JPH085643B2 - Combustion device for fuel cell reformer - Google Patents
Combustion device for fuel cell reformerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH085643B2 JPH085643B2 JP61222074A JP22207486A JPH085643B2 JP H085643 B2 JPH085643 B2 JP H085643B2 JP 61222074 A JP61222074 A JP 61222074A JP 22207486 A JP22207486 A JP 22207486A JP H085643 B2 JPH085643 B2 JP H085643B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- fuel
- ignition
- pipe
- liquid fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01B—BOILING; BOILING APPARATUS ; EVAPORATION; EVAPORATION APPARATUS
- B01B1/00—Boiling; Boiling apparatus for physical or chemical purposes ; Evaporation in general
- B01B1/005—Evaporation for physical or chemical purposes; Evaporation apparatus therefor, e.g. evaporation of liquids for gas phase reactions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の技術分野〕 本発明は、燃料電池用改質装置の加熱源として設ける
燃焼装置に関するものである。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a combustion device provided as a heating source of a reformer for a fuel cell.
燃料電池の構成は、主として燃料を水素主体の改質ガ
スに変化させる改質装置と、この改質装置から発生した
改質ガスの水素を空気（酸素）と反応させて水と電気エ
ネルギに変える燃料電池本体とからなっている。改質装
置ではメタノール等の液体燃料を気化するためと、気化
した燃料を触媒層で反応させて改質ガスにするための熱
源が必要であり、その熱源として燃焼器（バーナ）が使
用されるのが一般的である。The structure of the fuel cell is mainly a reformer that changes the fuel into hydrogen-based reformed gas, and the hydrogen in the reformed gas generated from this reformer is converted into water and electric energy by reacting with air (oxygen). It consists of the fuel cell body. The reformer requires a heat source for vaporizing liquid fuel such as methanol and for reacting the vaporized fuel in the catalyst layer to form reformed gas, and a combustor (burner) is used as the heat source. Is common.
ところで、上記燃焼器の燃料として液体燃料を使用す
る場合は、その液体燃料が気体燃料に比べて貯溜容積が
小さく、装置をコンパトにできるという利点があり、特
に可搬型の燃料電池には有利である。しかし、この液体
燃料は初期着火性が悪いため、始動性がよくないという
欠点がある。By the way, when a liquid fuel is used as the fuel for the combustor, the liquid fuel has an advantage that the storage volume is smaller than that of the gas fuel and the device can be made compact, which is particularly advantageous for a portable fuel cell. is there. However, this liquid fuel has a poor initial ignitability, so that it has a drawback that the startability is not good.
本発明の目的は、液体燃料を使用する場合に低温での
着火を可能して、始動性を良好にすることができる燃料
電池用改質装置の燃焼装置を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a combustion device of a reformer for a fuel cell, which can ignite at a low temperature when liquid fuel is used and can improve startability.
上記目的を達成する本発明は、燃焼器３により燃料蒸
発器１を加熱し、この燃料蒸発器１で気化した燃料を触
媒層５で改質ガスに変える燃料電池用改質装置におい
て、前記燃焼器３として、環状の横渡し部材16と気体燃
料を流出燃焼する多数の小孔20を設けた環状の燃焼管19
とを上下に配置すると共に、下部側の横渡し部材16と上
部側の燃焼管19との間に点火用触媒17とヒータ21とを介
在させ、かつ前記燃焼管19の環状方向に間隔をおいて多
数本の液体燃料用の燃焼管13を該燃焼管19をループ状に
跨ぐように配置し、該燃焼管13には内部に燈心14を内設
すると共に、該燈心14が露出する多数の液体燃料蒸発用
の小孔15を前記燃焼管19の上面側に対向するように設
け、さらに前記点火用触媒17の環状方向に間隔をおいて
点火時だけに液体燃料を噴射する多数のノズル23を対向
配置して構成したことを特徴とするものである。The present invention that achieves the above-mentioned object is a reforming apparatus for a fuel cell in which a fuel evaporator 1 is heated by a combustor 3 and the fuel vaporized by the fuel evaporator 1 is converted into a reformed gas by a catalyst layer 5. As the vessel 3, an annular combustion pipe 19 provided with an annular crossing member 16 and a large number of small holes 20 through which gaseous fuel flows out and burns.
