JPH0852337A - Substance mixing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To simply and uniformly mix substances by irradiating a substance high in density or mol.wt. among substances different in density or mol.wt. with ultrasonic waves to activate the same before mixing both substances. CONSTITUTION:When two or more kinds of substances different in density or mol.wt. are mixed, for example, at least one substance high in density or mol.wt. is irradiated with ultrasonic waves to be activated before mixed with the other substance. By this constitution, the mutual collision cross-sectional areas of molecules increase and mixing, melting and diffusing actions by the activation due to collision energy are increased and the substances can be efficiently mixed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for efficiently and uniformly mixing two or more substances having different densities or molecular weights.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Liquid to liquid, gas to gas, gas to liquid,
In mixing substances such as solid and liquid, solid and gas, and solid and solid, it has been difficult to mix them uniformly because of differences in specific gravity, shape, molecular weight, surface energy and the like.

That is, conventionally, liquid and liquid are mixed (hereinafter,
It is described as "liquid-liquid". In the case of), it took a long time because it was simply stirred. In gas-gas, injection mixing was the main, and pressurization or depressurization was the main one. In the case of gas-liquid, the spouted gas is used also as agitation in the liquid, or is mixed under reduced pressure by an aseptic action. For solid-liquid, it was similar to liquid-liquid. Most of solid-gas and solid-solid are mainly stirred, and the reaction gas is introduced during this period for reaction. Therefore, in each case, only non-uniform mixing was carried out and the reaction was partial, so that the molecular weight of the reaction product was wide, and it was not controlled industrially but was carried out in analog.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and its object is to allow substances having different densities or molecular weights to be mixed uniformly. It is to provide a simple method and device, and can be used in a wide range.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for mixing substances having different densities or molecular weights by irradiating at least one substance having a high density or molecular weight with ultrasonic waves. It is characterized by being activated and being mixed with other substances.

The present invention described above is applicable when the substance having a high density is water and the other substance to be mixed is ozone. Further, it can be applied when the substance having a high density is a whisker or a fine powder. Furthermore, the plurality of substances to be mixed may be irradiated with ultrasonic waves and activated.

The substance mixing apparatus according to the present invention for carrying out the above-mentioned method of the present invention is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic oscillator and an apparatus for injecting a fluid to be mixed into the ultrasonic sound field. .

Specifically, first, in the case of liquid-solid,
As a particle, a digital unit unit is constructed by ultrasonic waves, and a collision velocity condition such that the unit or unit is bound or reacted is given, and further, in some cases,
The mixing and reaction are caused more accurately by using the force of the electrostatic field and electromagnetic means such as laser. Furthermore, also in the case of gas-gas, it is made into a unit at the time of jetting, and ultrasonic waves are added to the portion or within the jet to achieve agitation, thereby stabilizing the gas-gas mixing and reaction under a certain condition. Therefore, basically, unitization is performed by ultrasonic waves and jetting, or in some cases, only by ultrasonic waves or jetting only, and mixing and reaction are performed between this unit and the unit. Therefore, the conventional continuous system is designed to allow continuous mixing and reaction by suspending between controlled minute units.

The above operation is carried out by jetting at a constant amount and a constant pressure. At this time, there are a case where the ultrasonic waves are used for separation, dispersion, and unitization before ejection, and a case where the ultrasonic waves are used for separation and dispersion immediately after ejection.
Auxiliary control of medium pressure and temperature, and addition of electric field or strong electromagnetic field such as laser to control collision energy and collision frequency so as to cause mixing and homogenization of reaction by basic digitization reaction It is the one.

As a solution, six units of each phase gas, liquid and solid are ultrasonically unitized. In the case of gas-gas, the jetting is unitized by a pump so that reaction and mixing can be performed between these units, so that the mixing and reaction can be controlled very precisely.

[Mixing of Liquid-Solid] In the mixing of liquid-solid, the phase difference cos θ between the amplitude of the medium and the unit is cos θ = [1+ (πρfD ² ) / 9μ] ^1/2 ───── (1 ) Assuming the medium amplitude X _G and the particle amplitude X _P , cos θ = X _P / X _G (where ρ: particle density, μ: medium viscosity coefficient, f: frequency, D: unit diameter) If the frequency is f _m , then f _m = 5μ / ρD ─────────────────── (2). To reduce the unit size, increase f. Is required, and in the case of water at 1.5 MHz, 1 to 3
It becomes a unit of μmφ. Phase angle is solid-solid, solid-
It is possible to estimate the state of collision of liquid, gas-liquid, gas-gas, liquid-liquid, solid-gas units with each other. In this case, it operates in proportion to the unit size and at the square root of the vibration frequency.

