JPH0894189A - Solar energy collecting device combinedly used for melting snow on roof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To restrain the temperature rise of a solar battery and maintain a high conversion efficiency by a method wherein upper and lower headers, collecting and distributing heat medium for heat collecting tubes, are connected to the upper and lower ends of heat collecting tubes arranged in a space between a solar battery module and a roof bed while a low-temperature heat storage tank and a pump are connected to the upper and lower headers. CONSTITUTION: A multitude of pieces of heat collecting (dissipating) tubes 3 are arranged in a space between a solar battery module 4 and the roof bed 17 through spacers 10 in parallel to the flow direction of the roof so as to cover the whole of the space 24. The heat collecting (dissipating) tubes 3 collect or dissipate heat with respect to air in the space 24 through heat medium, circulating in the tubes. An upper header 1 and a lower header 2, collecting and distributing the heat medium to respective heat collecting (dissipating) tubes respectively, are connected to the upper and lower ends of the heat collecting (dissipating) tubes 3 perpendicularly. Further, at least one end of the upper and lower headers 1, 2 are connected respectively to a low-temperature heat storage tank 18 and a pump 21 through a connecting pipe 23 to constitute a heat medium circulating circuit.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar energy collecting apparatus for roof snow melting which simultaneously collects electric energy and thermal energy from sunlight and also serves as roof snow melting during snowfall.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the conventional solar system, the heat conversion efficiency is lowered due to the generation of heat. Therefore, in order to suppress the temperature rise of the solar cell that lowers the conversion efficiency, there is a solar cell in which a ventilation layer is provided on the back surface of the solar cell to ventilate and exhaust heat. Further, in order to suppress the temperature rise of the solar cell and at the same time collect thermal energy, there is a solar cell equipped with a heat exchanger on the back surface.

[0003]

However, in the ventilation method using the ventilation layer, since the volume ratio of air is extremely small, a sufficient cooling effect is expected in the season (summer) when the amount of solar radiation is high and the temperature is high. In addition, it is not possible to use a heat exchanger mounted on the back surface of the solar cell, which is disadvantageous in that the manufacturing cost is high and therefore the economy is not accompanied.

[0004]

In order to eliminate such drawbacks, the present invention provides a solar cell comprising a solar cell, a vertical module frame, and a horizontal module frame laid on a roof substrate through support rails. The module, the collecting (discharging) heat pipe arranged via a spacer in the space between the solar cell module and the roof substrate, and the heating medium of the collecting (discharging) heat pipe connected to the upper and lower ends of the collecting (discharging) heat pipe. It is connected to the upper and lower header pipes, the low temperature heat storage tank and pump connected to the upper and lower header pipes with a connecting pipe, the high temperature heat storage tank connected to the low temperature heat storage tank via a heat pump, and the high temperature heat storage tank. A solar energy collecting device for roof snow melting is also constructed from the auxiliary boiler that collects thermal energy while suppressing the temperature rise of the solar cell while maintaining a high conversion efficiency. To propose an inexpensive and easy to install construction and maintenance of roof snow melting combined solar energy collection device for removing melted it is an object of the present invention.

[0005]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above,
Part of the air in the space that has been warmed by the heat of the solar cell and the module frame and created buoyancy is deprived of heat by the heat medium that circulates in the heat collecting tube while moving upward along the back surface of the solar cell. It cools and becomes heavier and moves downwards along the roof substrate surface, thus causing natural convection of air in the space. Due to the natural convection of air, the heat transfer in the space smoothly progresses, and the heat conduction resistance of the back surface of the solar cell and the surface of the heat collecting tube becomes small. Therefore, the solar cell moves to the heat collecting tube through the air. Heat is efficiently transferred. or,
When there is snow, it is possible to melt the snow by circulating hot water through the collecting (discharging) heat pipe to heat the solar cell module.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a roof snow melting and solar energy collecting apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an example in which the present invention is laid on a roof,
2 is a cross-sectional view of the roof snow melting and solar energy collecting device taken along the line AA of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the device taken along the line BB of FIG.