Are arranged above and below, the ignition catalyst 17 and the heater 21 are interposed between the lower crossing member 16 and the upper combustion pipe 19, and a space is provided in the annular direction of the combustion pipe 19. And a plurality of combustion tubes 13 for liquid fuel are arranged so as to straddle the combustion tubes 19 in a loop shape, and a wick 14 is provided inside the combustion tubes 13 and a large number of wicks 14 are exposed. A small hole 15 for evaporating the liquid fuel is provided so as to face the upper surface side of the combustion pipe 19, and a large number of nozzles 23 for injecting the liquid fuel only at the time of ignition are spaced apart in the annular direction of the ignition catalyst 17. Is arranged so as to face each other.
第１〜３図は本発明の実施例による燃焼装置を示し、
第４図は同燃焼装置が使用される燃料電池用改質装置の
一例を示すものである。1 to 3 show a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 4 shows an example of a reforming device for a fuel cell in which the combustion device is used.
第４図において、１は環状に形成された燃料蒸発器
で、その周囲に燃料供給ノズル2,…,2が複数個所に取り
付けられ、メタノールと水との混合液体燃料が供給され
るようになっている。この燃料蒸発器１の下方に、詳細
を後述する燃焼器３が設置され、この燃焼器３による加
熱によって液体燃料を気化させるようになっている。In FIG. 4, reference numeral 1 denotes a ring-shaped fuel evaporator, around which a plurality of fuel supply nozzles 2, ..., 2 are attached to supply a mixed liquid fuel of methanol and water. ing. A combustor 3 whose details will be described later is installed below the fuel evaporator 1, and the liquid fuel is vaporized by heating by the combustor 3.
燃料蒸発器１の上面には複数の反応管4,…,4が接続さ
れ、その各反応管４の内側には触媒が充填され触媒層５
が形成されている。この触媒層５では、燃料蒸発器１で
気化された燃料が水素主体の改質ガスに変化する反応を
行い、それが上部の集合室６に集められ、さらに図示し
ない燃料電池本体へ送り出されるようになっている。A plurality of reaction tubes 4, ..., 4 are connected to the upper surface of the fuel evaporator 1, and the inside of each reaction tube 4 is filled with a catalyst to form a catalyst layer 5.
Are formed. In the catalyst layer 5, the fuel vaporized in the fuel evaporator 1 undergoes a reaction of changing to a hydrogen-based reformed gas, which is collected in an upper collecting chamber 6 and further sent to a fuel cell main body (not shown). It has become.
また、複数本の反応管4,…,4の周囲は断熱壁７によっ
て囲まれ、燃焼器３から上昇する加熱ガスによる加熱空
間を形成している。断熱壁７の上部には多数の排気孔8,
…,8が設けられ、加熱空間内の加熱ガスを外側へ排出さ
せるようになっている。The periphery of the plurality of reaction tubes 4, ..., 4 is surrounded by a heat insulating wall 7 to form a heating space by the heating gas rising from the combustor 3. In the upper part of the heat insulation wall 7, a large number of exhaust holes 8,
, 8 are provided to discharge the heating gas in the heating space to the outside.
第１〜３図に示す燃焼器３において、18は燃料電池本
体で空気（酸素）と反応しないまま排出された余剰の水
素が、気体燃料として供給される気体燃料供給管であ
る。この気体燃料供給管18は環状の燃焼管19に接続さ
れ、かつその燃焼管19の円周方向にそって穿たれた多数
の小孔20,…,20から気体燃料が流出して燃焼するように
なっている。In the combustor 3 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, 18 is a gas fuel supply pipe to which excess hydrogen discharged without reacting with air (oxygen) in the fuel cell main body is supplied as a gas fuel. The gaseous fuel supply pipe 18 is connected to an annular combustion pipe 19, and the gaseous fuel flows out from a large number of small holes 20, ..., 20 bored along the circumferential direction of the combustion pipe 19 for combustion. It has become.
