JPH0893210A - Ceiling wiring inspection port structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To simplify construction procedure by providing a connecting part of a ceiling wiring and an inspection port free to open and close between two adjoining building units. CONSTITUTION: A connecting part 18 is formed by removing a cable 14 for lighting and a cable 16 for switching from first and second ceiling beams 11B, 12B, drawing them out below a space 17 between the ceiling beams and connecting them to each other after assembling first and second building units 11, 12. A joint member is suspended between the first and second ceiling beams 11B, 12B and fixed on them after inspecting the connecting part in the building. At this time, an inspection port 30 is set by installing a frame member 31 including an edge member 33 and a cover member 34 below the connecting part 18 as the joint member 19. It is possible to save labour to separately form an opening for the inspection port on a first ceiling 11E by forming the connecting part 18 for wiring in the space 17 between the ceiling beams and providing an opening 32 on the frame member 31 spanned between both of the units.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ceiling wiring inspection port structure, which can be used for inspection work of ceiling electric wiring in a unit type building constructed by sequentially combining a plurality of building units.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, electric wiring for indoor lighting equipment and the like in a unit-type building has been performed using a space above the ceiling. FIG. 7 shows such a conventional ceiling wiring 90.

In FIG. 7, the first building unit 91 and the second building unit 92 are connected to each other to form one indoor space 93. Between the first building unit 91 and the second building unit 92, a joint member 96 formed of the same material as the ceiling inside each unit (for example, gypsum board) is attached to form a series of ceilings. A ceiling outlet 99A for lighting equipment is attached to a ceiling 93A of the indoor space 93, and a wall 93B is provided.
A switch 100 is attached to the. Then, cables 97, 98, 101 for connecting the ceiling outlet 99, the switch 100 and a power source (not shown).
Are wired on the back side of the ceiling 93A.

[0004] Here, it is obligatory to install inspection ports provided correspondingly at the connecting portions of all the electric wirings such as the ceiling wiring 90 and the like so that each inspection can be performed. Therefore, in the ceiling wiring 90, an inspection port 94 is provided immediately below the connecting portion 95 of each cable, and the opening of the inspection port 94 is covered with an openable / closable lid 94A.

When such a conventional inspection port 94 is provided, the ceiling wiring 90 is performed as follows. First, in the factory, an opening is formed in the ceiling of the first unit, and the lid 94
A is attached and an inspection port 94 is provided. Next, after installing the lighting fixture ceiling socket 99 and the switch 100 in each of the first and second building units 91 and 92, a lighting fixture cable 97 and a switch cable 98 having a predetermined length are connected to them. Keep it.

Subsequently, each building unit is assembled at the construction site, and each cable (including the cable 101 from the power source) is wired to the inspection port 94 at this construction site. Then, the lid 94A of the inspection port 94 is removed, and each cable is connected from the indoor space 93 side to form the connection portion 95. After that, the connection portion 95 is inspected, the lid 94A is attached, and the ceiling wiring 90 is completed.

[0007]

However, in the conventional inspection port 94, an opening is formed in the ceiling of the first building unit 91, but since the work posture and the like are poor, the ceiling plate may be formed depending on the number of inspection ports. There is a problem of low productivity due to the formation of openings and surrounding reinforcement frames. In addition, at the construction site, the lid 94A is installed at the time of construction of the connecting portion 95 and after the inspection thereof is completed.
However, there is a problem that the work is inefficient because of the time required for the attachment / detachment when the number of inspection ports is large.

An object of the present invention is to provide a ceiling wiring inspection port structure capable of improving productivity in a factory and workability at a construction site.

[0009]

In the ceiling wiring inspection port structure of the present invention, the inspection port also serves as a joint member of each building unit so that an opening for the inspection port need not be provided separately. It is intended to achieve the above object.
Specifically, it is a ceiling wiring inspection port structure of a unit type building constructed by sequentially combining a plurality of building units, and each ceiling wiring connection part is arranged in the space between the ceiling beams of two adjacent building units. However, it is characterized in that an inspection port that can be opened and closed is provided at least immediately below the connection portion of the ceiling wiring across each ceiling of the two building units.

