JPH09131517A - Hollow fiber membrane module and method for using the same - Google Patents
Hollow fiber membrane module and method for using the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09131517A JPH09131517A JP7292842A JP29284295A JPH09131517A JP H09131517 A JPH09131517 A JP H09131517A JP 7292842 A JP7292842 A JP 7292842A JP 29284295 A JP29284295 A JP 29284295A JP H09131517 A JPH09131517 A JP H09131517A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- fiber membrane
- module
- membrane module
- filtrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- -1 backwashing Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHUFGBSGINLPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl cyanide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC1=CC=C(C(=O)C#N)C=C1Cl JHUFGBSGINLPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009295 crossflow filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- XFTALRAZSCGSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-ethenylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 XFTALRAZSCGSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/06—External membrane module supporting or fixing means
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は外圧ろ過型中空糸膜モジ
ュールに関するものであり、特に原液に浸漬して使用す
る形式の中空糸膜モジュールに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an external pressure filtration type hollow fiber membrane module, and more particularly to a hollow fiber membrane module of the type used by being immersed in a stock solution.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般の工業用液には、多くのＳＳ成分、
微粒子、ゴミ、細菌類、藻類などが含まれており、この
まま使用すると、用液配管の詰まり、細菌の増殖、ライ
ン中のスケール堆積などのトラブルを生じる原因となり
やすい。従来、これらの液中混入成分を除去するため
に、砂ろ過、凝集ろ過、凝集沈殿ろ過、カートリッジろ
過などの各種方法が用途に応じて使用されてきた。これ
らの一般ろ過法に代わる新規な手法として、最近は多孔
質の中空糸膜によるろ過が実用化され始めつつある。中
空糸膜による水処理、ろ過は、近年急速に普及し、その
適用分野も年々広くなりつつある。2. Description of the Related Art In general industrial liquids, many SS components,
It contains fine particles, dust, bacteria, algae, etc. If used as it is, it is likely to cause troubles such as clogging of the liquid pipe, bacterial growth, and scale accumulation in the line. Conventionally, various methods such as sand filtration, coagulation filtration, coagulation sedimentation filtration, and cartridge filtration have been used in order to remove these components mixed in the liquid depending on the application. As a new method replacing these general filtration methods, recently, filtration using a porous hollow fiber membrane has begun to be put into practical use. Water treatment and filtration using hollow fiber membranes have been rapidly spreading in recent years, and their fields of application are also expanding year by year.
【０００３】中空糸膜のろ過において、中空糸膜は何千
〜何万本を束に束ねた後に端部を接着剤で固定した形状
に加工され、これらは中空糸膜エレメントまたは中空糸
膜モジュールと呼ばれている。In the filtration of hollow fiber membranes, the hollow fiber membranes are processed into a shape in which thousands to tens of thousands are bundled and the ends are fixed with an adhesive, which are hollow fiber membrane elements or hollow fiber membrane modules. is called.
【０００４】液体のろ過が可能な中空糸膜ろ過装置とし
ては従来から多くの形態が提案されている。特に初期の
ものとしては、適度な前処理手段と組み合わせて使用さ
れるろ過装置、逆浸透ろ過を目的としたもの、透析用途
を目的としたものなどがあり、これらの用途を主目的と
して、多くの形態が提案されており、その主なものを挙
げると、特公昭４８−２８３８０号公報、特開昭４９−
６９５５０号公報、特開昭５３−１００１７６号公報な
どに記載されているものがある。これらは全て液体のろ
過を実施するにあたり、使い捨てあるいは汚れが一定量
以上付着した段階において、清澄水または薬液水による
洗浄やフラッシング処理を実施するのが普通であった。
これに対して最近は形状に工夫を凝らし、エアーにより
中空糸膜の性能回復を実施する方法が試みられている。
特開昭６１−２６３６０号公報は、中空糸をＵ字型に組
み込み、容器に収納して使用するものであり、定期的に
容器の下部に設けられたエアー導入口からエアーを噴出
させるエアースクラビングにより中空糸膜を振動させ、
膜面の堆積物の除去を試みるものである。また、特開昭
６０−２０６４１５号公報は、中空糸膜を中心パイプの
回りに配列させた両端固定型であり、前記同様に容器に
組み込み、エアースクラビングにより中空糸膜面の堆積
物を除去するものである。これらの技術は、既に実用化
の検討が開始されている。Many types of hollow fiber membrane filtration devices capable of filtering liquid have been proposed in the past. Especially, the initial ones include a filtration device used in combination with an appropriate pretreatment means, one for the purpose of reverse osmosis filtration, one for the purpose of dialysis, etc. However, the main ones are listed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-28380 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 49-.