一方、10は液体燃料供給管であり、送液量を調節制御
できるポンプ11が接続され、図示しない燃料タンクから
メタノール等の液体燃料を供給するようになっている。
この液体燃料供給管10は、分配管12に接続され、さらに
その分配管12には円周方向にそって多数の燃焼管13,…,
13が接続されている。各燃焼管13は上端がループ状に丸
められて二股状になり、その両脚が環状の分配管12に接
続されるように形成され、かつ内部には石綿，ガラス繊
維等からなる燈心14が挿入されている。また、各燃焼管
13のループ部13aの内周側には１個又は複数個の小孔15,
…,15が穿たれ、その小孔15を介して内部の燈心14が外
気へ臨み、そこから液体燃料が蒸発して燃焼するように
なっている。On the other hand, 10 is a liquid fuel supply pipe, to which a pump 11 capable of adjusting and controlling the liquid feed amount is connected, so that liquid fuel such as methanol is supplied from a fuel tank not shown.
The liquid fuel supply pipe 10 is connected to a distribution pipe 12, and a large number of combustion pipes 13, ...,
13 are connected. Each combustion tube 13 is formed into a forked shape by rounding the upper end in a loop shape, and its both legs are connected to the annular distribution pipe 12, and a wick 14 made of asbestos, glass fiber or the like is inserted inside. Has been done. Also, each combustion tube
One or more small holes 15, on the inner peripheral side of the loop portion 13a of 13,
, 15 is bored, and the inner wick 14 is exposed to the outside air through the small hole 15, from which the liquid fuel evaporates and burns.
多数本の燃焼管13,…,13の上端部付近には、これら全
体に跨るように横渡し部材16が固定され、各燃焼管13を
振動させないように安定させている。また、この横渡し
部材16と気体燃料の燃焼管19との間にはマット状の点火
用触媒17が保持されており、さらにその点火用触媒17の
中にニクロム線等のヒータ21が環状に埋設されている
（第３図参照）。ヒータ21はリード線22,22から通電す
ることによって発熱し、点火前の点火用触媒17を加熱し
て活性化させるようになっている。もちろん、このヒー
タ21は点火用触媒17の外側に付設されていてもよい。In the vicinity of the upper ends of the plurality of combustion tubes 13, ..., 13, a transverse member 16 is fixed so as to straddle the entire combustion tubes 13, and stabilizes each combustion tube 13 so as not to vibrate. A mat-shaped ignition catalyst 17 is held between the transverse member 16 and the gas fuel combustion tube 19, and a heater 21 such as a nichrome wire is annularly formed in the ignition catalyst 17. It is buried (see Figure 3). The heater 21 generates heat when energized from the lead wires 22, 22, and heats and activates the ignition catalyst 17 before ignition. Of course, the heater 21 may be attached to the outside of the ignition catalyst 17.
また、必要に応じて、上記点火用触媒17の外周には適
当な間隔で複数個所にノズル23,…,23が配設され、液体
燃料が点火用触媒に向けて噴射されるようになってい
る。このノズル23からは点火時にのみ液体燃料を噴射さ
せるため、上記液体燃料供給管10とは別系統の燃料供給
系が設けられ、点火用液体燃料供給管24から分配管25を
介して供給されるようにしてある。また、燃焼用の燃料
ではないので、このノズル23には燈心は内挿されていな
い。Further, if necessary, a plurality of nozzles 23, ..., 23 are arranged at appropriate intervals on the outer periphery of the ignition catalyst 17 so that liquid fuel is injected toward the ignition catalyst. There is. Since the liquid fuel is injected from the nozzle 23 only at the time of ignition, a fuel supply system of a system different from the liquid fuel supply pipe 10 is provided and is supplied from the liquid fuel supply pipe 24 for ignition through the distribution pipe 25. Is done. Further, since it is not fuel for combustion, no wick is inserted in this nozzle 23.
上述した燃焼装置によると、液体燃料用の燃焼管13の
燃焼部に点火用触媒17を取り付けると共に、さらにヒー
タ21を付設しているため、点火時にこのヒータ21の加熱
によって点火用触媒17が活性化され、その活性化された
触媒17の作用によって、液体燃料（例えばメタノール）
を着火温度以下で着火させることができるようになる。
したがって、この初期着火性が向上し、装置の始動性が
著しく向上することができる。According to the above-described combustion apparatus, the ignition catalyst 17 is attached to the combustion portion of the liquid fuel combustion tube 13, and the heater 21 is additionally provided. Therefore, the ignition catalyst 17 is activated by the heating of the heater 21 during ignition. Liquid fuel (for example, methanol), which is activated by the action of the activated catalyst 17.