Further, it is preferable that the inspection port is provided with a frame member fixed between the ceilings and a lid member which is openably and closably locked in an opening formed in the frame member. Further, it is preferable that the lid member is provided with a hook that can be engaged with the inner peripheral edge of the opening on the upper surface side. Further, it is desirable to form an inner flange made of a material different from that of the frame member on the inner circumference of the opening.

On the other hand, the inspection port is characterized in that it has locking members fixed to the opposite edges of the two building units, and a panel member locked to each locking member. In this case, the locking member is provided with a central portion having a U-shaped cross section that can be accommodated between the opposing end surfaces of each ceiling and panel member, and extends along both the ceiling and panel members from both open-side ends of the U-shaped portion. It is preferable to provide a peripheral portion, fix the ceiling members with fastening members that penetrate the ceiling from the inside of the central portion, and attach a blind member that covers the fastening members to the central portion. Further, it is desirable that the blindfold member has an operation portion for removal formed on at least one end side in the longitudinal direction.

Here, the inspection port may be formed over the entire width of the opposing side edges of the ceilings of the two building units, or may be formed in a predetermined section of the entire width of the opposing side edges.

[0013]

In the present invention as described above, a wiring connecting portion is formed in the space between the ceiling beams of the two units, and an inspection port is provided in what is equivalent to a joint member normally laid between both units, or By using the joint member or the like itself as a lid for the inspection port, it becomes possible to omit the work of forming an inspection port opening separately in the ceiling of the unit as in the conventional case. Further, conventionally, the work of closing the inspection port and the joint member, which are separately performed, can be performed only once, so that the work efficiency is improved. Therefore, the above object can be achieved.

By providing the inspection port with a frame member spanning between and fixing the ceilings and a lid member that is openably and closably locked to the opening formed in the frame member, the lid member can be easily opened and closed. Therefore, the inspection efficiency is improved. At this time, the lid member
By providing a hook that can be engaged with the frame member, the structure of the lid member is simplified and production is facilitated. By providing an inner flange of a material different from the frame member on the inner circumference of the opening, the lid member The durability against the locking operation of is improved.

On the other hand, by constructing the inspection port with a panel material and a locking member that makes this panel member detachable, the panel member is substantially the same as a conventional joint member only by manufacturing a new locking member. It becomes possible to manufacture the inspection port easily and at low cost. In addition, depending on the shape of the locking member, the structure thereof is simple and the manufacturing is easy, the appearance is good, and the handling is easy. .

When the inspection port as described above is provided over the entire width of the opposite edges of the ceilings of the two building units, the wiring connecting portion may be provided at any portion between them. Alternatively, when the inspection port is provided in a predetermined section of the entire width of the facing edges of the ceilings of the two building units, the other portion can be a normal joint member, which is inexpensive.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First Embodiment FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a ceiling wiring inspection port structure 10 includes a first building unit 11 installed adjacent to each other.
And it is formed across each ceiling of the second building unit 12.

The first building unit 11 is composed of an existing building unit, has a first ceiling beam 11B on the ceiling side, and a first ceiling beam 1 between the first ceiling beams 11B.
1D is being bridged. A ceiling surface material made of gypsum board is attached to the first ceiling beam 11D.
E is formed. The ceiling of the first building unit 11 is provided with a ceiling outlet 13 for lighting equipment. A lighting cable 14 is provided in the ceiling outlet 13.
Are connected and wired toward the second building unit 12 side.

On the other hand, the second building unit 12 is composed of an existing building unit like the first building unit 11,
It has a similar second ceiling beam 12B, a second ceiling beam 12D, and a second ceiling 12E. A switch 15 for illumination is provided on the wall of the second building unit 12. Switch 1
A switch cable 16 is connected to the switch 5, and the switch cable 16 is wired toward the first building unit 11 side.

A space 17 between the ceiling beams is formed in the space between the first ceiling beam 11B and the second ceiling beam 12B which are adjacent to each other. A connection portion 18 for connecting the illumination cable 14 and the switch cable 16 is formed in the space 17 between the ceiling beams. An inspection port 30 is laid between the first ceiling 11E and the second ceiling 12E at a lower portion of the connecting portion 18, and the other part than the inspection port 30 is a joint member 19 made of gypsum board similar to the conventional one. Has been bridged.