[Liquid-Liquid Mixing] The characteristics of ultrasonic waves for liquid-liquid mixing are described in R.S. T. Rangemanm
V ⁻¹ dV / dT = −3ρ ⁻¹ dρ / dT Assuming that the molecular velocity is α, R = (M / ρ) V ^1/3 (where V: sound velocity, ρ: density, T: temperature, M: molecular weight), and in the case of liquid-liquid, collision is greatly influenced by the molecular weight. If the compression rate of the sound wave is β, then R = (M / ρ ^7/6 ) β ^-1/6 ──────────────── (3). That is, it is strongly compressed and dispersed by ultrasonic waves, and its rate is mainly affected by the molecular weight.

In the case of the liquids A and B, the absorption coefficients are different in the liquids, and the number of collision molecules increases in this part,
The mixing ratio is improved and the dispersion effect is increased.
This is not a direct function of the sound wave, but since the ultrasonic absorption rate or relaxation phenomenon is the center, this relaxation is a function of time and, eventually, a function of the ultrasonic frequency. Therefore, the absorption coefficient α due to scattering is α = 35 · V ⁻⁴ · N ⁶ · {(β′−β) / β} ² f ⁴ ─── (4) (where N: exists in the unit volume). The number of molecules to do, β ',
β: spherical compression ratio and compression ratio, f: frequency)
It changes in proportion to the fourth power of the frequency, and the mixing ratio also becomes this function.

[Gas-Gas, Gas-Liquid Mixture] Gas-
For gases and gas-liquids, the treatment is almost the same in terms of molecular units and even atomic units: a / b = 0.12 (πM / RT) ^1/2 γ ^-1/2 V (ρ ₂ / Ρ ₁ ) (1-C / T) ⁻¹ ───────── (5) (where a / b: density ratio of medium a and medium b, R: gas constant, T: K ° , Γ: specific heat, ρ ₁ , ρ ₂ : density, C: S
userland constant).

[Solid-Solid Mixing] In the case of a solid, dispersion due to collision and disloc caused by collision
Consider the movement of the ation. If the loss due to collision is ω, then ω = ΩΔΛL ⁴ B2πf · π ² C ^-1 ─────────── (6) (where Ω: (2πf) / (2πf ₀ ), Δ: 1 Hz
Mechanical energy lost at Λ, Λ: dislocation movable distance per unit volume, L: dislocation mesh length due to impurity atoms, B: coefficient when damping force of unit dislocation length is Bδξ / δt, f: ultrasonic frequency, C: (2Ga ² ) /
{Π (1-σ)}, a: Berger vector, G:
Therefore, it is shown that the mixing ratio and the dispersion ratio increase in proportion to the frequency. Of course, the same idea can be applied to solid-solid and solid-gas.

As described above, the combinations of solid-solid, solid-gas, solid-liquid, gas-gas, liquid-liquid and liquid-gas are as follows:
Although it depends on the mean free path of atoms and molecules, and on the cluster rate of atoms and molecules, a tentative effect can be obtained. However, in the atom in the molecule, the atom in the particle, the intermolecular, the interparticle, or a combination thereof,
It can be seen that ultrasonic energy is lost in each layer, and this energy portion is used for dispersion, mixing and reaction.
Therefore, by selecting an appropriate ultrasonic power and frequency based on the properties of the substance, the desired effect can be effectively achieved.

In the case of liquid-solid-solid, after all, t = C ^exp -H / kT (where, t: reaction time, C: constant, H: activation energy, k: Boltzmann constant, T: temperature). Becomes When ultrasonic waves are applied to this, the activation energy H is directly affected. Of course, the value of H is different for the solid phase transformation.

[0017]

【Example】

[Mixing of Gas-Liquid] In the mixing of gas and liquid, a dissolved ozone water was produced by ejecting a gas body obtained by ozonizing pure oxygen into water. It was possible to produce ozone water with a 3% ozone concentration in normal mechanical solutions. In this case, according to the method of the present invention, when ultrasonic waves of 1.6 MHz and 30 W were applied at a right angle to the jetted portion, ozone water having a concentration of 6% could be obtained and dispersed with high efficiency. When ultrasonic waves were added to the liquid and jetted, ozone water having a high concentration of 8% could be obtained.

When ozone water was inhaled from the intake portion of a diesel engine 1800 cc with a power of 10 W of 1.65 MHz, the consumption of light oil was 64% at the same output. The output was applied with a constant generator energization of 45 kW.