Can be ignited below the ignition temperature.
Therefore, the initial ignitability is improved, and the startability of the device can be significantly improved.
また、点火用触媒17を燃焼管13の燃焼部下方に配置す
るようにしたので、燃焼管13から吐出された液体燃料が
点火用触媒17に直接垂れ流れて接触するようにできるた
め、燃料の無駄や下方部の汚れをなくすことができる。Further, since the ignition catalyst 17 is arranged below the combustion portion of the combustion pipe 13, the liquid fuel discharged from the combustion pipe 13 can be made to directly drip and come into contact with the ignition catalyst 17, so that the fuel Waste and dirt on the lower part can be eliminated.
また、点火時に、上記実施例のように点火用触媒17に
対してノズル23から積極的に液体燃料を噴射するように
すれば、着火時間を一層短縮することができる。Further, when the liquid fuel is positively injected from the nozzle 23 to the ignition catalyst 17 at the time of ignition as in the above embodiment, the ignition time can be further shortened.
〔発明の効果〕〕 上述したように本発明の燃焼装置は、燃焼器３とし
て、環状の横渡し部材16と気体燃料を流出燃焼する多数
の小孔20を設けた環状の燃焼管19とを上下に配置すると
共に、下部側の横渡し部材16と上部側の燃焼管19との間
に点火用触媒17とヒータ21とを介在させ、かつ前記燃焼
管19の環状方向に間隔をおいて多数本の液体燃料用の燃
焼管13を該燃焼管19をループ状に跨ぐように配置し、該
燃焼管13には内部に燈心14を内設すると共に、該燈心14
が露出する多数の液体燃料蒸発用の小孔15を前記燃焼管
19の上面側に対向するように設けたので、液体燃料を着
火温度以下で着火させることができ、それによって始動
性を向上することができる。さらに、前記点火用触媒17
の環状方向に間隔をおいて点火時だけに液体燃料を噴射
する多数のノズル23を対向配置したので上記着火時間を
一層短縮し、始動性をさらに向上することができる。[Advantages of the Invention] As described above, the combustion apparatus of the present invention includes, as the combustor 3, the annular crossing member 16 and the annular combustion pipe 19 provided with a large number of small holes 20 through which gaseous fuel is discharged and burned. In addition to being arranged vertically, the ignition catalyst 17 and the heater 21 are interposed between the lower crossing member 16 and the upper combustion pipe 19, and a large number are arranged in the annular direction of the combustion pipe 19 at intervals. A liquid combustion tube 13 for liquid fuel is arranged so as to straddle the combustion tube 19 in a loop shape, and a wick 14 is internally provided in the combustion tube 13 and the wick 14
A large number of small holes 15 for evaporating liquid fuel are exposed in the combustion pipe.
Since it is provided so as to face the upper surface side of 19, the liquid fuel can be ignited at an ignition temperature or lower, thereby improving startability. Further, the ignition catalyst 17
Since a large number of nozzles 23 for injecting liquid fuel only at the time of ignition are arranged facing each other at intervals in the annular direction, the ignition time can be further shortened and the startability can be further improved.
また、点火用触媒17を燃焼管13の燃焼部（小孔15）下
方に配置するようにしたので、燃焼管13から吐出された
液体燃料が点火触媒17に直接垂れ流れて接触するように
できるため、燃料の無駄や下方部の汚れをなくすことが
できる。Further, since the ignition catalyst 17 is arranged below the combustion portion (small hole 15) of the combustion pipe 13, the liquid fuel discharged from the combustion pipe 13 can directly flow down and come into contact with the ignition catalyst 17. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate waste of fuel and contamination of the lower part.