Next, the inspection port 30 will be described. Figure 2
In, the inspection port 30 includes a frame member 31 and a lid member 34. The frame member 31 has the same material and outer shape as the joint member 19. For example, the frame member 31 is formed by assembling rod members on four sides or by removing the inside of the face member.
The frame member 31 is bridged between the first ceiling beam 11B and the second ceiling beam 12B and attached to the first ceiling beam 11D and the second ceiling beam 12D by staples or the like not shown. Further, an edge member 33 made of a synthetic resin and having an inner flange formed therein is housed in the frame member 31 at the inner peripheral edge of the opening 32 and screwed.

The lid member 34 is a face material made of a synthetic resin of the same material as the edge member 33, and has a hook 34A integrally formed on the upper surface side, and the hook 34A engages with the inner flange of the edge member 33. It is made possible.

In such a first embodiment, production and construction are carried out as follows. In FIG. 3, first, in the factory, when each building unit is carried out to the construction site, the lighting cable 14 and the switch cable 16 are used.
The first ceiling beam 11B and the second ceiling beam 1 that are adjacent to each other.
Wire up to 2B and secure with tape or the like.
In addition, the edge member 33 and the lid member 34 are previously attached to the frame member 3 at the factory.
It is attached to the opening 32 of No. 1 and assembled 30, and is taken out to the construction site at the same time as the building unit.

Next, at the construction site, the first building unit 1
After the combination of 1 and the second building unit 12, the lighting cable 14 and the switch cable 16 are disconnected from the first ceiling beam 11B and the second ceiling beam 12B, and pulled out below the space 17 between the ceiling beams for connection. Then, the connection portion 18 is formed. Next, check the connections inside the building using a tester, etc., and confirm that there are no wiring errors. Then, the joint member 19 is stretched over the first ceiling beam 11B and the second ceiling beam 12B and fixed by stapling or the like. At this time, the edge member 33 and the lid member 34 are provided below the connecting portion 18.
The frame member 31 including and is attached in the same manner as the joint member 19, and the inspection port 30 is installed.

According to such a first embodiment, there are the following effects. That is, since the wiring connecting portion 18 is formed in the space 17 between the ceiling beams and the opening 32 is provided in the frame member 31 that is bridged over both units, the opening for the inspection port is provided in the first ceiling 11E as in the conventional case. The work to form separately can be omitted and the productivity in the factory can be improved.

Further, since the inspection port 30 is originally provided at the position where the joint member 19 is attached, the inspection port 30 is formed between the ceilings of the units by forming the connecting portion 18 and after the inspection. At the same time as the ceiling joint work, the inspection port 30 attached to the lid member 34 (that is, in the closed state) can be installed, and it is not necessary to attach or detach the lid member 34 for forming or inspecting the connecting portion 18, and thus the construction site. It is possible to improve the work efficiency in.

Since the edge member 33 and the lid member 34 are made of synthetic resin, the durability against the locking operation of the lid member 34 is improved and damage or loss due to repeated detachment can be prevented. Further, since the lid member 34 is formed with the hook 34A that can be engaged with the edge member 33, opening and closing can be performed reliably and easily.

The connecting portion 18 is a space 17 between the ceiling beams.
Since it is formed in the factory, the lighting cable 14 and the switch cable 16 can be wired up to the ceiling beams on the adjacent sides in advance in the factory, and the wiring work at the time of unit combination at the construction site can be omitted to improve work efficiency. Can be further improved. Particularly, since the inspection port 30 is provided below the space 17 between the ceiling beams, the inspection work can be facilitated.

Further, since the illumination cable 14 and the switch cable 16 can be wired up to the vicinity of the connection position, the cable length and the like can be confirmed, and an accurate cable length can be obtained. This can prevent problems at the construction site due to the short cable.