Reference numerals 1 and 2 respectively denote an upper header tube and a lower header tube for collecting and delivering a heat medium to and from each collecting (discharging) heat pipe, which are composed of a plastic pipe, a flexible stainless steel pipe, a copper pipe, etc. 3 are connected to the upper and lower ends at right angles. At least one end of each of the upper and lower header pipes 1 and 2 is connected to the low temperature heat storage tank 18 and the pump 21 with a connection pipe 23 to form a heat medium circulation circuit.

Reference numeral 3 denotes a heat collecting (discharging) heat pipe, and a spacer 10 is provided in the space between the solar cell module 4 and the roof substrate 17.
A large number of groups, for example, a large number of groups, for example, 4 to 5 groups, are arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the roof through the space so as to cover the entire space 24 in parallel with the roof flow direction. The heat medium circulating inside collects or radiates heat from the air in the space 24. The collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3 may be made of plastic, but is made of a flexible material such as a stainless steel pipe or a copper pipe having a flexible structure so that the horizontal module frame 7 can be hidden as shown in FIG. Is desirable.

A vertical module frame 6 is composed of two members as shown in FIG.
The solar cell 5 is located on the upper side of and sandwiches the solar cell 5 from the left and right with respect to the flow direction of the roof.

Reference numeral 7 denotes a horizontal module frame, which is composed of two members, a lower member 7a and an upper member 7b, as shown in FIG. 6, and holds the solar cell 5 from above and below in the flow direction of the roof. is there. A draining piece 7c is provided from the upper portion of the lower member 7a so as to cover the upper member 7b to enhance waterproofness.

As shown in FIG. 4, the spacer 10 has a flat plate-shaped fixing portion 10a whose longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the flow direction of the roof, and a collecting (discharging) heat tube 3 per group from the upper surface of the fixing portion 10a. The rising portions 10b vertically projecting at the same pitch as the number of the rising portions 10b, and the groove-shaped (heating) heat pipe supporting portion 10c provided at the tip of the rising portions 10b. The fixing portion 10a is fixed to the base plate 15 by a fixing tool such as a nail.
It is for fixing the spacer 10 on the top, the rising portion 10b is for maintaining the collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3 above the space 24, and the collecting (discharging) heat pipe support portion 10c is a groove shape. The heat collecting tube 3 is sandwiched between the heat collecting tubes 3 by forming the heat collecting tube 3 into the heat collecting tube 3.

The area of the collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3 sandwiched by the collecting (discharging) heat pipe supporting portions 10c is as small as possible in view of the efficiency of the collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3. Is desirable. The spacer 10 holds the heat collecting (discharging) heat pipes 3 above the space 24 while keeping the space between the heat collecting (discharging) heat pipes 3 and the roof underlayer 17, and has a pitch enough to maintain the heat collecting (discharging) heat pipes 3 above the space 24. The collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3 is supported.

Reference numeral 11 is a rafter, 12 is a heat insulating material, 13 is a metal plate to be provided in some cases, 14 is a waterproof sheet, 15 is a ground plate,
16 is a main building. Further, the waterproof sheet 14 provided on the surface of the base plate 15 is for strengthening the prevention of the infiltration of water into the roof base 17. In addition, the metal plate 13 is further roofed in the region where it is obligatory to use non-combustible material due to fire prevention regulations.

Reference numeral 17 is a roof substrate, and 4 is a solar cell module continuously spread so as to also serve as a roofing material. The solar cell module 4 comprises a solar cell 5, a vertical module frame 6 and a horizontal module frame 7,
It is fixed on the roof substrate 17 via a support rail 9 having a height corresponding to the height of the vertical module frame 6, and a detachable waterproof packing 8 is attached to a joint between adjacent vertical module frames 6. Has been done. By making the waterproof packing 8 removable, maintenance after construction is facilitated and replacement of the solar cell 5 in the event of damage or the like is facilitated.

The low temperature heat storage tank 18 is connected to a high temperature heat storage tank 19 by a heat pump 20, and the high temperature heat storage tank 19 is further connected to an auxiliary boiler 22. The medium used on the high temperature heat storage tank 19 side is, for example, tap water, which can be used as daily life water while supplementing the amount of lost water.

