the brush comprises: , Opposing power supply brushes a and b, opposing conductive brushes c ₁ and c ₂ connected to the coil segment A, and opposing conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ connected to the coil segment B. The conductive brushes d ₁ and d ₂ are opposite to the center line connecting the conductive brushes c ₁ and c ₂ so that the current flowing through the coil segment B does not become zero when the sliding ring rotates. 4. The synchronous motor according to claim 3, wherein the synchronous motor is arranged so as to be displaced on the side by a predetermined angle. 6. The rotor comprises a four-pole permanent magnet, and the commutator has a plurality of electrically conductive sliding rings mounted coaxially with the rotor and having a central angle of about 180 °, The brush includes power supply brushes a and b that are arranged to face each other, a conductive brush c that connects to the coil segment A, and a conductive brush d that connects to the coil segment B, and the position where the conductive brush d faces the conductive brush c. The synchronous motor according to claim 3, wherein the synchronous motors are arranged so as to be offset from each other. 7. The rotor comprises an N-pole (N ≧ 6: N is an even number) permanent magnet, and the commutator is mounted coaxially with the rotor to rotate and has a central angle of approximately 360.
Having a plurality of conductive sliding rings having a degree of ° / (N / 2),
The opening angle (center angle) of the brush is 360 ° / (N /
2) The power supply brushes a and b arranged so as to satisfy the above condition, the conductive brush c connected to the coil segment A, and the opening angle connected to the coil segment B are arranged to be 360 ° / (N / 2). Conductive brushes d ₁ and d _2, and the conductive brush c is located at the center position between the conductive brushes d ₁ and d _2.
4. The synchronous motor according to claim 3, wherein the synchronous motor is arranged so as to be displaced from the facing position of the above.