Further, in the above-mentioned conventional example, when the unit is carried out from the factory, after the cable connected to the switch is wired up to the ceiling beam, the cable is looped so as not to interfere with the unit transportation and assembly work. In such a first embodiment, the cable can be carried out simply by fixing the end portion of the cable with tape or the like, so that the work of looping the cable can be omitted, and the production in the factory can be omitted. It is possible to further improve the sex.

[Second Embodiment] FIGS. 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, an inspection port 70 is provided in place of the inspection port 30 of the first embodiment to construct a ceiling wiring inspection port structure 50, and the other first building unit 11 and second building unit 12 are Are the same. Therefore, in order to avoid redundant description, the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only the inspection port 70 will be described below. The inspection port 70 has a panel member 71 spanning the first ceiling 11E and the second ceiling 12E. Panel member 71
Are spanned between the first ceiling 11E and the second ceiling 12E, and are formed over the entire width of the opposing edges of the ceiling surface. Further, locking members 72 are provided on both edges of the panel member 71.
The locking member 72 has a blind member 73 incorporated therein.

The locking member 72 is made of aluminum and has a central portion 72A having a U-shaped cross section, and both edge portions of the U-shaped open side extending along the surfaces of the ceiling and the panel member 71. 7
2B, which is housed between each ceiling surface and the opposite end surface of the panel member 71, and is screwed to the first ceiling beam 11D and the second ceiling beam 12D, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 6, the blindfold member 73 has a U-shaped cross section whose width increases toward the opening (T).
1> T2). Further, when it is incorporated in the locking member 72, it is held by an elastic force so that the connecting screw of the locking member 72 is hidden. Further, on one end side of the blindfold member 73, there is provided an operation portion 73A formed to project so that a driver or the like can be inserted.

The second embodiment as described above is manufactured and constructed as follows. First, in the factory, the illumination cable 14 and the switch cable 16 are wired and fixed as in the first embodiment. However, in this embodiment, the panel member 71, the locking member 72, and the blind member 73 are carried out to the construction site at the same time as the building unit.

Next, at the construction site, like the first embodiment described above, the first building unit 11 and the second building unit 1 are
The two are combined to form the connecting portion 18. Next, the locking members 72 are temporarily fixed to the first ceiling beam 11D and the second ceiling beam 12D, respectively.

Subsequently, the panel member 7 is arranged so that the side edge portion 72B of the locking member 72 locks the side edge of the panel member 71.
Set 1 in. Then, tighten the screws to secure the panel member 7
1 is fixed between the first ceiling 11E and the second ceiling 12E. Then, the blindfold member 73 is incorporated and the inspection port 70 is installed.

According to the second embodiment as described above, the following effects are further provided, except for the effects relating to the durability of the edge member 33 and the lid member 34 of the first embodiment. That is, since the inspection port 70 has a simple structure in which the panel member 71 is locked by the locking member 72, the inspection port 70 can be easily manufactured, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Further, since the panel member 71 is formed over the entire width of the opposite side edge of the ceiling, the space 1 between the ceiling beams is
Even if a large number of connecting portions are scattered on the connector 7, all the connecting portions can be easily inspected by removing the panel member 71.

Further, the locking member 72 is formed in a symmetrical shape having a central portion 72A having a U-shaped section and a U-shaped tip having a peripheral edge portion 72B extending along the surface of each ceiling and panel member 71. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a mistake in the mounting direction of the first ceiling-surrounding margin 11C and the second ceiling-surrounding margin 12C. And since the locking member 72 is made of aluminum,
When the ceiling surface is finished by using a cloth or the like, the rigidity can prevent the cloth from being caught in the cutout portion.

Further, the locking member 72 has a blinding member 7
Since 3 is fitted, the screw mounting portion is hidden and a good appearance can be obtained. In addition, the blind member 73
Since an operation portion into which a driver or the like can be inserted is provided on both ends of the blindfold member 73, the blindfold member 73 can be easily removed.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but includes other configurations and the like within a range in which the object of the present invention can be achieved, and the following modifications and the like are also included in the present invention. It is a waste. That is, in the inspection port 30 using the frame member 31 as in the first embodiment, the size, position, number, etc. of the openings 32 in one frame member 31 may be arbitrarily determined. For example, one frame member may have openings having different sizes provided at three positions at predetermined intervals, or two openings may be arranged so as to extend over substantially the entire length of the frame member 31.