69550, and JP-A-53-100176. In all of these processes, when performing liquid filtration, it is usual to carry out cleaning or flushing treatment with clear water or chemical liquid water at the stage of disposal or when a certain amount of dirt adheres.
On the other hand, recently, there has been attempted a method in which the shape of the hollow fiber membrane is recovered by using air to improve the performance of the hollow fiber membrane.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 61-26360 discloses a U-shaped hollow fiber which is used by being housed in a container, and which regularly ejects air from an air inlet provided at the bottom of the container. Vibrates the hollow fiber membrane,
This is an attempt to remove the deposits on the film surface. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-206415 is a double-end fixed type in which hollow fiber membranes are arranged around a central pipe, and is incorporated in a container in the same manner as described above, and air scrubbing removes deposits on the surface of the hollow fiber membranes. It is a thing. These technologies have already been considered for practical use.
【０００５】一方、膜処理が一般に認知されるにつれ、
種々の用途への展開が図られるようになってきた。初期
の低濁度原水・少量処理のニーズから最近では下水処理
のような高濁度原水・大量処理のニーズも出てきた。高
濁度原水の処理に関しては膜の性状の改良や、逆洗・エ
アースクラビングやその運転方法で対応が可能となって
きているが、装置面においては、現在使用中の装置がま
ったく使えなくなるケースや、巨大な圧力容器が必要に
なる場合があり、その性能に対しての初期投資が必ずし
も小さくなかった。On the other hand, as membrane treatment is generally recognized,
It has come to be expanded to various uses. From the initial needs for low turbidity raw water / small amount treatment, recently there is a need for high turbidity raw water / large amount treatment such as sewage treatment. Regarding the treatment of high turbidity raw water, it has become possible to improve the properties of the membrane, backwashing, air scrubbing and its operating method, but in terms of equipment, the equipment currently in use cannot be used at all. In some cases, a huge pressure vessel may be required, and the initial investment in its performance was not necessarily small.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の膜処理には、大
きく分けて、モジュール一本に一本のケーシングを持つ
モジュールを多数本用い配管でつないだもの、大きな容
器に多数本のモジュールを装填したものが存在した。し
かし、モジュール一本一本にケーシングを持つタイプ
は、配管が繁雑になることやケーシングが多数必要とな
るために装置製作コストに問題があった。一方、容器に
多数本のモジュールを装填するタイプは装置としては改
善されているが、通常は原水側に圧力をかけて濾過を行
なうため、巨大な圧力容器が必要となるという欠点があ
った。また、このように大量の処理を行なう場合既存の
手段の代替が多いが、膜処理では専用のケーシングや圧
力容器が必要となるために、既設の処理槽が全く無駄と
なってしまう場合が多かった。また、従来のモジュール
固定方法では水面に対して一定の位置を保つことができ
なかったため、膜面が原水につかるよう、空気抜き穴の
位置やオーバーフロー管の設置方法など、難しい問題も
出ていた。The conventional membrane treatment is roughly divided into a large number of modules each having one casing and connected by piping, and a large container is loaded with a large number of modules. There was something I did. However, the type in which each module has a casing has a problem in the device manufacturing cost due to complicated piping and a large number of casings. On the other hand, the type in which a large number of modules are loaded in a container has been improved as an apparatus, but it usually has a drawback that a huge pressure container is required because pressure is applied to the raw water side for filtration. In addition, in the case of performing such a large amount of treatment, there are many alternatives to the existing means, but in the membrane treatment, since the dedicated casing and pressure vessel are required, the existing treatment tank is often wasted at all. It was In addition, since the conventional module fixing method could not maintain a constant position with respect to the water surface, there were also difficult problems such as the position of the air vent hole and the installation method of the overflow pipe so that the membrane surface was exposed to the raw water.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは以上のよう
な問題点に対して鋭意検討を行った結果、モジュールを
処理槽内に浮遊保持し、負圧で濾過水を取り出す方式を
とることにより、専用ケーシングや圧力容器等の必要が
ないトータル設置コストの安価なモジュールを発明する
に至った。Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventors have adopted a system in which a module is suspended in a treatment tank and filtered water is taken out at a negative pressure. As a result, the inventors have invented a module that does not require a dedicated casing or a pressure vessel and has a low total installation cost.