Next, the operation in the solar energy collecting operation will be described. Part of the air in the space 24 that has been warmed by the heat of the solar cell 5 and the vertical and horizontal module frames 6 and 7 and generated buoyancy moves upward along the back surface of the solar cell 5 and inside (collecting) the heat pipe 3. Since the heat medium that circulates in the space 24 takes away heat, it is cooled, becomes heavy, and moves downward along the surface of the roof substrate 17, so that natural convection of air occurs in the space 24. Due to the natural convection of air, the heat transfer in the space 24 proceeds smoothly, and the heat conduction resistance of the back surface of the solar cell 5 and the surface of the collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3 decreases, so that the solar cell 5 passes through the air. Heat is efficiently conducted to the collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3. Further, the inside of the low temperature heat storage tank 18 is constantly cooled by the heat pump 20, and the heat medium flows into the heat collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3 at a temperature equal to or lower than the outside air temperature, so that heat can be collected more efficiently.

Next, the operation in the roof snow melting operation will be described. The heat medium in the low temperature heat storage tank 18 is heated by the switching operation of the heat pump 20, and the heated heat medium is circulated to the collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3 to warm the solar cell module 4 from the back surface. At this time, heat is supplied to the high temperature heat storage tank 19 from the auxiliary boiler 22. Since the surface of the solar cell 5 is made of glass and the frictional force is extremely small, when the snow melt starts flowing on the surface of the solar cell 5, the snowfall slides down, and a small amount of energy enables quick snow removal.

The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention. When it is desired to obtain high temperature water, the solar cell module 4
The uppermost part is about 1 m, only the glass is not attached to the solar cell 5, or the number of the collecting (discharging) heat tubes 3 is further increased in order to improve the ability of collecting and dissipating the collecting (discharging) heat tubes 3.
A copper tube with fins is used as the heat collecting tube 3 or an aluminum foil of 100 to 200 μ is attached to the back surface of the solar cell 5, and the heat of the panel is collected from the aluminum foil through an aluminum rail. It can also be conducted to the heat tube 3.

[0019]

According to the roof snow melting and solar energy collecting apparatus of the present invention as described above, extremely efficient heat collection can be performed with a simple apparatus. Since the increase in equipment cost is suppressed and the roof snow melting function is performed by simultaneously performing solar power generation and solar heat collection, the equipment cost is further reduced because it operates effectively throughout the year. Since the surface of the solar cell is made of glass and the frictional force is extremely small, there is a risk that a large amount of snow will fall off at once due to a slight stimulus such as wind in an ordinary solar system without a snow melting device. However, according to the present invention, such an accident can be prevented because it is possible to always melt snow with a small amount of energy. Solar power generation and solar heat collection 2
Without the discomfort of installing different types of devices separately,
It will be a device that can simultaneously perform solar power generation and solar heat collection with excellent appearance. There are characteristics and effects.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a roof snow melting and solar energy collecting device according to the present invention formed on a roof.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a spacer used in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a vertical module frame used in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a horizontal module frame used in the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Upper Header Tube 2 Lower Header Tube 3 Collection (Emission) Heat Tube 4 Solar Cell Module 5 Solar Cell 6 Vertical Module Frame 7 Horizontal Module Frame 7a Lower Member 7b Upper Member 7c Drainer 8 Waterproof Packing 9 Support Rail 10 Spacer 10a Fixed Part 10b Start-up part 10c Collection (discharging) heat pipe support part 11 Rafter 12 Insulation material 13 Metal plate 14 Waterproof sheet 15 Field plate 16 Purlin 17 Roof base 18 Low temperature heat storage tank 19 High temperature heat storage tank 20 Heat pump 21 Pump 22 Auxiliary boiler 23 Connection pipe 24 Space

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] October 17, 1994

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0002

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A solar cell produces an output current as the temperature rises.
Increase, but the output voltage decreases further and the conversion efficiency increases.
Decrease . Therefore, in order to suppress the temperature rise of the solar cell that lowers the conversion efficiency, there is a solar cell in which a ventilation layer is provided on the back surface of the solar cell to ventilate and exhaust heat. Also, in order to suppress the temperature rise of the solar cell while collecting thermal energy at the same time,
For example, there is one in which a heat exchanger is attached to the back surface of a solar cell.

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0003

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[0003]

[SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION However, in the ventilation method of the ventilation layer, since the volume ratio heat air is very small, many solar radiation, is sufficient Naru cooling effect on becomes higher season (summer) temperatures expected In addition, it is not possible to use a heat exchanger mounted on the back surface of the solar cell, which is disadvantageous in that the manufacturing cost is high and therefore the economy is not accompanied.