The inspection ports 30 and 70 may be provided over the entire width of the opposite edges of each ceiling, or may be provided only in a predetermined section of the entire width of the opposite edges of each ceiling (joint). Used together with member 19). When the inspection ports 30 and 70 are provided over the entire width, one inspection port 30 and 70 may cover the entire width, or a plurality of inspection ports 30 and 70 may be sequentially arranged and formed over the entire width. Further, when provided at a predetermined interval, the inspection port 30 and the inspection port 70 are not limited to one place, and may be formed in a plurality of places, for example, alternately arranged with the joint member 19.

In the inspection port 30 using the frame member 31 and the lid member 34 as in the first embodiment, the attachment form of the lid frame member 31 is the staple of the first embodiment or the connecting member of the second embodiment. However, the existing means used for mounting the joint member 19 can be appropriately adopted. For example, the first ceiling beam 11D using the frame member 31 by using an adhesive, a screw, or the like,
It may be attached to the second ceiling beam 12D or the like.

The lid member 34 may be attached in any suitable attachable / detachable manner such as a fastening member such as a screw or a magnet. The edge member 33
Is necessary for the hook 34A of the lid member 34, and may be appropriately changed in consideration of durability and operability, and may be omitted when the hook 34A is not used for the lid member 34.

Further, the opening / closing structure of the lid member 34 may be a pivotable type with a hinge, instead of the complete removal shown in the first embodiment. In this way, the lid member is not opened even if it is opened. You can save the trouble of placing it in place.

On the other hand, in the inspection port 70 using the panel member 71 between the ceilings as in the second embodiment, the locking member 7 is used.
The shape of 2 is not limited to the second embodiment and may be any shape capable of locking the panel member 71. For example, the shape of the cross section may be h-shaped or crank-shaped.

Further, the mounting form of the blindfold member 73 is as follows.
The present invention is not limited to the second embodiment, and may be appropriately attached in consideration of the shape of the locking member 72 for implementation.

The operation portion 73A of the blindfold member 73
In addition to the projecting shape, a notch, a pull tag, or the like may be used for. Further, the operation portion 73A is provided on one side of the blindfold member 73, but the operation portion 73A may be provided on both end sides. The blindfold member 73 and the operation portion 73A
Is not essential to the present invention, and can be appropriately omitted in implementation.

The ceiling wiring inspection port structures 10 and 50 are not limited to the structures of the first and second embodiments, and cables are connected to the space between the first ceiling beam 11B and the second ceiling beam 12B. It suffices that the portion 18 is formed and the inspection port is provided at least immediately below the connection portion 18, and in the implementation, an appropriate structure that is harmonious in consideration of the indoor style and the like may be used.

The ceiling provided with the ceiling wiring inspection port structures 10 and 50 is not limited to the number of floors of the building such as the first floor and the second floor. The building may be a house, a store, an office, or the like, and may be a building constructed by a unit construction method.

In addition, as a modification of each of the above-described embodiments, in the first and second embodiments, the illumination cable 14 and the switch cable 16 are connected to form the connection portion 18. The present invention includes the case where the power cable and the like are connected at the same time as in the example, or the case where the connection portion 18 is formed by another cable.

The edge member 33, the lid member 34, the locking member 72,
The material of the blind member 73 and the like are not limited to those in the first and second embodiments, and any generally used metal or synthetic resin may be used as long as it has a predetermined strength and elastic force. You may choose.

[0053]

As described above, according to the present invention, since the inspection port is provided between two adjacent building units, it is not necessary to separately form an inspection port opening in the factory,
Not only can the work efficiency in the factory be improved, but it is also possible to install the ceiling wiring inspection port structure easily, easily and quickly by omitting the retrofitting work at the construction site and performing the joint work of each unit. is there.