【０００８】すなわち、外圧型の中空糸膜モジュールに
おいて、浮力を有する外圧ろ過型の中空糸膜モジュール
により本発明は基本的に達成される。That is, in the external pressure type hollow fiber membrane module, the present invention is basically achieved by the external pressure filtration type hollow fiber membrane module having buoyancy.
【０００９】本発明のモジュールでは液面付近に浮遊保
持されるため、原液槽の液面変化に応じて設置位置や運
転条件を調整する必要もなくなっている。Since the module of the present invention is held in the vicinity of the liquid surface in a floating state, it is not necessary to adjust the installation position or the operating condition according to the change in the liquid surface of the stock solution tank.
【００１０】以下、図面に基づいて本発明の中空糸膜モ
ジュールの説明をするが、本発明はこれら図面により特
に制約を受けるものではない。The hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not particularly limited by these drawings.
【００１１】図１は本発明の中空糸膜モジュールの一例
を示すものである。中空糸膜モジュールは原液槽に中空
糸膜束部５が完全につかるように浮き３により浮遊支持
されている。ろ過処理時にはろ過液取り出し口１からバ
キュームポンプまたはヘッド差による吸引等により吸引
する。原液は中空糸膜の外側から内側にろ過（外圧ろ
過）処理され、ろ過液室２に集められ、モジュール外部
へと取り出される。この図の例では中空糸膜束は上下を
接着剤で固定し、上部のみの中空糸端部を開孔させたい
わゆる片端取り出しタイプであるが、図４のように、中
空糸をＵ字型に束ね、片端のみを接着剤で固定し開孔さ
せたＵ字型タイプでもかまわない。Ｕ字型では、強度の
高い膜を用いる必要があるが、洗浄性や膜の有効利用の
点で優れている。また、両端を接着剤で固定し、両端か
らろ過液を取り出すような両端取り出しタイプでもよ
く、端部封止方式、ろ過液取り出し方式やモジュールの
上下はこの図により特に限定されるものではない。両端
を封止したタイプでは上下の端板は支柱、パイプ、筒や
ワイヤーにより連結されて中空糸膜に負担がかかるのを
防止することが多いが、中空糸膜のみで上下端板を連結
してもよい。また、中空糸膜部分の全体が液面下に位置
するようモジュールを液中に浸漬することが好ましい
が、中空糸膜の一部分が液中に浸漬されている状態で使
用しても差し支えない。FIG. 1 shows an example of the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention. The hollow fiber membrane module is floatingly supported by the float 3 so that the hollow fiber membrane bundle portion 5 is completely attached to the stock solution tank. At the time of filtration processing, suction is performed from the filtrate outlet 1 by a vacuum pump or suction by a head difference. The stock solution is filtered from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane (external pressure filtration), collected in the filtrate chamber 2, and taken out of the module. In the example of this figure, the hollow fiber membrane bundle is a so-called single-end extraction type in which the upper and lower sides are fixed with an adhesive and only the upper end of the hollow fiber is opened, but as shown in FIG. 4, the hollow fibers are U-shaped. It is also possible to use a U-shaped type that is bundled together and fixed at one end only with an adhesive to make holes. In the U-shape, it is necessary to use a high-strength film, but it is excellent in cleaning properties and effective use of the film. Moreover, both ends may be fixed so that both ends are fixed with an adhesive and the filtrate is taken out from both ends. The end sealing method, the filtrate taking method, and the top and bottom of the module are not particularly limited by this figure. In the type with both ends sealed, the upper and lower end plates are often connected by columns, pipes, cylinders, or wires to prevent the hollow fiber membrane from being overloaded, but the hollow fiber membranes only connect the upper and lower end plates. May be. Further, it is preferable to immerse the module in the liquid so that the entire hollow fiber membrane portion is located below the liquid surface, but the module may be used in a state where a part of the hollow fiber membrane is immersed in the liquid.
【００１２】また、図１のように膜がケーシングされて
いないモジュールを直接液槽につける浸漬型の方が簡便
で好ましい。もちろん、必要に応じて、膜を肉眼で見え
る程度の穴の空いたカバーやネットを設けて膜を保護し
たり、輪状若しくは綱状部材などで膜を束ねたり保持し
たりすることも差し支えない。Further, the immersion type in which a module having no membrane casing as shown in FIG. 1 is directly attached to the liquid tank is simple and preferable. Of course, if necessary, the membrane may be provided with a cover or a net having holes that are visible to the naked eye to protect the membrane, or the membrane may be bound or held by a ring-shaped or rope-shaped member.