[Solid-solid mixing] When Co # 800 and Zr # 300 in a molar ratio of Co ₈₅ Zr ₁₅ are mixed and mixed at a temperature of 350 ° C. with a mechanical mixer, amorphization takes 3 hours and 45 minutes. It started (180 rpm). In this case, according to the method of the present invention, when ultrasonic waves of 2 MHz and 30 W were applied, amorphization started in 42 minutes. 40 kHz
In the case of 50W, amorphization starts in 30 minutes,
The reaction was able to occur in a short time of about 1/7 that when ultrasonic waves were not added. In case of 40KHz, the applied pressure is 2
It was about twice as high as MHz.

In addition, an Al ₉₃ Mn ₄ Ce ₃ -based ultrahigh-strength material with a Poisson's ratio of 75 GPa, a combination of Group III and Group V,
This is extremely effective when synthesizing an In _0.97 Ga _0.03 As optoelectronic device from fine powder.

[Solid-liquid mixing (solid-gas extraction)]
For solid-liquid, when mixing powder of MoS ₂ # 1000 with 10 liters of mobile machinery oil, 25 ° C.
In order to investigate the degree of dispersion when mechanically stirring at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes when 10% of MoS ₂ was volatilized and mixed in the oil of No. ₂ , the number of MoS ₂ in the visual field was expanded by magnifying 400 times. Compared. Ultrasonic wave 1.6MHz 30
The output of W was 0.03 W / cm ^{2 and} the mixture was stirred and dispersed for 5 minutes. In the case of the conventional method, the maximum number was 20 and the minimum number was 3 when the sample was sampled 10 times arbitrarily. On the contrary,
In the present invention, the maximum number of measurements was 15 and the minimum was 10 under the same conditions. When the dispersion was carried out by a mechanical system, a treatment time of 45 minutes was required to generate the dispersion almost similar to the ultrasonic system. The dispersion mixing ratio was about 10 times, and it was possible to carry out with high efficiency.

In the extraction of liquid from hops, when humulene melinalol was extracted, hops were added to water at 120 ° C. at a ratio of 1: 1 vol, and mechanical stirring was performed to extract the content of 2-3%. Was obtained in 1 hour. Ultrasonic wave 45
The extraction amount was 75% at KHz 50W.

[Mixture of Liquid-Liquid] When the acid and the alkali were mixed to make them harmless as a salt, it was possible to neutralize 1000 liters in 50 minutes with mechanical stirring at 1000 rpm. Under the same conditions, it was possible to neutralize in 5 minutes when ultrasonic waves of 1.2 MHz and 150 W were used.

5 ml of machine oil and 5 ml of water were mixed, and mechanical stirring for 10 minutes gave 4 ml of emulsion. When an ultrasonic wave of 1.6MHz 30W is applied, 1
In minutes 10 ml of emulsion could be obtained.

[Gas-Gas Mixing] CO ₂ , CO, H
In the case of mixing e and N ₂ at a vol ratio of 8: 4: 28: 60, the nozzle diameters were changed and the pipe-shaped portion having a length of 150 mm was used for mixing by mechanical jet stirring. The output of 3 kW consumed 7 liters / hour of the mixed gas. 5.6MHz 60W ultrasonic oscillator 10m
When the injection gas was sprayed onto the mφ through a pipe portion and mixed, the gas output was 5.8 liters / hour with the same output of 3 kW, which was extremely effective.

The above-mentioned method of the present invention can be easily carried out by a substance mixing apparatus comprising an ultrasonic oscillator and an apparatus for injecting a fluid to be mixed into the ultrasonic sound field.

[0027]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Molecules (atoms) are generated by applying ultrasonic waves.
The collision cross-sections of the two increase and the activation of collision energy increases the mixing, dissolution reaction and diffusion effects. Unlike the conventional method, by supplying the ultrasonic wave while constantly performing impedance matching control, the activity of the reactant is improved, and the reaction can be carried out in an extremely short time.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] September 20, 1994

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0003

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

That is, conventionally, liquid and liquid are mixed (hereinafter,
It is described as "liquid-liquid". In the case of), it took a long time because it was simply stirred. In gas-gas, injection mixing was the main, and pressurization or depressurization was the main one. In the case of gas-liquid, the jetted gas is used also as agitation in the liquid, or is mixed under reduced pressure by the aspiration action. For solid-liquid, it was similar to liquid-liquid. Most of solid-gas and solid-solid are mainly stirred, and the reaction gas is introduced during this period for reaction. Therefore, in each case, only non-uniform mixing was carried out and the reaction was partial, so that the molecular weight of the reaction product was wide, and it was not controlled industrially but was carried out in analog.