[Procedure 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0005

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[0005]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above,
Part of the air in the space that has been warmed by the heat of the solar cell and the module frame and created buoyancy is deprived of heat by the heat medium that circulates in the heat collecting tube while moving upward along the back surface of the solar cell. It cools and becomes heavier and moves downwards along the roof substrate surface, thus causing natural convection of air in the space. With the natural convection of the air heat transfer space proceeds smoothly, for thermal transduction resistance of the back and the heat collector tube surface of the solar cell is reduced, through the air from the solar cell current (discharge) to the heat pipe efficient heat transfer it is made with. or,
When there is snow, it is possible to melt the snow by circulating hot water through the collecting (discharging) heat pipe to heat the solar cell module.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0007

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[0007] 1 and 2 are heat medium to each collecting (radiating) heat pipe
The upper header pipe and the lower header pipe that collect and deliver the body., Collection
(Discharge) The upper and lower ends of the heat pipe 3 are connected at right angles.
It At least one end of each of the upper and lower header tubes 1 and 2
The connection pipe 23 is connected to the low temperature heat storage tank 18 and the pump 21.
They are connected together to form a heat medium circulation circuit.

[Procedure Amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0008

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Reference numeral 3 denotes a heat collecting (discharging) heat pipe, and a spacer 10 is provided in the space between the solar cell module 4 and the roof substrate 17.
Via the parallel multiplicity of the flow direction of the roof, for example, multiple groups 4-5 present as one group, so as to cover the entire space 24, which is disposed parallel to the flow direction of the roof The heat medium circulating inside collects or radiates heat from the air in the space 24. The collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3 may be made of plastic, but is made of a flexible material such as a stainless steel pipe or a copper pipe having a flexible structure so that the horizontal module frame 7 can be hidden as shown in FIG. Is desirable.

[Procedure correction 6]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0016

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Next, the operation in the solar energy collecting operation will be described. Part of the air in the space 24 that has been warmed by the heat of the solar cell 5 and the vertical and horizontal module frames 6 and 7 and generated buoyancy moves upward along the back surface of the solar cell 5 and inside (collecting) the heat pipe 3. Since the heat medium that circulates in the space 24 takes away heat, it is cooled, becomes heavy, and moves downward along the surface of the roof substrate 17, so that natural convection of air occurs in the space 24. With the natural convection of the air heat transfer space 24 proceeds smoothly, back side as well as collecting the solar cell 5 (release) in order to heat transduction resistance of the heat pipe 3 surface is reduced, through the air from the solar cell 5 collection Te (release) efficiently heat transfer we are made to the heat pipe 3. Further, the inside of the low temperature heat storage tank 18 is constantly cooled by the heat pump 20, and the heat medium flows into the heat collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3 at a temperature equal to or lower than the outside air temperature, so that heat can be collected more efficiently.

[Procedure Amendment 7]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0017

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Next, the operation in the roof snow melting operation will be described. The heat medium in the low temperature heat storage tank 18 is heated by the switching operation of the heat pump 20, and the heated heat medium is circulated to the collecting (discharging) heat pipe 3 to warm the solar cell module 4 from the back surface. At this time, heat is supplied to the high temperature heat storage tank 19 from the auxiliary boiler 22. Since the surface of the solar cell 5 is made of glass and the frictional force is extremely small, when the snowmelt water starts to flow on the surface of the solar cell 5, the snowfall slides down, and it is possible to quickly remove the snow with a small amount of energy.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A solar cell module comprising a solar cell, vertical and horizontal module frames laid with a space on a roof substrate through support rails, and a space between the solar cell module and the roof substrate. A large number of collecting (discharging) heat pipes arranged in parallel with the flow direction of the roof via a spacer, and the heat medium of the collecting (discharging) heat pipes is distributed by connecting to the upper and lower ends of the collecting (discharging) heat pipe. Upper and lower header pipes, a low temperature heat storage tank and a pump connected to the upper and lower header pipes with a connecting pipe, a high temperature heat storage tank connected to the low temperature heat storage tank via a heat pump, and a high temperature heat storage tank A solar energy collecting device for snow melting and roofing, which is characterized in that it is composed of an auxiliary boiler that has been installed.