【００１３】図２は本発明の別の一例を示す図である。
この例ではモジュール内にエアー導入口７、エアー導入
管９、エアー噴出口８が備えられており、エアースクラ
ビング洗浄を行なうことができる構造となっている。エ
アー噴出口の場所などは特にこの図により限定されるも
のではなく、エアースクラビング洗浄が十分に行なえる
ならば特に場所・数は問わない。また、上部にエア排出
用の孔またはスリットを持つ筒や鎧戸状の部材を配設
し、エアを中空糸膜付近に導き、エアスクラビング揺動
性の向上を図る場合もある。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another example of the present invention.
In this example, an air introduction port 7, an air introduction pipe 9 and an air ejection port 8 are provided in the module, which has a structure capable of performing air scrubbing cleaning. The location of the air ejection port is not particularly limited by this figure, and the location and number are not particularly limited as long as the air scrubbing cleaning can be sufficiently performed. In some cases, a cylinder having a hole or slit for discharging air or an armor-like member is arranged in the upper part to guide the air to the vicinity of the hollow fiber membrane to improve the air scrubbing swingability.
【００１４】図３は本発明のさらに別の一例で、複数の
中空糸膜モジュールを一体にしてシステム化を図ったモ
ジュールの例である。FIG. 3 is still another example of the present invention, which is an example of a module in which a plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules are integrated into a system.
【００１５】本発明の中空糸膜モジュールは、多孔質中
空糸膜の束をろ過材として使用したろ過用素子であれ
ば、形式は問わない。エアースクラビングによる洗浄が
できるものが本発明の効果を最大限に発揮することがで
きるが、洗浄ができない使い捨て構造の物であっても良
い。好ましい中空糸膜モジュールの形状については、多
数の中空糸膜をＵ字型に束ね、反対側端部を接着剤でシ
ールした後に、この接着シール部の両端を切断により中
空糸膜を開孔させた構造である。The hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention may be of any type as long as it is a filtration element using a bundle of porous hollow fiber membranes as a filtering material. The thing which can be cleaned by the air scrubbing can maximize the effect of the present invention, but it may be a disposable structure which cannot be cleaned. Regarding the preferred shape of the hollow fiber membrane module, a large number of hollow fiber membranes are bundled in a U shape, the opposite end portions are sealed with an adhesive, and then both ends of the adhesive seal portion are cut to open the hollow fiber membranes. It has a different structure.
【００１６】本発明に使用する中空糸膜モジュールを構
成する中空糸膜素材としては、多孔質の中空糸膜であれ
ば特に限定しないが、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、
ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリビニルアル
コール、セルロースアセテート、ポリアクリロニトリ
ル、その他の材質を選択することができる。The hollow fiber membrane material constituting the hollow fiber membrane module used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a porous hollow fiber membrane, but polyethylene, polypropylene,
Polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, and other materials can be selected.
【００１７】この中で特に好ましい中空糸膜素材として
は、アクリロニトリルを少なくとも一成分とする重合体
からなる中空糸膜が適当である。アクリロニトリル系重
合体の中でも最も好ましいものとしては、アクリロニト
リルを少なくとも５０モル％以上、好ましくは６０モル
％以上と該アクリロニトリルに対して共重合性を有する
ビニル化合物一種または二種以上を５０モル％以下、好
ましくは０〜４０モル％とからなるアクリロニトリル系
重合体である。また、これらアクリロニトリル系重合体
二種以上、さらに他の重合体との混合物でも良い。上記
ビニル化合物としては、アクリロニトリルに対して共重
合性を有する公知の化合物であればよく、特に限定され
ないが、好ましい共重合体成分としては、アクリル酸、
イタコン酸、アクリル酸メチル、酢酸ビニル、アリルス
ルホン酸ソーダー、ｐ−スチレンスルホン酸ソーダー等
を例示することができる。中空糸膜の孔径としては限外
ろ過膜から精密ろ過膜の１μｍ程度がよく、特に０．０
１μｍから１μｍが好ましい。また、膜表面の細孔の形
状としては円形、楕円形、スリット状が適当である。Among these, a particularly preferable hollow fiber membrane material is a hollow fiber membrane made of a polymer containing at least one component of acrylonitrile. The most preferable acrylonitrile-based polymer is at least 50 mol% or more of acrylonitrile, preferably 60 mol% or more, and 50 mol% or less of one or more vinyl compounds having copolymerizability with the acrylonitrile. It is preferably an acrylonitrile polymer composed of 0 to 40 mol%. Further, a mixture of two or more of these acrylonitrile-based polymers and further a mixture with another polymer may be used. The vinyl compound may be any known compound having copolymerizability with acrylonitrile, and is not particularly limited, but as a preferred copolymer component, acrylic acid,
Examples thereof include itaconic acid, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, sodium allyl sulfonate, sodium p-styrene sulfonate, and the like. The pore diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is preferably about 1 μm from the ultrafiltration membrane to the microfiltration membrane, especially 0.0
1 μm to 1 μm is preferable. Further, as the shape of the pores on the surface of the film, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or a slit shape is suitable.