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0010

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Liquid-solid mixing] In liquid-solid mixing, the phase difference cos θ between the amplitudes of the medium and the solid particles is cos θ = [1+ (πρfD ² ) / 9μ] ^1/2 ───── ( 1) Assuming the medium amplitude X _G and the particle amplitude X _P , cos θ = X _P / X _G (where ρ: particle density, μ: medium viscosity coefficient, f: frequency, D: solid particle size, Brandt & Hid
emann theory) If the optimum frequency is f _m , then f _m = 5μ / ρD ─────────────────── (2) , F must be increased, and in the case of water at 1.5 MHz, 1-3 μmφ
It becomes a solid grain of. The phase angle can estimate the collision state of solid particles of solid-solid, solid-liquid, gas-liquid, gas-gas, liquid-liquid, and solid-gas. In this case, it acts in proportion to the particle size of the solid and at the square root of the vibration frequency.

[Procedure 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0011

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Liquid-Liquid Mixing] The characteristics of ultrasonic waves for liquid-liquid mixing are described in R.S. T. Rangemann
V ⁻¹ dV / dT = −3ρ ⁻¹ dρ / dT As shown by the equation, R = (M / ρ) V ^1/3 (where V: sound velocity, (rho: density, T: temperature, M: molecular weight), and in the case of liquid-liquid, collision is greatly influenced by the molecular weight. Compressibility by sound waves (adiabatic compression)
Let be β, then R = (M / ρ ^7/6 ) β ^-1/6 ─────────────── (3). That is, it is strongly compressed and dispersed by ultrasonic waves, and its rate is mainly affected by the molecular weight.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0012

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

In the case of the liquids A and B, the absorption coefficients are different in the liquids, and the number of collision molecules increases in this part,
The mixing ratio is improved and the dispersion effect is increased.
This is not a direct function of the sound wave, but since the ultrasonic absorption rate or relaxation phenomenon is the center, this relaxation is a function of time and, eventually, a function of the ultrasonic frequency. Therefore, the absorption coefficient α due to scattering is α = K · V ⁻⁴ · N ⁶ · {(β′-β) / β} ² f ⁴ ─── (4) (where N: exists in the unit volume) Number of solid particles to
β ', β: spherical compression ratio and its compression ratio, f: frequency K: constant ≈ 1088 V: volume of the medium), which eventually changes in proportion to the fourth power of the frequency, and the mixing ratio also It becomes this function.

[Procedure Amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0013

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Gas-Gas, Gas-Liquid Mixture] Gas-
For gases and gas-liquids, the treatment is almost the same in terms of molecular units and even atomic units: a / b = 0.12 (πM / RT) ^1/2 γ ^-1/2 υ (ρ ₂ / Ρ ₁ ) (1 + C / T) ⁻¹ ────────── (5) (where a / b: density ratio of medium a and medium b, R: gas constant, T: K °, γ : Ratio of specific heat of gas and liquid, ρ ₁ , ρ
₂ : Density, C: Sutherland constant, υ: sound velocity in liquid).

[Procedure correction 6]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0014

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Solid-Solid Mixing] In the case of a solid, dispersion due to collision and disloc caused by collision
Consider the movement of the ation. If the loss due to collision is ω, then ω = ΩΔΛL ⁴ B2f · (πC) ⁻¹ ─────────── (6) (where Ω: (2πf) / (2πf ₀ ), Δ: 1 Hz
Mechanical energy lost at Λ, Λ: dislocation movable distance per unit volume, L: dislocation mesh length due to impurity atoms, B: when the damping force of unit dislocation length is B∂ξ / ∂t Coefficient, f: ultrasonic frequency, C: (2Ga ² ) /
{Π (1-σ)}, a: Berger vector, G:
Therefore, it is shown that the mixing ratio and the dispersion ratio increase in proportion to the frequency. Of course, the same idea can be applied to solid-solid and solid-gas.

[Procedure Amendment 7]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0016

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

In the case of gas-liquid-solid-solid, after all,
Letting τ be the reaction rate constants between atoms between atoms, between atoms and between molecules, then τ = C _exp (−H / RT) (where C: frequency factor, H: activation energy, R:
It will react as a gas constant, T: temperature K °).
By taking the logarithm of τ on the vertical axis and obtaining the slope tan θ of the straight line with 1 / Τ on the horizontal axis, tan θ = −H · K K: H can be obtained with the constant 2.3 · R.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A method for mixing substances having different densities or molecular weights, wherein at least one substance having a high density or molecular weight is irradiated with ultrasonic waves to be activated and mixed with another substance. Material mixing method. 2. The substance mixing method according to claim 1, wherein the substance having a high density is water and the other substance to be mixed is ozone. 3. The substance mixing method according to claim 1, wherein the substance having a high density is a whisker or a fine powder. 4. The substance mixing method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of substances to be mixed are irradiated with ultrasonic waves and activated. 5. A substance mixing device comprising an ultrasonic oscillator and a device for injecting a fluid to be mixed into the ultrasonic sound field.