In the case where the inspection port is provided with a frame member that spans and fixes between the ceilings and a lid member that is openably and closably locked in the opening formed in the frame member, the lid member can be opened and closed. In addition to being easy, the structure is simple and manufacturing is easy, and by providing an inner flange of a different material from the frame member on the inner circumference of the opening, durability against the locking operation of the lid member There is an effect that the property is improved.

On the other hand, in the case where the inspection port is provided with a locking member which is fixed to the edge of each ceiling and a panel member which is locked by this locking member and is bridged between the ceilings, the panel member and the conventional The joint member is almost the same as the joint member, and it has the effect that the inspection port can be easily manufactured at low cost, and by forming the locking member symmetrically, it is possible to prevent installation mistakes and to use this locking member. By attaching a blind member that covers the fastening member to the, there is an effect that the aesthetic appearance can be improved.

By providing the inspection port over the entire width of the opposite edges of the ceilings of the two building units, it is not necessary to use a joint member in addition to the inspection port, and the number of members can be reduced, so that member management can be performed. In addition to the effect that it is easy to perform, there is an effect that all connection parts can be inspected by opening one inspection port when there are a plurality of connection parts.

Alternatively, when the inspection port is provided at a predetermined section point of the entire width of the opposite edges of the ceilings of the two building units, when a large number of cables are wired in a complicated manner and the number of connection points increases, The effect is that accurate inspection of each connection point can be performed safely and quickly.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an essential part of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an exploded view showing a schematic configuration of the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an essential part of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an exploded view showing a schematic configuration of the second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the main parts of the components of the second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an external view showing a ceiling wiring including a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10, 50 Ceiling wiring inspection port structure 11 1st building unit 11B 1st ceiling beam 11E 1st ceiling 12 2nd building unit 12B 2nd ceiling beam 12E 2nd ceiling 17 Space between ceiling beams 18 Connection part 19 Joint member 30, 70 Inspection port 31 Frame member 32 Opening 33 Edge member 34 Lid member 71 Panel member 72 Locking member 72A Central part 72B Edge part 73 Blind member 73A Operation part

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A ceiling wiring inspection port structure of a unit type building constructed by sequentially combining a plurality of building units, wherein each ceiling wiring connecting portion is arranged in a space between ceiling beams of two adjacent building units. The ceiling wiring inspection port structure is characterized in that an inspection port that can be opened and closed is provided at least immediately below the connection portion of the ceiling wiring so as to extend between the ceilings of the two building units. 2. The ceiling wiring inspection port structure according to claim 1, wherein the inspection port is openably and closably locked to a frame member fixed between the ceilings and an opening formed in the frame member. Ceiling wiring inspection port structure having a cover member that is opened. 3. The ceiling wiring inspection port structure according to claim 2, wherein the lid member has a hook that is engageable with the inner peripheral edge of the opening on the upper surface side. 4. The ceiling wiring inspection port structure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein an inner flange made of a material different from that of the frame member is formed on an inner periphery of the opening. Ceiling wiring inspection port structure. 5. The ceiling wiring inspection port structure according to claim 1, wherein the inspection port is a locking member fixed to edges of the two building units facing each other, and the locking members. A ceiling wiring inspection port structure characterized by having a panel member locked to the. 6. The ceiling wiring inspection port structure according to claim 5, wherein the locking member has a central portion having a U-shaped cross-section that can be housed between opposed end surfaces of the ceiling and the panel member. And having edge portions extending along the ceiling and the panel member from the U-shaped open side both ends,
Ceiling wiring inspection, characterized in that it is fixed to each ceiling by a fastening member penetrating from the inside of the central portion to the ceiling, and a blind member covering the fastening member is attached to the central portion. Mouth structure. 7. The ceiling wiring inspection port structure according to claim 6, wherein the blind member has an operation portion for removal formed on at least one end side in the longitudinal direction. Construction. 8. The ceiling wiring inspection port structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the inspection port is formed over the entire width of opposing edges of each ceiling of the two building units. Ceiling wiring inspection port structure characterized by 9. The ceiling wiring inspection port structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the inspection port is provided in a predetermined section of a total width of opposing edges of the ceilings of the two building units. Ceiling wiring inspection port structure characterized by being formed.