【００１８】他に好ましい中空糸膜素材としては、エチ
レンプロピレンまたは４メチルペンテンなどの単独また
は二種以上のオレフィン系重合体からなり、中空糸膜形
状として表面に長径０．１〜１μｍ、短径０．０５〜
０．５μｍのスリット状の細孔を有する物が適当であ
る。Another preferred hollow fiber membrane material is a single or two or more kinds of olefin polymers such as ethylene propylene or 4-methylpentene, and has a hollow fiber membrane shape with a major axis of 0.1 to 1 μm and a minor axis. 0.05 ~
A material having 0.5 μm slit-shaped pores is suitable.
【００１９】本発明の浮力生成手段としては、中空構造
をもつ樹脂または金属製の浮きや、木材や発泡フォーム
などの処理液体より比重の小さい部材、袋状のゴムやビ
ニールシートの中に空気などの気体を封入した部材、船
状またはお椀状の部材のように排斥した液の容積分の浮
力を得る方式の部材、あるいはそれらの組み合わせなど
浮力を生成できるものであれば、その方法は問わない。
また、形状については球形の浮きを３〜４こ用いた形で
も良いし、モジュール頭部をとりまくようなドーナツ状
の形状でも良く、複数のモジュールを連結したタイプの
モジュールでは、その連結部材を浮力生成部材で構成し
ても良い。また、該浮きによりモジュール同士がぶつか
ることがあっても膜を傷つけるなどの障害が発生しにく
いという利点も有する。更に、場合によってはモジュー
ル内に浮力を有する材料または構造を有していても良
い。浮力発生手段は、モジュールが普通の使用状態で上
方になる側の端部付近に設置することが好ましい。さら
に、モジュールが液体中に浮いた状態で、垂直に近い状
態で姿勢が保持されることが好ましい。そのために、必
要に応じて、モジュール下部に重りを設けても良い。As the buoyancy generating means of the present invention, a resin or metal float having a hollow structure, a member having a smaller specific gravity than a treated liquid such as wood or foam, a bag-shaped rubber or vinyl sheet having air or the like. Any method can be used as long as it can generate buoyancy, such as a member enclosing the gas, a ship-shaped or bowl-shaped member that obtains buoyancy corresponding to the volume of the liquid that is repelled, or a combination thereof. .
In addition, regarding the shape, 3 to 4 spherical floats may be used, or a donut shape surrounding the module head may be used. In a module of a type in which a plurality of modules are connected, the connecting member has a buoyancy force. You may comprise with a production | generation member. Further, even if the modules collide with each other due to the floating, there is an advantage that a trouble such as a film damage is less likely to occur. Further, in some cases, the material or structure having buoyancy may be included in the module. The buoyancy generating means is preferably installed near the end on the side where the module is on the upper side in a normal use state. Further, it is preferable that the posture of the module is maintained in a state close to vertical while the module is floating in the liquid. Therefore, a weight may be provided at the bottom of the module, if necessary.
【００２０】液体を抜いた状態で、モジュールを垂直に
立てた状態に保つことが困難な場合、上方よりワイヤー
を釣って補助してやったり、液槽内に補助的な構造材な
どを設けても良いが、図４のようにモジュール下部に脚
を設ける方が簡便で好ましい。When it is difficult to keep the module in a vertical state with the liquid removed, it is possible to catch a wire from above to assist, or an auxiliary structural material may be provided in the liquid tank. However, it is simpler and preferable to provide the legs at the bottom of the module as shown in FIG.
【００２１】中空糸膜ろ過装置のろ過運転では供給液の
全量ろ過が一般的であるが、供給液の一部を排出するク
ロスフロー濾過の操作を行ってもいっこうに差し支えな
い。また、必要に応じて流量コントロール設備、圧力コ
ントロール設備、自動洗浄装置を取り付けることも可能
である。また、中空糸膜の洗浄についてはエアースクラ
ビングによる手法が望ましいが、濾過液または清澄液に
よる中空糸膜の２次側から１次側への逆方向通液（逆
洗）、薬品液による薬液洗浄を行うことも問題ない。In the filtration operation of the hollow fiber membrane filtering device, the total amount of the feed liquid is generally filtered, but a cross-flow filtration operation for discharging a part of the feed liquid may be performed. If necessary, flow rate control equipment, pressure control equipment, and automatic cleaning equipment can be installed. For cleaning the hollow fiber membrane, an air scrubbing method is desirable, but reverse filtration (backwashing) from the secondary side to the primary side of the hollow fiber membrane with a filtered liquid or a clarifying liquid, a chemical liquid cleaning with a chemical liquid. There is no problem in doing.
【００２２】処理対象液体としては、何等限定されるも
のではないが災害時にプールなどの飲料に好ましくない
水を濾過することが特に好適な例として挙げられる。そ
の他、下水処理の活性汚泥処理のばっ気槽に適用したり
工業用水を得るために河川又は湖沼水を精密、限外濾過
したり、あるいは工業廃水の清浄化することもできる。The liquid to be treated is not particularly limited, but a particularly preferable example is filtration of undesired water for drinks such as pools in the event of a disaster. In addition, it can be applied to an aeration tank of activated sludge treatment of sewage treatment, or can be subjected to precision or ultrafiltration of river or lake water to obtain industrial water, or can be used to purify industrial wastewater.
【００２３】[0023]
実施例１ 図４に示すように直径300mm 、高さ1,500mm のアクリル
製の原水槽に中空糸膜モジュールを浸漬し、ろ過実験を
行った。原水は濁度８の琵琶湖湖水を用い、レベルスイ
ッチと電磁弁によりろ過による原水槽水位の低下を自動
的に補うようにした。中空糸膜モジュールは、ドーナツ
状の中空構造の樹脂製浮きを有し、Ｕ字型糸束の上部は
封止固定され、Ｕ字屈曲部分はモジュール中心に軸方向
にのびる糸束支持兼散気パイプによりモジュール下部で
支持されている。散気パイプはＵ字屈曲部付近に散気孔
を持っており、常時散気、間欠散気を行った。処理水は
1,500mm のヘッドを利用してモジュール上部からチュー
ブで外部に抜き出し、電磁弁を用いて常時または間欠抜
き出しを行った。Example 1 As shown in FIG. 4, a hollow fiber membrane module was immersed in an acrylic raw water tank having a diameter of 300 mm and a height of 1,500 mm, and a filtration experiment was conducted. The raw water used was Lake Biwa lake water with a turbidity of 8, and the level switch and solenoid valve were used to automatically compensate for the drop in the raw water tank water level due to filtration. The hollow fiber membrane module has a resin-made float with a donut-shaped hollow structure, the upper part of the U-shaped yarn bundle is sealed and fixed, and the U-shaped bent portion extends along the axis of the module in the axial direction to support and diffuse air. It is supported at the bottom of the module by a pipe. The air diffuser has air diffuser holes near the U-shaped bent portion, and constantly and intermittently diffused air. The treated water is
A 1,500 mm head was used to pull out the tube from the top of the module to the outside, and a solenoid valve was used to constantly or intermittently pull out.
【００２４】実験運転で、レベルスイッチによる水位補
正や抜き出し量および散気量により水面の変化が200mm
程度あったが、中空糸膜モジュールの構造上中空糸膜部
分は恒に水中にあり、膜面積全てを有効にろ過に使うこ
とができ、得られた処理水は濁度０．０７であった。ま
た、５時間運転後、濃縮された原水槽内の液を全て排出
したが、モジュールには自立する脚が設けられているた
め、排水された原水槽内にモジュールが自立しており、
中空糸を傷つけることはなかった。In the experimental operation, the water level changes by the level switch and the change of the water surface is 200 mm due to the withdrawal amount and the air diffusion amount.
However, due to the structure of the hollow fiber membrane module, the hollow fiber membrane portion was always in water, and the entire membrane area could be effectively used for filtration, and the obtained treated water had a turbidity of 0.07. . Also, after operating for 5 hours, all the liquid in the concentrated raw water tank was discharged, but since the module has legs to stand by itself, the module is self-supporting in the drained raw water tank,
It did not damage the hollow fiber.
【００２５】実施例２ 直径１ｍ、高さ1.5 ｍのポリエチレン製の原水槽に本発
明の中空糸モジュール７本を６角形の頂点と中心になる
ように発泡ウレタンフォームで組んで一つのモジュール
ユニットとし、タンクに浮遊させた。モジュールユニッ
トは散気管をその下部に有しており、処理水は７本分を
まとめて減圧ポンプで吸引した。Example 2 Seven hollow fiber modules of the present invention were assembled in a raw water tank made of polyethylene having a diameter of 1 m and a height of 1.5 m with urethane foam so as to be centered on the apex of a hexagon to form one module unit. , Floated in the tank. The module unit has an air diffusing tube in the lower part thereof, and the treated water was sucked together by 7 units with a decompression pump.
【００２６】同処理量を得る通常のタイプのモジュール
ユニットと比較して耐圧性のタンクは必要でなく、運転
は実施例１と同様に運転することができた。A pressure resistant tank is not required as compared with a normal type module unit which obtains the same throughput, and the operation can be performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
【００２７】実施例３ 実施例２と同様本発明の中空糸モジュール７本を６角形
の頂点と中心になるよう発泡ウレタンフォームで組んで
一つのモジュールユニットとした。処理水取り出しは自
吸式のエンジンポンプを用いた。このモジュールユニッ
トを水泳用のプールに浮遊させ、ろ過実験を行った。Example 3 As in Example 2, seven hollow fiber modules of the present invention were assembled with urethane foam so that the vertices of the hexagon were centered to form one module unit. The treated water was taken out using a self-priming engine pump. This module unit was suspended in a swimming pool and a filtration experiment was conducted.
【００２８】専用の処理液槽などの容器が無くても中空
糸膜モジュールの特徴を活かして簡便に濁度０．０６と
高品質の処理水を得ることができた。By utilizing the characteristics of the hollow fiber membrane module, it was possible to easily obtain high-quality treated water with a turbidity of 0.06 without using a container such as a dedicated treatment liquid tank.
【００２９】[0029]
【発明の効果】本発明により、膜処理装置では従来ほと
んどの場合に必要とされたケーシングや圧力容器、原液
槽内でのモジュール固定部材などが必要とされないた
め、膜処理装置のコストを低く押さえることができ、ま
た、原液槽にモジュールを固定する必要がないことか
ら、設備の柔軟性も向上し、災害時などの非常用にも供
用できる。また、従来膜面が液面下になるように工夫し
て設置されていたエアー抜きやオーバーフロー口の必要
もなくなり、原液の液位の変化に対してもその構造上自
動的に調整される。浮力生成手段として浮きをモジュー
ル周りに配設した場合にはモジュール同士があたり、中
空糸膜が損傷することも防ぐことができる。According to the present invention, the membrane processing apparatus does not require a casing, a pressure vessel, a module fixing member in the stock solution tank, etc., which are conventionally required in most cases, so that the cost of the membrane processing apparatus can be kept low. In addition, since it is not necessary to fix the module to the stock solution tank, the flexibility of the equipment is improved, and it can be used for emergency such as in case of disaster. Further, the need for an air vent or an overflow port, which was conventionally devised so that the membrane surface is below the liquid level, is eliminated, and changes in the liquid level of the stock solution are automatically adjusted due to its structure. When the float is arranged around the module as the buoyancy generating means, it is possible to prevent the modules from hitting each other and damaging the hollow fiber membrane.
【図１】 ドーナツ状の浮きを用いた本発明の中空糸膜
モジュールの断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention using a donut-shaped float.
【図２】 スクラビング用気体噴出孔を備えた本発明の
中空糸膜濾過装置の図である。FIG. 2 is a view of a hollow fiber membrane filtering device of the present invention having scrubbing gas ejection holes.
【図３】 複数の中空糸膜モジュールから構成された本
発明の中空糸膜濾過装置の図である。FIG. 3 is a view of a hollow fiber membrane filtering device of the present invention composed of a plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules.
【図４】 実施例１の装置（Ｕ字型、脚付き）の図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a diagram of the device of Example 1 (U-shaped, with legs).
１：濾過液取り出し口 ２：濾過液室 ３：浮き ４：上部接着剤層 ５：中空糸膜束 ６：下部接着剤層 ７：エアー供給口 ８：エアー噴出口 ９：エアー導入管 １０：中空糸膜モジュール １１：脚 １２：原液ライン １３：散気用エアライン １４：処理液ライン １５：レベルスイッチ 1: Filtrate outlet port 2: Filtrate chamber 3: Float 4: Upper adhesive layer 5: Hollow fiber membrane bundle 6: Lower adhesive layer 7: Air supply port 8: Air ejection port 9: Air introduction pipe 10: Hollow Fiber membrane module 11: legs 12: stock solution line 13: air diffuser line 14: processing solution line 15: level switch
Claims (11)
を有する中空糸膜モジュール1. A hollow fiber membrane module having buoyancy in water at least in use.
項１の中空糸膜モジュール。2. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 1, which is an external pressure filtration type.
出孔を備えた請求項１の中空糸膜モジュール。3. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 1, wherein a scrubbing gas ejection hole is provided in a lower portion of the module.
をもつ請求項１の中空糸膜モジュール。4. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 1, which has legs for preventing damage to the hollow fiber membrane when the stock solution is drained.
徴とする請求項１の中空糸膜モジュールの使用方法。5. The method for using the hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 1, wherein the filtrate is sucked by a suction pump.
で取り出すことを特徴とする請求項１の中空糸膜モジュ
ールの使用方法。6. The method for using the hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 1, wherein the filtrate is taken out by a siphon mechanism of the stock solution and the filtrate.
態であることを特徴とする請求項１の中空糸膜モジュー
ル。7. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 1, which has a form in which a plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules are assembled.
の中空糸膜モジュール。8. A floating structure according to claim 1.
Hollow fiber membrane module.
膜モジュール。9. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 3, which has a member for guiding a gas.
の孔を持つ筒であることを特徴とする請求項９の中空糸
膜モジュール。10. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 9, wherein the member for guiding the gas is a cylinder having a hole for discharging gas in the lower portion.
に浮かべて濾過することを特徴とする中空糸膜モジュー
ルの使用方法。11. A method of using a hollow fiber membrane module, which comprises floating the hollow fiber membrane module of claim 1 in a liquid and filtering the liquid.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7292842A JPH09131517A (en) | 1995-11-10 | 1995-11-10 | Hollow fiber membrane module and method for using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7292842A JPH09131517A (en) | 1995-11-10 | 1995-11-10 | Hollow fiber membrane module and method for using the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09131517A true JPH09131517A (en) | 1997-05-20 |
Family
ID=17787077
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7292842A Pending JPH09131517A (en) | 1995-11-10 | 1995-11-10 | Hollow fiber membrane module and method for using the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09131517A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20000025870A (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-05-06 | 조민호 | Cartridge with flushing structure of hollow fiber membrane for water treatment apparatus |
| KR100371484B1 (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2003-02-06 | 최도문 | The method of making bio-membrane of dispersive type consist of porrous resin fiber |
| KR100406735B1 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2003-11-21 | 코오롱건설주식회사 | Membrane module in waste water disposal plant |
| JP2006167566A (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Method of assembling hollow fiber membrane module |
| JP2008110307A (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-15 | Meidensha Corp | Membrane module |
| JP4751483B2 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2011-08-17 | シャンハイ リトリー ピューリファイング イクイップメント シーオー．，エルティディー． | Filter with shaft-type immersion hollow fiber membrane module |
| WO2012176974A1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | 대웅이엔에스 (주) | Floating filter module, and water treatment apparatus and method using same |
| JP2017104779A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-15 | 株式会社クボタ | Membrane separator and membrane separation facility |
| JP2017104780A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-15 | 株式会社クボタ | Conversion method and renewal method of biological treatment apparatus |
-
1995
- 1995-11-10 JP JP7292842A patent/JPH09131517A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20000025870A (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-05-06 | 조민호 | Cartridge with flushing structure of hollow fiber membrane for water treatment apparatus |
| KR100371484B1 (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2003-02-06 | 최도문 | The method of making bio-membrane of dispersive type consist of porrous resin fiber |
| KR100406735B1 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2003-11-21 | 코오롱건설주식회사 | Membrane module in waste water disposal plant |
| JP2006167566A (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Method of assembling hollow fiber membrane module |
| JP2008110307A (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-15 | Meidensha Corp | Membrane module |
| JP4751483B2 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2011-08-17 | シャンハイ リトリー ピューリファイング イクイップメント シーオー．，エルティディー． | Filter with shaft-type immersion hollow fiber membrane module |
| WO2012176974A1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | 대웅이엔에스 (주) | Floating filter module, and water treatment apparatus and method using same |
| CN103502157A (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2014-01-08 | 大雄生态方案株式会社 | Floating filter module, and water treatment apparatus and method using same |
| JP2017104779A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-15 | 株式会社クボタ | Membrane separator and membrane separation facility |
| JP2017104780A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-15 | 株式会社クボタ | Conversion method and renewal method of biological treatment apparatus |
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