第１図は本発明の実施例による燃焼装置を示す側面図、
第２図は同平面図、第３図は第１図のIII−III矢視図、
第４図は同燃焼装置を使用する燃料電池用改質装置の一
例を示す縦断面図である。 １……燃料蒸発器、３……燃焼器、４……反応管、５…
…触媒層、10……液体燃料供給管、12……分配管、13…
…燃焼管、14……燈心、15……小孔、17……点火用触
媒、21……ヒータ。FIG. 1 is a side view showing a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention,
2 is a plan view of the same, FIG. 3 is a view of FIG. 1 taken along the line III-III,
FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a fuel cell reforming apparatus using the same combustion apparatus. 1 ... Fuel evaporator, 3 ... Combustor, 4 ... Reaction tube, 5 ...
… Catalyst layer, 10 …… Liquid fuel supply pipe, 12 …… Distribution pipe, 13…
… Combustion tube, 14… Wick, 15… Small hole, 17… Ignition catalyst, 21… Heater.
Claims (1)
熱し、この燃料蒸発器（１）で気化した燃料を触媒層
（５）で改質ガスに変える燃料電池用改質装置におい
て、前記燃焼器（３）として、環状の横渡し部材（16）
と気体燃料を流出燃焼する多数の小孔（20）を設けた環
状の燃焼管（19）とを上下に配置すると共に、下部側の
横渡し部材（16）と上部側の燃焼管（19）との間に点火
用触媒（17）とヒータ（21）とを介在させ、かつ前記燃
焼管（19）の環状方向に間隔をおいて多数本の液体燃料
用の燃焼管（13）を該燃焼管（19）をループ状に跨ぐよ
うに配置し、該燃焼管（13）には内部に燈心（14）を内
設すると共に、該燈心（14）が露出する多数の液体燃料
蒸発用の小孔（15）を前記燃焼管（19）の上面側に対向
するように設け、さらに前記点火用触媒（17）の環状方
向に間隔をおいて点火時だけに液体燃料を噴射する多数
のノズル（23）を対向配置して構成したことを特徴とす
る燃料電池用改質装置の燃焼装置。1. A reformer for a fuel cell, wherein a fuel evaporator (1) is heated by a combustor (3) and the fuel vaporized by the fuel evaporator (1) is converted into a reformed gas by a catalyst layer (5). In the above, as the combustor (3), an annular transverse member (16) is provided.
And an annular combustion pipe (19) provided with a large number of small holes (20) for outflow combustion of gaseous fuel are arranged vertically, and a transverse member (16) on the lower side and a combustion pipe (19) on the upper side are arranged. The ignition catalyst (17) and the heater (21) are interposed between the combustion pipe (19) and a plurality of combustion pipes (13) for liquid fuel which are spaced from each other in the annular direction of the combustion pipe (19). A pipe (19) is arranged so as to straddle a loop, and a wick (14) is internally provided in the combustion pipe (13), and a large number of small volatiles for evaporating liquid fuel are exposed. Holes (15) are provided so as to face the upper surface side of the combustion pipe (19), and a large number of nozzles are provided at intervals in the annular direction of the ignition catalyst (17) to inject liquid fuel only at the time of ignition ( 23) A combustion device of a reformer for a fuel cell, characterized in that they are arranged opposite to each other.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61222074A JPH085643B2 (en) | 1986-09-22 | 1986-09-22 | Combustion device for fuel cell reformer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61222074A JPH085643B2 (en) | 1986-09-22 | 1986-09-22 | Combustion device for fuel cell reformer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6379703A JPS6379703A (en) | 1988-04-09 |
| JPH085643B2 true JPH085643B2 (en) | 1996-01-24 |
Family
ID=16776710
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61222074A Expired - Fee Related JPH085643B2 (en) | 1986-09-22 | 1986-09-22 | Combustion device for fuel cell reformer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH085643B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030211371A1 (en) * | 2002-05-09 | 2003-11-13 | Pan Alfred I-Tsung | Fuel delivery system and method of use thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61119909A (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1986-06-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Liquid fuel catalyst burner |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0523541Y2 (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1993-06-16 |
-
1986
- 1986-09-22 JP JP61222074A patent/JPH085643B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61119909A (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1986-06-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Liquid fuel catalyst burner |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6379703A (en) | 1988-04-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |